burlington economy

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Burlington Greens, PO Box 4567, Burlington, VT 05401 THE BURLINGTON ECONOMY: A GREEN PERSPECTIVE A Burlington Greens Position Paper 1989 Since 1980 over 20,000 new jobs have been created in the Burlington area. The of cial unemployment rate is at an historic low. Church Street is one of the most popular shopping districts in Vermont: it is, as some would say, vital and  festive. The Pine Street business district is also one of the most productive small enterprise areas in the state. New corporate of ce buildings are lling in Burlington's downtown at' the rate of several a year. The Bank of Boston has come to town. The University of Vermont and area colleges are turning out highly specialized graduates to ll high-wage positions in the city's growing nance and information-based economy. Our boisterous economy along with Burlington's idyllic position on the shore of Lake Champlain has recently gained our city the distinction of being one of the most livable in the United States• But there is a dark side to this recent economic growth. New jobs tend to be either for af uent professionals (the minority) or for relatively poor retail and service workers (the majority). The trend is toward a clearly divided working population: a relative few well-paid high-tech professionals at one pole and a majority of low-wage retail and service workers at the other. Most Burlington residents live in rented apartments or houses. Most cannot afford to buy the city's houses which are reserved for relatively af uent professionals. In retailing, for example, of the 20% heads of households who rent, 69% cannot afford the median rent of a two bedroom apartment and 92% cannot afford to buy a house. And amidst the af uence of the booming economy, Burlington area families made over 11,000 trips to the Emergency Food Shelf in 1988. Church Street as the vital center of our city is largely .devoted to the retailing of luxury goods, not to types of goods, enterprise, and manufacture that will support an economy serving the interests of all the city's residents. There are few remaining neighborhood stores; supermarkets and discount stores have taken over much of the retail economy. We see in our city's economy a growing focus on pro t. Our community is weakened by the continual coming and going of temporaiy residents. Of ce and luxury development is encroaching into all of our neighborhoods. Many people are afraid to leave their doors unlocked.

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8/12/2019 Burlington Economy

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Burlington Greens, PO Box 4567, Burlington, VT 05401

T H E B U R L I N G T O N E C O N O M Y : A G R E E N P E R S P E C T I V E

A B u r l i n g t o n G r e e n s

P o s i t i o n P a p e r1 9 8 9

Since 1980 over 20,000 new jobs have been created in the

Burl ington area. The officia l unemployment rate is at anh i s t o r i c l o w . C h u r c h S t r e e t i s o n e o f t h e m o s t p o p u l a r s h o p p i n gd i s t r i c t s i n V e r m o n t : i t i s , a s s o m e w o u l d s a y , v i t a l a n d  f e s t i v e . T h e P i n e S t r e e t b u s i n e s s d i s t r i c t i s a l s o o n e o f t h e

most product ive smal l enterpr ise areas in the state. Newcorpora te o ffice bu i ld ings a re fi l l i ng in Bur l ing ton 's downtownat ' the ra te o f severa l a year. The Bank of Boston has come totown. The University of Vermont and area col leges are turning

out h igh ly spec ia l ized graduates to fi l l h igh-wage pos i t ions inthe c i ty 's growing finance and informat ion-based economy. Ourbo is terous economy a long wi th Bur l ington 's idy l l ic pos i t ion onthe shore of Lake Champlain has recently gained our city thedis t in ct i on of bei ng one of the mos t l iv abl e in the Uni tedS t a t e s •

B u t t h e r e i s a d a r k s i d e t o t h i s r e c e n t e c o n o m i c g r o w t h .

New jobs tend to be ei ther for affluent professionals ( theminor i ty ) or for re la t ive ly poor re ta i l and serv ice workers ( themajor i ty ) . The t rend is toward a c lear ly d iv ided work ingpopu la t ion : a re la t i ve few we l l -pa id h igh- tech p ro fess iona ls a tone pole and a majority of low-wage retail and service workers at

t h e o t h e r .

M o s t B u r l i n g t o n r e s i d e n t s l i v e i n r e n t e d a p a r t m e n t s o rh o u s e s . M o s t c a n n o t a f f o r d t o b u y t h e c i t y ' s h o u s e s w h i c h a r er e s e r v e d f o r r e l a t i v e l y a f fl u e n t p r o f e s s i o n a l s . I n r e t a i l i n g ,for example, of the 20% heads of households who rent, 69% cannotafford the median rent of a two bedroom apartment and 92% cannotafford to buy a house. And amidst the affluence of the boomingeconomy, Burlington area families made over 11,000 trips to theEmergency Food Shelf in 1988.

C h u r c h S t r e e t a s t h e v i t a l c e n t e r o f o u r c i t y i s l a r g e l y.devo ted t o t he re ta i l i ng o f l uxu ry goods , no t t o t ypes o f goods ,

enterprise, and manufacture that will support an economy servingt h e i n t e r e s t s o f a l l t h e c i t y ' s r e s i d e n t s . T h e r e a r e f e w

remaining neighborhood stores; supermarkets and discount storesh a v e t a k e n o v e r m u c h o f t h e r e t a i l e c o n o m y .

We see in our city's economy a growing focus on profit. Ourcommunity is weakened by the continual coming and going oftemporaiy residents. Office and luxury development isencroaching into al l of our neighborhoods. Many people area f r a i d t o l e a v e t h e i r d o o r s u n l o c k e d .

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A l t h o u g h m a n y p e o p l e , i n c l u d i n g D e m o c r a t s , R e p u b l i c a n s , a n dP r o g r e s s i v e s , a r e d e e p l y t r o u b l e d b y t h e d o w n s i d e o fBu r l i ng t on ' s boom ing ec onomy , t he re has been no s e r i ous pub l i cd i s c u s s i o n o f t h e l i m i t s t o g r o w t h a n d t h e u n d e r l y i n g c a u s e s o f

o u r s o c i a l a n d e c o l o g i c a l p r o b l e m s . T h e u n d e r l y i n g c a u s e s a r e i nt h e v e r y n a t u r e o f t h e f o r c e s d r i v i n g g r o w t h a n d d e v e l o p m e n t .A l l w e h e a r a b o u t a r e s m a l l r e f o r m s , b a n d - a i d s t o m i t i g a t e t h e

c o n s e q u e n c e s o f u n b r i d l e d a n d p r o fi t - o r i e n t e d g r o w t h .U n f o r t u n a t e l y , t h e r e a r e n o s o l u t i o n s t o t h e s e p r o b l e m s w i t h i nt h e c o n s t r a i n t s o f t h e c u r r e n t e c o n o m i c a n d p o l i t i c a l s t r u c t u r e .

T h e G r e e n s r e j e c t t h a t t h e B u r l i n g t o n e c o n o m y i s h e a l t h v .

A n e c o n o m y t h a t i s r a p i d l y d e s t r o y i n g t h e c i t y ' s l a s t n a t u r a l

a r e a s , t h a t i s p o i s e d t o d e v e l o p t h e w a t e r f r o n t t o p r o v i d e m o r ecommerce—as i f Bur l ing ton d id no t have enough commerce a l ready—, t h a t i s d e s t r o y i n g c o m m u n i t i e s t h r o u g h g e n t r i fi c a t i o n , a n d t h a ti s d i v i d i n g t h e c i t i z e n r y o f t h e c i t y i n t o t h e r i c h a n d t h e p o o r

c a n b e t h r i v i n g i n o n l y a v e r y n a r r o w e c o n o m i s t i c s e n s e . T h i st y p e o f g r o w t h e c o n o m y i s a n t i t h e t i c a l t o w h a t s h o u l d b e t h em e a s u r e o f e c o n o m i c h e a l t h ; c o m m u n i t y a n d e c o l o g i c a l w e l l - b e i n g .

We do no t accept tha t economic g rowth and env i ronmenta l

p r e s e r v a t i o n a r e c o m p a t i b l e a n d t h a t t h e e n v i r o n m e n t c a nr e s p o n s i b l y b e t r a d e d - o f f f o r e c o n o m i c b e n e fi t . N o t o n l y w i l lg r o w t h n o t s o l v e o u r p r o b l e m s , i t w i l l l i k e l y e x a c e r b a t e t h e m a st h e l a s t d e c a d e h a s s h o w n . S u c h u n b r i d l e d g r o w t h i s b o t h

s o c i a l l y a n d e c o l o g i c a l l y u n t e n a b l e . A r e - o r i e n t a t i o n , n o tex pans ion o f t he ec onomy i s needed . More s pec i fi c a l l y , we need ar e - o r i e n t a t i o n t o w a r d e c o l o g i c a l a n d d e m o c r a t i c a l l y c o n t r o l l e d

e n t e r p r i s e s . A f e w o f o u r s u g g e s t i o n s f o r i n i t i a l s t e p s t o w a r dm u n i c i p a l i z i n g t h e e c o n o m y f o l l o w i n t h e l a s t s e c t i o n .

