by · ( iv ) motivation and behaviour ..... 112 theories of motivation ..... 113 group behaviour...

By

Dr. Vidyapati Parashar

Upkar Prakashan, Agra-2

( ii )

© Publishers

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( iii )

Contents

●●●●● Previous Years’ Solved Papers

Unit–1●●●●● Managerial Economics .............. 3–63

✑ Concept of Managerial Economics ...... 3

✑ Demand .................................................... 8

✑ Objectives/Uses/Purposesof Demand Analysis ............................... 10

✑ Demand Curve ........................................ 11

✑ Demand Schedule ................................... 13

✑ Elasticity of Demand .............................. 14

✑ Production Function .............................. 18

✑ Cost-Output Relations ........................... 22

✑ Market Structures and PricingTheories ................................................... 27

✑ Marketing and Advertising ................... 32

✑ Advertisements ...................................... 33

✑ Macro-Economics .................................. 33

✑ Concept of National Income ................. 34

✑ Infrastructure-Managementand Policy ................................................ 37

✑ Business Environment ........................... 39

✑ Capital Budgeting ................................... 42

✑ Types of Budgets ................................... 43

✑ Objective Type Questions ..................... 4 4

✑ Answers ................................................... 6 3

Unit–2●●●●● Organisational

Behaviour ............................... 64–168✑ Role of Organisational Behaviour ........ 65

✑ Scope of Organisational Behaviour ..... 68

✑ Role and Importance of Organisational

Behaviour ................................................ 69

✑ Organisation Structure .......................... 70

✑ Organizational Design ........................... 74

✑ Mechanism for Designing Structure ... 75

✑ Personality ............................................... 77

✑ Determinants of Personality ................. 83

✑ Personality and Behaviour .................... 85

✑ Organisational Applications of

Personality ............................................... 87

✑ Perception ................................................ 87

✑ Managerial Applications of

Perception ................................................ 88

✑ Attitude’s and Values ............................. 89

✑ Concept of Attitudes .............................. 90

✑ Theories of Attitude Formation ............ 92

✑ Factors in Attitude Formation .............. 94

✑ Attitude Measurement ........................... 95

✑ Attitude Change ..................................... 96

✑ Values ....................................................... 98

✑ Factors in Value Formation .................... 99

✑ Types of Values ...................................... 100

✑ Learning ................................................... 102

✑ Learning Theories .................................. 105

✑ Cognitive Learning Theory ................... 107

✑ Social Learning Theory .......................... 107

✑ Integrating Various

Learning Theories ................................... 108

✑ Types of Reinforcement ......................... 109

✑ Motivation ............................................... 111

( iv )

✑ Motivation and Behaviour .................... 112

✑ Theories of Motivation ......................... 113

✑ Group Behaviour .................................... 120

✑ Communication ....................................... 123

✑ Principles of Communication ................ 130

✑ Leadership ............................................... 131

✑ Managerial Grid ....................................... 135

✑ Traits or Qualities of

a Good Leader ......................................... 136

✑ Situational Theory of Leadership ........ 137

✑ Managing Change .................................. 138

✑ Resistance to Change ............................ 140

✑ Managing Conflicts ................................ 142

✑ Organizational Development ................. 146

✑ Objective Type Questions ..................... 147

✑ Answers ................................................... 168

Unit–3●●●●● Human Resource

Management .........................169–239✑ Human Resource Planning .................... 170

