I__

I

• • Bullet Trap Feasibility Assessmentand Implementation Plan

U.S. ArmyEnvironmental

Center

Technology IdentificationFinal Report

Report No. SFIM-AEC-ET-96005Contract No. DW398AW9STask Order No. 04-24

Anwoved 1(37 PU01=~ rejiooa0

March 1996

Prepared for:U. S. Army Environmental CenterSFIM-AEC-ETDAberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5401

Prepared by:TRW 19960624 041Systems Integration CGroupOne Federal Systems Park DriveFairfax, Virginia 22033

DloC QU t"X!fY INSPEC TED 1

AEC Form 45, 1 Feb 93 replaces THAMA Form 45 which is obsolete.

DISCLAIMER NOTICE

THIS DOCUMENT IS BEST

QUALITY AVAILABLE. THE

COPY FURNISHED TO DTIC

CONTAINED A SIGNIFICANT

NUMBER OF PAGES WHICH DO

NOT REPRODUCE LEGIBLY.

BULLET TRAP FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENTAND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

3 TECHNOLOGY IDENTIFICATION

FINAL REPORT

i March 1996

IContract No. MDA970-89-C-0019Task Order No. 04-24/00K

Prepared for:I U. S. ARMY ENVIRONMENTAL CENTERSFIM-AEC-ETD3 Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5401

I, Prepared by:TRW

Systems Integration Group. One Federal Systems Park Drive

Fairfax, Virginia 22033

5 Work Order No. DW3983AW9S

i|i,I

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form ApprovedR DOMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing insructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing andreviewing the collection of informaion. Send comments regarding this burden esiimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, Including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate forInformation Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204. Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Proicct (tiT04-01881),Washinghon, DC 20503.1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave Blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

I March 1996 Final - May 1995 - March 19964. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS

Bullet Trap Feasibility Assessment and Implementation Plan -Technology Identification Report

6. AUTHORS(S)

D. D. Evans, R. S. Young

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

TRW Systems Integration Group REPORT NUMBER

One Federal Systems Park DriveFairfax, Virginia 22033

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

U.S. Army Environmental Center AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

SFIM-AEC-ETD SFIM-AEC-ET-96005

Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5401

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Project Officer: Gene L. Fabian 410-612-6847

12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODEUnlimited

Local Reproduction Encouraged

13. ABSTRACT

The U.S. Army Environmental Center (USAEC) is evaluating the feasibility of using bullet traps on standardArmy small arms ranges. Currently on outdoor ranges, shooters fire small arms into earthen berms or far downrange into the soil. This deposits lead and other heavy metals in the soil and may lead to regulatory restrictionson ranges that might include closing the ranges. Bullet traps generally operate through either deceleration,impact or friction to slow and stop the bullet. This Technology Identification Report (TIR) reviews andprovides illustrative figures for eleven friction, five impact, and three deceleration type traps. In addition to an

extensive literature review, numerous site visits were made to discuss bullet traps with range managementprofessionals, commercial manufacturers and subject matter experts. This TIR identifies all known small armstraps that may be applicable to Army small arms ranges based on available manufacturers' performance data.Bullet traps may be a feasible solution to heavy metals build-up in soils currently experienced on Army ranges,if applied within the limits of the design parameters of each trap and the required Army training environment.

14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES

Bullet Trap, Lead, Small Arms, Firing Range, Range, Shooting, Environment, 94

Backstop 16. PRICE CODE

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACTOF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified None

iI

Ii

U

I DISCLAIMER

I This Technology Identification Report represents our best effort to identify all commerciallyavailable bullet traps, and traps capable of being manufactured locally, that can reasonably beused on outdoor small arms ranges. Additionally, these traps must be able to handle US militaryammunition up to .50 caliber.

3Inclusion of a bullet trap in this report does not constitute an endorsement or approval of use ofthat trap. Because live fire testing is not a part of this evaluation, performance data is thatsupplied by the manufacturers. The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this reportI should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision,unless so designated by other documentation. This report may not be cited for purposes ofadvertisement.

iIUIII1i

Ui Table of Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES-1

I 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1

1.1 Background 1-1

1 1.2 Objectives 1-3

1 2.0 LITERATURE SEARCH 2-1

2.1 Methodology 2-1

52.2 Preliminary Screening Criteria 2-3

2.3 Identification of Technologies 2-4

3.0 BULLET TRAP DESCRIPTIONS 3-1

3.1 Bullet Trap Technology Descriptions 3-2GranTrap 3-2Total Entrapment Composite (TEC) 3-3

• Thunder Ranch portable trap 3-4SLamella 3-5Passive Bullet Trap - OP96 3-6Total Containment Trap (TCT) 3-8Granular Trap 3-9

- Railroad Ties or Log Piles 3-10Sand Trap 3-11Water Trap 3-12

SRubber Blocks 3-13Wax/Plastic Blocks 3-14Escalator Trap 3-15Steel Louvers with Sand Bed 3-16Tires 3-17Shock Attenuating Concrete (SACON) 3-18REGUPOL 3-19

SSRI R493 3-20Elastomeric Granular Screen 3-21

I 4.0 CONCLUSIONS 4-1

I 5.0 REFERENCES 5-1

I 6.0 MANUFACTURER'S LITERATURE 6-1

U

IEXECUTIVE SUMMARY

TECHNOLOGY IDENTIFICATION REPORTBULLET TRAP FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

I Numerous Department of Defense small arms ranges have the potential to build up lead and othermetals in soils. In some cases, those inorganic constituents may become mobile and migrate tosurface or groundwater. The U.S. Army Environmental Center (USAEC) is seeking ways toreduce the potential of off-site migration of lead and other heavy metals thus reducing thepotential impact on the environment at these ranges.

Bullet traps may provide a means to recycle the projectile material and prevent the contaminationof the range and the environment. The bullet traps would also mitigate the excessive soil erosionI experienced on outdoor ranges caused by the impact of the projectiles. In addition, bullet trapsreduce or eliminate safety problems caused by ricochets off natural or other materials on currentranges. Bullet traps, which are designed to capture bullets fired into limited cross-sectionalI areas, are currently being developed and marketed by independent commercial vendors and mayrepresent a feasible solution for some types of firing ranges. This Technology Identification

i Report (TIR) reviews the bullet trap technologies that are currently available.

A computerized literature search was conducted to identify potentially applicable bullet traptechnologies for use on outdoor ranges. Also, military installations were visited and nationallyrecognized experts were contacted to identify sources and types of bullet traps. Table ES- 1presents a summarized description of the identified bullet trap technologies.

Although most existing bullet trap designs are created for indoor applications, environmental

concerns and demands of the marketplace have encouraged several major manufacturers tomodify their traps for outdoor use. Bullet traps can be grouped into three broad categories,"deceleration, impact, and friction, though there is some blurring of the dividing line.Deceleration traps use a circular or helical chamber to allow the bullet to spin inside until it has3 shed sufficient velocity to drop through a recovery port in the bottom.

Impact traps include those such as the traditional steel or armor plate, concrete backstops, orother materials whose function is to cause the bullet to fragment or to be directed into acatchment area. Their advantages are that they are generally inexpensive to construct, lowtechnology, reasonably durable, and require little maintenance. The disadvantages are that theycause bullet fragmentation, with the consequent lead recovery and disposal problems, areessentially immobile, and can contribute to ricochets.

Friction traps include a variety of traps from the earthen berm, to some very esoteric designs.These traps cause friction on the surface of the bullet, slowing its flight and bringing it to a stopwithin a defined distance. Their methods and materials vary widely, as is shown in the followingdescriptions. The advantages of friction traps are that they generally capture the bullet intact,though with varying degrees of deformation and can be more easily tailored to the mission.Disadvantages are that they generally require more maintenance, and are more expensive toconstruct, though some types are promoted as being the lowest cost of all categories.

I3 ES-1

II

A number of indoor designs, such as the Passive Bullet Trap at the new National RifleAssociation indoor range in their headquarters in Virginia, are quite innovative, but also quiteI expensive. Most companies who list themselves in trade publications or compendia such as theThomas Register, are really assemblers of other companies' materials or are target not bullet trapmanufacturers. Those who are true bullet trap manufacturers are few and do not advertiseI widely. Consequently, they are hard to discover. To date the market had been rather limited andnot able to support large numbers of manufacturers. In the past, the dominant designs were of thedeflection type and therefore easy to manufacture locally. Due to an abundance of land, mostI shooters could travel a short distance from home to fire on an outdoor facility backed by aearthen berm; therefore, demand was limited. A worldwide search was conducted to includeCanada, Scandinavia, western and eastern Europe, Japan, Korea, Australia and New Zealand. Ofthe foreign countries investigated, only Germany, Italy and Switzerland had manufacturers.Some of the traps that have been investigated appear to be viable candidates for someapplications on Army outdoor small arms ranges. However, manufacturer's performance claimsshould be verified by demonstration under operational conditions to provide objective data on thetraps ability to contain or prevent the spread of heavy metals on the range as well as thedurability, maintenance requirements, effects on training, life-cycle cost, and utility of thesetraps.

3I'

I3IIIIII3 ES-2

I

Table ES-1. BULLET TRAP DESIGNS

Trap Manufacturer Type Design BallisticsGranTrap Caswell Friction Recycled tire .50 cal. and

granules smaller

TEC Range Masters Friction Shredded tire 7.62 NATObonded in blocks and smaller

Thunder Ranch Action Target Impact Armor back with HandgunLinatex front

Lamella Caswell Friction Conveyor belt .50 cal. andstrips smaller

Passive Bullet Savage Range Deceleration Helical chamber .50 cal. andTrap - OP96 Systems smaller

TCT Action Target Deceleration Helical chamber 7.62 NATOand smaller

SGranular Trap Capito & Friction Rubber granules .50 cal. andAssenmacher smaller

SLogs or Railroad None Friction Piles of ties or .50 cal. andTies logs smallerSand Trap Various Impact Angled plate w/ 7.62 NATO

sand box and smallerWater Trap Various Impact Angled plate w/ 7.62 NATO

water trough and smallerI Rubber Blocks Various Friction Solid rubber 7.62 NATO

blocks and smallerWax/Plastic Various Friction Wax or 7.62 NATOBlocks polyurethane and smaller

blocksEscalator Various Impact Multiple angled 7.62 NATO

plates and smaller

Steel Louver Various Impact Steel louvers and 7.62 NATO3 sand box and smallerTires None Friction Stacked tires 7.62 NATO

and smallerSACON Waterways Friction Shock 7.62 NATO

Experiment Station attenuating and smallern_ _ concrete

REGUPOL Berleburger Friction Polymer elastic HandgunSchaumstoffwerk

R493 Shooting Ranges Deceleration Helical chamber 7.62 NATOInternational and smaller

Elastomeric Societa FRA.SA Friction Stable granular 7.62 NATO3 Granular Screen mound and smaller

5 ES-3

IIII

SECTION 13TINTRODUCTION

1- 1.1 Background

I_ Numerous Department of Defense (DOD) small arms ranges have the potential to build up leadand other metals in soils In some cases, those inorganics may become mobile and migrate tosurface or ground water. The Army currently operates approximately 1400 outdoor small armsI ranges in the Continental United States (CONUS). The Navy operates approximately 270outdoor small arms ranges (including Marine Corps ranges) and the Air Force operatesapproximately 200 outdoor small arms ranges. The U.S. Army Environmental Center (USAEC)is seeking ways to reduce the potential for off-site migration of lead and other heavy metals thusreducing the potential impacts on the environment at these ranges.

An effective technology for destroying lead and other heavy metals deposited in soil does notexist. Techniques that limit the volume of heavy metals deposited in the soil will providesignificant cost avoidance if these sites require some type of response action. Theimplementation of bullet traps will limit or prevent the build-up of heavy metals in soils.

3 This report identifies and describes commercially available outdoor bullet traps that capture and"contain small arms projectiles.. These devices may provide a means to recycle the projectilematerial and prevent the build-up of heavy metals in the soil on the range. Bullet traps may alsoI mitigate the excessive soil erosion experienced on outdoor ranges caused by the impact of therounds. Erosion control and soil stabilization on the ranges may help prevent the migration ofexisting heavy metals off range and may help alleviate the recurring costs of land rehabilitationon the ranges. In addition, bullet traps may reduce or eliminate safety problems caused byricochets on existing ranges. Bullet traps may represent a feasible solution for some types ofI firing ranges.

1.2 Objectives

The overall objectives of this project are to assess the feasibility of using bullet traps on Armyoutdoor small arms ranges and to develop an implementation guidance document for the use ofbullet traps on various types of outdoor training ranges.

To meet this objective the following principal technical tasks were performed:

II1 1-1

I

£ Identify and describe existing, commercially available bullet trap designs.

1 Study the various types of training missions and their associated range designs and develop

functional and mission specific operational evaluation criteria for various range designs.

0 Assess the feasibility of using each of the bullet trap designs previously identified. The bullettrap designs will be evaluated using the functional and mission specific operational criteria.Once the bullet trap designs have been evaluated, those that are considered to be the mostapplicable for use on outdoor ranges will be identified. Only the bullet traps that can be usedon a range without compromising the conditions necessary for effective training will berecommended for use. Possible modifications to existing bullet trap designs will beidentified which will permit the bullet traps to be used on outdoor ranges without impactingtraining objectives. The specific range types for which there are no feasible commercialbullet traps available will be identified. Possible methods of capturing the rounds forj recycling in these cases will be identified and discussed for possible future study.

* Develop an implementation guidance document that integrates feasible bullet trap technologywith training doctrine.

This report identifies and describes existing, commercially available bullet trap designs foroutdoor small arms range use. This report will serve as a compendium of currently availablebullet trap technologies for evaluation for use on Army outdoor small arms ranges. Section 2 ofthis report describes the investigation process used by TRW, Inc. to identify available bullet traptechnologies. Section 3 describes and discusses the identified bullet trap technologies.Conclusions and recommendations are presented in Section 4.