I . I N T R O D U C T I O N

T he g row t h ec onomy i s des t roy ing t he ec o logy o f t he p lane ta n d o f B u r l i n g t o n . T h e p o p u l a r m e d i a a r e fi l l e d w i t h s t o r i e sa b o u t t h e d e p l e t i o n o f t h e o z o n e l a y e r , t h e g r e e n h o u s e e f f e c t ,

t r o p i c a l d e f o r e s t a t i o n , a n d t o x i c c h e m i c a l p o l l u t i o n . I nBur l i ng t on t he ec o log i c a l c ons equenc es o f t he g row t h ec onomy a ret h e d e s t r u c t i o n o f w e t l a n d s a n d o t h e r n a t u r a l a r e a s , a i r a n dn o i s e p o l l u t i o n ( l a r g e l y f r o m a u t o m o b i l e s ) , a n d p o l l u t i o n o f L a k e

C h a m p l a i n .

T h e s o c i a l e f f e c t s o f c a p i t a l i s m a r e n o l e s s a l a r m i n g . H u g ew e a l t h i n e q u a l i t i e s , m i l l i o n s o f h o m e l e s s p e o p l e , a n dc e n t r a l i z a t i o n o f e c o n o m i c p o w e r i n r e l a t i v e l y f e w c o r p o r a t i o n sa r e s e v e r a l o f t h e o b v i o u s i n t e r n a t i o n a l r a m i fi c a t i o n s . I n

B u r l i n g t o n , g e n t r i fi c a t i o n i s f o r c i n g a l a r g e s e g m e n t o f t h ep o p u l a t i o n o u t o f t h e c i t y a n d b i g h i g h - t e c h , a r m a m e n t , a n dfi n a n c i a l c o r p o r a t i o n s d o m i n a t e t h e l o c a l e c o n o m y .

An ec onom ic s y s t em p roduc ing t hes e s oc ia l and ec o log i c a l

c o n s e q u e n c e s i s a s y s t e m i n c r i s i s . A t t h e r o o t o f t h e c r i s i sa r e t h e b o t t o m - l i n e a n d g r o w - o r - d i e e c o n o m i c i m p e r a t i v e s .T h e p r o fi t - o r i e n t e d m a r k e t r e q u i r e s t h a t b u s i n e s s e s b e m o s t

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c o n c e r n e d w i t h m a x i m i z i n g p r o fi t a n d g r o w i n g . G e n e r a l l y ,

c o r p o r a t i o n s t h a t m a x i m i z e p r o fi t s a n d e x p a n d a t t r a c t i n v e s t m e n ta n d s u r v i v e ; c o r p o r a t i o n s t h a t d o n o t m a x i m i z e p r o fi t s a n d d o n o t

expand lose shareho lders and e i ther a re taken over by the morep r o fi t a b l e c o r p o r a t i o n s o r s i m p l y c l o s e .

T h e V e r m o n t t r a d i t i o n o f l o c a l s e l f - r e l i a n c e a n d c o m m u n i t y -bas ed ec onom ic s t ha t ex p res s ed t he s oc ia l ob l i ga t i ons one s hou ld

e x p e c t a m o n g n e i g h b o r s h a s v i r t u a l l y p e r i s h e d . T o a l a r g e e x t e n tw e a r e n o t i n c o n t r o l o f o u r o w n d e s t i n y — i t i s d e c i d e d i n

c o r p o r a t e b o a r d r o o m s ( o r , a s o t h e r p o s i t i o n p a p e r s i l l u s t r a t e ,i n t h e o f fi c e s o f g o v e r n m e n t t e c h n o c r a t s ) .

I n t h e d r i v e t o m a x i m i z e p r o fi t s a n d g r o w , h o w e v e r , c r e a t i n g

enough reward ing work f o r ev e ry one ( l e t a l one a l l ow ing peop le t oc r e a t e w o r k f o r t h e m s e l v e s ) , c o n t r i b u t i n g t o c o m m u n i t y c o h e s i o n ,a n d o t h e r w i s e r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e s o c i a l n e e d s o f c i t i z e n s u s u a l l y

d o n o t m a x i m i z e p r o fi t s . T h e s o c i a l g o o d h a s n o v a l u e i n i t s e l f ,o n l y w h e n i t h a p p e n s t o o v e r l a p w i t h p r o fi t s a n d g r o w t h .

I n a d d i t i o n , n a t u r e a l s o h a s n o v a l u e i n t h e c o n v e n t i o n a l

e c o n o m y . T h e r e a s o n i s t h e s a m e . D e s t r o y i n g t r o p i c a l r a i nf o r e s t s a n d w e t l a n d s , d e p l e t i n g t h e o z o n e l a y e r , a n d c r e a t i n g

h e a l t h - t h r e a t e n i n g a i r p o l l u t i o n d o e s n o t l e s s e n p r o fi t s o rh i n d e r g r o w t h . T h e b o t t o m - l i n e t a k e s p r e c e d e n c e .

W E G R E E N S D O N O T B E L I E V E T H A T T H E S E S O C I A L A N D E C O L O G I C A L

CO NSEQ UENCES ARE I NEVI TABLE. We be l i eve t ha t t he econom y can beo r g a n i z e d i n a d i f f e r e n t m a n n e r . W e d o n o t b e l i e v e t h a t p e o p l ew a n t t o l i v e i n a w o r l d c o n t r o l l e d b y t r a n s n a t i o n a l c o r p o r a t i o n s

and a wor l d qu i c k l y bec om ing an ec o log i c a l was t e land . Wet h e r e f o r e p r e s e n t a n a l t e r n a t i v e v i s i o n a n d a n a l t e r n a t i v e

e c o n o m i c , p o l i t i c a l , a n d s o c i a l p r o g r a m t h a t w i l l m o v e u s t o w a r dt h a t v i s i o n . T h e B u r l i n g t o n G r e e n e c o n o m i c p r o g r a m p r e s e n t e dh e r e i s a n e v o l v i n g d o c u m e n t t h a t c e r t a i n l y d o e s n o t c l a i mex c lus i v e ans wers t o a l l p rob lems . T he p rog ram does , howev er ,r e s t o n c e r t a i n g r e e n p r i n c i p l e s t h a t w e t h i n k m u s t b e c e n t r a l t oe c o n o m i c p o l i c y - m a k i n g .

I I . M O R A L E C O N O M Y : F O U N D A T I O N S O F A G R E E N P E R S P E C T I V E

The Greens seek to c reate a moral economy, one that is not

s u b j e c t t o t h e c o l d c a l c u l u s o f t h e b o t t o m - l i n e a n d g r o w - o r -d i e . T h e e c o n o m y m u s t b e s o c i a l l y a n d e c o l o g i c a l l y o r i e n t e d .I t i s n e i t h e r a c c e p t a b l e n o r u l t i m a t e l y p o s s i b l e t o a c h i e v e

e c o l o g i c a l s u s t a i n a b i l i t y w i t h o u t s o c i a l j u s t i c e . A n d w e c a n n o timag ine t ha t an ec onomy c ou ld be s oc ia l l y j us t and ex p lo i t t hee n v i r o n m e n t i n t h e w a y t h a t o u r ' s d o e s t o d a y .

S o c i a l E c o n o m v . T h e c o m p e t i t i v e m a r k e t a n d e c o n o m i c i n s e c u r i t yw e a l l f a c e d o n o t f o s t e r h e a l t h y p e r s o n a l i t i e s a n d c a r i n gc o m m u n i t i e s . I n c o n t r a s t t o t h e c u r r e n t e c o n o m y i n w h i c h p e o p l emat ter only as anonymous workers and consumers in a compet i t ivemark e t , we env i s i on new t y pes o f ec onom ic re l a t i ons h ips i n amora l ec onomy i n wh i c h peop le a re v a lued as c rea t i v e i nd i v i dua l s

w i t h s p e c i a l t a l e n t s a n d n e e d s .