✑ Job Analysis ............................................ 176

✑ Job Descriptions ..................................... 180

✑ Selecting Human Resources ................. 181

✑ Selection ................................................... 184

✑ Induction (Orientation

or Preliminary Training) ......................... 187

✑ Training .................................................... 188

✑ Development ........................................... 193

✑ Exit Policy ................................................ 195

✑ Performance Appraisal

and Evaluation ........................................ 196

✑ Potential Assessment ............................ 200

✑ Job Evaluation ........................................ 200

✑ Wage Determination .............................. 204

✑ Industrial Relations

and Trade Unions ................................... 206

✑ Trade Unions .......................................... 208

✑ Dispute Resolutions and Grievance

Management ........................................... 212

✑ Labour Welfare ....................................... 217

✑ Social Security Measures ...................... 222


✑ Answers ................................................... 239

Unit–4●●●●● Financial Management .........240–289

✑ Objectives of Financial

Management ........................................... 240

✑ Functions of Financial

Management ........................................... 241

✑ Nature ....................................................... 242

✑ Scope of Financial Management .......... 243

✑ Valuation Concepts

and Valuation of Securities ................... 246

✑ Capital Budgeting Decisions ................ 247

✑ Risk Analysis .......................................... 249

✑ Capital Structure ..................................... 252

✑ Cost of Capital ........................................ 257

✑ Dividend Policy ...................................... 261

✑ Determination of Capital

Requirements .......................................... 264

✑ Mergers and Acquisition ...................... 266

✑ Acquisition .............................................. 269


✑ Answers ................................................... 289

Unit–5●●●●● Marketing Environment .......290–374

✑ Purpose of Marketing

Environment ............................................ 292

( v )

✑ I. Mega/Macro Environment

Factors ..................................................... 292

✑ II. Environmental Factors Specific tothe Business Concerned ....................... 294

✑ Marketing Information System ............. 296

✑ Marketing Research ............................... 298

✑ Analyzing Consumer Markets .............. 301

✑ Analyzing Industry Market .................. 303

✑ Demand Measurement

and Forecasting ...................................... 304

✑ Market Segmentations ........................... 311

✑ Market Targeting .................................... 313

✑ Product Positioning ............................... 314

✑ Product Decisions .................................. 315

✑ Product Policy ......................................... 316

✑ Product Mix ............................................. 316

✑ New Product Development ................... 317

✑ Product Life Cycle .................................. 321

✑ Branding & Packaging ........................... 322

✑ Pricing Methods and Strategies ........... 327

✑ Promotion Mix ......................................... 332

✑ Advertising ............................................. 336

✑ Personal Selling ...................................... 340

✑ Channel Management ............................ 342

✑ Vertical Marketing Systems .................. 345

✑ Evaluation and Control ofMarketing Efforts ................................... 346

✑ Lines on which MarketingCosts are Analysed Normally ............... 348

✑ Marketing of ServicesFeatures of Services ............................... 350

✑ Customer Relationship

Management ........................................... 351

✑ Internet Marketing System ................... 353

✑ Benefits of Web Marketing ................... 354


✑ Answers ................................................... 374

Unit–6●●●●● Production Management ...... 375–419

✑ Production Management ....................... 375

✑ Functions and Scope of Production

Management ........................................... 376

✑ Facility Location ..................................... 377

✑ Layout Planning and Analysis ............. 377

✑ Production Planning and Control ........ 377

✑ Steps/Elements of ProductionPlanning and Control ............................. 380

✑ Production Process Analysis ............... 383

✑ Demand Forecasting .............................. 383

✑ Work Measurement ................................ 384

✑ Time and Motion Study ........................ 386

✑ Statistical Quality Control ..................... 387

✑ Role & Scope of Operation

Research .................................................. 388

✑ Linear Programming ............................... 389

✑ Duality ...................................................... 392

✑ Transportation Model ........................... 392

✑ Inventory Control ................................... 394

✑ Inventory Management Systems ......... 396

✑ Queuing Theory ..................................... 396

✑ Decision Theory ..................................... 400

✑ Markov Analysis .................................... 401


✑ Answers ................................................... 419

Unit–7●●●●● Probability Theory ................ 420–490

✑ Probability Theory ................................. 420

✑ Probability Distribution ......................... 420

✑ Binomial Distribution ............................. 422

✑ Poisson Distribution .............................. 424


✑ Answers ................................................... 490

( vi )