IIII

I

I3 1-2

U

SECTION 2

LITERATURE SEARCH

Section 2 contains a listing of databases and keywords used to conduct the literature search foravailable bullet trap technologies. Preliminary screening criteria and the identified technologies3 are included. The results of site visits to Army installations are included. These visits yieldedinsights into factors to be considered in bullet trap use on Army ranges.

i 2.1 Methodology

In order to identify the available technologies for capturing bullets, a search of the research andtechnical literature was conducted through the following electronic databases:

TRW's Electronic Collateral Support System (ELCSS)-- DataTimes

Knight-RidderDefense Technical Information CenterComputer SelectNational Technical Information Service (NTIS)Thomas RegisterI Dun's IdentifierTrade and Industry Index

-= Dialog

These sources also included foreign publications. Some of the services, such as DataTimes,3 Dialog, and ELCSS were a compendium of numerous publication databases. ELCSS, forexample, searches more than 300 databases and Dialog more than 450. Numerous searches ofthe Internet were made and the National Rifle Association Range Technical Operations Team3_ was contacted for information. Several Jane's volumes were referenced also. Boolean logic wasused in the searches so that hits would be obtained even if only a part of a key word or term wasfound. For example, if bullet and trap were used, hits would be generated if bullet, bullets, trap,

-- traps, or bullet trap were found. It was felt this provided greater coverage even though manual"review of each citation was needed. Key words used in the electronic searches were:

a bullet trapsmall arms rangefiring range

i shooting rangetraining rangerifle rangebermoutdoor range"small arms" plus environment cleanupstopping bulletslead trap

i3- 2-1

I

The results of each set of searches were compared with previous ones to eliminate duplicates.Little was found on the subject of bullet traps or bullet trap design even though numerous "hits"were obtained in the searches. For example, a search on "bullet trap" yielded 85 hits, but withthe exception of several articles on the purchase of Passive Bullet Trap by Challenger

I International, the articles dealt with an Israeli-developed rifle grenade called the bullet trap riflegrenade. This is illustrative of the problems encountered with the literature search. The hits hadto be manually reviewed and most contained little useful information. Almost all information'I was obtained via personal connections or referrals. There is very little in the published literatureon bullet traps, either indoor or outdoor, and virtually nothing on bullet traps for militaryapplications.

A number of Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) and Forces Command (FORSCOM)installations were visited to understand the types of ranges used, the training requirements, rangeI operation, and maintenance approaches. These visits were performed to develop evaluationcriteria for the second principal task outlined in Section 1.2. However, two of the installations,Fort Drum and Fort Knox, were experimenting with bullet traps and were able to providevaluable leads for identifying bullet trap technologies. Fort Drum has installed a Caswell lamellatrap on a 25 meter range (Fig. 3.2.4) primarily to prevent rounds from leaving the range and toprevent erosion. Fort Knox installed a series of log walls on a field fire range that had no bermto prevent rounds from escaping the range (Fig. 3.2.8). Thunder Ranch, a commercial firearmstraining school, was also visited to look at their innovative bullet trap design and to discuss theproblems of using bullet traps without impacting training effectiveness or realism. ThunderRanch needed a target/trap combination that was portable, but needed only to stop handguncalibers (Fig. 3.2.3).

Every source found to offer information on bullet traps was further pursued. The rather limitedresults of the literature search were digested and any leads followed. All personal or professionalI referrals were followed up with phone calls to potential manufacturers and designers. Contactswere made with the Marine Corps, FBI, and local law enforcement for names of knownmanufacturers. Several nationally recognized experts, such as Russell Friedline of the National

I Rifle Association Range Technical Team were consulted. Additionally, Loren Kramer, LarryTilton, and Craig Copious donated their time to answer questions, offer suggestions, and point toyet more sources. The military attaches at U.S. embassies in the United Kingdom, Italy, France,U Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Canada, and Israel were contacted for assistance in identifyingforeign manufacturers of bullet traps. These efforts were combined with the results of literaturesearches and personal and phone interviews to produce the list of traps contained in thisdocument.

I

3 2-2

!5 2.2 Preliminary Screening Criteria

General Army requirements were discussed in general terms with the bullet trap manufacturers toaid in identifying prospective bullet traps for use on outdoor military ranges. The requirementswere used for bullet trap identification and data collection only. Bullet traps were not eliminatedfrom further consideration in this report based on the preliminary screening. Evaluation criteriafor the bullet traps will be fully developed and discussed in a separate report.

Preliminary screening criteria were driven by the Army's requirements and other factors, such asinstallation and life cycle cost, maintenance requirements, effectiveness in both trapping bulletsand preventing lead migration into the environment, and impact on training effectiveness andrealism. The bullet traps must be useable outdoors under inclement weather conditions. Anumber of innovative bullet traps are currently available for indoor range use. The manufacturersof these traps have developed modified versions of their indoor traps for outdoor use. However,,performance data from outdoor use of these traps is limited in most cases. In these cases,available data from the bullet traps indoor use will be used to help evaluate the traps.

iIIII!III

I3 2-3

l

2.3 Identification of Technologies

Based upon the literature and technology searches described in Section 2.1, the bullet trapsI identified were:

S * GranTrap

I * Total Entrapment Composite (TEC)

S* Thunder Ranch

I- * Lamella

S* Passive Bullet Trap - OP96

I * Total Containment Trap (TCT)

_* Granular Trap

I * Railroad Ties or Log Piles

S* Sand Trap

I * Water Trap

S* Rubber Blocks

* Wax/ Plastic Blocks

S* Escalator Trap

I* Steel Louvers with Sand Bed

S* Tires

I* Shock Attenuating Concrete

S* REGUPOL

I* SRI R493

S* Elastomeric Granular Trap

USAEC wanted no traps eliminated from consideration based on this report. All of the traps willbe evaluated after evaluation criteria have been developed. A description of each of the traps isincluded in Section 3.

IIIU3 2-4

SECTION 3I- BULLET TRAP DESCRIPTIONS

U Bullet traps are intended to perform one major function, stop bullets from traveling any furtherdownrange. They do this by a variety of methods and designs, most of which will be described3 in categorical terms in the balance of this section. In the past, the only consideration was to findthe lowest cost solution that would stop the bullet. For this reason, most were earthen berms.With the advent of specialized training, indoor ranges, and environmental awareness, the quest

ii for other methods gathered momentum. Factors in choosing bullet traps include its utility forrestricted space, safety, environmental impact, and disposal requirements. This document doesnot provide an analysis of the various bullet trap designs, but it does provide a technical

ii description and manufacturer's data to permit the reader to make a choice based upon theirunique requirements. Costs are not included at the request of the manufacturers. A number ofbullet traps and bullet trap manufacturers were identified. Many of the bullet trap designs wereI very similar. For example, one rubber composite block bullet trap offered by a British firmappears to be basically the same as that of a US manufacturer, Range Masters, with the exception5 of the presence of recovery channels in the Range Masters trap

Bullet traps can be grouped into three broad categories, deceleration, impact, and friction, thoughthere is some blurring of the dividing line. Deceleration traps use a circular or helical chamber toallow the bullet to spin inside until it has shed sufficient velocity to drop through a recovery portin the bottom.

Impact traps include those such as the traditional steel or armor plate, concrete backstops, orother materials whose function is to cause the bullet to fragment or to be directed into acatchment area. Their advantages are that they are generally inexpensive to construct, lowtechnology, reasonably durable, and require little maintenance. The disadvantages are they causebullet fragmentation, with the consequent lead recovery and disposal problems, are essentiallyimmobile, and can contribute to ricochets.

3 Friction traps include a variety of traps from the lowest, yet probably the most effective,technology, the earthen berm, to some very esoteric designs. These traps cause friction on thesurface of the bullet, slowing its flight and bringing it to a stop within a defined distance. Theirmethods and materials vary widely, as is shown in the following descriptions. The advantages offriction traps are that they generally capture the bullet intact, though with varying degrees ofdeformation and can be more easily tailored to the mission. Disadvantages are that theygenerally require more maintenance, and are more expensive to construct, though some types arepromoted as being the lowest cost of all categories.

IiI3 3-1

* 3.1 Bullet Trap Technology Descriptions

5 Bullet Trap: GranTrap

Manufacturer: Caswell International Corp.I 1221 Marshall St. NEMinneapolis, MN 55413

* Method: Friction

3 Ballistics: .50 cal. and smaller

Construction: The GranTrap is a large vertical box comprised of a steel frame with aU steel backplate and steel or plywood sides. The front is a sheet of materialthat is identical to the large conveyor belts used in mines. The interior ofthe trap is filled with a clean, granulated, recycled tire material. There is a5 containment tray at the bottom front of the trap to collect bullets.

Capacity: Manufacturer claims 50,000+ rounds

Installation: 2 days, exclusive of site preparation. A level concrete pad is typicallyS required for installation of the trap.

Maintenance: Monthly is recommended. Caswell uses a two stage vacuum/blower toseparate the GranTex from the bullets in the collection trough at the frontI of the trap, recycling the GranTex material back in the top of the trap.Bullets are generally intact. Frequent patching of the rubber facingmaterial with sheets of rubber is required. The sheet rubber patch isinstalled with small screws.

Description: The bullet penetrates the front sheet and is halted, generally within the first12 inches, by the granulated material. As succeeding bullets impact thetrap, the preceding bullets are shaken down the column of granulatedI_ rubber and gather at the bottom in a trough where they can be collectedand recycled. There is leakage of GranTex from several locations on thetrap, but it is most noticeable at the point where bullet impact has chewedthrough the front strap. Even though a patch is placed over the hole,leakage still occurs. This is a licensed technology from Germany.

IIU3 3-2

II

CLC

CO) .6-

(U CD(3 L. ) CoLu r.

3 >.0 a E

Z: L-

IL 0

IBullet Trap: Total Entrapment Composite (TEC)

Manufacturer: Range Masters, Inc.199 Coon Rapids Blvd.Suite 304Coon Rapids, MN 55433

Method: Friction

I Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

"Construction: The TEC system consists of a set of large blocks molded from shredded,-- recycled tires in a matrix of Kevlar® reinforced bonding mixture. The

blocks weigh approximately 60 pounds each and measure about 30 x 12 x3 9 inches. The trap consists of a block matrix held in place by use ofjacking straps tightened to prevent any movement under impact. Theblocks are elevated on a platform which has an inclined plane underneathto cause trapped bullets to roll into a collection tray. The platform isprotected from stray rounds by ground baffles made of the same blocks asthe bullet trap. The appearance of the block is similar to an oversizedU. cinder block. Because of its modular construction, this trap is flexible indesign, and can be arranged in various height, width, and depth

* combinations to provide a larger backstop if desired.

Capacity: The manufacturer claims 10,000 to 20,000 round before the block needs to3_ be rotated, depending upon the type of ammunition used.

Installation: 4 hours, exclusive of site preparation. A level concrete pad is typically3 required for installation of the trap.

Maintenance: Inspect weekly and recover bullet from recovery tray. Rotate blockpositions within the trap as wear becomes evident, probably monthly, tomaximize life of the trap.

I Description: The interior of each block has recovery channels molded into it, allowingspent bullets to drop to the recovery area. The positioning of the recoverychannels can be customized for the type of ammunition used. PlasticI channel strips are inserted between blocks to more effectively channelspent rounds into the collection tray. The fired round penetrates the frontof the block, shedding velocity until it hits one of the recovery channels,where it falls into the collection tray. Particulates of the rubber compoundalso fall out the recovery channels, but not in great quantities. Recovery3 and recycle of the bullets is a matter of emptying the recovery tray. Bulletsare generally intact.

II 3-3

I,

II

I RecoveryChannelsU

Steel3 _ Backer Plate

I _ _ 11 _I_ _

____ ____ ____ ____Recovery

System

Ground13Baffles 088-01100.12-95

3 Figure 3.2.2 Range Masters, Inc. Total Entrapment Composite

Ii

3 Bullet Trap: Thunder Ranch portable trap

Manufacturer: Action Target (assembled on-site)I P.O. Box 636

Provo, UT 84603

i Method: Impact

3 Ballistics: Handgun ammunition

Construction: The Thunder Ranch trap is an evolution of a design that, in one form or3 another, has been at a variety of training sites. The trap consists of 2 x 4lumber legs, approximately 6 ft. in height. The back is a 14 inch armorplate, 30 in. wide by 48 in. high, held in place by lag screws. On the front3 of the trap is a sheet of Linatex, a self sealing material similar to that inmilitary fuel tanks. On top of the Linatex is a plywood sheet on which thetarget is mounted. A piece of cardboard could also be used, as the

I plywood is primarily for cosmetics and insurance against fragmentspenetrating the Linatex near the end of its useful life. Around the interior

* perimeter is angle iron to deflect bullet fragments.

Capacity: Approximately 3,000 rounds before recommended emptying of bulletfragments. Life of the Linatex barrier will depend on the type ofammunition used, but is expected to be at least 10,000 rounds.

Installation: Minutes, exclusive of trap construction. The trap can be moved by twopeople.

Maintenance: Thunder Ranch inspects all traps weekly, cleaning as needed, generallymonthly.

Description: The bullet pierces the target and trap facing and hits the Linatex. TheLinatex stretches but is not penetrated until the bullet contacts the armorplate and fragments. The Linatex snaps back and seals, forming a barrier3to the bullet fragments. The fragments fall to the bottom of the trap forcollection. It is believed that by replacing the 2 x 4 legs with 2 x 6's, thelife of the Linatex barrier could be extended by up to 50 percent.Ammunition other than standard ball ammunition, such as hollowpoint,wadcutter, or frangible rounds, tends to cause accelerated wear of theLinatex.

III 3-4

If C')

CL

IcULC\

I .0C0

COa

XL cz0) CUfI~ aM

cao-9J

-j)

IBullet Trap: Lamella

Manufacturer: Caswell International Corp.1221 Marshall St. NEMinneapolis, MN 55413

IMethod: Friction

Ballistics: .50 cal. and smaller

Construction: The lamella trap consists of a series of strips of recycled industrial3 conveyor belts, about 10 feet long, hung in a herringbone pattern with theside to the shooter. The length of the conveyor belts can be varied to suitthe intended use of the trap. In addition, a smaller version of the trap,3approximately 3 feet square is placed immediately behind the target and infront of the main trap to slow the rounds and reduce wear on the main trap.

UCapacity: Manufacturer claims at least 50,000 round before replacement of thelamella strips.

SInstallation: Depends upon the size desired. A 110 foot wide trap took 15 man days toinstall at one range. A level concrete pad is typically recommended by the3• manufacturer for installation of the trap.

Maintenance: The lamella strips are replaced individually as necessary, and the 3-footmini-traps are placed to concentrate wear onto an easy to repair module.The trap should be inspected monthly during moderate use and bi-weeklyunder heavy use.

Description: The bullet penetrates successive layers of the strips until it sheds itsvelocity and falls to the bottom of the trap. The bullets sometimes imbedthemselves in the strips or, more often, fragment. As the individuallamella strips wear, they can be quickly rotated to other locations withinthe trap that receive less fire and the strips from those locations moved tothe high volume areas. The trap was effective in tests against all types ofsmall arms up to .50 caliber. This is a licensed technology from Germany.

IIIII 3-5

*n 0

EE

(a

Ir-

(D .

cu'

Ea

* -j

IBullet Trap: Passive Bullet Trap - OP96

Manufacturer: Savage Range Systems, Inc.100 Springdale Rd.Westfield, MA 01085

I Method: Deceleration

Ballistics: .50 cal. and smaller

Construction: The OP96 is a three piece, helical deceleration chamber with steel plates* top and bottom in front set at an angle of 12 degrees from horizontal to

deflect the bullet into the trap. An injector introduces a fine spray of waterand water-soluble oil at the point of entry into the deceleration chamber tocoat the bullet. The bullet spins around the chamber until it runs out ofvelocity and it slides backward to drop through a slot in the bottom of thetrap into a collection tray. The unused spray is recycled back into aIreservoir which feeds the injector. The initial contact portion of the trapitself is bolted on to allow for easy removal and replacement as it wears or

* as different ammunition types are captured.

