COMPUTER SCIENCE, COMPUTER ENGINEERING, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS, FLOW OF CONTROL, BATCH AND INTERACTIVE PROCESSING

Week 5

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COMPUTER SCIENCE

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COMPUTER SCIENCE

• Definition: Computer science (or computing science) is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems.

• Computer science began to be established as a distinct academic discipline in the 1960s

• Focuses on the process of computing through several areas of specialization, including theory, algorithms, data structures, programming concepts and languages.

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COMPUTER SCIENCE

Computer Theory: Algorithms Data Structures Programming concepts and languages: Computer architecture Management information System: Software Engineering

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FIELDS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE• Mathematical foundations• Theory of computation • Algorithms and data structures• Programming languages and compilers• Concurrent, parallel, and distributed systems• Software engineering• System architecture• Communications• Databases• Artificial intelligence• Visual rendering (or Computer graphics)• Human-Computer Interaction• Scientific computing

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MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS

Mathematical logic Number theory Graph theory Type theory Category theory Computational geometry Numerical analysis

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THEORY OF COMPUTATION

Automata theory Computability theory Computational complexity theory Quantum computing theory

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ALGORITHMS AND DATA STRUCTURES

Analysis of algorithms Algorithms Data structures

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PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND COMPILERS Compilers Interpreters Programming languages

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CONCURRENT, PARALLEL, AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS Concurrency Distributed computing Parallel computing

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Algorithm design Computer programming Formal methods Reverse engineering Software development

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SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Computer architecture Computer organization Operating systems

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COMMUNICATIONS

Computer audio Networking Cryptography

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DATABASES

Data mining Relational databases M

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

• Artificial intelligence • Artificial life • Automated reasoning • Computer vision • Machine learning • Natural language processing/Computational

linguistics • Robotics

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VISUAL RENDERING (OR COMPUTER GRAPHICS)

Computer graphics Image processing

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HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION

Human computer interaction : The study of making computers and computations useful, usable and universally accessible to people, including the study and design of computer interfaces through which people use computers.

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SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING

Bioinformatics Cognitive Science Computational chemistry Computational neuroscience Computational physics Numerical algorithms Symbolic mathematics

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2. COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Definition: Computer Engineering (also called Electronic & Computer engineering or Computer Systems Engineering) is a discipline that encompasses broad areas of both electrical engineering and computer science

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COMPUTER ENGINEERING

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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS

Information System: An Information System (IS) is the system of persons, data records and activities that process the data and information in a given organization, including manual processes or automated processes.

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APPLICATIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Information systems deal with the development, use and management of an organization's IT infrastructure.

The study of information systems, focuses on why and how technology can be put into best use to serve the information flow within an organization.

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Decision support features

MIS DSS EIS ES

Type of decision maker

Many

operational

managers

Individuals and

Small groups of

tactical

managers

Individual

strategic

manager

Individual

strategic, tactical,

or operational

manager

Type of problem Structured Semi-structured Unstructured Structured

Type of

information

Pre-designed

reports on

Internal

operations

Interactive

queries and

responses for

specific

problems

Online access to

internal and

external

information on

many issues

Conclusions and

recommendations

for a particular

complex problem

Type of use Indirect Direct Direct Direct

Phase of decision making

Intelligence Design, choice Intelligence Implementation

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FLOW OF CONTROL

Flow of control: Flow control is the management of data flow between computers or devices or between nodes in a network so that the data can be handled at an efficient pace.

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BATCH AND INTERACTIVE PROCESSING

Batch processing: collecting jobs in a single batch and then execute them without further interaction of the user.

Interactive processing: Allows a program being executed to carry on a dialogue with the user through remote terminals. Requires real-time processing.

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WEEK 5END

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