Unit–8●●●●● Corporate Strategy ............... 491–525

✑ Characteristics or Nature of

Corporate or Strategic Planning ........... 491

✑ Need for and Importanceof Corporate Planning ............................ 493

✑ Failure of Strategic Planning ................. 494

✑ Components of Strategy

Formulation ............................................. 495

✑ Ansoff’s Growth Vector ........................ 496

✑ BCG Model .............................................. 496

✑ Porter’s Generic Strategies .................... 499

✑ Competitor Analysis .............................. 499

✑ Strategic Dimensions and

Group Mapping ...................................... 500

✑ Industry Analysis ................................... 501

✑ Fragmentation Maturity

and Decline .............................................. 504

✑ Competitive Strategy .............................. 505

✑ Grand Strategies ..................................... 506

✑ Transnalisation of World Economy ..... 507

✑ Financial Globalization andFinancial Stability ................................... 510

✑ World Trade Organisation .................... 511


✑ Answers ................................................... 525

Unit–9●●●●● Concept of Management ......526–562

✑ Characteristics of Management ........... 528

✑ Principles of Management .................... 529

✑ Competencies and Its Development .... 532

✑ Innovation and Entrepreneurship ........ 534

✑ Small Scale Industries ............................ 536

✑ Process of Business Opportunity

Identification ........................................... 537

✑ Planning of Small-Scale Industry ......... 538

✑ Management of Small Enterprises ....... 542

✑ Sickness in Small Enterprises &

Rehabilitation of Sick Enterprises ........ 544

✑ Intrapreneurship ..................................... 548

✑ Objective type Questions ...................... 552

✑ Answers ................................................... 562

Unit–10●●●●● Ethics and Management

System ...................................563–585✑ The Tools of Ethics ................................ 565

✑ Ecological Environment ......................... 566

✑ Ethics in Managing ................................ 567

✑ Corporate Governance ........................... 570


✑ Answers ................................................... 585

Elective I .................................... 586–603

Elective II .................................. 604–613

Elective III ................................. 614–627

Elective IV ................................. 628–636

( vii )

SYLLABUS

Paper–II & Paper–III (A) Core GroupUnit–I

Managerial Economics—Demand Analysis.

Production Function.

Cost-output relations.

Market structures.

Pricing theories.

Advertising.

Macro-economics.

National Income concepts.

Infrastructure—Management and Policy.

Business Environment.

Capital Budgeting.

Unit–IIThe concept and significance of organisational behaviour—Skills and roles in an

organisation—Classical, Neo-classical and modern theories of organisational structure—Organisational design—Understanding and Managing individual behaviour personality—Perception—Values—Attitudes—Learning—Motivation. Understanding and managing groupbehaviour, Processes—Inter-personal and group dynamics—Communication—Leadership—Managing change—Managing conflicts.

Organisational development.

Unit–III

Concepts and perspectives in HRM; HRM in changing environment.

Human resource planning—Objectives, Process and Techniques.

Job analysis—Job description.

Selecting human resources.

Induction, Training and Development.

Exit policy and implications.

Performance appraisal and evaluation.

Potential assessment.

( viii )

Job evaluation.

Wage determination.

Industrial Relations and Trade Unions.

Dispute resolution and Grievance management.

Labour welfare and social security measures.

Unit–IVFinancial management—Nature and Scope.Valuation concepts and valuation of securities.Capital budgeting decisions—Risk analysis.Capital structure and cost of capital.Dividend policy—Determinants.Long-term and short-term financing instruments.Mergers and Acquisitions.

Unit–VMarketing environment and Environment scanning; Marketing Information Systems and

Marketing research; Understanding consumer and industrial markets; Demand Measurementand Forecasting; Market Segmentation—Targeting and Positioning; Product decisions,Product mix, Product Life Cycle; New product development; Branding and Packaging; Pricingmethods and strategies.

Promotion decisions—Promotion mix; Advertising; Personal selling; Channel manage-ment; Vertical marketing systems; Evaluation and control of marketing effort; Marketing ofservices; Customer relation management; Uses of internet as a marketing medium—otherrelated issues like branding; market development, Advertising and retailing on the net.

