bus rapid transit (brt) developments in china dongquan he china sustainable transportation center...
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Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Developments in China
Dongquan HEChina Sustainable Transportation Center
Supported by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and the Energy FoundationVisit us at http://www.chinastc.org
2006 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Overview
Background Problems of Urban Transport Critical time for intervention BRT Systems and Plans in
China Summary About Us
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Background Remarkable Economic Growth
Growth of GDP per capita in the past decade has averaged almost 9% per annum
Projected growth at annual rate of 8% during the 11th Five-year plan (2004-2009) by government
Demographic Change Urbanization
Urban Population 600million (40% of total) Urban spatial decentralization
Growth of SuburbsGrowth of Land ConsumptionGovernment pursues a policy to create new Satellite
Cities
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1999 2020
Source: IEA
Mil l
ion b
ar r
els
per
day
(mbd)
Oil Use in China Energy Issue
China is the third biggest consumer of petroleum in the world after U.S and Japan (MOC, 2005)
Will import 100 million tons petroleum in year 2010, 61% of total consume; will import 200 million tons in year 2020, 76.9% of total consume (IEA, 2005)
Background
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Source: Tsinghua University, State Council DRC
U.S. Current Level
High Growth Scenario (12%/year)
Low Growth Scenario (8.8%/year)
Veh
icle
Ow
ners
hip
(m
illio
ns)
Background
Car-ownership Growth Private Vehicles ownership is 13 million by year 2004 Government projects that vehicle-ownership will
reach 36 million by year 2010 (MOC, 2005)
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Problems of Urban Transport
Severe Traffic Congestion
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Passengers Trip rate of Tianjing
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
1990 2000
Year
Perc
enta
ge
By Bus By Private Car
Problems of Urban Transport
Mode Speed of Xi'an
0
5
10
15
20
Private Car Bus Bike
Spee
d (k
m/h
)
How to Prioritize the Public Transit Trip rate by Public
Transit reduced Low Operation Speed Low Population rate
In Xi’an City, 110,000 new private vehicles each year; 400 new bus only each year. (MOC, 2005)
Passengers Trip rate of Shanghai
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
1990 2000
Year
Perc
enta
ge
By Bus By Private Car
Passengers Trip rate of Beijing
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
1990 2000
Year
Perc
enta
ge
By Bus By Private Car
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Problems of Urban Transport
CO2 Reducing Crisis
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Problems of Urban Transport
Main Reason: Increased Vehicle Ownership and Trips Rising incomes Increased domestic vehicle production and lower price of
vehicle Low quality of public transit services Urban spatial decentralization
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Critical time for intervention
Fast growth and economic change Massive re-construction in urban areas Huge investments channeled to construction Deficient in scientific support Decision making more transparent and open
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The Recent Policy of Central Government
State Council Office Decree 46 [2005] give priority to urban public transport: Improve the Public Transport (PT)
infrastructure Optimize the structure of PT operation Guarantee the priority use of road for PT Develop the sector reform
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BRT are encouraged as a lower cost rapid transit
solution BRT Benefits:
Efficient usage of urban road resources Save Energy Reduce CO2 Low Investment Easily Construction and short implementation Social Equity
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BRT Systems and Plans in China
At least 10 Chinese cities are actively planning or expanding BRT systems with varying approaches Full-fledged BRT
system Incremental
implementation of BRT elements
Beijing
Kunming
Chengdu
Hangzhou
Ji’nanXi’an
Shenzhen
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Beijing BRT (Source: Beijing BRT Company, 2006)
Southern Axis BRT Line 1 Opened Dec 30, 2005 18 month implementation New Operation Company Low Investment – US$
4million/km infrastructure 15.8km most exclusive
