C O . W OO T

IChinese Opera

❖ Demographics of China❖ Regional statistics❖ Chinese Culture❖ Musical breakdown and origins

Western Opera❖ Western origin❖ Demographics of Italy❖ Biographical information❖ Musical breakdown

D f C

Population size:1,417,228,430❖ China’s population is equivalent to 18.54% of the total world

population.❖ China ranks number 1 in population size versus other countries❖ The median age in China is 37.3 years.

Ethnicities:❖ 56 Ethnic groups❖ 91.59% of the population is comprised of Han Chinese❖ Han Chinese can be found anywhere in China, however mainly live

near aquatic regions such as the Yellow River, Yangtze River and the Pearl River. They are also found in the Northeast Plain Region (Songliao Plain)

❖ Not only largest ethnic group in China, but also the largest in the world

Religions:❖ Multi-religious country❖ Nationally and officially identifies as Atheist❖ Most popular religions include:

➢ Confucianism➢ Taoism➢ Buddhism

Land mass (size):❖ The total land area is 9,388,211 Km2 (3,624,807 sq. miles)

Geographical influences:❖ Development of early civilizations: China was isolated due to harsh

geography➢ Led to nomadic way of life and economic hardship➢ Dry deserts north and west, Pacific ocean on the east,

southern mountainous regions❖ Rivers an important geographical feature

➢ Two main rivers: Yellow river and Yangtze➢ Great source of freshwater, food, fertile soil, and

transportation ➢ Subjects of Chinese poetry, art, literature, and folklore

Political, socioeconomic, and religious influences:❖ Current day: Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Central

Committee of the CPC❖ China is effectively a one party state, however has 8 different

democratic parties under the leadership of a single communist party

M C

M C

Chinese opera❖ Contained kouji, a term for

singing in Chinese music❖ Types of operas include

clapper opera, Pingju, Cantonese opera, puppet opera, Kunqu, Sichuan opera, Qinqiang, ritual masked opera and Huangmei xi.

M CInstrumentation

Ke Yi Liu

Dizi

Guzheng Erhu

MSheet music with chromatic scale

W O

I D

Population:60.0 Million as of 2019

Religions:❖ “Christian 80% (overwhelmingly Roman Catholic with very small

groups of Jehovah's Witnesses and Protestants)❖ Muslim (about 800,000 to 1 million), atheist and agnostic 20%”

Land Mass❖ 301,230 square kilometers

Geographical influences:❖ Germany’s southern region is dominated by mountainous Alps ❖ Most economically prosperous centers include Hamburg, Munich,

Cologne, and Frankfurt

M M LA BOHEME by PUCCINI

C Primary Link:❖ Both stem from cultural and social influences

Secondary Link:❖ Use of vibrato in stringed instruments- generally,

similar string instrument technique

Differences:❖ Scales

➢ Chinese: Pentatonic scale➢ Western: B Minor

❖ Instrumentation➢ Chinese: Dizi, Erhu,

Guzheng➢ Western: Piano, stringed

instruments (Violin, Viola, Cello), typical orchestral instruments

❖ Timbre➢ Chinese: flowing, cantabile

style, emotional➢ Western: intense, accented

B“Ancient China.” Ducksters Educational Site, Technological Solutions, Inc., www.ducksters.com/history/china/geography_of_ancient_china.php.

Bartsch, Christine. “How Did Geography Affect Early China Before the Silk Road?” What Students Learn From Dissecting a Cow's Eye | Education - Seattle PI, 21 Nov. 2017, education.seattlepi.com/did-geography-affect-early-china-before-silk-road-6908.html.

“China Population (LIVE).” United Arab Emirates Population (2018) - Worldometers, www.worldometers.info/world-population/china-population/.

“Chinese Ethnic Groups.” Table Manners in China, Etiquettes and Taboos When Dining, www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/nationality/.

Hays, Jeffrey. “RELIGION IN CHINA.” Facts and Details, factsanddetails.com/china/cat3/sub8/item86.html.

“Music of China.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 13 Nov. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_China#Chinese_opera.

B“Italy Population (LIVE).” Worldometers, www.worldometers.info/world-population/italy-population/.

Zimmermann, Kim Ann. “Italian Culture: Facts, Customs & Traditions.” LiveScience, Purch, 13 Sept. 2017, www.livescience.com/44376-italian-culture.html.