New issues in Marketing.

Unit–VI

Role and scope of production management; Facility location; Layout planning andanalysis; Production planning and control—production process analysis; Demand forecastingfor operations; Determinants of product mix; Production scheduling; Work measurement;Time and motion study; Statistical Quality Control.

Role and scope of Operations Research; Linear Programming; Sensitivity analysis;Duality; Transportation model; Inventory control; Queueing theory; Decision theory; Markovanalysis; PERT/CPM.

Unit–VII

Probability theory; Probability distributions—Binomial, Poisson, Normal and Exponential;Correlation and Regression analysis; Sampling theory; Sampling distributions; Tests ofHypothesis; Large and small samples; t, z, F, Chi-square tests.

( ix )

Use of Computers in Managerial applications; Technology issues and Data processing inOrganizations; Information systems; MIS and Decision making; System analysis and design;Trends in Information Technology; Internet and Internet-based applications.

Unit–VIIIConcept of corporate strategy; Components of strategy formulation; Ansoff’s growth

vector; BCG Model; Porter’s generic strategies; Competitor analysis; Strategic dimensionsand group mapping; Industry analysis; Strategies in industry evolution, fragmentation, maturityand decline; Competitive strategy and corporate strategy; Transnationalization of world economy;Managing cultural diversity; Global Entry strategies; Globalisation of financial system and ser-vices; Managing international business; Competitive advantage of nations; RTP and WTO.

Unit–IXConcepts—Types, Characteristics; Motivation; Competencies and its development;

Innovation and Entrepreneurship; Small business—Concepts Government policy forpromotion of small and tiny enterprises; Process of business opportunity identification;Detailed business plan preparation; Managing small enterprises; Planning for growth;Sickness in Small Enterprises; Rehabilitation of sick enterprises; entrepreneurship(organisational entrepreneurship).

Unit–XEthics and management system; Ethical issues and analysis in management; Value based

organisations; Personal framework for ethical choices; Ethical pressure on individual inorganisations; Gender issues; Ecological consciousness; Environmental ethics; Socialresponsibilities of business; Corporate governance and ethics.

Paper–III (B)[Elective/Optional]

Elective–IHuman Resource Management (HRM)—Significance; Objectives; Functions; A

diagnostic model; External and Internal environment.Forces and Influences; Organising HRM function.Recruitment and Selection—Sources of recruits; Recruiting methods; Selection

procedure; Selection tests; Placement and Follow-up.Performance Appraisal System—Importance and Objectives; Techniques of appraisal

system; New trends in appraisal system.Development of Personnel—Objectives; Determining Needs; Methods of Training and

Development programmes; Evaluation.Career Planning and Development—Concept of career; Career planning and

development methods.Compensation and Benefits—Job evaluation techniques; Wage and salary administration;

Fringe Benefits; Human resource records and audit.

( x )

Employee Discipline—Importance; causes and forms; Disciplinary action; Domesticenquiry.

Grievance Management—Importance; Process and Practices; Employee Welfare andSocial Security Measures.

Industrial Relations—Importance; Industrial conflicts; Causes; Dispute settlementmachinery.

Trade Unions—Importance of Unionism; Union leadership; National Trade UnionMovement.

Collective Bargaining—Concept; Process; Pre-requisites; New trends in collectivebargaining.

Industrial Democracy and Employee Participation—Need for industrial democracy;Pre-requisites for industrial democracy; Employee Participating—Objectives; Forms of EmployeeParticipation.

Future of Human Resource Management.

Elective–IIMarketing—Concept; Nature and Scope; Marketing myopia; Marketing mix; Different

environments and their influences on marketing; Understanding the customer and competition.

Role and Relevance of Segmentation and Positioning; Static and Dynamic understandingof BCG Matrix and Product Life Cycle; Brands—Meaning and R ole; Brand buildingstrategies; Share increasing strategies.