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A mor a l ec o nom y do es no t c on s i s t o f buy e rs and s e l l e r s

c om ing t oge t he r i n anony mous mark e t s . No r does i t mean t ha tev e ry one c an buy c heap goods , no r t ha t p rofi t s a re no t ex c es s i v e .I n a m o r a l e c o n o m y b u y e r s a n d s e l l e r s r e l a t e a s m e m b e r s o f a

c o m m u n i t y i n c o m p l e m e n t a r y r e l a t i o n s h i p s t h a t a r e n o t f o c u s s e d o ni n d i v i d u a l p r o fi t a n d w e l l - b e i n g . A m o r a l e x c h a n g e i s b e t w e e nm e m b e r s o f a c o m m u n i t y ; f a i r a n d j u s t p r i c e s a n d t h e q u a l i t y o f

g o o d s t r a d e d r e fl e c t o n t h e c h a r a c t e r s o f t h e t r a d e r s i n v o l v e d .We be l i ev e t ha t ev en t ua l l y on l y an ec onomy t ha t has rep lac ed t heb u s i n e s s e t h i c w i t h t h a t o f t o e a c h a c c o r d i n g t o h i s o r h e r

n e e d s , f r o m e a c h a c c o r d i n g t o h i s o r h e r a b i l i t y i s w o r t h y o fo u r p o t e n t i a l a s c r e a t i v e a n d c a r i n g h u m a n b e i n g s .

People can cooperate wi th one another , as has been the casei n c o m m u n i t i e s t h r o u g h o u t h i s t o r y , a n d d o n o t n e e d t h e t h r e a t o f

h u n g e r a n d p o v e r t y i n o r d e r t o w o r k , P e o p l e s h o u l d b e f r e e t oc hoos e t he t y pe o f wo rk t ha t mos t c omp lemen t s t he i r i n t e res t s and

a b i l i t i e s a n d n o t b e f o r c e d i n t o d e m e a n i n g j o b s s o l e l y b e c a u s et h e y n e e d m o n e y . T h e p e r h a p s u n p l e a s a n t b u t n e c e s s a r y j o b s t h a ti n e v i t a b l y e x i s t s h o u l d b e s h a r e d i n a f a i r m a n n e r .

On a very p rac t i ca l leve l , t he mora l economy mus t be

d e m o c r a t i c a l l y c o n t r o l l e d . A c o m p a n y c o n t r o l l e d b y s t o c k h o l d e r sc a n n o t p o s s i b l y o p e r a t e i n t h e i n t e r e s t s o f a c o m m u n i t y .Gov e rnmen t ec onom ic po l i c y c rea t ed by c o rpo ra t e c ons u l t an t s andt e c h n o c r a t s a l s o c a n n o t u l t i m a t e l y b e n e fi t l o c a l c i t i z e n s .Ec onom ic po l i c y s hou ld be made democ ra t i c a l l y by a l l t he memberso f a c o m m u n i t y .

Ec o log i c a l Ec onomv . Ec o logy mus t bec ome c en t ra l t o ec onom icp o l i c y . I t i s n o t e n o u g h t o b e f o r t h e e n v i r o n m e n t , a s i f i tw e r e j u s t a n o t h e r c a u s e p r o m o t e d b y a n o t h e r s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t

g r o u p . T h e g l o b a l d i m e n s i o n s o f t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l c r i s i s m a k e i tc lear tha t we depend fo r our very surv iva l on a sounde n v i r o n m e n t . A n d w e a r e d e s t r o y i n g i t .

T he c u r ren t ec onomy dom ina t es na t u re j us t as i t dom ina t esu s . F o r e s t s , l a k e s i d e v i s t a s , c l e a n w a t e r a n d a i r , w e t l a n d s ,a n d o t h e r n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s a r e c u r r e n t l y e x p l o i t e d a n d o f t e n

des t roy ed bey ond rec ov e ry i n a g row t h ec onomy . T he s c a rs t ha ts k i r e s o r t s i n fl i c t o n o u r m o u n t a i n s , t h e s h o p p i n g m a l l s t h a th a v e r e p l a c e d c o m m u n i t y c e n t e r s , a n d t h e i n d u s t r i a l w a s t e s

fl ow ing i n t o Lak e Champ la in a re on l y s y mp t oms o f unb r i d l edec onom ic g row t h .

I ns t ead o f dom ina t i ng and t h row ing na t u re on t o t he mark e t ,t h e G r e e n s a d v o c a t e e n t e r i n g i n t o s y m b i o t i c r e l a t i o n s h i p s w i t hn a t u r e . W e m u s t l e a r n t o w o r k w i t h n a t u r e , t o e n h a n c e i t s

d i v e r s i t y a n d c r e a t i v i t y a s w e l l a s o u r o w n .

We a re on t h i s p l ane t f o rev e r and new ec onom ic d i r ec t i onsa r e n e c e s s a r y . O n a p l a n e t w i t h fi n i t e r e s o u r c e s , w e m u s t u s er e n e w a b l e e n e r g y s o u r c e s a n d o t h e r w i s e i n t e g r a t e o u r a c t i v i t i e si n t o t h e e c o s y s t e m . I n s t e a d o f d o m i n a t i n g a n d s i m p l i f y i n gn a t u r e , w e s h o u l d c e l e b r a t e a n d c o n t r i b u t e t o i t s d i v e r s i t y ,

a b u n d a n c e , a n d b e a u t y .

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I I I . S T E P S T O W A R D A N E W M O R A L E C O N O M Y

Bur l ing ton can on ly do a l im i ted amount on i t s own.Fundamenta l res t ruc tu r ing o f the economy so tha t i t meets humann e e d s a n d c o m p l e m e n t s i n s t e a d o f d o m i n a t e s t h e n a t u r a l

e n v i r o n m e n t w i l l r e q u i r e a g r a s s r o o t s p o l i t i c a l a n d s o c i a lm o v e m e n t t h a t w i l l w o r k t o c h a n g e p o l i c i e s a t a l l l e v e l s o f

g o v e r n m e n t , f r o m B u r l i n g t o n , t o M o n t p e l i e r , t o W a s h i n g t o n . O n eof the first steps is to foster local autonomy and meaningfulg r a s s r o o t s d e m o c r a c y . F o r e x a m p l e , h o m e r u l e i n V e r m o n t s o t h a tt o w n s a n d c i t i e s c a n m a n a g e t h e i r o w n a f f a i r s i s a c r u c i a li m m e d i a t e g o a l .

De-l inking f rom the internat ional market economy is centralto the project of creating a moral economy in Burl ington and inV e r m o n t . B u r l i n g t o n i s c u r r e n t l y e n m e s h e d i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l

e c o n o m y . I n a c a p i t a l i s t i c e c o n o m y , m o n e y ( t h e s t u f f t h a tfaci l i tates exchange and creates wealth) can go anywhere, and i td o e s g o t o w h e r e i t g e t s t h e h i g h e s t r e t u r n o n i n v e s t m e n t . I npractice this means that money goes from Burlington bank accountst o t r a n s n a t i o n a l c o r p o r a t i o n s o p e r a t i n g h i g h - t e c h a s s e m b l y l i n es wea t s hops i n Mex i c o o r t o t he ac c oun t s o f bank e rs fi nanc ingra in fo res t des t ruc t ion in Braz i l o r I ndones ia . Money genera l l ygets the highest return on investment in the most profitable andsocia l ly and ecologica l ly damaging pro jects . I t goes to wherew a g e s a r e l o w e s t , w o r k e r s a f e t y s t a n d a r d s f e w e s t , a n de n v i r o n m e n t a l r e g u l a t i o n s ( i f t h e y e v e n e x i s t ) l e a s t r e s t r i c t i v e .

Money in the in te rna t iona l economy tends to accumula te whereeconomic growth is the fastest and is impeded by the fewestsoc ia l and ecologica l regulat ions. Wi th in the market economy, i ti s impos s ib le t o s t op g row t h and a l l oc a t e res ou rc es i n a mora l

w a y . P r o fi t c o n s i d e r a t i o n s d o m i n a t e . I f B u r l i n g t o n i s t o s t o pg row t h and i t s r u i nous c ons equenc es , i t mus t op t ou t o f t hei n t e r n a t i o n a l m a r k e t .

Very s imp ly , we do no t have cont ro l o f our own loca le c o n o m y . B o t h t h e f e d e r a l g o v e r n m e n t a n d g i a n t c o r p o r a t i o n s h a v ee n o z i n o u s l o c a l i n fl u e n c e . F o r e x a m p l e , t h e m i l i t a r y - r e l a t e d

po r t i on o f t he f ede ra l i nc ome t ax t ha t goes t o Was h ing t on eac hyear f rom Bur l ing ton each year i s more than tw ice the amount we

p a y i n l o c a l p r o p e r t y t a x e s . O n l y a s m a l l p o r t i o n o f t h i s m o n e yc omes bac k t o Bu r l i ng t on i n t he f o rm o f Genera l E lec t r i c a rmamen tc o n t r a c t s a n d m i l i t a r y r e s e a r c h g r a n t s t o t h e U n i v e r s i t y . B u tt h e c e n t r a l i s s u e i s n o t t h a t w e l o s e m o n e y . I t i s t h a t w ec anno t c on t ro l ou r ec onomy .