Capacity: Depends upon the type of ammunition being fired and the capacity of thecollection tray. Up to 25,000 rounds between emptyings of the collectiontray can be handled before there is the beginning of a danger of backing upinto the trap.

I Installation: Installed in modular units by the manufacturer. A level concrete pad is

typically required for installation of the trap.

Maintenance: Collection tray and spray reservoir should be checked weekly andmaintained as needed. The initial contact portion of the trap is anticipatedto last for at least 250,000 rounds.

Description: The OP96 is based on a centrifugal deceleration principle. The fired roundis directed into the mouth of the trap by two angled collection platespositioned at an angle of 12 degrees from the horizontal. The round thenspins around in a circular path inside the trap until it loses velocity. It thendrops down into a collection container. The trap comes in both indoor andoutdoor designs. In the indoor version, the contact surface of thecollection plate is washed with a fluid consisting of water, mineral oil, andethylene glycol. This serves the purpose of a lubricant and suppresses leaddust thereby reducing the respiratory hazard to shooters and rangemaintenance personnel. The wash fluid is filtered and recycled back overthe collection plate. In the outdoor version, the collection plates are notwashed with a fluid. Instead, a fine spray of water and soluble oil is

* 3-6

Idirected at the entrance of the OP96. As the bullet enters the trap, itreceives a coating of lubricant which prevents lead dust from forming andreduces wear on the trap. Other than that differentiation, the designs areU essentially identical. Both traps can be manufactured to the users desiredwidth.

U I-

0 0

CL-L

c~(n

cui

I a)

00

IBullet Trap: Total Containment Trap (TCT)

Manufacturer: Action Target, Inc.P.O. Box 636Provo, UT 84603

I Method: Deceleration

Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

Construction: The TCT is a helical chamber with steel plates top and bottom in front setat an angle of 12 degrees from horizontal to deflect the bullet into the trap.The initial contact portion of the trap itself is bolted on to allow for easyremoval and replacement as it wears or as different ammunition types are

i captured.

Capacity: Depends upon the type of ammunition being fired and the capacity of thei collection container.

Installation: Installed by the manufacturer or customer.

Maintenance: Collection containers should be checked weekly and emptied or replacedas needed. The initial contact portion of the trap is anticipated to last forat least 250,000 rounds.

i Description: The TCT is based on a centrifugal deceleration and impact principle. Thefired round is directed into the mouth of the trap by two angled collectionplates positioned at an angle of 12 degrees from the horizontal. The bulletenters the trap, sliding along the angled plate which directs it into an armorplate where it impacts and drops into a sealed collection container. The

i trap comes in both indoor and outdoor designs.

IIUII* 3-8

FrnIoo oRerboIe

HDirection of T1 deflector plate

Fire B 1 de ftector plate I p c lt

ChmeIetacVaumPp

Canntster I eCabrsd

I ~ ~~~0880 9.29

ChmeIe

I Figure 3.2.6 Action Target - Total Containment Trap - 2

I5Bullet Trap: Granular Trap

Manufacturer: Capito and Assenmacher44319 Dortmund Wichkede44311 Dortmund

3 Germany

Method: Friction

SBallistics: .50 cal. and smaller

SConstruction: The trap is a large vertical box comprised of a rubber curtain made of aconveyor belt material in front, an air space, and 2 inch thick polyurethanesheets, one meter square, as the front panel. The sides are plywood andIthe back is armor plate. The interior is filled with a soft rubber granulatedmaterial which is coated with something resembling baby powder. Thetrap is one sheet (1 m) wide, four sheets (4 m) tall, and one meter in depth.There is an access door at the rear of the trap to allow removal of thegranular material and bullets by means of a truck-mounted vacuum andsifting system. Following separation of the bullets, up to 80 percent of thegranular material is recovered and recycled back into the trap.

I Capacity: Manufacturer claims 25,000+ rounds

Installation: 4 hours, exclusive of site preparation, which requires a level concrete pad

I Maintenance: Monthly is recommended. Bullets are generally recovered intact.Polyurethane sheets are replaced infrequently and require removal of thegranular material. The rubber facing is repaired by rubber patches arescrewed to the front of the worn-out facing.

Description: The bullet penetrates the front curtain and polyurethane sheet and ishalted, generally within the first 12 inches, by the granulated material.Pistol rounds penetrate somewhat less, rifle rounds, somewhat more. For9mm pistol rounds fired from 25 meters or farther, the bullet will penetratethe front curtain, but will not penetrate the polyurethane sheet. Instead, itbounces off, rebounds to the front curtain, and falls to the bottom. In testsconducted so far, tracer rounds have had no noticeable effect.

III1 3-9

I Plywood

Armor

I Plate

I ConveyorBelt

3 Trap Door

I0, PolyurethaneSheets

I Air Space

I Figure 3.2.7 Caplto & Aesenmacher - Granular Trap

* Bullet Trap: Railroad Ties or Log Piles

Manufacturer: None

Method: Friction

- Ballistics: .50 cal and smaller

Construction: This is a simple outdoor trap in which railroad ties or logs are stacked-- perpendicular to the axis of firing. They can be stacked several deep and

as high as the desired target height. In certain cases these can be made into3 a crib and filled with dirt.

Capacity: Depends upon the types of ties or logs being used and the types ofammunition fired into them. Several thousand rounds should be able to befired before noticeable degradation occurs,

U Installation: Varies from a few hours to several days depending upon how large andelaborate the stack is made and whether it has filler added.

I Maintenance: Repair usually requires disassembly of the backstop to removedisintegrated ties and insert new ones. Disposal of the shot-up tie may fall

I under RCRA controls.

Description: Rounds passing through the target impact the railroad ties or logs and arestopped. The advantages to this design are that is easy to construct withtroop labor and it reuses material that is available in large quantities. Thedisadvantage is that the rounds are embedded in the ties and are difficult torecover. Additionally, after a lengthy period of firing, the ties disintegrateand could allow the lead to end up in the ground. This method is beingused currently to protect the front of cement target boxes, or coffins, at

Sseveral outdoor ranges and as a backstop in a few applications.

III

* 3-10

I

S~2x4

- Connector

IBIR

i3 Direction

I of Fire

_E

II

3- 088-01105.12-95

3 Figure 3.2.8 Railroad Ties

i

Bullet Trap: Sand Trap

S Manufacturer: Various

Method: Impact

i Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

Construction: This is one of the most widely used design in bullet traps because of theI simplicity of design, and ease of construction. A large steel plate thewidth of the lane behind the targets is mounted at an angle, tilted forward

- so that bullets are deflected downward into a bed of sand or dirt.

Capacity: Varies depending upon the size of the trap and the types of ammunitionI- fired.

Installation: Generally needs a construction or engineer company to install because ofI the weight of the steel plates. Construction/installation may take severaldays.

I Maintenance: Maintenance requirements are low. Bullet fragments are collected and thesand sifted on an as needed basis, probably no more frequently than

-- monthly, and perhaps less.

Description: Bullets impact the steel plate and fragment. The fragments are directeddownwards into the sand trap to be recovered later. On occasion, bulletfragments will escape the trap. The advantages of this system are itssimplicity of design, relatively low cost to construct, and ease of operationand maintenance. Disadvantages of the steel plate are primarilyenvironmental; airborne lead dust is created when the bullet strikes theplate, and at the same time it smears lead on the plate. When another3 bullet strikes the same place the lead residue on the plate contributes to theairborne pollution. Fragments sometimes fall outside the containmentarea. Cleaning the lead out of the sand bed requires personnel protectionmeasures.

IIII3 3-11

I

I

II

HardenedSteel -

Plate

BackingTimbers

I Direction T

3 of Fire

I

.SupportI Frames-4'0

I Wood41AI DZ00Frame 00

1 Concrete Floor 0860101.12.9S

FI

I Figure 3.2.9 Sand Trap

I

I

5 Bullet Trap: Water Trap

S Manufacturer: Local

Method: Impact

I Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

SConstruction: A large steel plate the width of the lane behind the targets is mounted at anangle, tilted forward so that bullets are deflected downward into a watertrough.

Capacity: Varies depending upon the size of the trap and the types of ammunitionfired.

Installation: Generally needs a construction or engineer company to install because ofthe weight of the steel plates. Construction/installation may take severaldays.

Maintenance: Maintenance requirements are low. Bullet fragments are collected fromthe water trough on an as needed basis, probably no more frequently thanmonthly, and perhaps less. There is a potential for generation of solublelead. This may create a hazardous waste disposal problem.

Description: Bullets impact the steel plate and fragment. The fragments are directeddownwards into the water trap to be recovered later. The advantage overthe sand trap is its ease of cleaning. The disadvantages are that it requiresa larger trough and more maintenance, especially in colder climates.

IiIIII5 3-12

0

HardenedSteel --

Plate

I

Backing5 TimbersDirection

n@0

I of Fire

SSteel

SupportI Frames 'O

I Wood *. 0-* <

Frame ge*\

Concrete Floor 08P-01107.12-95

F

- Fiurf32.0Fatrrra

I.I

i

3 Bullet Trap: Rubber Blocks

3 Manufacturer: Various, U.S. and International

Method: Friction

IBallistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

Construction: These traps consist of blocks of various rubber compounds or recycledmaterials stacked to form a barrier. These are used to line shooting housesfor special operations personnel to train in, as baffles on walls and ceilingson indoor ranges, and as ballistic protection for damage-prone items suchas fuel pipes at aircraft arming areas. The blocks vary in size, but aregenerally around 60 to 80 pounds and measure 30 x 12 x 12.

Capacity: Depends upon the type of ammunition fired.

3 Installation: Half day, exclusive of site preparation.

Maintenance: Depends upon the type of ammunition used, but claims of 10,000 roundsare common.

Description: When the bullet strikes the block, the friction of the rubber on the bulletsurface causes the bullet to stop in a short distance, usually less than 2 feet.Their advantages are they are modular, so only the worn block needs to bereplaced, compact, and reasonably easy to move with -hand labor.Disadvantages are that there have been reports of fires from tracer rounds,disposal of the used blocks presents a problem, and there are unresolved£ questions about durability and cost.

IIIiI

1 3-13

3/14S Black Pipe

1/"Diameter

1E---- 01FRONT

12

1/2 x 10 Conreictor

Figure =.211 - Rubber Blocks

U

S Bullet Trap: Wax/Plastic Blocks

5 Manufacturer: Various, U.S. and International

Method: Friction

I Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

Construction: These traps consist of blocks of various wax and plastic compounds or- recycled materials stacked to form a barrier. At the date of this report,

there are no manufacturers of these bullet traps still in business. The waxand plastic blocks operate on the same principles as the rubber blocks andthe Range Masters TEC blocks, being stacked or banded into the sizebackstop desired.

Capacity: Depends upon the type of ammunition fired.

i Installation: Half day, exclusive of site preparation.

Maintenance: Depends upon the type of ammunition used, but claims of 10,000 roundsare common.

Description: As in the rubber blocks, friction between the bullet surface and the blockmaterial stops the bullet, generally retaining it intact unless struck byanother bullet. The advantages are that these blocks are modular,compact, and easier to move with hand labor and tend to capture thebullets intact. The disadvantages are they cannot operate over the sameclimatic ranges as other traps, tend to melt somewhat under prolonged and

i closely spaced firing, and provide a disposal/recycle problem.

I!iIII3 3-14

Sta

3 Can BeBacked withPlywood orI Positioned in

Wooden3 Frame

I Direction

3 of Fire

Tu n uc l 088-01112.12-95

-~----Ground Anchor

3 Figure 3.2.12 Wax! Plastic Blocks

* Bullet Trap: Escalator Trap

3 Manufacturer: Various

Method: Impact

IBallistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

Construction: This is a widely used design in bullet traps because of the simplicity ofI design. In this design a steel plate is angled away from the firing line todirect the bullet upward into another steel plate. The bullet fragments are5 collected in a tray at the foot of the trap.

Capacity: Varies depending upon the size of the trap and the types of ammunitionfired.

Installation: Generally needs a construction or engineer company to install because ofI the weight of the steel plates. Construction/installation may take severaldays.

i Maintenance: Maintenance requirements are low. Bullet fragments are collected,probably no more frequently than monthly, and perhaps less.

I Description: The bullet strikes the plate and is deflected upward along or near the platesurface where it strikes another steel plate. At this plate the bullet spendsmost of its energy, and rebounds or fragments. It then slides down the faceof the larger plate and into a collection tray on the floor of the range. Theadvantage of this design is its ease of collection of spent bullets.5 Disadvantages include fragmentation of the bullet, the possibility ofrebounding, and the cost of manufacturing and installation. In addition,collection and disposal of the lead require proper personnel protectiveSequipment and adequate containers for the lead.

I£IUI3 3-15

I1

I ReboundPlates

IDirection Def lector

of Fire Plate

I S0S

1 •--Support

Frames-*'

I

Dolrection

TFam

I Guard IPlate

* 0-0 0

088-01108.12-95

I

3-- Figure 3.2.13 Escalator Trap

!iU

3 Bullet Trap: Steel Louvers with Sand Bed

3 Manufacturer: Various

Method: Impact

I Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

Construction: Like the larger downward angled deflection designs, this design arranges aI series of steel louvers in a vertical rack with each louver angled toward thefiring line. The steel louvers are approximately 12" to 18" in width andare arranged to provide some overlap between plates when rounds are firedat angles that are approximately parallel to the floor of the range. TheI spent rounds fall into a bed of sand beneath the louvers

Capacity: Varies depending upon the size of the trap and the types of ammunitionfired.

Installation: Generally needs a construction or engineer company to install because ofthe weight of the steel plates. Construction/installation may take severaldays.

Maintenance: Maintenance requirements are low. Bullet fragments are collected and the1 sand sifted on an as needed basis, probably no more frequently thanmonthly, and perhaps less.

Description: The primary advantage of this design is a saving of horizontal spacebehind the targets, and is usually only used on ranges where space is at apremium in an existing facility. The disadvantages of the regular steelplate and sand bed carry over to this design with the additional potentialI- hazard posed by bullets striking the leading edge of the louvers. Thechance of a bullet ricocheting directly back to the firing line is remote, butthis does increase the amount of bullet fragments and airborne lead dust.I Lead smearing on the deflector surfaces increases the potential for airbornepollution when struck by a succeeding round. Cleaning lead out of theg sand bed requires personnel protection measures.

