by a. riasi ph.d. in animal physiology and nutrition advance physiology by a. riasi ph.d. in animal...
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Advance physiology
By A. RiasiBy A. RiasiPh.D. in Animal physiology Ph.D. in Animal physiology
and nutritionand nutrition
Isfahan University of Technology (IUT)
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)لول و کنترل آن فیزیولوژی س لول )ف یزیولوژی غش ا و اج زای س لول، فع الیت س
فیزیولوژی سلول های ماهیچه ای و عصب
،رد آن فیزیولوژی قلب و ع روق )مقدم ه، س اختمان قلب و ع روق و کن ترل عملک(ECGمنحنی
)دت قلب فیزیولوژی قلب و ع روق )کن ترل کوت اه م دت، متوس ط و دراز م
،وژن دیفی تهوی ه، آن، عملک رد کن ترل و )س اختمان تنفس دس تگاه فيزیولوژی انتقال اکسیژن در ششها و عروق و سلول(
)فیزیولوژی کلیه )نفرون ها، فیلتراسیون و باز جذب
کنترل( فيزیولوژی کلیهGFR)و مکانیزم دفع ادرار
و کوچ ک روده مع ده، م ری، ده ان، )س اختمان گ وارش دس تگاه فیزیولوژی عملکرد آنها(
تگاه فیزیولوژی دس تگاه گ وارش )س یری و گرس نگی(، یافت ه ه ای جدی د علم دسگوارش.
Outlines
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References
Animal Physiology by: Sherwood et al.
Duck’s Physiology of Domestic Animals by: H. H. Duck’s
Anatomy and Physiology by: A. C. Guyton
The Animal Science Journals
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Cell structure
Cells have the ability to grow, replicate, perform complex
metabolic reaction, and respond to environmental stimuli.
Prokaryotic VS Eukaryotic cells
We need to use the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and
Transmission electron microscope (TEM) for studying the cell
structures.
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Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
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Cell membrane
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Cell membrane morphology
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Cell membrane morphology
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Cytoplasm & cytosol
Cytoplasm is material between plasma
membrane and the nucleus.
Cytoplasmic organelles are metabolic
machinery of the cell.
Cytosol occupying about 55% of the total
cell volume.
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Cytoplasm & cytosol
Cytosol is the semiliquid portion of the cytoplasm that
surround the organelles.
Cytosol is actually more like a highly organized
gelatinous mass with difference in composition and
gelatinous consistency between various regions and
states of the cells.
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Specialized cellular compartments
Membranous
Mitochondria, peroxisomes, lysosomes, endoplasmic
reticulum, and Golgi apparatus
Nonmembranous
Cytoskeleton, centrioles, and ribosomes
Cytoplasmic organelles
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Cell’s organelles
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Contains nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin
Gene-containing control center of the cell
Dictates the kinds and amounts of proteins to be
synthesized
Nucleus & Nucleolus
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Figure 3.28a
Nucleus & Nucleolus
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Selectively permeable double membrane barrier
containing pores.
Encloses jellylike nucleoplasm, which contains
essential solutes.
Pore complex regulates transport of large molecules
into and out of the nucleus.
Nuclear envelope
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Endoplasmic reticulum )ER(
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Endoplasmic reticulum )ER(
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Endo-membrane System
Plasma membrane
ER
Nuclear membrane
Golgi apparatus
Vesicles
Figure 3.23
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Stacked and flattened membranous sacs.
Functions in modification, concentration, and
packaging of proteins.
Transport vesicles from the ER fuse with the Golgi.
Secretory vesicles leave the Golgi stack and move to
designated parts of the cell.
Golgi apparatus
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Role of the Golgi Apparatus )Shipping department(
Figure 3.21
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Spherical membranous bags containing digestive
enzymes.
Digest ingested bacteria, etc.
Degrade nonfunctional organelles.
Lysosomes
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Cytoskeleton
The “skeleton” of the cell
Series of rods running through the cytosol
Consists of Microtubules – hollow tubes
Microfilaments – thin, solid strands of actin
Intermediate filaments – coiled strands of protein
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Figure 3.24
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Centrioles
Small barrel-shaped organelles located in the
centrosome near the nucleus
Organize mitotic spindle during mitosis
Form the bases of cilia and flagella
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Centrioles
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Cilia
Whiplike, motile cellular extensions on exposed
surfaces of certain cells
Move substances in one direction across cell surfaces
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Cilia
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Cilia
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Mitochondria )Power house(
Double membrane structure with shelflike cristae
Provide most of the cell’s ATP via aerobic cellular
respiration
Contain their own DNA and RNA
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Mitochondria
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Motor Molecules
Protein complexes that function in motility
Powered by ATP
Attach to receptors on organelles
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Motor Molecules
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Motor Molecules
Figure 3.25b
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Motor Molecules