No t on l y t he f ede ra l gov e rnmen t t ak es wea l t h f r om ou r c i t y .

Burlington banks send our deposits to mega-banks and financiersin Boston or New York—to wherever the money gets the highestr e t u r n o n i n v e s t m e n t . O u t - o f - s t a t e c h a i n s u p e r m a r k e t s a n d

depar t men t s t o res a l s o d ra in wea l t h f r om t he c ommun i t y .

A t t h e s t a t e l e v e l , t h e c u r r e n t D e m o c r a t i c a d m i n i s t r a t i o n i s

f a c i l i t a t i n g t h e c o r p o r a t e c o l o n i z a t i o n o f V e r m o n t . T h e

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I n t e r s t a t e B a n k i n g l e g i s l a t i o n r e c e n t l y p a s s e d i n M o n t p e l i e r a n dr e c e n t r e v e l a t i o n s t h a t t h e s t a t e s p e n d s o v e r o n e - h a l f o f i t si n d u s t r i a l d e v e l o p m e n t f u n d s o n o u t - o f - s t a t e c o r p o r a t i o n s a r e t w o

e x a m p l e s o f t h e s t a t e ' s c o m p l i c i t y .

I V . G R E E N P E R S P E C T I V E O N E C O N O M I C D E V E L O P M E N T

C o n v e n t i o n a l e c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t i s f u n d a m e n t a l l y fl a w e d i nb o t h i t s u n d e r l y i n g a s s u m p t i o n s a b o u t p r o g r e s s a n d i t s p r a c t i c a lr e s u l t s . C o n v e n t i o n a l d e v e l o p m e n t i s g u i d e d b y t h e s t a n d a r d s o ft h e m a r k e t : a r i s i n g G r o s s N a t i o n a l P r o d u c t ( G N P ) , i n c r e a s e di n c o m e l e v e l s , a n d g r e a t e r e m p l o y m e n t a l l c a t e g o r i c a l l y i n d i c a t e

p r o g r e s s . T h e r e s u l t o f b e g i n n i n g w i t h t h e s e a s s u m p t i o n s a b o u tp r o g r e s s i s e c o n o m i c g r o w t h a n d i t s c o n s e q u e n c e s : e n v i r o n m e n t a ld e s t r u c t i o n , t h e p e n e t r a t i o n o f t h e m a r k e t i n t o a l l a s p e c t s o fo u r l i v e s ( e v e n i n t o t h e w o m b , a s i n s u r r o g a t e c h i l d b e a r i n g ) ,a n d h i g h l y s t r e s s f u l a n d c a r e e r - c e n t e r e d l i f e s t y l e s .

Bec aus e c onv en t i ona l dev e lopmen t i s d i r ec t ed by na r rowe c o n o m i c v a l u e s c e n t e r i n g o n t h e m a r k e t , p o l i t i c a l , s o c i a l ,

m o r a l , a n d e c o l o g i c a l c r i t e r i a c a n n o t b e c o n s i d e r e d . T h e G r e e np e r s p e c t i v e o n e c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t l e a d s t o j e t t i s o n i n g t h ec onv en t i ona l s t anda rds . T he GNP g rows whe t he r t he i nc reas ed

produc t ion comes f rom a fami ly fa rm or f rom the c lean-up o f at o x i c w a s t e d u m p o r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f n e w d e v i c e s t o t r e a tc a n c e r v i c t i m s - I n e s s e n c e , a c c o r d i n g t o c o n v e n t i o n a l l o g i c ,t o x i c w a s t e a n d c a n c e r a r e p r o g r e s s i v e b e c a u s e t h e y c o n t r i b u t e t ot h e G N P . I n c r e a s e d i n c o m e i s a n o t h e r i n d i c a t o r o f e c o n o m i c

p r o g r e s s . N o d i s t i n c t i o n i s m a d e , h o w e v e r , b e t w e e n i n c o m e sga ined , f o r ex amp le , f r om p roduc ing G . E . Ga t l i ng guns and t hos eg a i n e d f r o m m o r e s o c i a l l y b e n e fi c i a l o c c u p a t i o n s .

Growth in the number o f jobs as an ind ica tor o f economic

p r o g r e s s a n d w e l l - b e i n g i s s i m i l a r l y m i s l e a d i n g . A c c o r d i n g t oc o n v e n t i o n a l l o g i c , m o r e j o b s a r e g o o d i r r e s p e c t i v e o f t h e i r

p u r p o s e a n d q u a l i t y a n d r e g a r d l e s s o f t h e i r e f f e c t o n t r a d i t i o n a lc o m m u n i t y a n d e c o n o m i c s t r u c t u r e s . J o b s i n l a r g e m a n u f a c t u r i n gc omp lex es , f o r ex amp le , r emov e peop le f r om t he i r c ommun i t i es andc rea t e dependenc y re la t i ons h ips on anony mous c o rpo ra t i ons whov a l u e w o r k e r s a s l i t t l e m o r e t h a n i n t e r c h a n g e a b l e h u m a nr e s o u r c e s .

O u r p o s i t i o n i s n o t t h a t i n c o m e a n d e m p l o y m e n t l e v e l s s h o u l db e i g n o r e d . O n t h e c o n t r a r y , t h e y a r e i m p o r t a n t i n d i c a t o r s o f

u n a c c e p t a b l e i n e q u a l i t y . T h e c l a s s s t r u c t u r e r e fl e c t e d i np o v e r t y a n d p r i v i l e g e s h o u l d b e e l i m i n a t e d . A G r e e n p e r s p e c t i v e ,i n s t e a d o f d i s c o u n t i n g t h e c o n v e n t i o n a l c r i t e r i a , q u e s t i o n s

w h e t h e r t h e y a r e a p p r o p r i a t e m e a s u r e s f o r t r u l y p r o g r e s s i v eeconomic and communi ty development .

T h e c o n v e n t i o n a l i n d i c a t o r s a r e u n a b l e t o i n c l u d e e c o l o g y .T h e d i v e r s i t y a n d b e a u t y o f n a t u r e a n d l o n g - t e r m e c o l o g i c a l

s u s t a i n a b i l i t y s i m p l y h a v e n o v a l u e . C o m m u n i t y , t h e i m p o r t a n c eo f s o c i a l n e t w o r k s , o f n e i g h b o r s , f r i e n d s , a n d f a m i l i e s , i s a l s on o t v a l u e d .

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7

I n f o r m a l e c o n o m i c a c t i v i t y i s a l s o n o t i n c l u d e d . N o n

m o n e t a r y e x c h a n g e , s u c h a s b a r t e r , m u t u a l a i d , a n d o t h e runmeas ured c oopera t i v e work i n a f am i l y o r c ommun i t y c on t ex t i ss u b o r d i n a t e d t o f o r m a l , p r o fi t - o r i e n t e d , a n d m e a s u r a b l e e x c h a n g e

i n t h e m a r k e t . T h e i n f o r m a l e c o n o m y s u p p o r t s v i r t u a l l y a l lf o r m a l ( c o m m e r c i a l ) a c t i v i t y ; C u r r e n t l y , h o w e v e r , w i t h o u th o u s e w o r k , p a r e n t a l c h i l d r e a r i n g , a n d v o l u n t e e r o r g a n i z a t i o n s ,a l l ex amp les o f unpa id and , t hus , no t ec onom ic a l l y v a lued work ,t h e f o r m a l e c o n o m y s i m p l y w o u l d n o t f u n c t i o n . U n d e r s t a n d a b l y ,the in formal sphere is of ten v iewed by people as much more

m e a n i n g f u l t h a n t h e f o r m a l . U n f o r t u n a t e l y , t h e t r a n s f e r o fi n f o r m a l e c o n o m i c a c t i v i t y b a s e d o n p e r s o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s a n dmoral va lues in to the formal economy based on market exchange,

c o m p e t i t i o n , a n d a n o n y m i t y i s p r o g r e s s a c c o r d i n g t o t h ec onv en t i ona l dev e lopmen t mode l .