3II* 3-16

I SupportPosts

3 Direction

of Fire3 _______Def lectorPlates

* VWoodFramme~_3 088-01111.12-95

3 Figure 3.2.14 Louver Trap

i

*Bullet Trap: Tires

3 Manufacturer: Local recycle

Method: Friction

I Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

Construction: Soft containers such as old vehicle tires or large plastic barrels are filledI with sand or dirt and placed directly behind the targets.

Capacity: Varies depending upon the size of the trap and the types of ammunitionfired.

Installation: Can probably be done with troop labor under range management personnelguidance. Time depends upon the size and complexity of the trap.

3 Maintenance: Maintenance requirements are low. Bullet fragments are collected and thesand sifted on an as needed basis, probably no more frequently thanmonthly, and perhaps less. Tires are replaced on an as needed basis. Usedtires may need to be handled under RCRA controls.

3 Description: The advantage of this design is the ease of set up, and that it can becustomized to specific shooting range requirements. A variant of thevehicle tire trap involves nesting or layering the tires several thicknessesdeep and using no sand. Tire traps have been used for anti-terroristtraining in shooting houses for many years. When so many rounds havebeen fired into the face of the container that it ruptures enough to leak sandand lead onto the ground, the container can be rotated 90 degrees or moreto present a different face to the firing line, thereby extending the life ofthe container. Use of the tires provides a form of recycling.Disadvantages include the difficulty of recovering spent bullets, disposalof the used tires, and the need to completely disassemble the trap to repairit. In addition, there have been reported instances of ricochets of pistolbullets from the tire backstops.

III

3 3-17

I

-o

I

I CL

•- >

IN

I°NN_I u

I

*0*

iL.

U e.,

0~ cooJ

00

II

3 Bullet Trap: Shock Attenuating Concrete (SACON)

Manufacturer: U. S. Army Corps of EngineersWaterways Experiment StationStructures Laboratory, Attn: CEWES-SC-EM3909 Halls Ferry RoadVicksburg, MS 39180-6199

3 Method: Friction

Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

--- Construction: SACON is cast into large panels 8' high, 3' wide and 22" thick. These

panels are fitted into steel I-beam brackets and grouped into walls. The3 primary application to date has been in shooting houses. With the abilityto pour and cure like regular concrete, however, SACON can be formedinto a wide variety of shapes and dimensions.

Capacity: 1,000 rounds before patching is needed.

SInstallation: Similar to other concrete construction: I day to pour, and 28 days to cure.

Maintenance: After 1,000"rounds, the SACON is eroded about 2/3 of the way through a22" panel. At this time, it is recommended that the void be patched withfresh SACON. This patch will also require a 28 day curing time. The3 alternative is to replace the panel from a stockpile of precast panels.

Description: SACON is a generic term for a combined low density, fiber reinforcedconcrete. SACON involves the substitution of a light-weight materialsuch as expanded polystyrene beads or preformed foamed air voids for thegravel aggregate. This is done to achieve densities of 30 to 90 pounds per3 cubic inch compared to conventional concrete at 150 pounds per cubicinch. This composition allows SACON to not only absorb bullets, but alsoshock waves that would be generated on light demolition ranges.

II3U3 3-18

BIwI

I

IIB

Panels 8'h x 3'w x 22"d

I '000=Steel

SuportFramework,

.eGMO

I088-01110.12-95

II,

3 Figure 3.2.16 Shock Attenuating Concrete (SACON)

II

I3 Bullet Trap: REGUPOL

Manufacturer: Berleburger Schaumstoffwerk GMBHP.O. Box 11805920 Bad Berleberg, Germany

US Distributor: Tennek, Inc.311 Albans CourtMalvern, PA 19355

SMethod: Friction

3 Ballistics: Military handgun ammunition

Construction: Blocks of REGUPOL used as bullet traps are 500mm x 500mm x 200mm3 thick and stacked two blocks deep. Then, REGUPOL roll material is 1250mm wide by 10 to 20 mm thick and is suspended in front of the blocks to

i guard against fragments.

Capacity: Manufacturer claims 10,000 rounds

I Installation: Two days by a team of four factory technicians

3 Maintenance: Blocks of REGUPOL are replaced when they reach load-up.

Description: REGUPOL elastic tiles are pre-formed sheets and blocks of recycledpolyurethane/rubber granules. A flexible material, REGUPOL can be usedin a variety of thicknesses and configurations to absorb bullets and cladoverhead baffles and floors of ranges to prevent ricochets. Themanufacturer claims REGUPOL is heat and weather resistant and issuitable for outdoor range applications.

IIIUIU3 3-19

IE

ImI.c E E

I *D00

00

a) 0

cEIW0

CC"

a0 EIcoo

> Ca)

00SL.

Bullet Trap: R493

Manufacturer: Shooting Ranges International, Inc.3030 S. Valley View RoadLas Vegas, NV 89102

I Method: Deceleration

Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

Construction: This is a modular, free standing trap with four angled hardened steel platesSper firing position funneling in to a vertical aperture that traps the bullet.

Capacity: Manufacturer claims 500,000 rounds before plate replacement.

Installation: Four man crew needs one day to install 10 traps.

Maintenance: Periodic emptying of bullets and fragments from trap containers.

Description: This is a dry plate system using four steeply angled plates to deflect theshots inward to an aperture. After passing through the aperture the bulletenters a helical chamber which causes the bullet to spin and decelerate.The bullet then falls through an opening in the bottom of the trap into thebullet collection container.

I

IR32

VacuumAttachment Bolt-on

* Lid

U ~~Def lectionHeiaDirection* Deceleration

* Chamber

088-01113.12-95

I Figure 3.2.18 Shooting Ranges International - SRI R493

I

U Bullet Trap: Elastomeric Granular Screen

I Manufacturer: Societa FRA.SA.44 Via del GiordanoRome, Italy11-49-06-5924175

Method: Friction

Ballistics: 7.62 NATO and smaller

- Construction: This unique design is in the shape of a trapezoid of loose rubber granulescanted back at a natural angle of repose. Underneath this large pile ofrubber granules is a conveyor belt and support structure. Behind andbelow the conveyor is a sifting box and a vacuum system. The vacuum isconnected by piping that reaches up over the top of the trapezoid slope.

Capacity: Estimated to surpass 100,000 rounds before a substantial amount ofelastomeric granules need to be replenished.

Installation: Several weeks with the work being done by the vendor. Societa FRA.SAspecializes in modular indoor ranges that can be installed in two days witha trained crew and a cargo crane.

Maintenance: Daily operation of the conveyor/ sifter unit, requiring less than one hour ofdown time.

Description: When a round is fired at the sloping trap surface, the bullet penetrates therubber granules, loses velocity, and angles downward. The conveyormoves the very bottom layer of granules and projectiles rearward to asifter. Once the heavier projectiles have been removed the lighter granulesare vacuumed up to the top and dumped onto the face of the slope. Themanufacturer claims that the bullets are not deformed, and that a largenumber of them can be reloaded, resulting in substantial savings.

IIII* 3-21

I ii

I E

x 0.

CD a)II-

I~ 4-

I z L. C

00 N

0 i

-I-- as~I 0.~K ii=3-C5 -~~

m C: __ _

co.

0 om

' 0 1

0II

ISECTION 4

CONCLUSIONS

There are few unique bullet trap designs currently produced for outdoor ranges. A number ofindoor designs, such as the Passive Bullet Trap at the new NRA indoor range in theirheadquarters in Virginia, are quite innovative, but also quite expensive. Several majormanufacturers are modifying their most successful designs to operate in an outdoor setting. Mostcompanies who list themselves in trade publications or compendia, such as the Thomas Register,are really assemblers of other companies' materials or are target, not bullet trap, manufacturers.I Those who are true bullet trap manufacturers are few and do not advertise widely. Consequently,they are hard to discover. To date the market had been rather limited and not able to supportlarge numbers of manufacturers. Until recently, neither environmental concerns nor urbanI sprawl made it necessary to consider use of bullet traps. Most shooters could easily travel to anoutdoor range and fire into a berm or simply into the woods without much concern for theconsequences. Urban sprawl and heightened environmental awareness have now made the use ofI- bullet traps either desirable or necessary, thus attracting manufacturers into a previously smallmarket. In addition to domestic manufacturers, Canada, western Europe, eastern Europe,Scandinavia, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand were investigated as potential suppliers. Of theforeign countries investigated, only Germany, Italy and Switzerland had manufacturers. Some ofthe traps that have been investigated appear to be viable candidates for some applications onArmy outdoor small arms ranges. However, manufacturers performance claims should beverified by demonstration under operational conditions to provide objective data on the trapsability to contain or prevent the spread of heavy metals on the range as well as the durability,maintenance requirements, effects on training, life-cycle cost, and utility of these traps.

II

IIIII

Im*mm-

ISECTION 5

REFERENCES

1. U.S. Army, March 1987. US Army Test Facilities Register, Vol. 1, Major TestFacilities, Army Material Command Pamphlet 70-1.

2. U. S. Marine Corps, June 1991. Standard Operating Procedures for Marine CorpsCombat Development Command Training Areas and Range Control Operations,MCCDCO P 1500.1A.

3. U. S. Army Infantry Center and Fort Benning, August 1994. Range and TerrainRegulations, USAIC Regulation 210-4.

4. U. S. Army Infantry Center and Fort Benning, March 1989. Catalogue of Live FireRanges and Artillery! Mortar Firing Points, USAIC Pamphlet 210-21.

5. U.S. Army Armor Center and Fort Knox, May 1985. Range Regulation (Training!Impact Areas), USAARMC Regulation 385-22.

6. U. S. Army Training Center and Fort Jackson, June 1994. Range Operations, FortJackson Regulation 350-14.

7. Hoxa, Sami and Ernesto B. Vazquez, March 1995. Surface Danger Zone (SDZ)Methodology Study, Probability Based Surface Danger Zones, Special Publication,prepared for U.S. Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center,Picatinny Arsenal, Special Publication Number ARPAD-SP-94001.

8. U. S. Army Garrison and Fort Pickett, November 1994. Memorandum: MilitaryOperations in Urban Terrain (MO UT) and the Military Assault Course (MAC)Standing Operating Procedure (SOP).

I 9. U. S. Army Engineer Center and Fort Leonard Wood, June 1993. Installations- Rangesand Training Areas, Fort Leonard Wood Regulation 210-14.

10. U. S. Army, September 1991. Training Land, Department of the Army TrainingCircular 25-1.

11. U.S. Army, February 1992. Training Ranges, Department of the Army TrainingCircular 25-8.

12. Department of Defense, July 1992. Office of the Secretary of Defense, DefenseAgencies, DoD Field Activities, Organization and Functions Guidebook, Directorate forOrganizational and Management Planning, Office of the Secretary of Defense.

I* 5-1

II

" ~SECTION 6I MANUFACTURER'S LITERATURE

U\I

UI

I

I

* 6-1

I

S..r

*GCaswellInternational Corporation

mrnr~ Granular Rubber Bulle Trap.

I

GranTrapTM Granular Rubber Bullet Trap

I The patented GranTrap granular rubber bullet trap was developed to meet the need for a cleaner andsafer environment in indoor and outdoor shooting ranges. The GranTrap allows bullets to pass throughthe rubber front panel and be captured intact in a chamber filled with GranTexTM!, a specially treatedI rubber granulate material manufactured from recycled materials. The bullets remain intact, eliminatingair borne lead dust and preventing lead and jacket backsplatter.

U The GranTrap is available in pistol and rifle versions and can be used in indoor or outdoor ranges.

The GranTrap Granular Rubber Bullet Trap is licensed and manufactured under U. S. Patentnumbers 5,171,020, 5,340,117 and other patents pending. GranTrap and GranTex are trade-marks of Caswell International Corporation

441013 1803

I

IFRAME SYSTEM

3 ELASTIC FACING

I :DIRECTION -. -MRANTEX

5 OF FIRE MATERIAL

Ii

PORTIONS OF SYSTEM TOALLOW FOR EASY RECYCLING BACK PLATEOF GRANTEX AND REMOVALOF SPENT ROUNDS.

Io

ELASTIC FACING

GranTrap Cross-Sectional View @ Mid-Point

3 ADVANTAGES OF THE GRANTRAP

* Competitively priced compared to steel bullet traps.. • Smaller "footprint" than steel traps.* Safer to use due to the soft rubber front which allows the

bullets to pass through without breakup.I • NO lead or jacket backsplatter. Bullets are captured intact.

* Easier to clean the range. No lead or jacket particles to pick up.No need for protective clothing or air respirators

I •Less equipment maintenance than steel traps. C

No loose bolts or shifting platesNo wear on steel plates and other impacted surfaces asw e3 Patching of front panel takes less than five minutes International Corporation

Lead removal in the GranTrap is easier and safer. 1221 Marshall St. N.EMinneapolis, MN 55413

Exhaust air filters last several times longer. Telephone: (612) 379-2000Fax: 379-2367

ýUT:j7ý ý 7'ý."-';',"ý -;. K

".. - ... ' ' '.'.'.-' -;jý' 'ý' ý - 'ý .-P ý-' '_"7'ýoj ý ".P'i"v, .ý. 2 -" ý- .ý"-j'.!ý : ý' ý"'ý.- , 2 rillýf A Aý '

M-W.";`j--ýý 0- . , t 1; ý._tý mqgw" ONpng m -tm,., t tl Me M , ýMp * 'ý' ý r " r I "'ýý 'Lýýý,ý".ý-,.,ý.-".,-"..T-ý,ý",ý,,,ýýý4 ýWl- M !"ll, "O" 4 "'4ý - .oý. - .-ýýt ." to 'S"-r- ""' W . '.ýi' - - "Iff ,- ý - , 'ý :#ý !ý - , , , '__ýM"'Y'Q"" ý"ý 11. , , , NMZ' TRIP.' 4ýý -i -- 5 ý" k N, - -'ý 'ý , I Mimi

", 1"t M _'-' --̀X.1-ý',.' ý'-' - k ;"-, I ý 'ý - - -- , g . -" -q.ý

k", - - -wM't -.- -- z,-'g-- ;T,ý,,,aýýý4 ý",ýý:vý,ý,Aýc":",7,,ýýl-".L --;i'i'ml." - , F` .g' 'e , -- p ' ' " --

Aff -- ,q -- . MR ýL,, - -

,Fg, agg ý& 1ýý" -, - g", '- "' ;ý' , .-',_ýý7'

ýF":Ft'

"Ar ,, 'ýgpnv - .- ,,, _

-T-an'g, -"ýý . '. .ý' ý,f,.,. -!'j, "ýý_!ýg;ý-',',F' --výý' - .'F'--.'- ,'ý'ý"; ý p4t";'*ý '. 'ý4.11"ýM -'ýý6 ,,ý!" r

.-

_ 'ý 'ý4

IL

., I " ý

'ýF'..

.ý.;ý; .1 , t' ý .ýYý

.Jý 10 § _

4, "; -. - , 'c".

