C . 1 7 5 0 - 1 8 5 0

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

I. WHERE DID WE COME FROM?

A. Open field system – everyone shared land

WHERE DID WE COME FROM –CONT-

B. Enclosure system – common land enclosed and divided up

1. People w/small landholdings couldn’t support themselves

2. Moved to the city for work

WHERE DID WE COME FROM –CONT-

C. Pre-Industrial Production

1. Domestic system – work was done at home

2. Textile production moved to factories

a. Greater demandb. Clothing was hard

to make

II. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGINS

A.In England – why?1. Labor – population growth

provided workers2. Land

a. Coal and iron supply in Englandb. Colonies = other raw materialsc. Access to waterways

ENGLAND’S EMPIRE

IR BEGINS –CONT-

3. Capitala. Stable economyb. Colonization

4. Sympathetic governmenta. Financial institutionsb. Favorable laws

5. Successful wars not fought on British soil

IR BEGINS –CONT-

B.Major inventions

1. 1733 – flying shuttle – John Kay• Made it possible

to weave wider fabrics = increased production

IR BEGINS –CONT-

2. 1764 – spinning jenny – James Hargreaves• Made it easier

to produce yarn

IR BEGINS –CONT-

3. 1765 – steam engine – James Watt• Applied

engines to textile mills

IR BEGINS –CONT-

4. 1793 – cotton gin – Eli Whitney• Sped up

cotton seed removal

• Led to increased slavery in US

IR BEGINS –CONT-

5.Transportationa. 1759 – first canalb. 1784 – invention of steam locomotivec. 1812 – rims on wheels made train

usable d. Effects of railroads

i. Cheap, fast transportationii. New jobsiii. Boosted agriculture and fishing industries

III.EFFECTS ON SOCIETY

A.Status was previously defined by land and family

B.Status now defined by wealth or job1. Upper class – super rich, nobility2. Middle class – business people,

professionals1. Livable income plus extra $ for luxuries2. Valued family, clothing, home

EFFECTS ON SOCIETY –CONT-

3.Lower Class – teachers, office workers, shop owners• Sufficient income, no surplus

4.Working Class – factory workers• Better standard of living but

poor quality of life

EFFECTS ON SOCIETY –CONT-

C. Women1. Middle class -

“cult of domesticity”: responsible for home and child care

2. Working class – worked in factories and textile industry

EFFECTS ON SOCIETY –CONT-

D. Increase in cities

1. No codes2. Dark, dirty,

crowded housing

E. Disease1. Cholera,

tuberculosis2. Polluted water

IV.WORKING CONDITIONS

A.14 hour days, 6 days a week

B.Dangerous and dirty

C.Use of child labor

V. EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION

A.Positive1. Jobs2. Increased wealth3. Higher standard of living4. Expanded education5. Eventually higher pay and shorter hours

B.Negative1. Environmental – deforestation, pollution