T h e A l t e r n a t i v e

E c o n o m i c p r o g r e s s i s n o t i n c o r p o r a t i n g e v e r y o n e i n t o t h ef o r m a l w o r k f o r c e a t h i g h s a l a r i e s a n d w a g e l e v e l s ( e v e n i f t h i sw e r e p o s s i b l e ) , p r o v i d i n g p r o f e s s i o n a l c h i l d c a r e , a n d p r o m o t i n g

s p e c i a l i z e d e d u c a t i o n t o h e l p w o r k e r s c o m p e t e i n t h e j o b m a r k e t .

T h e a i m o f e c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t s h o u l d b e t o c r e a t e f r e e d o m :

f r e e d o m t o d e t e r m i n e o n e ' s o w n w o r k s c h e d u l e , t o w o r k

cooperatively with others, to trade witli neighbors with not h o u g h t o f m a x i m i z i n g p r o fi t , a n d t o e s c a p e t h e n e e d t o s e l lo n e s e l f o n t h e j o b m a r k e t . W o r k a n d t h e e c o n o m y g e n e r a l l y s h o u l d

b e d e s i g n e d t o c o n t r i b u t e t o c o m m u n i t y c o h e s i o n , p e r s o n a l

c r e a t i v i t y a n d u n i q u e n e s s , a n d a g o o d l i f e . I n s t e a d o f f o r c i n gus t o o rgan i z e ou r l i v es a round t he mark e t and t he j obs i t

p r o v i d e s , t h e e c o n o m y s h o u l d s e r v e o u r h i g h e s t a s p i r a t i o n s f o rs e c u r e p e r s o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s , a s e n s e o f b e l o n g i n g t o a

c o m m u n i t y , c r e a t i v e s e l f - e x p r e s s i o n , a n d t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t oe x p e r i e n c e t h e d i v e r s i t y o f n a t u r e .

G r e e n S t r a t e g i e s

T h e G r e e n s d o n o t s e e k t o m e r e l y r e f o r m t h e e x i s t i n g

e c o n o m i c s y s t e m a n d c o r r e s p o n d i n g e c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t s t r a t e g i e s

i n o r d e r t o s p r e a d t h e b e n e fi t s o f u n b r i d l e d g r o w t h m o r e f a i r l v .

T h e r o o t s o u r c u r r e n t e c o n o m i c a n d e c o l o g i c a l c i r c u m s t a n c e l i e

d e e p ; i n c r e a s i n g w a g e s a n d c r e a t i n g j o b s t o l e s s e n i n e q u a l i t y a n dp o v e r t y d o n o t r e fl e c t a s t r a t e g y t h a t a d d r e s s e s t h e f u n d a m e n t a lc a u s e s o f o u r p r o b l e m s .

Al though we mus t work w i th in the ex is t ing economic sys tem,p e r h a p s a d o p t i n g i t s l a n g u a g e a n d c r i t e r i a f o r e c o n o m i c w e l l -be ing , in o rder to remedy the mos t abhor ren t consequences o f themark e t ec onomy t oday , we s hou ld no t be l im i t ed by t h i s nec es s i t y .W e s h o u l d n o t b e l i m i t e d b y w h a t i s p r a c t i c a b l e a n d p o l i t i c a l l yf e a s i b l e n o w . A n a l t e r n a t i v e e c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t t h e o r y a n d

p r a c t i c e m u s t b e t h o r o u g h l y s o c i a l a n d e c o l o g i c a l , a n d i t s h o u l dbe f r ee t o go bey ond mark e t p l ann ing . F o rma l meas u res o f

p rogress , such as produc t ion and income leve ls and employment

r a t e s a r e i n a p p r o p r i a t e g u i d e s f o r e c o n o m i c d e v e l o p m e n t .

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The Greens have a dua l economic deve lopment s t ra tegy . Both

p a r t s o f t h e s t r a t e g y a r e d e c i d e d l y p o l i t i c a l a n d s o c i a l : W ebe l i ev e t ha t f undamen t a l s o lu t i ons t o ec onom ic p rob lems c an c ome

o n l y t h r o u g h p o l i t i c a l a v e n u e s a n d u l t i m a t e l y r e q u i r e r a d i c a l l y

new pe rc ep t i ons o f wha t i s o f ec onom ic v a lue t o s oc ie t y .

( 1 ) T h e G r e e n s p r o m o t e c o m b a t i n g t h e w e a l t h i n e q u a l i t y a n du n f a i r l y d i s t r i b u t e d p o w e r a n d p r i v i l e g e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f t h ec u r r e n t c l a s s s t r u c t u r e . I n o r d e r t o a d d r e s s t h e s e p r o b l e m s w ef a v o r p o l i t i c a l r e g u l a t i o n o f t h e e c o n o m y , n o t f u r t h e r e x p a n s i o nof the economy, an expans ion tha t many wrona lv c la im w i l li n c r e a s e e v e r y o n e ' s w e a l t h a n d h e l p e l i m i n a t e p o v e r t y . F u r t h e r

e x p a n s i o n w i l l , i n a d d i t i o n t o p r o b a b l y e x a c e r b a t i n g w e a l t hi n e q u a l i t y , a l s o f u r t h e r u n d e r m i n e e c o l o g i c a l i n t e g r i t y .

S t e e p l y p r o g r e s s i v e t a x a t i o n , d i s b a n d i n g t h e h u g ec o r p o r a t i o n s , p r i c e - c o n t r o l s , t r a d e b a r r i e r s t o p r o t e c t l o c a l a n d

r e g i o n a l i n d u s t r y ( a s w e l l a s t h e l o c a l i n d u s t r y o f o t h e r r e g i o n so f t h e c o u n t r y a n d t h e w o r l d ) , a n d p r o h i b i t i o n s o n t h e m o v e m e n to f l o c a l c a p i t a l o u t o f t h e a r e a a r e s h o r t - t e r m a i m s . A l l

p o l i t i c a l r e g u l a t i o n s h o u l d b e d o n e a s d e m o c r a t i c a l l y a n d a t t h em o s t l o c a l l e v e l a s p o s s i b l e .

( 2 ) T h e G r e e n s w a n t t o e n c o u r a g e r e l a t i v e l y i n f o r m a l a n dnon-mark e t ec onom ic dev e lopmen t . We s eek t o v a l i da t e and p ro t ec tn o n - m a r k e t e c o n o m i c a c t i v i t y a s a n e c e s s a r y m o r a l a l t e r n a t i v e t ot h e p r o fi t - o r i e n t e d m a r k e t . A t t h e c e n t e r o f t h i s s t r a t e g y i s

d e v e l o p i n g s m a l l - s c a l e , d e m o c r a t i c a l l y c o n t r o l l e d m u n i c i p a lc o o p e r a t i v e s . S u c h p o l i t i c a l l y r e g u l a t e d e n t e r p r i s e s c o u l do p e r a t e a c c o r d i n g t o s o c i a l a c c o u n t i n g t h a t v a l u e s s o c i a l a n d

e c o l o g i c a l c r i t e r i a m o r e t h a n b o t t o m - l i n e i m p e r a t i v e s .

THE FOLLOWING FOUR SECTION S, MUNICIPAL BANKIN G, CHANGE S INC I T Y F I N A N C I N G : T H E H O U S I N G Q U E S T I O N , T O W A R D A G R E E N

AGRICU LTURAL ECONOM Y, AND MUNICI PALLY CONTR OLLED COOPER ATIVES,D E S C R I B E E C O N O M I C P L A N K S O F T H E B U R L I N G T O N G R E E N S E L E C T O R A L

P L A T F O R M . O U R I N T E N T I O N I S T O B R I N G B O T H A S O C I A L A N D E C O L O G I C A L

P E R S P E C T I V E T O B E A R O N E C O N O M I C I S S U E S C O N F R O N T I N G O U R C I T Y . W E

S E E T H E S E P R O P O S A L S A S O N L Y T H E F I R S T S T E P S T O W A R D A

M U N I C I P A L I Z E D E C O N O M Y M A N A G E D B Y T H E C I T I Z E N R Y I N F R E E

A S S E M B L I E S . T H E Y S H O U L D B E S E E N A S S T E P P I N G S T O N E S I N T H E

C O N T E X T O F O T H E R P O L I T I C A L A N D S O C I A L C H A N G E S T H A T W O U L D H A V E T OA C C O M P A N Y S I G N I F I C A N T S T R U C T U R A L E C O N O M I C C H A N G E .

M U N I C I P A L B A N K I N G

* * W e c a l l f o r t h e c r e a t i o n o f a c o m m u n i t y - c o n t r o l l e d m u n i c i p a l

b a n k .