.- , 'v - . _ý -

""m'Vý1011ýý'

ý11

.6111"'., X" t"'--'ý

1- 1 .';';ý'ý j , ý ,

I k

, - I� 1.11 1_11ý`Vw'" :ý,;"ýý O R -0 IR

. - . "ýP..- ý' Q ý. " 7M ." ýý' 4 ý Ult I Z I,,' j ý i - ý' 2 I -"T'.' -, , rf'M ý_"..o ,

, 4 nttý i CI, I % R u '.

"F" -mlý , ,' ' -I - ý I ý iý '_ ".111

,

- iýýF,ý'Iýllilýl ,' ýi I ýý

ýa_'111*41.11ý. _. A-11

" ..

101 - 0 - ý 4F, , I'El.. '-'ýNi- I ýý"",'ý',"'ý I " * __ -

'iý , 5'. ý-'Fllfav' _ a "im,W"', ýý W.I.-A --,-,,,

'. ,,, 7 4,. - .'_w - " , A ' ý " I-

.. .V- 4 . g ''i"? 1-tWv-v , ý

' "; Q ll'l"'--'-l

__ w w; ., '-ý

Ili g . t'ý'i , .' ,

':'ý";'L"",ý"ý

NA NV Q 2ý. . , .-.! , ."

-ýý;;ý.ý

1 ý4

'pFý'p N'M s-Xw.Aux.PM.'l' . ?1' v '.'T . .

"KI, , . ý . - W. " 'N'! A -.ý'ý i ,ý ,,,, I I " ' % " 2 - .!ý-T 5, `- -;I, I, Nf-ý .,-. - ýNý-'-'FPAR.i , X 1" '- 5; . 757ý.ýI. " a rý' IN N 'l 1, 1,'f, -ý.""&`!'.

- ., ý , z - ý 'i. " " '.__

i'-' , -'- - -- - - - ý ", '! ' .. - -

'. . '_ "

,", 'I "", "l, -ý7 , ý. '44, v 17 1 ,". -`Eý- fýý'ý.ý'ý:rNZ_'_ T

, , "

'. ., I llý'tm -11 - - ." -;-'._.l-RAl-_' tz'__

.- "' ýý V!F, ý;'k c8m. ,;,F' ý'-' '- " , ' _ý -1, -1,

'm _:"-.ý - iiýý"ý ýý . .' '_ý:;kQwm 'ý-tý' .ý!ý,ý ý . !- - '&jýn" , i

ý ". "ý' V2 1ý

Mn

'ý ý;ý,ý..,4,z4ý=,."ý"",.,-ý,.-ý -1

'Q

,

-, ýý , .r

,

. . , " " -)u -.--.4r ---

-- ýý ý" ug. -, :.ý'ý ý.','li, ,,,.ý-ýýýý,;,ý,ý,,,..ý-,.-ýý-ý-",--ý,ý"!.ý,'ý'ýý,'ý.ýýf, %,%;' F'ý --- "-ý' ',,zi.- i

. 4e, . --ý --- - .-gru - ý ý ýv ý'

'ff ""ý A R2'r, , ," , ,,,, ;, ý , -, 'k. ý y; -- - - - - -.

ý'. , ý ýý , " . .. '

'ý , _'_ýý _ .ý ý, "_ ý.';j'tý

ýý ý",tý

ý_" , "ý ...... ._ i , , ýý-- 'Wt

VVn1't'15ll'_'_. .11V 'ý -qý"ý'&ýý' ý " -, , . , - -ýýý - 1'. "--'.-'-'-

'ý` E-M,", - 3 " _w

I I I i r x , ,ý.ýý,-'-"..-ýziý.ý-ýý."ý,',","*,-ý'Ag'ýi.,-. .

..

i;ýr,ý',,?,ý.lý4ýý,,,ýý,ý'P"-ý, .

"k.." .' ý .' - ý11ýý`llyllrllw-'FA`73,ýý _,-' - jV

_ "'ý ".

Ft ',m '. 11, _'ýllkgl Rv

,i., '__ w, "!?

ift .11"'14--, .- pý;' I - I- i , -t ýY,ýý,ý.",ý'4ý'g,ýý-ýlýý!ý'ý.:,r-", , - 'ýý"'ý-'7ý1 I ._ -" ý 'ý Q.ýk , ,zv% -'!';ý' ý..4ý'!ýv ý' tW4 gý.ý-"sjý 'ýý -ý`f-'ý , , , -- '_ ý' -, A ti -A.,___ -ý

, M

ý ,

..- I.,

"'ý

ý' I - , 7 - - L _" "' - nzn' , .'tiýi-ý'-'ý-,'-ýý"

,`ý _ý' '-.'t -, 'K .", -'..A.i..'..'ý ý ll-wlýp "Wm -ý I "O ý:--:M KN"""'.' ", ý.-*..it , - .", " ' ""ý 'v.ýý -- ,---- - '-ý __

,

, ,

ý' - - , -A "ýý.,

ýK I , . "&ý z ý , '.ý." , i ý - ý.

I , , "' , -- " "ý"'M.

j_;,

"t 11 , ,

,

ý

ý i Ng

.

_ý', ,''.'

','_ýi

"

-,

'ý .'

': . , .W-n , ýý-ýr...ýýý,,ý"ýýýt.--'."ý",..--,ý1.11ý - -1 3 . ý

ý - -,,- - gR v ý"' wMam -tz"O' I R ýýrl'41 ýFeý wa- 111.1.1'.. M lv__ . , W' . ýý' ,p,ý -ý 4aýýW :Flý. 1,

,4 . ,.--,... '_r'. , ;ý` TA tr ......;'W t?;ýým--

.'.ý 0'.ý , .k%.ý.

ý .1.1's.l. - -1-W."'.- , ý11"-,Uzý'?F'ýý'..._ hlwz.-;

j .- , , 4 I .'RO"tlý%'ý" - M ':ý O.;vP

, , "'Fl -1ý1-1.1'- 'Aý ` , ,4

i

.l. -.'t-F'-..';"'ý" ýý, 6RO--gM ý , 11 Sm. ..

.4jv 21.71':ý" & ý'!'Vý , R . ' 11 ýý , - ý

, ,tt, .

T(,?-., i--it'l rri'Sl: t1l., ,ý" _'ý'zi'4ýý'ý' - " -, m ý...",r,-.",-ii"i"F';,,ý,ýýi".,ýýý.,ý,',,..,"",:"ý'.,ý,ý",,ýýýýý-,-ý.",;ý,'ýi" 'ý'

'I.,. - - - , . . ý , "_ I .1.1-1 I'll. "', ., N I" ilý'

'F

I -.-, 1-

'ý

".'.' - " " - ' -1ý"'?_ ii I ýY-`ýA---i'.Jf-':U"'ý' ý._'M lo"ý - I . , , _ .' ,,, 'A--Rýý,Xr'-,----,ýý-,,,%,.,,,,,t4ýý'.ý;-,.ýýý";

4., . - '--- - 42- -"Iý'I'P.-g'ý"".-r' *.'_'_e"'ý!ýý - -?.,I",.. .-ý- !ý_- ZZ""W1. 'd;

,ý _--_ .,5;", _- " ":' ..' ' ",,k", , .' -*ý_ 'Y 'ý . -, - ý'.' - ' W'..", f. "':'ý 71",

.. ýý .' , ý_ 5iCO, ý'V'4 ," 'ýý"',;':ý'7 "ý. -"'.ý ,"'fVM . 'u._'t., ý'ý

-ý:"; , 'r .' _-

-- iýý :)%44' 'ýý'.ýýU'7 - ' ý

'.. M ý

.'t;ý.

S

ý'

__ WN

.

4UW AI'ý" -'. "' "I " v.

qtl - , ýý"1'1ý;-"'ýý' -ýý" " ` -.- " I ý -...'-.ýý;

ý ic -. 2'ý , ý 'ý _ . ý. 'ý , '. - - -9 ý- ak, "'.?

-- F"'ýý'ý"-+* , - ý"!'týý'ý' ýý'

.ý , _-!ýý.."' ,

90 1 ." , I kwWL.l 1'1k"';'.-'ts._.l m. _7""40"'- - - -., ý ý , '__ . , -. ,I .W.7.1;- .. ý',';ý$;!

Z" -".FL"ý"ý

- ý ý - _'.. , ''.,.-.-'-ý-_-"_

KIW "'-W ý Mký';lw " Y'Q'?-"" , , - '.'ý3r'4'ý'ýý14ýý;ý& ýý 'ý -..-,- 52" -""X M , .".."."ýý,ýýý'.--'-ý.,,'.,ý,ý*,,;,ýý-,, .ý ý- '.

N_2-01'14e'ý`ý - ý , - , --;ý - ý- I 1-11- 'ý-Y,'A-Sjxpý . , . ýý

ýw v i -,- .ý ..f ..", I, -, "ý '. ý4"'t .;O -, , , ýý' :1 P4ýý'ýýs .-- I_ - -. 1 121ý - 6, , _ __ , ý, """ * ,,, - , -i ".-' -; .ý'tsP

.' -M -A ý i ýý I , 0"

1'ý";,.-- ý "' ý- ,"i :.:t.zýtq'jF.".".7 4ý"ý':ý' - ". '. -3 ýý'_"_""'."j_-'!ýý'-- "'ý ý - '. - S._41"oll.-Al I- I , ý .1111_ýý' S' ý" - % ' .I

_ý ýNAl ý -ý - """ 1ý '

N .'

-, " '?" -,- "-'ý Rýý' - - - - .ý ý;V ,!ý"ý .:'ý' , .4

.' I .' - ý IR ý'

.' T'ý.f4 'ý:,-'N." " . . ý "'4 K'. Tý ý ý" * ýý r" " , , i ý . , , ý' r,-.

- w ", . I t. e , ;ýý , -- 'zý- ,,,-:,--- -'ý -w "m -,"--'ýý , ý' - .'_. 40 '7 , ".ý' "'4 ' 'ý ý ' -&'xz..l"" L't"A" , "' 'ý'.'S""n",'ýý'ý' i";':ý"'._ýO -- " 't". -"ý'Fý'.f,_;'?:ý'-ý' " wýý - .ý 'ý. , " - -1, ý -,,. , , ý':rw'-A- 41 - ý ,ý_ '_._'_ " ý , i ý"'ý,;

ýý.",

w q- , "I 1ý - 11- -ti..- .l! _ 4'W, m ". ýý_ ý I -1ýý_'*' " ý.'? al 7 ýOtj- .' - , ý1"-' -."' ý- ' - "i "l,"."ý,"""tz";';,ý 'ýA'*.It"4"'....o -, i ýý,"ý"' ý . 'ý,1ý1 -I

, -

.' ý ... ý -;?"ýTl

-ý- - '* .jt'_'_ , .. - ý "','ý .' ' '; '. _1 ..,&..'.5'r.-'ý- -" .' '. ,, . 11 ., F IsX -".N

- '.:' ý

ý ý" '.

Im -, " - - ý.ý F-f5w, f'ýZ,:' " -- '-" ý .,' - ý -

, . 4 2.11'ýR I� ý ý'..M "- -__ .%

,,, 'ý4ý'_. g .'.. ý -... ' ý - '-- ýIý!ý' W.-.1

W M, - ý4$ý,pnI.ýo,:!;"ý;ýF.ý,,ý'?,ý,,,ýýiýý -. !, .. - 'ý'--"'ý' -,_ ;-,'.,.' ,!Y","'ý'ýtýý -.'-ý' .. _

.ýý;;F' " ' 'ýn - , -ý -ý.ýFA 6 .W i'-ý"v " .." , ' - "", - ". ,,, .. ý , ý .. , , , ý:.!ý

'W"l- RAA ý f M. , gz'ýý' ,,.g, 'ý-'q,-V'-;- 'i ý.. . " 'y .gm -`,'T'ýýe' -'%'ý":5'.' -'. _ "-- ý'ýl .r . ;ý. -- i

,.4 ý I.,. I .ýý:z - r_ '.'M hlF,:%ll"'.'_. '. '_'flý'ý.S'Slýl ý .l...

;'. ':"ýý'.ý';'-"-. 7ý , .", , - _111 FF.

_ lq"ý;ýrý'.; , '. , IN '.1

ýý'ý'ý $7 , ý " ` " ý _0 _' " ""ý__ "'IfZ " _- . ý .' ,ý " H

'I I ý _.

.

11 ý.ý %, ý"".A'ý'ýt.'ý' ;4 , ý _ýý',F, - Z' ý,!ý'cý.,ý,ý,.ý!,,,'.---ý",;"ýý t g qg .---'ýý'ý --*ýi""'ýZ'111`.'ý_Fl: .-"ý -.114-r.." t"" ý,'_'. S .

- , _.ý' "' -4'. -jýý -.4 '.

It ý', .ý ý ý.' '. , , .. "j?"J"' ._.-ýý'-'--'ýý'.ý"- - gý -,a -ý" I I -__

- ILV 1.1.1-11 . . - . - I '; 20 7ý I; : s;.;-ý:..,ýF* 7ýf " _ _"' ' ,

ýý.6 W 4 ,T ý'r -.- , ý--"'-- --' -- -'-"ý"4-.'ýý ., ý ,;4j, ",' "''

'iFl . 'ý'ý - ý 4ý 45. Y':2 -Y-A:E- , , "" , ý , Am ?, ý .." _, ý'ý.ý'.jjýo;ý'ý,ý', & 'ax

-

ý . .

, "

'týýý"ý,,ý,ýý,ýýt,ýl'.ýý-,ý41?.,ýýý,ý",ý'-",:,-",ý-,."I

',"'.'_"_

, . ,4

'kl: I -

ý_

'. _..' "':

, , ! ;,. ."*'*ý&,."Jzwý

-ý'

,.4

'.ý'ý:ý ,:,,,*,, ,"'t*_^ý_'."ý", , ý '', .1

'ý , , , " . .ý ,

ý,

'-, -

_ -- -,- - ý4-- .- ý7 ."

I - "--"- .";' ,,,, -

" . ý"""'ý S,;ý'iý_

.ý .

'ý i'*'

!M;0.1!0zv4!i -, ., v - ,

gA;4_X t!"'

ý" ý' ""-ýý-_Az '-'M-"_!4'.'iAt'-! A .-fl, ý .'-ýý'kv'_"ýn4ir""ý'Y': tý,'ý,ý,,'i-,"ý7ý*,-ý;.,..i47,.,ýý,ý,,,ý, -.ý'ILýý "ýý-,'Ft; ;'T"'L"."ý2*ý"7_' F"'ý'ýý.--.'F ý3,4'ý ""'J"'"z'..'ý .-F-l"i"R", - -'-'.ýý-ýý' Y; i, -i ""'04- * , "' "',

'., r4l#lrola- ' ,'I "ý"-ý, ý Aý :ý'. ý .." "'t .'w W -'.,.'ý , Z i'm ý;F'-ýý,

ý11' Ft -.- ` -' - UrAýlm-=- . . 'i .ý ý""'.' .rj. ::"ý-ýýj';'ý"'ft -'F:ý'ý'ý"' t_ýý'ý"'i-`7Týjý"' nýg .Z-W p ..' " 'M N.