(13.6km exclusive) Center busway and 19
stations New 18m articulated
vehicles, low floor and use diesel
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Beijing BRT (Source: Beijing BRT Company, 2006)
Southern Axis BRT Line 1 Average Daily Boarding -
90,000 (Highest to 200,000+)
Operation Speed – 22km/h in peak hour and 26km/h off peak
Reliable Services – 90% on schedule
Level Boarding Off-board fare collection Flat Fare: US$0.25 (can be
lowed to US$0.04 by monthly ticket)
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Beijing BRT (Source: Beijing BRT Company, 2006)
Southern Axis BRT Line 1 Frequency of service on p
eak is 1 min headway (2-3min off-peak)
Transit Signal Priority Advanced Scheduling Dis
patch System, Automatic Vehicle Location, Passenger Information and video monitoring
Integration with other mode – Metro, Normal Bus Services and Pedestrians
2006 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC) Image Courtesy of Beijing BRT Company
Beijing BRT (Source: Beijing BRT Company, 2006)
Future Plan
阜石路阜石路
安立安立
路路
回龙观居住区
天通苑居住区
南中轴路
南中轴路
亦庄经济开发区黄村
朝阳路朝阳路CBD
中央商务区
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Hangzhou BRT (Source: Hangzhou Mass Transit Group, 2006)
BRT Line B1 Opened April 26, 2006 16 month planning and
construction Government founded 28 km dedicated right
lane with minimal physical separation (bus lane width is 3.5m)
Average station distance – 1.17km
New domestic made 18m articulated vehicles, low floor and use diesel
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Hangzhou BRT (Source: Hangzhou Mass Transit Group, 2006)
BRT Line B1 Average daily boarding
- 40,000 (Highest to 50,000+)
Operation speed – 25km/h
Peak Headway – 3min (5 min in off-peak)
Off-board Fare Collection
Level Boarding Flat Fare: US$0.50
(most IC card user can get 50% discount)
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Hangzhou BRT (Source: Hangzhou Mass Transit Group, 2006)
BRT Line B1 Transit Signal Priority by
SCATS system Advanced Scheduling
Dispatch System, Automatic Vehicle Location, Real-time Passenger Information and Video Monitoring
Three normal bus routes can enter the BRT corridor to provide services, free transfer between BRT Line B1 and K900 normal bus service
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Hangzhou BRT (Source: Hangzhou Mass Transit Group, 2006)
Future Plan
Images Courtesy of Hangzhou Mass Transit Group
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Ji’nan BRT Plan (Source: Ji’nan PWD, 2006)
Proposed Beiyuan BRT Line Star construction on
March 2005, expect to be finished at Oct 2007
Government founded New operation
company 12km exclusive Center busway and 20
station (average 608m distance)
18m articulated vehicles, low floor and use diesel (double-side door vehicle in consideration)
Image Courtesy of Ji’nan PWD
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Ji’nan BRT Plan (Source: Ji’nan PWD, 2006)
Proposed Beiyuan BRT Line Short term design
capacity – 10,000 pdph (20,000 pdph for long term)
Proposed Operation speed – >22km/h
Proposed Reliable services –90% on schedule
Frequency of Service on Peak is 2-5 min headway
Off-board fare collection Level boarding
Image Courtesy of Ji’nan PWD
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Others
Kunming (Spring City) Chengdu (Panda’s
Hometown) Xi’an (Qin-Soldiers’
Hometown) Shenzhen (New-face
of China)Image Courtesy of Cnwest
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Summary
China focus on solving urban transportation problems by improving the Public Transit service
BRT as a form of sustainable urban transport whose cost-effectiveness and flexibility makes it particularly suitable for development in China.
International BRT experience and practice are important to China
It’s time to open the BRT Era in China
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About Us
The China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC) is a non-governmental, non-profit organization founded and supported by The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and The Energy Foundation.
Our Mission is “To help China's cities design and implement sustainable, multi-modal urban transportation systems, particularly bus rapid transit.”
CSTC are working in Beijing, Kunming, Hangzhou, Ji'nan, Xi'an, Shenzhen and Hefei to help develop and implement BRT systems .
Please visit us at http://www.chinastc.org
2006 Copyright © China Sustainable Transportation Center (CSTC)
Thank YouFor your attention