A m u n i c i p a l b a n k c o u l d p r o v i d e fi n a n c i a l r e s o u r c e s a n d l o w -i n t e r e s t l o a n s t o l o w - i n c o m e g r o u p s f o r t h e p u r c h a s e ,c o n s t r u c t i o n , a n d r e p a i r o f h o m e s . A d d i t i o n a l l y , c r e d i t c o u l d b ea l l o c a t e d p r e f e r e n t i a l l y t o s o c i a l l y a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l l yr e s p o n s i b l e e n t e r p r i s e s .

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Commerc ia l banks dra in money f rom communi t ies and a l loca te

m o n e y i n o r d e r t o m a x i m i z e p r o fi t , n o t t o m a x i m i z e s o c i a l w e l l -b e i n g . A c h a r t e r e d B u r l i n g t o n m u n i c i p a l b a n k c o u l d o p e r a t e o n an o n p r o fi t b a s i s o r e v e n e a r n r e v e n u e s f o r t h e c i t y . I t s h o u l d b ec o n t r o l l e d b y a d e m o c r a t i c a l l y e l e c t e d b o a r d t o h e l p e n s u r e t h a ti t w o u l d o p e r a t e f a i r l y i n t h e i n t e r e s t s o f a l l B u r l i n g t o n ' sc i t i z e n s . T h e c i t y ' s f u n d s ( f r o m l o c a l t a x e s a n d o t h e r s o u r c e s )c o u l d b e k e p t i n t h e b a n k , w h i c h w o u l d g i v e i t t h e a b i l i t y t o

immedia te ly serve a la rge segment o f t he popu la t ion now unab le tog e t c r e d i t . T h e m u n i c i p a l b a n k c o u l d a l s o a c c e p t d e p o s i t s f r o ma l l r e s i d e n t s i n t e r e s t e d i n c r e a t i n g a l o c a l l y c o n t r o l l e d a n d

s o c i a l l y r e s p o n s i v e e c o n o m y .

C r e d i t f r o m t h e b a n k c o u l d b e a l l o c a t e d a c c o r d i n g t o

p a r t i c u l a r s o c i a l a n d e c o l o g i c a l c r i t e r i a . P r e f e r e n c e c o u l d b eg i v e n t o s m a l l - s c a l e a n d l o c a l b u s i n e s s e s , c o o p e r a t i v e s ,n o n p r o fi t o r g a n i z a t i o n s , l o w - a n d m o d e r a t e - i n c o m e p e o p l e s e e k i n g

home pu rc has e and repa i r l oans , and en t e rp r i s es engag ing i nenv i ronmen t a l l y s ound p roduc t i on . T he bank wou ld a l s o be af u n d i n g s o u r c e f o r m u n i c i p a l l y o w n e d c o o p e r a t i v e s . I n t e r e s tr a t e s c o u l d r e fl e c t t h e a b i l i t y o f t h e d e b t o r t o p a y a n d w o u l d

n o t h a v e t o b e h i g h e r t h a n t h e a m o u n t n e e d e d t o c o v e r t h e c o s t so f a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . T h e r e w o u l d b e n o d i s t a n t s h a r e h o l d e r s

d e m a n d i n g h i g h r e t u r n s .

A B u r l i n g t o n m u n i c i p a l b a n k c o u l d v o l u n t a r i l y a s s o c i a t e w i t ho ther mun ic ipa l banks in Vermont and there cou ld be ana s s o c i a t i o n w i t h a V e r m o n t s t a t e b a n k . A t l e a s t o n e s t a t e . N o r t h

Dakota , has a s ta te -owned bank tha t was founded ear ly th isc e n t u r y t o c o u n t e r t h e e f f e c t s o f b i g c i t y b a n k s f a i l i n g t o s e r v e

t h e n e e d s o f t h e s t a t e ' s r e s i d e n t s .

V I . C H A N G E S I N C I T Y F I N A N C E : T H E H O U S I N G Q U E S T I O N

Bec aus e t he mark e t has f a i l ed t o p rov ide hous ing f o r a l a rge

segment o f Bur l i ng ton 's c i t i zens , the c i t y has the respons ib i l i t yf o r p r o v i d i n g i t . T h i s p r o p o s a l s e e k s t o d i r e c t l y a d d r e s ss ev e ra l unden iab le l im i t s t o c ommun i t y ec onom ic dev e lopmen t ,

i n c l u d i n g t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f m o r e h o u s i n g : t h e r e i s v e r y l i t t l e

o p e n l a n d l e f t i n B u r l i n g t o n ; t h e c u r r e n t l o c a l w e a l t h a n di n e q u a l i t i e s e n c o u r a g e g e n t r i fi c a t i o n a n d t h e e x p u l s i o n o f l o w e r -i n c o m e i n d i v i d u a l s a n d f a m i l i e s f r o m t h e c i t y ; a n d p r o p e r t y t a x e sa r e r e g r e s s i v e i n t h a t t h e y b u r d e n t h e w e a l t h y l e s s t h a nmodera t e - and l ow - i nc ome peop le and ex ac e rba t e wea l t h i nequa l i t y .

P r e s e r v i n g a l i v a b l e e n v i r o n m e n t i n t h e c i t y f o r e v e r y o n es h o u l d b e a p r i o r i t y . T h e f e w r e m a i n i n g t r a c t s o f o p e n l a n ds hou ld no t be dev e loped ex c ep t f o r t he mos t p res s ing s oc ia ln e e d s . N e w h o m e c o n s t r u c t i o n i n B u r l i n g t o n * s h o u l d b e l i m i t e d t ot h a t w h i c h i s a f f o r d a b l e . L u x u r y h o u s i n g i s n o t a p r e s s i n gs o c i a l n e e d . D e p e n d i n g o n t r a d e o f f s a n d c o n c e s s i o n s f r o md e v e l o p e r s t o p r o v i d e a s p r i n k l i n g o f a f f o r d a b l e h o u s i n g w h i l e

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t he l as t open l ands a re e l im ina t ed and wea l t hy enc lav es a rec r e a t e d i s n o t a v i a b l e o p t i o n .

L i k e m a n y o t h e r c i t i e s , B u r l i n g t o n s h o u l d g a i n i t s r e v e n u e sf o r pub l i c p ro jec t s f r om s ou rc es t ha t do no t bu rden t he poo r more

t h a n t h e r i c h . I n s t e a d o f r e g r e s s i v e p r o p e r t y t a x e s , c h a n g e s i nt h e l o c a l t a x s t r u c t u r e s h o u l d s h i f t t h e b u r d e n t o t h o s e w h o c a n

b e t t e r a f f o r d t o p a y . C h a n g e s i n t h e t a x s t r u c t u r e , s u c h a s

p r o g r e s s i v e l o c a l i n c o m e a n d c o r p o r a t e t a x e s , e l i m i n a t i o n o f t h et a x - e x e m p t s t a t u s o f h u g e n o n p r o fi t i n s t i t u t i o n s , s u c h a s t h eMed ic a l Cen t e r , and s pec u la t i on t ax es , wou ld c rea t e a more

e q u i t a b l e p u b l i c fi n a n c e s y s t e m .

I f w e v a l u e a l i v a b l e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r o u r c i t y , w e s h o u l dn o t a c c e p t t h e f u r t h e r d e s t r u c t i o n o f t h e n a t u r a l e n v i r o n m e n t a n d

s e g r e g a t i o n o f t h e c i t y i n t o w e a l t h y a n d p o o r a r e a s i n o r d e r t og a i n s m a l l a n d , u l t i m a t e l y , i n s i g n i fi c a n t t r a d e o f f s f r o mdev e lope rs . New dev e lopmen t s hou ld be f o r t hos e who need i t . Wem u s t a c k n o w l e d g e t h a t t h e m a r k e t i s i n c a p a b l e o f p r o v i d i n g f o ra l l t h e c i t y ' s r e s i d e n t s . G r o w t h w i l l n o t s o l v e o u r h o u s i n g

p r o b l e m s a n d i s n o t c o m p a t i b l e w i t h e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r e s e r v a t i o n .T h e c i t y m u s t m a k e a p o l i t i c a l d e c i s i o n t o t a k e d e c i s i v e a c t i o nt o remedy t he hous ing p rob lem t h rough f und ing t he c rea t i on o fa f f o r d a b l e h o u s i n g w i t h m e c h a n i s m s t h a t f a i r l y d i s t r i b u t e t h eb u r d e n .

V I I . T O W A R D A G R E E N A G R I C U L T U R A L E C O N O M Y

* * W e c a l l f o r a d i r e c t n e t w o r k b e t w e e n f a r m e r s a n d c o n s u m e r s t o

f o s t e r l o c a l a g r i c u l t u r e .