FF - I ý' !'ý!'.' a -ý';, i! .tt

- - ;';,' '-'ý - ,

ýý'

"..) ,'.'i'j ýg " - ý."

'.1 a I "' ' IN

-,- -g - gT -".." - ..',' " -". .

111-11 , :ý.q Yý pý .g.? . - h '..,RM )ý 'kýý T , Ly 'ý - 4111";X " ` " __ Ri"'I'llp ý 6 e. ':' , '.

'" ý Pl.ý%111'11414 M . " - ýý' ,,ý'.g"ý""_ý"'-' .401 I""S , ý .1 ý'ý!ý .ý

, F,:,

.'-,

.t_'_."- ýý_ _',-xkmýn"A :A", - r, , .w t " p7mot FF f .ý " "'"? . . "" - :ýý ' _* ' _ý ."';

-ýý-,ý,11,<.,ýýý-,ýWýv"-,-,"Vwý.,ý , .q. -'ý.. ' 'I "',F.'ý-ýAg"4 "Jp . . _, _(j " . 11 "P __ " . , , i, , V, 0ý'Fo ýý

_ ý , , " M . ft -1 51 -'i'ýO.""1111ý". --w 'U-".-,k! ., - '% .-l JE D ý '_ýý77 __ k _. I i IF -ýK F "'i lei" 11 - 7A, j& -..", _ý _' ý _S, 'f , , ":ýý_ I, H" , , " it,'ýE;ý.i,ý;ý,ýk,4!ý,.tiýt4.tý'-' vyilýý_T'Zý'e--.-ýlq- ,ý,;,Zýý",!;--5,.,7."";,4ý'll,ý,.ýýýll".ý1.1,ý, ',"'' ý. ý . . '.ý ' " M ý... -gýi' .- 'fi` fw -ffV-elýý'%_l -11'1:'!'ý-ýý' , , -1 -1 RIM ____ _.,,__ýr JF'ý U ,ýPlr,ý %Vl. '%4'vý ý-:'--;'ý' F-, ,, W Aý . - -1 "Q _

''-

, _ ý, ,__

ý,ý ik ;ý _ 77 , ý?`

ýi -_ -, :ýp " 4 X lm:.'i ""-`_..'_.-'.'- I -, , ý *F' "' ' * " ' ý

'-14NAlqý'ý' g , IN. - ' 11- *`1 ...... I" _ ,Ft . N. ý ý - ' ý.E'v' "ý' .Rt",ýý".;-:".'t -ý, .,

11 M91"Mlitm, __ltl f ý' ýr Klýi --;ý'FýLý'

I: i 1, .. W ?WW W R r I - 1. . . - -- z"tq "ý v4F, .gj'R !ý , 'ýt' . '.-- '.,,-,ivý"'ý'ý'lt;'IzMqý'ý'

. ýF' -'ý'ý'%.-'ý.`ý. ;"

'ý

-1",_ '!:.ttq ý" o",ýý.Z'E' - ý W n 'ýNlly Ai Ir. '.'ý . ...

, ý

... ý , , . ýý;= ý

, ," . T 'ýt 80 'R, q'-Z-'w'-" "';'

.ý' " ti"ý a._-p _. , ý':'ý ,1ý5'

'j

'ý

_ . .510.-

ý - " 01, ý';ýý'---"-ý-lu - ýý11_511. "' . _, 'ý;ý"4 v"v 0i; .1 ý-

'ý ý" ý , .1 . - ;ý_' "!4 M

-, ý , 'VVý - .E---1 .

i "g-R.ýv" '.'F ý ý ý - -"';ý' -"'!"'ý" "ýMS" ,", ".1; . - ý' :w

, - , - -,tlýiz"Tý, . ." ýý 6 .1 - 11 "7F17m'pTl1y1_ZFrl.,4 1 ,: - ýýj..-::-.llý ýý' - ,'a ý7

.1 .' ., ý,,, ..... .,,,--

'..

111::-

__ _ .. ý W, _ 'V '71".""-`l. -"ý"- - . ";ý_ti ..'." . , !'ltt!ý;

, ý5 " -ý'ý'gf . t,,ii,."n j:ý, , .. ý:ý .." -, "ý`,--',.'ý"' "" "...' , , , '..' .' , -, FL, ,"N. , - .ý ý

= 7ýý`ýý ,'F';ýý"'4'ýý

- !;ý ýý - O.".. - "f '_ý"','F'iý &.' ýi ", i ý-' " , ý..'18 gv;v

'.""lt.',..,'ýý . __ _ 11"...l. y

I - - 11 '.. _' ý M Y, _07 "I

V W ý- ý -11-11171"_

It'W'; , 'W" __ " 44-t .I " " , ." 'It, . . .41,11", _ .1'_'ý I ýý _410 __ '. _ 1. 7. IM7 I - .u ý 11 Ill".. ,t-'..tý"-'---4 .14- v'.-'f' - 7'r. z -. 5; rll 'm.-. - ' , " " .-.." - , ,.-Ill -111...' . - t_" . , '..' - , - ' ' ' ý' ' -i',ýý 4ý,,ý.',,ý'!"ý-ýý,,,..",ýT.ý,-',,'ý"3,ý,7,'.,,'ý-',.'-ýt',ý""ý,',ý-L'ý..ý'ýýýý,*.t,,ýýl;.ý'ý-ýi Li'l -; 1, - I...0, , . - 'I".."i 'ý_--ý'.'. .'ý-" tj "-"6ý" ".7 't 'ý ,,,

ý 'N - ' ' .ý"-_-l"'_' , v 4._"ý"_ '-", .1 , v ý"' 'ý_'.p ý , ,

'm'4 fý

ý.t..J_ý.ý I." - I - I I I 11 ý --

le 41 ý - ;F y m'ý"

11 ý _ý. M-l""6Z I - g v I 1-1 'ý'ýý'ý'! t"",.."t,ý,.ý--ý,t.,'."ýý,-."ýýýý".ý,'ý"'ý"ýýý,ýýýý,-,.ý",,,,',',-ý -ý

,I O'N"U. ýýla j'ý'-"R'vký-" ,

,,22-__SýýW. F. L INV

.-ýý;04 -"ý;, , , pýý ý 4, 'Pý.Wlll_ --6_'_.*2 i ,ýA'ý'- -ý'ý15R_"!ý -'t-l't

El , I : ý , ,",

.' ý' '

_0 I Ui-""'-"'_ýý ý - ' * V"`-'.'.-_-."Aý3',!ý> Z--i"N-ý ý,ý'ý;ý"' 'T'_"'-'ý"'i"-"'

. al.. - ý ýý 11 * ot !" '

ý . _. -...

.ý , ", j7

, " I . , ,to ..

,

" -"'

# , ý

'.' ý i, " `- -1

-

, - I , 11-11

'ý. " ý . I -.. - - ý' " ; 7"i4ýý'ýý--' ýwlýzg'ý'.ý'.- '-'V'.%;'ýV--

I

. .,_ , _`ý'_ l!",I I..!'s'

." ., .!"',

.' . -;, ,?, i 61" 1 'Xz`Z'u' I ý _". , -.. E-4- -W l ýý i'l

,,

11 1,

ý". .',

M W ", 2 z .m

L., 'i -, , 'P - ý ..'

-- - '- !?.ý :.'(ý$ ý' X, ý __N`,. -I

-M , -" ý4-'ý -.g ..- - , ýi "'t 41.

", - -T , -- U - .' gg,ýa

*a __ ý,,;ýýý,,'ýýýýý7,..ýp,.ý,f,ýý ,,ý 'ýý ", ý'Aý'7111 "I li ý . I ý ý14 " I , L,

__ R , ,,I,,- 'ý " ,,,, -.a

' ,'

' ''

'ý 4Tj g'

ý11' 'ý 4.vA107ý R ý -U'lo':.,v--';."- - -FFý -"?r-la

. g ý'q" tfýý" .' - v ý . , - .,4,_j - ":p..".'e.-ý F, ".- - '('

-11 'ý.C` L. ý - 'f'i.." - "I,., , " "-"o -"- -;"ý _,_1 INA"W"z. rx- . 15ývg %UK a "',",- .

__l '. ý' ýý ýýiPiý-ý".;týF,ýhiý,i.;ýý-11;tý.%.ýs ,ý,i-ýý,-;ý.",.","ýýýýý,-""-,ý,ý,,ýýýý-'.ý.,-.-,...-,-,ý,ý-- ti-';'ý' "ý-. ";."% . ot*1,4 V ýg F. ,I -1"ýM.'ýI I - ý , -, -"-",' '4'ýý' - ý "Ft'-Zk

ý , . ý_ _ *_1 , " ý<' " "" , .- 5555 ý ý , ýýt"ýgý"""' '-,, t'

11f;X P"b" ; - .1-4t -ý15ý';&."'- ýF'ý"ljýRý ", , , t ý , , - '_ý ý'

. --ý-ý .ý ý ýý', . , I _ý ,' 7, "" ' "_ _ ." ý.' '-', ':ý' -,i',,,,ý"";..,-",ý,-ý-,,*ý't,ý,ýi-ý,.ýý.,*,,ý;i;..,ýz-"ý,,ý.ý.,11ý,,,ýýýir,.,ý'..",ýý,"" ..

'ý' .I ý ".. - . .ý ,ý i ... tIFITZ".. , AM , *

'v

, I ,ý"' ý`x_--g; ',

.ý a - - 1-1.1Z "'Mbwý__ý%"*' " - -.,'- -'i', ' ýý' ". - , 6 ""-N 'A'ý , llp- -- , -_..."ll 1. .,-ýZ-i " , .. , ý M T " 'R - "t - 'ýý*

67ýikt 0- .

, ",'4 T"S'."'"" .-

..'OPAIN

.- M"., RM

S

ý'-' t ý ý

. , ý"'. "_ý.

" ý.ýý

ý

-

"t';%

ý' A , 1 , i. " "

- 'C' "t. ... .,-, ". . * - '-ý vý'

. A . '; '..'! ý .ýý!,ý,ý,-',;,*.,--,.,,'-i','.,ý-ý,!,ýr,ý..i ,-t!"-'ý7ý"- - ýýk -'10'ý'

_0 R , .

,7 4

,,,i"?ý'tý"ý'ýý.'ý'.,Eiýý,ýý,',.ýýýý . ., A . L'. .1

WN .1 "A.Ill ý"' ý- .- - , "W .'l_'!".,l..'- , ýP'.ý.'jv'ý'p ,i,'

A- M"AMM-52-4R., --- ' ý" ý "' .. 'ý' , "-'.ý , - , i , F -, ''- .1 ,ý I - . I .ý A

, ,

.IF,

-1 -

- -- . ,

' ""' -,

-"P

, 1

-vi

'N;-ý - ---'4.--'i

-, 3'_""' --

_ý. 'M , M, , . . _; lliýý'ý' -..y -?:?'..ýý,'ý"'ýýPA ,,,'A.;" ,,, "Piý:" _.5ia' 1".il, ý-ýýýýý-.4ý,.ýý.,-,ýFtý,;ýAý ,ý4ýýý- .M 8 2211 ".."'I . --

..

-V _ýý A'ýý . .I N L' , . .. '... :"- '_ , _-, ýý;x'ý.'.-F'pýt,-

u ý .

- W., 'ý"'

`l:'6'-1"'5V

I)Fllli.T ';%".,

- 1;M.N." j". ,. , . j4".""_ , . ", .." "'. - ,N-'

' , qý'_ýFý' 'fýý' 'faig , ý' -w -.---'P' 1- -- - M ý - - . , , '.. t "" " _'_ ý", .'.. r, ýý . .1 Z'lz"L W, g, - , I I ý_ 'ý- ''.ljý' 6, ý ;ý;-P - , , ýý , " - ' _W Z' "!UX

, "ý g - --7. _ý , -,- ýtýý 't, X _'';ý ý , , pl__'.ý .'iv 'ý " A, - .

W ... 1, 'V!&'jjSýAýý'% 2w_ F:'ý ý ., , ý..' ýi'_ ýý" , , ", , i, 14ý11Q"..ý' -"'ý" , '. Vý'ýýW-"ý .ý"Z."-' ý-ý'.'. " eý"ýý rP'RvlF2VVffiV ý' - . rl ýý'ý V ., ý'' 4w F.....' if . ';'."ý'k '' _11 . . . ."t., ý . R E . . ýr 4, ý, , :ý W, Fs4g': . . ",

- ". ý::; , ýq. NO 'N ý'ý , L441 ; .",., " ,,, Z...- . 'l. - ýý ý' ft d , N

-, 11 _' ý' ýý,-.' .. _' ý.", - -1-1'.'_'A_-l'l.- lýmt ý_ 46'. - ,,t " , -, - ,,;ý"4;ý'. ...

W196"I i R -'-, - - .ý-';-'-'_-,ý;'_ý . "1. a . ý'; o'Fj *ý -Tý"',";ý ' "-'ý"' ,ýýýýiýýýý,ý-,ý"-"ýý,--lýi:,:F.-;"L,ý__ R M , *. m W-11. I'll, _,ý' ý-ý"Fz, .ý *1 - , ,,,, _;-!ý "tt, '

_ý , '.' ,Llý*.A"'a' i-ý. - ,. . _ 'Tr"o, i,7.)'f-r'M' ý'11 1. ft ý- '%W. 'ýý" " _-`*qi ,.x - ý 'i . ýý_'m INýM I ý '* ..' W .; 'ý , ýý' -',ý :!.';ýý ,,71 -1 ý .t --i.

I . 49 ý -, 9" I -.0'M " - ": .ý ýM ý0 11V-"ý"' -,-.- "Ktr' ýýiii'7,m' -"ý-ý ..- ý' . "

If . " ý - IF ,;,4"zý.,!gv.,.-,T..,-,F"ýý....ýI I., w , ýWe -, y _ "..Wý 1ýf 4VA FA ...

ýl

%ý D 'i""'7' .,ý,,,ý7,..,.,-."ýl,!"4,ý,,,.ý", I ý'ýý ý ,;

.,,ý'ýa 'týku - ý , t" "vi, zl'_?ýý'ýý' I.; , "I. ý1ý11 ý,'; I-, I- 'týýi." -;'iý%-- M., I- .1 " .ý' , 1. -zn.. - - - - ;' - . . ý.');'t;ýý"* ipýý,.-,,ýý.ý,ý,ý,ý..ý,,ý,-ýý,,ýý!.-.'.ý.ýý.ý.- " -ý"c -'.ý I 2;':.R,ý;"ý ý '-" , I

. 'ý im. "".ý'@" , , '., . ; .

