by seamus heaney

By Seamus HeaneyBy Seamus Heaney

DiggingDigging

Between my finger and my thumbBetween my finger and my thumbThe squat pen rests; as snug as a gun.The squat pen rests; as snug as a gun.

Under my window a clean rasping soundUnder my window a clean rasping soundWhen the spade sinks into gravelly ground:When the spade sinks into gravelly ground:My father, digging. I look downMy father, digging. I look down

Till his straining rump among the flowerbedsTill his straining rump among the flowerbedsBends low, comes up twenty years awayBends low, comes up twenty years awayStooping in rhythm through potato drillsStooping in rhythm through potato drillsWhere he was digging.Where he was digging.

The coarse boot nestled on the lug, the shaftThe coarse boot nestled on the lug, the shaftAgainst the inside knee was levered firmly.Against the inside knee was levered firmly.He rooted out tall tops, buried the bright edge deepHe rooted out tall tops, buried the bright edge deepTo scatter new potatoes that we pickedTo scatter new potatoes that we pickedLoving their cool hardness in our hands.Loving their cool hardness in our hands.

By God, the old man could handle a spade,By God, the old man could handle a spade,Just like his old man.Just like his old man.

My grandfather could cut more turf in a dayMy grandfather could cut more turf in a dayThan any other man on Toner's bog.Than any other man on Toner's bog.Once I carried him milk in a bottleOnce I carried him milk in a bottleCorked sloppily with paper. He straightened upCorked sloppily with paper. He straightened upTo drink it, then fell to right awayTo drink it, then fell to right away

Nicking and slicing neatly, heaving sodsNicking and slicing neatly, heaving sodsOver his shoulder, digging down and downOver his shoulder, digging down and downFor the good turf. Digging.For the good turf. Digging.

The cold smell of potato mould, the squelch and slapThe cold smell of potato mould, the squelch and slapOf soggy peat, the curt cuts of an edgeOf soggy peat, the curt cuts of an edgeThrough living roots awaken in my head.Through living roots awaken in my head.But I've no spade to follow men like them.But I've no spade to follow men like them.

Between my finger and my thumbBetween my finger and my thumbThe squat pen rests.The squat pen rests.I'll dig with it.I'll dig with it.

Between my finger and my thumbThe squat pen rests; as snug as a gun.

Why does Heaney use this simile?

How can a pen be used as a weapon?

Between my finger and my thumbThe squat pen rests; as snug as a gun.

Heaney uses this simile to express his belief that he can use his pen instead of a gun, as a weapon. It shows a new belief that you do not always have to use violence to achieve your goal. Even if you do resort to physical fighting there is no guarantee that you will win.

Under my window a clean rasping soundUnder my window a clean rasping soundWhen the spade sinks into gravelly ground:When the spade sinks into gravelly ground:My father, digging. I look downMy father, digging. I look down


Highlight any onomatopoeic words

What effect do these words have upon the reader?

What kind of a picture is Heaney creating?

Under my window a clean Under my window a clean raspingrasping sound soundWhen the spade sinks into When the spade sinks into gravellygravelly ground: ground:My father, digging. I look downMy father, digging. I look down


onomatopoeiconomatopoeic words: these words depict words: these words depict the image of the act of digging.the image of the act of digging.

‘Gravelly’ contains a number of meanings

How do we know Heaney is remembering?How do we know Heaney is remembering?

“twenty years” “rhythm

”

““Gravelly”Gravelly” is symbolic in that it refers to the One Crop Law that was imposed is symbolic in that it refers to the One Crop Law that was imposed on Ireland by England. This law was later blamed for the famine that struck on Ireland by England. This law was later blamed for the famine that struck Ireland when the potato crop failed. Heaney shows the ground as ‘grave like’ Ireland when the potato crop failed. Heaney shows the ground as ‘grave like’ because it was the physical cause for the famine. The soil retained too much because it was the physical cause for the famine. The soil retained too much water resulting in the potato crop rotting. This left the Irish with no crop to water resulting in the potato crop rotting. This left the Irish with no crop to eat. The message in the word eat. The message in the word ‘gravelly’‘gravelly’ is therefore ambiguous and is therefore ambiguous and educates the reader of the hardships Irish farmers faced from the English educates the reader of the hardships Irish farmers faced from the English oppressors. This is an example of the pen as a weapon.oppressors. This is an example of the pen as a weapon.

““Twenty years”Twenty years” - watching his father digging in the flowerbeds brings back - watching his father digging in the flowerbeds brings back memories of him working in the potato fields. This memory is what the memories of him working in the potato fields. This memory is what the author is choosing to document, British tyranny towards the Irish. And by author is choosing to document, British tyranny towards the Irish. And by documenting this unfair treatment, the author is using his poetry as a documenting this unfair treatment, the author is using his poetry as a weapon.weapon.

