ByDr BAHA.M.HASSEN

Efforts to averts rather than to cure disease and disability1- primary prevention.(avoiding disorders before they begin) tetanus immunization ,chlorination of water.

2-secondary prevention: recognizing and eliminating of the precursors of the disease screening programs for pap smears ,increase blood sugar , scoliosis …etc

3-tertiary prevention: ameliorating the disabilities arising from established disaese,physiotherpy to prevent contractures in chronic neurologic disorder

•Good intrapartum obstetric care and subsequent effective monitoring

•The promotion of breast-feeding

•Policy statements on breast-feeding by pediatric associations

• management of HIV- positive,TB mothers

•Breast-feeding should be maintained for at least 3 months.

•Accidents .

•Sudden infant death syndrome.

•Immunization.

•A healthy diet .

•Preventive drug prophylaxis

Screening procedures

Immunization is the deliberate stimulation of an immune response in a person by giving a specific ‘vaccine’ to protect against an infectious disease.

•Active immunity is the protection produced by the individual and the effects are usually long lasting.

•Immunization is a simple, economic and effective form of control for some infectious diseases.

•A vaccine is a protein antigen.•Vaccines may be live, killed, toxoids or genetically engineered.

•causing a mild ‘infection.

•. A virulent organism is weaken.

•BCG,MMR ,rabies ,yellow fever, Sabine polio vaccine

•antigen inactivated by heat, phenol, formaldehyde or some other means.

•usually require a series of spaced injections.

•Cellular pertusis, Salk polio vaccine, typhoid fever

•induce active immunity.

• an inactivated toxin .a

• produce antibodies which inactivate the toxins but do not kill the bacteria.

• Diphtheria and tetanus toxins

1-Acute illness

2-Previous severe reaction to immunization.

3-Immune deficiency or suppression,acqured or induced.

4-Prrogressive or uncontrolled CNS disease.

5-Specfic situations with cellular pertusis or live vaccine