S e r i o u s e f f o r t s s h o u l d g o t o w a r d d e v e l o p i n g y e a r - a r o u n df a r m e r s ' m a r k e t s i n B u r l i n g t o n . P e r m a n e n t s t r u c t u r e s a n d / o rl o c a t i o n s s h o u l d b e e s t a b l i s h e d i n B u r l i n g t o n , f o r e x a m p l e , o nChurc h S t ree t , i n t he O ld Nor t h End , and i n o t he r p l ac es t ha tc i t i z e n s c h o o s e , s o t h a t l o c a l f a r m e r s c a n m a r k e t t h e i r p r o d u c e

d i r e c t l y t o c o n s u m e r s . S i n c e p r o fi t - t a k i n g c o r p o r a t ed i s t r i b u t o r s a n d c h a i n s u p e r m a r k e t s w o u l d b e b y p a s s e d , f a r m e r swou ld rec e i v e a f a i r p r i c e and c ons umers c ou ld pu rc has e h igh -

q u a l i t y p r o d u c e a t a r e a s o n a b l e c o s t .

* * W e c a l l f o r t h e o p e n i n g o f m o r e l a n d i n t h e c i t v f o r c o m m u n i t y

r a r d e n s . F o o d a n d a g r i c u l t u r a l e d u c a t i o n a s w e l l a s t e c h n i c a l

a s s i s t a n c e a r e a l s o n e e d e d .

G a r d e n i n g s u p p o r t s d e - l i n k i n g f r o m t h e u n t e n a b l e g l o b a l f o o ds y s t e m , a l l o w s u s t o p r o d u c e h e a l t h f u l f o o d a t l o w c o s t , a n dp r o v i d e s t h e o p p o r t u n i t y f o r u s t o e n t e r i n t o c r e a t i v er e l a t i o n s h i p s w i t h n a t u r e .

T h e G l o b a l M a r k e t .

T h e c u r r e n t c a p i t a l i s t i c a n d c e n t r a l i z e d a g r i c u l t u r a l s y s t e mi s s o c i a l l y a n d e c o l o g i c a l l y u n t e n a b l e . F a r m l a b o r e r s o n

C a l i f o r n i a - t y p e c o r p o r a t e m e g a - f a r m s m u s t w o r k u n d e r h o r r i b l ec o n d i t i o n s . T h e y a r e s u b j e c t e d t o l o n g h o u r s , u n i o n b u s t i n g ,

p e s t i c i d e p o i s o n i n g , a n d l o w w a g e s .

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M e c h a n i z e d f a r m i n g a n d a r t i fi c i a l f e r t i l i z e r s a r e e r o d i n g

t o p s o i l a n d t u r n i n g w h a t w a s o n c e f e r t i l e f a r m l a n d i n t o b a r r e nw a s t e l a n d . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e f o o d p r o d u c e d i s o f t e n l a d e n w i t ht o x i c c h e m i c a l s a n d d e fi c i e n t i n n u t r i e n t s .

T h e s e s o c i a l a n d e c o l o g i c a l d i m e n s i o n s o f c o r p o r a t e f a r m i n gd o n o t e x i s t m e r e l y b e c a u s e o f r e g u l a t o r y o v e r s i g h t . T h e y a r ef e a t u r e s o f a p r o fi t - o r i e n t e d a n d c e n t r a l i z e d a g r i c u l t u r e

economy. When max imum profi t i s the on ly concern , the mos tminimal human and environmental concerns are easily forgotten.

B u r l i n g t o n c u r r e n t l y d e p e n d s o n t h e g l o b a l f o o d m a r k e t . W eimport f rom al l over the world. The global agr icul tural economyis i nc reas ing ly dominated by t ransnat iona l agr i cu l tu ra l

c o r p o r a t i o n s , s u c h a s C a r g i l l , t h a t , w i t h t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f a l ll e v e l s o f g o v e r n m e n t , a r e f o r c i n g s m a l l f a r m e r s o u t o f b u s i n e s s .The b igges t agr i cu l tu ra l corpora t ions a re earn ing record p rofi ts ,whi le smal l f a rmers are los ing money and we are ge t t ing expens ivea n d o f t e n p o i s o n o u s f o o d i n t h e m a r k e t .

T h e G r e e n A l t e r n a t i v e f o r V e r m o n t .

T h e l a r g e - s c a l e a g r i c u l t u r a l i n d u s t r y c o n t r a s t s g r e a t l y w i t ht h e q u i c k l y d i s a p p e a r i n g V e r m o n t s m a l l f a r m e c o n o m y . I t i s t h i sV e r m o n t a g r i c u l t u r a l h e r i t a g e t h a t w e w i s h t o r e c l a i m a s a na l t e r n a t i v e t o t h e i m m o r a l a n d e c o l o g i c a l l y d e s t r u c t i v e c o r p o r a t ef a r m e c o n o m y .

I f p o l i t i c a l a n d e c o n o m i c b a r r i e r s w e r e r e m o v e d , V e r m o n tc o u l d p r o d u c e v i r t u a l l y a l l t h e f o o d n e e d e d b y i t s c i t i z e n s .R e l a t i v e l o c a l f o o d s e l f - s u f fi c i e n c y i s n o t o n l y p o s s i b l e b u t i tw i l l a l l ow us t o ga in more c on t ro l ov e r how t he f ood i s

p r o d u c e d — t h e e c o l o g i c a l c o n s e q u e n c e s — a n d w h o b e n e f i t s — t h ec o rpo ra t i on o r t he s ma l l f a rmer and c ons umer . We wan t t o c rea t ea n e c o l o g i c a l l y s u s t a i n a b l e a g r i c u l t u r a l e c o n o m y t h a t f a i r l yrewards bo th fa rmer and consumer , and tha t even br ings thec o n s u m e r i n t o d i r e c t r e l a t i o n s h i p s w i t h f a r m e r s a n d w i t h t h e l a n d

t h rough c ommun i t y ga rdens .

V I I I . M D N I C I P A L L Y C O N T R O L L E D C O O P E R A T I V E S

* * W e c a l l f o r m u n i c i p a l l v c o n t r o l l e d c o o p e r a t i v e s t o c o n s t r u c ta l t e r n a t i v e t e c h n o l o g i e s .

N e e d e d a l t e r n a t i v e e c o l o g i c a l t e c h n o l o g i e s i n t h e a r e a s o f

p o w e r p r o d u c t i o n , t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , a n d a g r i c u l t u r e , f o r e x a m p l e ,a r e n o t b e i n g c r e a t e d w i t h i n t h e p r o fi t - o r i e n t e d m a r k e t .

B u r l i n g t o n s h o u l d d e v e l o p a l t e r n a t i v e e n e r g y s o u r c e s , s u c h a ss o l a r , w i n d , a n d m e t h a n e p o w e r . A l t e r n a t i v e s t o a u t o m o b i l e - b a s e dt r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d g r e e n h o u s e s f o r y e a r - a r o u n d f o o d p r o d u c t i o na r e a l s o n e e d e d .

* * W e c a l l f o r t h e f o s t e r i n g o f s m a l l - s c a l e m u n i c i p a l l v c o n t r o l l e d

c o o p e r a t i v e s t o d i s t r i b u t e a n d p r o d u c e g u a l i t v g o o d s i n a c c o r d

w i t h V e r m o n t ^ s r e p u t a t i o n f o r c r a f t s m a n s h i

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As is the case with al ternat ive technologies, many neededp r o d u c t s a n d s e r v i c e s a r e n o t p r o v i d e d f a i r l y t o a l l t h e c i t y ' sres idents w i th in the cur ren t marke t . Mun ic ipa l coopera t i ves , no ts u b j e c t t o t h e s a m e p r o fi t r e q u i r e m e n t s a s c o n v e n t i o n a l b u s i n e s sw o u l d b e a b l e t o f u n c t i o n i n a m o r e s o c i a l l y a n d e c o l o g i c a l l y

r e s p o n s i b l e m a n n e r .