Pricing objectives; Pricing concepts; Pricing methods.

Product—Basic and Augmented stages in New Product Developments.

Test marketing concepts.

Promotion mix—Role and Relevance of advertising.

Sales promotion—Media planning and management.

Advertising—Planning, execution and evaluation.

Different tools used in sales promotion and their specific advantages and limitations.

Public Relations—Concepts and Relevance.

Distribution channel hierarchy; Role of each member in the channel; Analysis of businesspotential and evaluation of performance of the channel members.

Wholesaling and Retailing—Different types and the strengths of each one; Emergingissues in different kinds of retailing in India.

Marketing research—Sources of information; Data collection; Basic tools used in dataanalysis; Structuring a research report.

Marketing to organisations—Segmentation models; Buyer behaviour models;Organisational buying process.

Consumer Behaviour theories and models and their specific relevance to marketingmanagers.

( xi )

Sales Function—Role of technology in automation of sales function.

Customer relationship management including the concept of ‘Relationship marketing’.

Use of internet as a medium of marketing; Managerial issues in reaching consumers/organisation through internet.

Structuring and managing marketing organisations.

Export Marketing—Indian and global context.

Elective–III

Nature and scope of Financial Management.

Valuation and Concepts—Risk and Return; Valuation of securities; Pricing theories—Capital asset pricing model and Arbitrage pricing theory.

Understanding financial statements and analysis thereof.

Capital budgeting decisions; Risk analysis in capital budgeting and Long-term sources offinance.

Capital structure—Theories and Factors; Cost of capital.

Dividend Policies—Theories and Determinants.

Working Capital Management—Determinants and Financing; Cash management;Inventory management; Receivable management.

Elements of Derivatives.

Corporate risk management.

Mergers and Acquitions.

International Financial Management.

Elective–IV

India’s Foreign Trade and Policy; Export promotion policies; Trade agreements with othercountries; Policy and performance of Export zones and Export-oriented units; Exportincentives.

International marketing logistics; International logistical structures; Export Documentationframework; Organization of shipping services; Chartering practices; Marine cargo insurance.

International financial environment; Foreign exchange markets; Determination of exchangerates; Exchange risk measurement; International investment; International capital markets;International Credit Rating Agencies and Implications of their ratings.

WTO and Multilateral trade agreements pertaining to trade in goods; trade in services andTRIPS; Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs); International Trade Blocks—NAFTA,ASEAN, SAARC, EU, WTO and Dispute Settlement Mechanism.

Technology monitoring; Emerging opportunities for global business.

Management(Paper-II)

UGC-NET/JRF Exam.,(January 2017)

Solved Paper

(Held on 22 January,2017)

Management(Paper-II)

Note : This paper contains fifty (50) objectivetype questions of two (2) marks each. All questionsare compulsory.

1. Indicate the correct code for the scope of mana-gerial economics from the following :(a) Demand analysis(b) Production and cost analysis(c) Pricing and investment decisions(d) Factor pricing decision(e) Economic environmental analysis(A) (a), (b), (c), (d) (B) (b), (c), (d), (e)(C) (a), (b), (c), (e) (D) (a), (c), (d), (e)

2. Price elasticity of demand for a product ismeasured by :

(A) Ed = Q P

×Q P

(B) Ed =

Q P

Q P

(C) Ed = P Q

×Q P

(D) Ed =

P Q

P Q

(Where Ed = Elasticity of demand, Q = Quantity,P = Price and = Represents change)

3. Which one of the following will be the appro-priate pricing strategy for a new product expectingan expanding market ?(A) Monopoly pricing(B) Skimming pricing(C) Penetrating pricing(D) Differential pricing

4. Match the List-I with List-II and suggest thecorrect code from the following :List-I(a) Loss Leader(b) Unchanged pricing(c) Basing point pricing(d) Skimming pricing