:: - -1 . m...'.ý , ý"- ý 'A't- g .v . , '- tl . , "',""'ej. 1 -ý'yý -.tl'.5ý' 'gtý ýA-,' .ý , ý -, - -'ýý]'ý':'!"'% -*ý.' :'Okr",ýt ý ulg"T'K " "ýI Y'. -'t -- i"'R5 v!m ... , ';ý' Y.ý - - ': Fý ý&ý - 1-1 I -.,..

"t 7'.- 8- ý'ý".'ý',ý ý".' , --'ý Z.ý.ý , Q . , I". ýi§It, - ip ,,, -'-'Rý-- -;t'7ý'.'-.*ý' " ý' -_!ý - ý- ý ý , 'M " * " il,

.ML ý 1- tM ý ý -1 ý A AR 'jq , i' ý ; ;' t' ý ý'.-'-ý, , - - . , *'" , , "t-z-."ý F Z ""l, R ýz l, ý-"Vý"' - ,,,,, , - -, x. ý- t, 5 , , 41A.", ý"",'ý.-"ýý- k -i- ýAtpf -ý g - -

,.ý,'. - ý t § ; F- -Vý".'ý ý '4 N V;;ý

'. _ '§ "

ýýý -ý' e _; "' w ý m"t ý .6 'ý.:.' '. -'ý'x: - " ýý'.',i"' '..", , -'. .' -- .-,:: ý -'.ýý' "".":7, "ý'Z-ý aý ý '.'g , " . ",

W, - I - ý' '2"' . ý t'ýý'It"ý,,ý,-ýl-lýl.,ýý'ý'.,ým ý,,ýýý,ý,,ý-,ýiýý. 3zýý.'*" tt' , ý- - ý. - " irg4, ME , m -ý -ý7--ý'ýP',ý .ý' __, - ýý ig ý o

R'r iýW 5"` - '_lk "' .; FF ý , wx 4,*

.. lp -7 I ,,"4 t'--'--".'ý'---' -. .ý" ý'..' - - - -"? I

_- .- NRISFAM -..*, ix ý - .' . .11 1ý 11 - t., I- .' . " K "_r

- I " " M, ,F` , ,ý I., , '. - , - 'I -lz;'l'."' . .'; . -- ' ,, _V";ý.'ý' , !!ý'ty -ýr,')"' -';,Fý1ý11_15 11, -

, ý . - _' I ,,,' ., , ,ý., "'R - .6 ", ý 0 ý- .K ý -y. , '.ý ýýý ', .. ".1 - " .." , M ý , , "' ".. I ýý'! , . , "'t, M k'ýtr4W .ý" " . - ý I ýk _,., I , "'ý." -1.11 -- ,

ýý'ý'ggf,'. . ; 0, 5 f g M p X ý' _ 'ý' -- l 'o' - -'! -ýý

- I , '; t .§ "I , 'ýý Pl. fl, It 7..'ý;:,"..4': ýý" '_ . , - 4'11ýý`'ý _.. , , '1ý1ý.-ý' " t _1

lyiý."'iE 1-51"ý':50 itA.%- w'lr- l" _ "ý"-4.',?'ý'F;ý--- - X.... 'F.ýi '..')...;- _ý,,,," ý 11 .,

E

-R", -.';-'ý6.,.", ," -'9

w , -og

lirl" ll.ýi"" - , A 'I'l.sa A -ý.- " Q;ý >'-ftýýi' -; -,-!ý '. -- - , ".. l:--'ý"."F`l-'-'- -ýý.;

ý""ý-ý .,

,47 , M . "". - A L , ;ý% _-'ýý ,,, , 'ý Sllý 1. ý - ,4ý

"I -D _!, 2' w " - I , -;,iT _ ý ý '. " , -M 6! -t" 'l -i 1, .- ý -1 - I-

I R1,14, ý , ,- zý§"ý ý.'l ;V ý , , ".i.'pg

llý - ý_N GO -I ", 1 -c'ý'-"';-"'j-.'f""-j 'ýý',"-'. , ,7'.-,ý' -ý_ . . , '1"ýý';." "'I",w

. , , '. J'!" . - _ _F't":'ý

- ,i - i " kl;,L jý , 44,!ýj' ý_ qf?_.ý._ý'ýý":'ý- " -"','ý ___ls'ý4 , '..

-_- ggg '- t!ý7glg 7ý- f w* 41-1- 1 1_1", *ý `.`tý_F_.". "', ..,", - - I W -'ý-.M'Z' 'ý * w-iTige;

ý' 41MI. zw.ý"ý1-4-`!3ý`,&

.,

'T!

*.

':ý5g-_ 'ý'& '

ý, "', .ý-;ý,';ýýf ,ý 'ý' ý'. -" -'11- jý. "", --- ' -- 4g . . , ,X'_

' -- " - 'ý

,4 ý v ,", , , :...ý , g .wý im 'ýj'!% '

, '- 1, ;t - . . Lýý' " ý _.'i ';....... ---- ý I '. i2 2 IV. - "" ý ", , , ý - -7, _ý!"--7'. ým -, ý 1). $ " im-'.%'%ý"

I.. 7ým -- . I - I - -- =1 11 . -f". . ý -. ' , _ `R,11_ý'1;14).ýl _ýt ýý, g _ g ", -, 1" ý. - ., - -- - - ' ", ,7 'o. 11

.......... .ý , , , W -ý" " __ - ' " O-Amp ",t , - ýw - ý -- ,ýýnw oý ' , yp ;' gg ",!-" 3&.. - , ...' I -.' ý". , , A, .qiw ' iý .. , . ", f; "ý' , _ "! g --tA-

y .ý

I

,

,. 1" J-ý. .ý'ý"'!ý ,

ý-';" 6,.'

I ý I

-ýýq ý, 'Qlý ý.

. ý ý' Pý* ,ý " ýý*q."

1. . O', _ Fb'_ ý I ý - * gý v.' " 'ý " '. -ý

tN.' 4

_'ý

, ý! ý

ýk`cý

-

.'.

- .'ýý , ý , 'r

,

ý .ý I All. 11.0 ,l 6

_ . " '.

ý " FF I41 q im`ý ,",-, ?'-'Tw.e4 - -q'wx'\ , - 1- :-

ý It llvwl " " , ý !'ýj ý 'ý__ýý - 4ý

M ,,!!Z,ýzvýi,&).ý--.,ýý,t,-I"ýýT;

-Trm rx.-ýnggg-

-, llý i_ '_ :ý I ý , !'ý _ ".

ý_ .r" -11 . - -1-1 -. ,i-.ý.,ýý,,,,ý,ýý',ilý,ýýý',,'-*ý,,;'.,,,ý- ""'.'i'5 R., -',',-.";--?f'k-'. 'k , ýý :17, .

'71 MR gjg'; 'gg - , ,f 514- ýýW'Zq'ý , l0i ;.r

"A ý iýQl I zQAXIMP ý':'ýý.'iý '7,F - . -1

Irg - -M .' IlW oc - ," - 't , - ý ý'ý"',"'t."t.,'ý'ýý,ý"ý,:--ý-.,-,.",,,ýý',-ý'ý,ý ýt,-.ý..""ýiý,-,ýi,-.,.,,'ý,ý:-ý,ý,ý,,,ý-.*,,-":,ý'..,;ýý,,'ý"."ft,'ýý',,ý.-ý-ý"-, - "F"ý&'fýý'tý'ý-' -ý.'ý., I . -i 'gý'.' A , _ - 1-M it'", - "-!ý'4*1' --ý, , - I

.' -1 M R etý , .."t ., iý,'M ý R ..ý ." - I 'Arl". ,,, -k ý ... .' -;;ýt... IV. jý' .'V-12'2",,ý '.-.ý5 ý _ýý; .. - - . F. , _!'p ýj , - -

1110 10 n I .t - ýk',t"'&.'ý-.1'.ý,!ýiýTlý,ýr"j-.iI t,ýý ,;"Pr?ý',1 " _W ýý, ý , , - I.4 ",N%-ý ý- --"i? - ly.:F"" ,I ý-"i - .""...' 'ý R I., -ý ,.".I 1. 4.,-, , t' CIA a I .; . .. " I ",. ,

Range Masters, Inc. is dedicated to the design and construction of durable, cost effective products"to meet the needs of today's range owner. The need is now greater than ever for safe,environmentally sound ranges. Tighter governmental regulations on firearm generated lead willsoon end the practice of firing into outdoor earth berms. Indoor ranges with steel trap ranges, with

-i. their incredible amounts of generated lead waste, will not escape the closer scrutiny. To combatthese range threatening problems, Range Masters, Inc. has developed a new system.

At Range Masters, Inc. our ballistic team has developed a revolutionary new family of productscalled the TEC System. The TEC System, or Total Entrapment Composite, utilizes particles ofrubber recycled from tires bonded together with a synthetic agent, additionally reinforced with

iKevlar®. Using this composite and our various product designs, we are able to provide anunmatched range of use.

To achieve a ballistically safe range, only two things need to happen. The projectile must be

1 controlled and then contained. Regardless of the angle of fire, nothing can return toward theshooter or firing line. In all TEC System products, angle of fire has no effect. Additionally, no

I I portion of the projectile escapes containment to return toward the firing line.

lI Beyond ballistic safety, there is the risk of long term lead exposure in firing ranges. Whenprojectiles strike traditional steel traps, they shatter, causing dramatic increases in airborne lead.3 With any TEC System product, any lead is contained, blocking re-entry to the range. Indoors, an80% to 90% reduction of airborne lead can be achieved with TEC Systems. (Varies by style of

I i ammunition vs. steel traps.)

I i Besides safety aspects, there are additional benefits to using TEC System products. High amongthese is reduced costs, both in clean up expenses and replacement of lead contaminated equipment.iISince the composite absorbs and contains the lead, it does not create hazardous waste. This greatly3 reduces the exorbitant expenses involved with clean up of hazardous or toxic materials.Additionally, since concentrations of airborne lead are reduced, mechanical range equipment is less3 ilikely to become lead damaged. Greater mean time between replacement results in less fundingspent on replacement or maintenance.

II

ii15 While TEC System products reduce costs, perhaps one of their premier assets is income generation.

Projectiles fired into and recovered from TEC System products can be resold to local primary

II smelting operations. Again, there is none of the regulatory problems of hazardous waste.

Ii Bullet Trap

jj RMI bullet traps offer the dependability and versatility demanded by modem shooting conditions.

ii The TEC System bullet trap is truly a bullet =.. The bullet is absorbed, unlike traditional steel

traps which merely create a ricochet. This absorption of the bullet is an important feature. It

1I permits the bullet to be decelerated with a considerable reduction in bullet fragmentation. The

extraordinary design of the RMI bullet trap offers a solution to several problems a range owner

II faces daily. Some of these problems are mechanical fail, lead build up, hollow point and steel core

ammunition usage, depth of trap, large components and complex equipment.

The RMI bullet trap uses no moving parts to trap or recover the bullets. An infallible system is

IIutilized to recover bullets... gravity. The bullets pass through the outer surface of the trap where

deceleration takes place. Without sufficient energy to re-enter the composite, the projectile then

falls through the channels inserted through the TEC System blocks to a recovery area. Unlike solid

rubber composites, these channels allow for expansion, due to the introduction of more projectiles.

ii Without room for expansion, projectiles will continue to mass bullets without relief In short order,

a dangerous situation can be reached, potentially causing fragmentation to return into the fire lanes.

! Due to the great variety of ammunition available to today's shooter, full control of what is fired may

not be achieved. Bullet traps must be able to provide safe containment no matter what typeammunition is used. RMI bullet traps accept hollow point and steel core bullets, without undue

wear, unlike steel traps that are rendered unsafe after limited uses of steel core bullets. Many

composite bullet traps use either hard rubber or plastic surfaces. These types are subject to rapid

deterioration when hollow point ammunition is used. Hollow point bullets are widely used in both

law enforcement and recreational shooting which account for a large portion of shooting in today's

l ranges.

Bullet trap depth is an important consideration when choosing range equipment. The RMI trap

requires approximately 30 inches of depth. This means a reduction in building construction and

iil

IIL

LLli

0 1--

I U>' 0

r-I z Icu <I-I -Fw u

Shoot House & Ballistic Panels

A split second is all you have to hit a moving target and a miss could cost you your life. This is a

real situation that law enforcement and military personnel face across the nation daily. The only

5 Iway to train for this type of shooting situation is realistic training. With this increasing need for

realistic live fire training, safety is paramount. Traditionally, live fire urban training was conducted

* in tire houses, wooden structures, and large outdoor ranges. These shooting environments all have

one thing in common - secondary missiles or ricochets!

Today, there is a solution to this serious and often life threatening condition. Range Masters, Inc.

offers several products to increase the safety of live fire training. The backbone of our product lineis the TEC System. The TEC System uses rubber particles from recycled tires bonded with a

1 synthetic agent and reinforced with Kevlar®. This product is not only cost effective, but also lessens

the ecological burden on the planet.

By utilizing the TEC System, the shooting environment can be customized to meet tactical training

3I requirements. One of the optional systems is sheet steel (ranging based on consumer specs from

mild to Brinell 500) faced with replaceable TEC System panels. This provides positive containment

* and increased safety.

The second option is our interlocking block system. This system employs a manageable solid block

that is simple to install. This is an important consideration when manpower is limited. With3 numerous configurations and the ability to create free standing walls, various training environments

can be used. Additionally, rubber composites, unlike wood, absorb great amounts of sound and

3 does not splinter. These are important factors when training requires a safe, durable product for

close orders training.IThe TEC System panels have been designed to meet several shooting requirements. The panels are

I produced under strict quality control. This allows for diverse product usage. The side wall panels

can be used for ground/floor covering. This will greatly increase the overall safety of the tactical

I shooting site.

I For conventional shooting situations, the panels are used to face baffles, safety ceilings, concrete

walls, and floors.

I

IIs

UOutdoor Ranges

From the time firearms were first used, outdoor ranges have been operated. Other than

U improvements in the areas of safety and back stops, most outdoor ranges have not changed.

I In most of today's outdoor ranges, the majority of back stops are still earth berms. Earth berms

must be periodically mined to recover lead. Earth backstops, though inexpensive to construct,

become costly over time. With the new increasing environmental pressures added to the rising cost

of professional recovery, earth back stops will soon be a thing of the past.

One of the major draw backs to the use of earth back stops is safety. Bullets will either ricochet

off or "roll over" the top of the back stop. There have been several attempts to curb these incidents

over the years. The only viable solution has been a shot fall zone! The large amount of land

I required for even 22 rimfire ammunition can easily exceed most project budgets.