M u n i c i p a l c o o p e r a t i v e s w o u l d b e u n d e r d e m o c r a t i c c o n t r o l .E v e n t u a l l y , c o o p e r a t i v e s a s p a r t o f t h e m u n i c i p a l e c o n o m y w o u l db e d e m o c r a t i c a l l y c o n t r o l l e d b y c i t i z e n s i n f r e e a s s e m b l i e s i nthe in terests of the communi ty as a whole. Munic ipa l izat ion oft he ec onomy t h rough mun ic i pa l c oope ra t i v es , a mun i c i pa l bank , ando t he r meas u res wou ld he lp t o de - l i nk t he Bu r l i ng t on ec onomy f romthe in ternat ional market . This separat ion would help a l low thelocal economy to serve many people who are now excluded f rom thec o n v e n t i o n a l m a r k e t . M u n i c i p a l i z a t i o n w o u l d p r e v e n t w e a l t h f r o ml e a v i n g t h e l o c a l e c o n o m y a n d c o n t r i b u t e t o l o c a l s e l f - r e l i a n c e .Inc reased economic au tonomy wou ld enab le the soc ia l and

e c o l o g i c a l c r i t e r i a t o t a k e p r e c e d e n t o v e r p r o fi t i n e c o n o m i cp o l i c y - m a k i n g .

I n o rde r s ubo rd ina t e t he ec onomy t o s oc ia l c onc e rns ,

Bu r l i ng t on c ou ld , f o r ex amp le , own and ope ra t e a f ood s t o re i nd o w n t o w n B u r l i n g t o n , w h i c h a p p a r e n t l y i s n o t p r o fi t a b l e e n o u g hf o r c h a i n s t o r e s t o u n d e r t a k e , t o s e r v e t h o s e w h o c a n n o t e a s i l y

s h o p a t t h e m a n y s t o r e s o n t h e o u t s k i r t s o f B u r l i n g t o n . I fcorpora te con t rac to rs re fuse to#>u i ld a f fo rdab le hous ing , thent h e c i t y s h o u l d e s t a b l i s h a m u n i c i p a l c o n s t r u c t i o n c o m p a n y t h a twou ld no t be s ub jec t t o t he s ame h igh p rofi t r equ i remen t s andt h a t c o u l d b u i l d q u a l i t y h o m e s a t m i n i m a l c o s t . T h e r e c o u l d a l s ob e g a r m e n t m a n u f a c t u r i n g c o o p e r a t i v e s o p e r a t i n g t o s e r v e t h e

B u r l i n g t o n c l o t h i n g m a r k e t . I n s t e a d o f s u b s i d i z i n g t h eex p lo i t a t i on o f T h i rd wor l d ga rmen t wo rk e rs who work t we l v e hou rsa day in horr id condi t ions, we could produce our c lothes local ly.

On a w ider -sca le , because Bur l ing ton can ach ieve no moret h a n a s e l f - r e l i a n t i n t e r d e p e n d e n c e w i t h o t h e r c o m m u n i t i e s , l o c a l

c o o p e r a t i v e s c o u l d c o n f e d e r a t e w i t h c o o p e r a t i v e s a n d o t h e r c i t i e sand t owns i n o rde r t o bu i l d l i nk ages be t ween ec onom ies ope ra t i ng

a c c o r d i n g t o s o c i a l a n d e c o l o g i c a l c r i t e r i a .

T o o C o s t l v ?

T h e r e i s n o b a s i s f o r c l a i m i n g t h a t m u n i c i p a l i z a t i o n o f t h e

e c o n o m y w i l l c o s t t a x p a y e r s m o n e y . C u r r e n t l y , t h e c i t y l o s e sgreat amounts o f money tha t a re s iphoned ou t o f Bur l ing ton by thec h a i n s t o r e s a n d b a n k s . M u n i c i p a l i z e d b u s i n e s s c a n o p e r a t e

ac c o rd ing t o s ound ec onom ic p r i nc ip l es ; t hey do no t hav e t oo p e r a t e a c c o r d i n g t o c o m m e r c i a l p r i n c i p l e s t h a t r e q u i r e v e r y h i g hp r o fi t s f o r i n v e s t o r s . T h i s h a s s e v e r a l c o n s e q u e n c e s . T h e m o n e ynot s iphoned away by investors can be used to reduce the cost ofc o n s u m e r g o o d s a n d c a n , i f t h e c i t y c h o o s e s , t o fi n a n c e o t h e rs e r v i c e s t h a t a r e n o t a l l o c a t e d b y t h e m a r k e t a t a l l . I n

add i t i on , a l a rge r po r t i on o f t he money s pen t a t and ea rned bym u n i c i p a l c o o p e r a t i v e s w o u l d b e a v a i l a b l e t o r e c i r c u l a t e i n t h eloc a l ec onomy , t hus , c rea t i ng emp loy men t and mak ing t he l oc a l

e c o n o m y m o r e s e l f - r e l i a n t .

8/12/2019 Burlington Economy

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T h a t a m u n i c i p a l i z e d e c o n o m y i s d e s i r a b l e a c c o r d i n g n a r r o wec onom ic t e rms o f c os t and benefi t , howev e r , i s no t t he p r imary

j u s t i fi c a t i o n f o r i t . I t s m o s t i m p o r t a n t a s p e c t s a r e t h a t i sw o u l d b e d e m o c r a t i c a l l y c o n t r o l l e d b y a l l t h e c i t i z e n s a n d t h a t

i t w o u l d f u n c t i o n a c c o r d i n g t o m o r a l a n d e c o l o g i c a l v a l u e si n s t e a d o f v a l u e s c e n t e r i n g o n c o m p e t i t i o n a n d m o n e t a r y g a i n .

S u p p o r t f o r S m a l l B u s i n e s s

I t i s c l e a r l y n o t s m a l l b u s i n e s s e s w e a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n

d i s p l a c i n g b y s o c i a l i z i n g a n d d e m o c r a t i z i n g t h e l o c a l e c o n o m y ,b u t t h e c o r p o r a t e e n t e r p r i s e s t h a t a r e s u b j e c t t o n o n e o f t h ec i v i c r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s t h a t c i t i z e n s o f B u r l i n g t o n f e e l t o t h e

c o m m u n i t y . I n t h e n e a r t e r m , s m a l l b u s i n e s s a n d m u n i c i p a l l yc o n t r o l l e d c o o p e r a t i v e s s h o u l d b e e n c o u r a g e d b y a l l p o s s i b l em e a n s a s a n a l t e r n a t i v e t o c o r p o r a t e d e v e l o p m e n t .

I X . C O N C L U S I O N

W e v i e w t h e s e p r o p o s a l s f o r a l t e r n a t i v e e c o n o m i ci n s t i t u t i o n s a s t h e fi r s t s t e p s t o w a r d a m u n i c i p a l l y c o n t r o l l e d

economy managed by the c i t izenry in f ree assembl ies and guided bym o r a l a s w e l l a s e c o l o g i c a l c o n c e r n s . T h e y a r e n o t m e r e l y

p r a g m a t i c a n d u l t i m a t e l y i n s i g n i fi c a n t a t t e m p t s t o a d d r e s s d e e p -r o o t e d p r o b l e m s .

As w i th o ther Green ana lyses and proposa ls , our economic

p r o g r a m c a n o n l y b e u n d e r s t o o d i n a n e c o l o g i c a l c o n t e x t . J u s t

a s o u r m y r i a d s o c i a l a n d e c o l o g i c a l p r o b l e m s a r e i n t i m a t e l yi n t e r r e l a t e d , s o a r e t h e v a r i o u s e l e m e n t s o f G r e e n p r o g r a m s . W ecannot move toward a moral economy wi thout complementary s teps ino t h e r a r e a s . F o r e x a m p l e , h o m e r u l e , w h i c h w o u l d a l l o w c h a r t e r

changes , and the c rea t ion o f empowered Ne ighborhood Assembl iesa r e c r u c i a l t o t h e p r o j e c t .

O n a m o r e p e r s o n a l l e v e l , w e s h o u l d r e c o g n i z e t h a t t h e

s e l fi s h , e c o n o m i z i n g , a n d s o m e t i m e s m e a n - s p i r i t e d b e h a v i o r o fpeo p le t od ay i s no t i n he r en t i n a unc han g in g hum an na t u r e .E c o n o m i c g r o w t h a n d s e l fi s h c o m p e t i t i o n a r e n o m o r e i n e v i t a b l et han t hey a re pe rmanen t f ea t u res o f ou r s oc ie t y . We a re c apab leo f c o o p e r a t i n g w i t h o n e a n o t h e r a n d r e c o g n i z i n g m o r a l r e s t r a i n t s

t o p r o fi t - m a k i n g a s p e o p l e h a v e d o n e t h r o u g h o u t m o s t o f h i s t o r y .We c anno t de t e rm ine ou r po t en t i a l f o r ec onom ic c oope ra t i on anduns e l fi s h c ommi t men t t o t he we l l - be ing o f ou r c ommun i t y by

n a r r o w l y c o n fi n i n g o u r p e r s p e c t i v e t o a s o c i e t y t h a t i s d o m i n a t e db y a p r o fi t - o r i e n t e d m a r k e t .