List-II(1) Locational price differentials(2) Products with high initial demands(3) Product line pricing(4) Oligopoly pricingCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 1 2 3 4(B) 3 4 1 2(C) 4 2 1 3(D) 3 1 2 4

5. In case the firm makes varying investments onthe different investment projects the appropriateproject evaluation technique would be, whichone of the following :(A) Average annual rate of return technique(B) Pay back value technique(C) Net present value technique(D) Profitability index technique

6. According to Henry Fayol, which one of thefollowing combinations of qualities are requiredin a manager ?(A) Physical, mental, experience, educational

and conceptual(B) Technical, human, conceptual, mental and

moral(C) Physical, mental, moral, educational,

technical and experience(D) Mental, moral, conceptual, educational,

technical and experience

7. Neo-classical organization theory emphasis onwhich one of the following ?(A) Flat structure of organization(B) Tall structure of organization

4 | UGC Management (II) Jan. 2017

(C) Coordination by hierarchy(D) Unity of command

8. According to Graicuna’s formula of span of mana-gement, if a superior has three subordinates,what number of cross-relationships would be ?(A) three (B) six(C) nine (D) eighteen

9. In Reddin’s ‘Tridimensional Grid’, which oneof the following is a less effective styles ofleadership ?(A) Developer (B) Missionary(C) Executive (D) Bureaucrat

10. Assertion (A) : Attribution theory is based onrelationship between personal perception andinterpersonal behaviour.Reasoning (R) : Since most ‘whys’ are notdirectly observable, people must depend uponcognitions, particularly perception.Codes :(A) (A) is right and (R) is wrong(B) (A) is wrong and (R) is right(C) Both (A) and (R) are right, but (R) does not

explain (A)(D) Both (A) and (R) are right and (R) explains

(A)

11. Arrange the following steps of training anddevelopment process in the right sequence.(a) Need analysis(b) Validation(c) Evaluation(d) Implement the programme(e) Instructional design(A) (a), (e), (d), (c), (b)(B) (a), (e), (c), (b), (d)(C) (a), (e), (b), (d), (c)(D) (a), (b), (e), (c), (d)

12. Which one of the following is related to‘Standard of Personnel’ ?(A) Job Specification(B) Job Description(C) Job Design(D) Job Evaluation

13. If an employee desires to pay more than theminimum require contribution under theEmployee’s Provident Fund and MiscellaneousProvisions Act, 1952, then—

(A) employer shall also pay an amount equalto the total contribution of employee

(B) employer shall pay only half of the additionalcontribution of employee

(C) employer is under no obligation to pay theadditional contribution

(D) the act is silent regarding this matter

14. Under the Employee’s State Insurance Act, 1948,sickness benefit can be paid for which one ofthe following maximum periods ?(A) 45 days in two consecutive benefit periods(B) 66 days in two consecutive benefit periods(C) 91 days in two consecutive benefit periods(D) 180 days in two consecutive benefit periods

15. Which one of the following laws is enacted bythe Central Government and enforced by theState Governments ?(A) The Employees State Insurance Act, 1948(B) The Employees’ Provident Fund and

Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952(C) Factories Act, 1948(D) The Mines Act, 1952

16. The cost of external equity can be most appro-priately computed as per the :(A) Earnings price ratio(B) Dividend price ratio(C) Dividend price plus growth ratio(D) Capital assets pricing model

17. Match the List-I with List-II and choose thecorrect answer from the codes given :List-I(a) Net income approach for capital structure(b) Net operating income approach for capital

structure(c) Irrelevance of capital structure for the value

of the firm(d) FRICT analysis for capital structureList-II(1) Modigliani, M. and Miller M.H.(2) Robert Bruner(3) Ezra Soloman(4) David DurandCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 1 2 3 4(B) 4 3 1 2(C) 4 3 2 1(D) 2 1 4 3

UGC NET /JRF /SET Management(Paper II & III)

Publisher : Upkar Prakashan ISBN : 9789350135198Author : Dr. VidyapatiParashar

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