““Rhythm”Rhythm” is intended to parallel the plight of the Irish with an image of a is intended to parallel the plight of the Irish with an image of a slave as part of a chain gang doing hard labour. During slavery, the slaves slave as part of a chain gang doing hard labour. During slavery, the slaves would create songs and sing them to the rhythm of their work. This would would create songs and sing them to the rhythm of their work. This would break the monotony and also alleviate some of their stress. Here Heaney break the monotony and also alleviate some of their stress. Here Heaney is saying that the Irish were captives and their unfavourable task was to is saying that the Irish were captives and their unfavourable task was to cultivate the potato fields.cultivate the potato fields.

The coarse boot nestled on the lug, the shaftThe coarse boot nestled on the lug, the shaftAgainst the inside knee was levered firmly.Against the inside knee was levered firmly.He rooted out tall tops, buried the bright edge deepHe rooted out tall tops, buried the bright edge deepTo scatter new potatoes that we pickedTo scatter new potatoes that we pickedLoving their cool hardness in our hands.Loving their cool hardness in our hands.

By God, the old man could handle a spade,By God, the old man could handle a spade,Just like his old man.Just like his old man.

My grandfather could cut more turf in a dayMy grandfather could cut more turf in a dayThan any other man on Toner's bog.Than any other man on Toner's bog.Once I carried him milk in a bottleOnce I carried him milk in a bottleCorked sloppily with paper. He straightened upCorked sloppily with paper. He straightened upTo drink it, then fell to right awayTo drink it, then fell to right away

Nicking and slicing neatly, heaving sodsNicking and slicing neatly, heaving sodsOver his shoulder, digging down and downOver his shoulder, digging down and downFor the good turf. Digging.For the good turf. Digging.

What makes us think Heaney What makes us think Heaney admires the art of digging admires the art of digging and farming? and farming?

How does Heaney convey a How does Heaney convey a sense of time and sense of time and injustice?injustice?

Is there a sense of futility Is there a sense of futility throughout this section?throughout this section?

The coarse boot nestled on the lug, the shaftAgainst the inside knee was levered firmly.He rooted out tall tops, buried the bright edge deepTo scatter new potatoes that we pickedLoving their cool hardness in our hands.

By God, the old man could handle a spade,Just like his old man.

My grandfather could cut more turf in a dayThan any other man on Toner's bog.Once I carried him milk in a bottleCorked sloppily with paper. He straightened upTo drink it, then fell to right away

Nicking and slicing neatly, heaving sodsOver his shoulder, digging down and downFor the good turf. Digging.

This is a particularly descriptive and emotional section of the poem where Heaney displays his love and admiration for digging and farming. He uses alliteration to create delicate and powerful images for the reader.

By choosing words with few syllables he creates an artistic view of the simple act of digging potatoes

By pointing out that his father could dig as well as his grandfather gives the reader a sense of time, informing the audience of just how long this unjust practice had been taking place for. Digging is paralleled with the rebellion in that their acts are getting them nowhere but into a deeper and deeper situation.



What does Heaney mean by “living roots awaken in my head”?Is he disappointed at not being able to work the land?

What does he mean by he’ll “dig with it”?

V’sV’s


V’sV’s

Heaney is not letting his father’s Heaney is not letting his father’s actions die a futile death. Instead actions die a futile death. Instead he has made his father’s he has made his father’s memories seeds in his mind, very memories seeds in his mind, very much alive, at root in his much alive, at root in his existence. existence.

Heaney is disappointed that he can’t ever be like his Heaney is disappointed that he can’t ever be like his father or grandfather, however he doesn’t provide father or grandfather, however he doesn’t provide the reasons why in the poem. However at the end of the reasons why in the poem. However at the end of the poem there is a real sense that he knows what the poem there is a real sense that he knows what he can achieve as an individual.he can achieve as an individual.

This final line is open to much interpretation. It is This final line is open to much interpretation. It is a confident statement where the idea of using a a confident statement where the idea of using a pen to dig is very similar to that of a newspaper pen to dig is very similar to that of a newspaper reporter uses a pen. It is the job of a journalist to reporter uses a pen. It is the job of a journalist to uncover hidden information so that it can be uncover hidden information so that it can be known. This is exactly what Heaney wants to do known. This is exactly what Heaney wants to do in his work and has accomplished in this poem. in his work and has accomplished in this poem. He has unearthed the cruel policy of the One He has unearthed the cruel policy of the One Crop Law and in doing so, has provided a Crop Law and in doing so, has provided a contemporary audience with an understanding of contemporary audience with an understanding of the conflict between the British and the Irish. the conflict between the British and the Irish.

Digging and writing do have strong parallels, in that a writer Digging and writing do have strong parallels, in that a writer digs in their mind and that digging and writing are both digs in their mind and that digging and writing are both constructive processes. The former digs in order to get constructive processes. The former digs in order to get nourishment for the body, as a writer writes for nourishment of nourishment for the body, as a writer writes for nourishment of the mind. For Heaney the pen is a weapon to speak out for the mind. For Heaney the pen is a weapon to speak out for what he believes in.what he believes in.


The End