I In the construction of range amenities wood, concrete and steel are used. These elements have

been for the most part used due to cost and availability. Today, range owners have a solution to

problems like wooden structures being decimated or law suits deriving from secondary missiles.

The TEC system products can be used to replace berms and earth back stops, RMI interlocking

blocks can be placed in a frame to fabricate free standing TEC walls. Interlocking blocks can be

used to retard erosion if your range currently contains a earth back stop. The TEC panels can be

I adhered to concrete or steel surfaces, allowing for the retro-fitting of most ranges.

I One of the most bothersome by products of firearm usage is sound. We offer various products and

techniques to conform to required sound levels. With the use of TEC system products, sound can

be channeled and absorbed. One of the techniques of sound abatement available are ribbed TEC

panels that can be adhered to the sides of wood or steel range dividers. Further, free standing

I walls can be cost effectively erected in problem areas to greatly reduce and channel sound down

range. If bench rests are used, we offer a portable sound suppression system that adjusts to

I standard bench rest height. This system will notably reduce the amount of sound exiting the range.

The suppression system is designed to absorb part of the sound and channel the remaining sound

waves down range. These inexpensive systems can increase shooting comfort while decreasing the

amount of sound exiting your range.

I

C, ; ,C)U ,Co o Oj 'u

c1 n JII ."

Xo Lo 0U• do X:LAx 'o

IIu

- -4-4

0

i-4

_0

' -I 6>J

F'-c1u

K4D

!3 Military Ranges

Range safety is one of a commander's most critical task in conducting any live fire exercise. RMI

clearly leads the industry in this area. All members of our research and design team have served in

the military and conducted range training for several years. With a vast amount of hands-on

3 experience we were able to develop products to meet the specific needs of military ranges.

11 M-16A2 ZERO Range

3 One of the most important elements in qualification is a properly zeroed weapon. With the addition

of RMI products your current zero range will become safer and have needed amenities.IIWith safety being the primary concern, we have developed a new baffle system which allows the

individual zeroing to acquire his/her target while restricting the elevation of their weapon. The

baffles are faced with TEC panels that, in the event of a misplaced shot, will absorb the projectile.III By replacing the front of existing earth back stops with a RMI modular bullet trap, there will be no

imbedded rounds or rock to create an unsafe training environment. By using baffles with the bullet

II 5trap, elevation can be controlled to keep rounds from being fired over the bullet trap.

Lane separators can be added at the firing line. The separators are designed to protect personnelfrom being struck by either brass or ground ricochet from a misguided round. An optional mat may

"-I 3 be placed between the lane separators. These mats will provide a non-slip surface and when placedon a slight grade permit water to drain away from the firing position.

To augment the RMI M-16A2 zero range we offer a revolutionary target holder. Our holders are

"- 3 constructed with a solid sheet of TEC system. The targets are simply stapled to the face of the

sheet. The holders reduce the projectiles velocity and thus, increase the durability of the bullet trap.ii The TEC system sheets are far more durable than wood or other similar materials. With increased

durability the overall cost of range operation is reduced.

liji

Ic0 v 0m

3 ~k

m

IIIII

0II a)

mI 5.'

'UIa)

U-

a)Ig 'U

QU- 4.e.J'U

.'� 0Ii �;�FU � a) .- 5.4

IiIiI,IIII

I

I

* TARGET BACKING CURTAINS

I IT'S CURTAINS FORBACKSPLATTER ANDU LEAD CONTAMINATION

Two of the biggest dangers youface at indoor shooting rangesI are about to bite the dustthanks to LINATEX TARGETBACKING CURTAINS.

I Made from LINATEX, thecurtains self-seal instantly whenpierced by ammunition, leavingonly a pin-prick sized hole.Ricocheting backsplatter andlead particulates are effectivelycontained, even at close range,avoiding contamination of thefiring area.

U PROTECT THE SHOOTER NRAapproved

WITH LINATEX Cut-away view of a LINA TEX TARGET BACKING CURTAIN in action.TE M T See reverse side for typical range layout.I--- THE SAFEST, MOST

ECONOMICAL TARGET FEATURES & BENEFITSBAC(•ING AVAILABLE.B N A Prevents dangerous backsplatter and ricochets.LINATEX curtains lastthousands of rounds and have * The screening effect provided by the LINATEX curtainbeen used successfully with substantially reduces airborne lead fumes and makes.22 calibre, 38 wad cutter, 44 it much easier to extract fumes from the range.I. magnum, 6.5mm, .303 calibre,.357 magnum, 45 auto and * LINATEX is self sealing. Under tests, a small LINATEXI 9mm ammunition. In addition curtain, 1/4" thick x 2' x 2' had only a small hole afterto lasting thousands of rounds, some 25,000 rounds of .303 calibre had been fired throughLINATEX TARGET BACKING the curtain.I_ CURTAINS can be easilyrepaired with a simple patch kit. * Noise reduction. Reflected noise off the backstop

is confined.This unique material is used byhundreds of military, police, o Unlike other target backings such as canvas, paper,

S government and private indoor plywood or particle board, LINATEX does not fragment orranges throughout the United disintegrate into small particles which could cause foulingStates. Ask for our user list. of air purification units on indoor facilities. See illustrations

on reverse side.

I Continued on back.

'SAVAGE___I=RANGE__

S)YSTEM INC

PASIEr BULLET & hP Proviwmding a 'One Stop' full service.Itothe Firearms Industry and allI,

shoigIags.I

Mo

......Iý ,.:

I7

*

SAVAL6ERAN6E SYSTEMS liNc PRESENTS3O.

U PASSIVE BULLET TMAPS-'-, •.... -- '~tt Ra]nge & [reD CySCIm

/A ufacturers of a complete line of patented "wet" traps and ranges that provide superior lead dust control, shooterr'r ction from particle "spit back" and complete bullet recovery. Using the laws of nature to capture a bullet, the

Sr Uil" system deflects, hydroplanes and decelerates by lubricated centrifugal friction. In less than two seconds and51revolutions, a bullet will generally stay intact and fall into a collection tray for ease of recycle or disposal.)Elgned for firearm, ammo and accessory manufacturers, gunsmiths, armorers, ballistic labs. range facilities andonrnment firearm training and qualifying establishments.

I DUEL\TRQON TARGET SYSTEMS

)ffsrs more than 20 years experience in the design, manufacturing and service support of quality portable and per-

tently mounted electronic, pneumatic (air driven) and wireless target systems. Choose from handheld portableopup targets, portable cable and track mounted Running Man target systems to permanently installed computerotoiled target ranges to fit nearly every budget and firearms training requirement.

R5 RANGE 5ERVICECrcides engineering, planning, equipment selection, budgeting and installation support for indoor and outdooringes. Will provide air quality monitoring, range retrofit and regular maintenance programs.

'RIDUCT DESCRIPTION & INDEX CATALOG PAGE

irerms clearing and precaution trap. Page 3IM:IRE TRAP31 nction and targeting of all rim-fire firearms. Page 3Ul4SMITH SERIESe.jned for function firing of handguns, shotgun and rifles up to .50 cal. Page 4QiTRAP SERIESsed by firearm, ammo and accessory manufacturers, for testing, proofing, functioning, and Page 5rc:eing handguns, shotguns and rifles up to .600 Nitro Express.

,OR and OUTDOOR RANGES"igineered to fit all existing and proposed range facilities. Page 6UI ATRON PORTABLE AT-37 WIRELESS)r§ombat shooting scenarios with up to 15 individual targets as far away as 300 yards. Page 7\IEUMATIC TARGET SYSTEMSgt reliable. portable and permanent, low cost & minimum maintenance target systems. Page 8JNING MAN TARGET SYSTEMS3si ned for combat training, portable or permanent, and adapts to numerous field conditions. Page 9_oKLAR BALLISTIC PANELSel es combat villages that are infinitely adjustable and interlocking. May be used for ballistic Page 10il coverings and baffle systems..LRET CONTROL SYSTEMS and ACCESSORIESirleless. pneumatic and electronic controllers. Page 10/11,_IE SERVICES INC.ol•es full engineering support services and maintenance programs. Page 12

* BOX TRAP SERIESBOX TRAP SERIESGeneral DescriptionOne-piece box trap. Designed for function, targeting and velocity test-ing. Includes one-piece welded construction, impeller pump, collectiontray and tank to contain and recycle liquid. Ideal for firearms and ammomanufacturers. Center line of hit area to floor is 53" standard. Non-standard applications can be accommodated upon request.

MODEL R24 24" x 24" target area, and rated for .600 nitroexpress (no steel core).

MODEL RA24 Same as above with optional replaceable ramps.designed to withstand armor piercing (non-Sabot).

MODEL R36 36" x 36" tartet area, and rated for .600 nitroexpress (no steel core).

3 MODEL RA36 Same as above and designed with replaceableYODEL R24 ramps to withstand armor piercing bullets (non-

Sabot).

IODEL R48 48" x 48" target area, and rated MODEL RA48 Same as above, and designed withfor .600 nitro express (no steel replacement ramps for armor pierc-3 core). ing bullets (non-Sabot).

oAVY DUTY BOX TRAP

M2 MACHIE GUIA

Ineral Description For armor piercing applications. ramps can be boltedDesigned for military and firearm/ammo manufacturers, together for ease of removal and replacement.t~s trap is mobile, sectional and perfect for testing Designed to withstand a M2 machine gun in full autoI :j e caliber machine guns, up to .50 cal. in steel core. belt-fed mode at a typical distance of 30 meters. indoorCan be fabricated to suit application and building or outside.rrtraints. Bullets are collected in a basket above ther ycling tank.

5

O.U2R'~~aNTA1:G'Et -SYYSTEM] 3DULAR BALLISTIC PANELS (MBPs)A~rking with recycled rubber tire products, DUE-

RON has created the proprietary MBP System,or use in the construction of live fire CombatVeges and protective ballistic coverings for indoor

Ses. DUELATRON MBPs are bonded with spe-sial compounds and reinforced with Kevlar synthet-cr naterials to create ballistic walls, ceilings, baf-I1, floors and modular (moveable) panels which

NI stop live fire pistol rounds and shotgun slugs:o1 truly safe 3600 shooting environment.

Jn-ike traditional ballistic wall coverings and bafflesT--rde from plywood bases, DUELATRON MBPs

•i rubber based, sound absorbent, have non-;platter/ricochet qualities and are designed for long

in indoor and outdoor environments. Availabler4 variety of colors and textures (including3mooth and ribbed surfaces, as well as interlockingrlstanding components) these moveable wallsar3 ballistic wall coverings can be easily attached MBP LIVE FIRE ASSULT HOUSEo wood, steel, concrete or painted surfaces.

TARGET CONTROL SYSTEMS AND ACCESSORIESA handheld wireless target transmitter, capable of cont-rolling up to 15 targets individually (or 15 clusters of tar-gets) or all targets simultaneously, as far away as 300yards in all directions.

* Manual (switch operated) target controllers for 5, 10and 15 pneumatic targets, allowing both individual andin unison control of all targets.

/ * Programmable solid-state Timers with variable delaytimes (from 0-99 seconds) and variabie target exposuretimes (from 0-999 seconds) in one second increments.

....•. *Portable PC Range Computers capable of controlling

100 targets individually or in various combinations. Withthe exclusive DUELATRON RCS (Range ControlSystem) software package, virtually any basic qualifica-

=DIO TRANSMITTER MANUAL CONTROLLER tion through advanced firearms training course can beimagined via manual, variable timed courses or user) LLATRON offers a wide variety of target control written programs.

;y..cjems for operating wireless, pneumatic and elec-

Il c target systems. For example....

n

I ?)PASSIVE B ULLET TRAPSIN.*1 ~~'.Wet'ýPng &.Trap Systems-

Model 0P96

!OUTDOOR AREA RANGE SERIES

I

General Description Model OP96 Outdoor area range, sectionsD esigned for outdoor use, this Pumpless wet range 81 x 8' average width and height.system will protect the environment from lead con- Rated for all handguns up to .50tamination. Liquid is contained in the lower part of AE. Each unit weights 5,200 lbs.I the deceleration chamber, so that bullets wipe through

and automatically wet the inside of the chamber. Model OR96 - Outdoor area range, 8'x 8'Individual sections are joined together to create average width and height. Rateddesired width, according to the number of shooter for all rifles up to .50 caliber, no

stations required. steel core or AP rounds.

I Collection takes place at the rear of the system, Model ORA96 - Rated for armor piercing andand bullet material can be removed (a) manually, steel cored bullets. (Designed forI (b) bucket and hoist or (c) conveyor, specific user applications.)

I

d/o Savage Arms, Inc., Springdale Road, Westfield, Ma. 01085 ° 413-568-7001 ° Fax 413-562-7764

TARGET

r7:

7.

6 0 -JK

SBu~ildin AS|TIONF ii igiT ring Range

From the ground up, Action Target is the leader in firing rangedevelopment and range equipment. Whether you are beginninga completely new project, expanding your existing facility, orlooking for a single target to sharpen your skills, Action Targetcan help you. Action Target is unsurpassed in all facets of rangedevelopment, and is uniquely qualified to help you meet your

.: "-•:.individual needs.

Our primary concern is not just selling range equipment, butmaking sure you get the right equipment for your firearmstraining needs. The right equipment must not only meet yourvaried training requirements, but must also be installed properlyand function dependably in all conditions. We are constantlyimproving the quality and design of our products to meet yourtraining needs. With Action Target you can be sure that you aregetting the best equipment value for your training dollar.

Because getting the proper equipment is just one part of the totalrange design process, Action Target is ready to help you addressall major design issues. We install more ranges each year thananyone else in the industry, and we understand the complexitiesof range design, construction, and maintenance. Our servicescan help you select an appropriate site, make cost and budgetprojections, conform to local and federal governmentregulations, and meet safety requirements.

Every project, from the largest government or municipal trainingfacility to the smallest local range, benefits from the expertise ofthe engineers and installers at Action Target. However, there aresome cases when your range needs may require morespecialized assistance. Even in these circumstances, ActionTarget can help. Because of our reputation, we have developedcontacts with top professionals in many related industries. Wecan refer you to those people, some of whom provide services atlittle or no cost, who will most effectively address yourspecialized range needs.

Action Target's goal is to make your training practical, safe,dependable, and cost effective. We have the benefit of seeingmore ranges, installing more systems, and working with moreprofessional trainers and departments than anyone else in theindustry. No one is more qualified to help you meet your traininggoals or specific range requirements than Action Target. Please"call me to discuss your range training needs, concerns, andquestions.

I • "M. Scott Roberts

STARGET..

~~~~~~~I 2 P1R I I - _ C 1o 10 sr Aýc RO I• A11 I CABL •D T P•T E C L OCTfS EA •P

.S.PPateOntPndigAY

The TOTAL CONTAINMENT TRAP (TCT) is simply the best overall solution for ranges where safety, reliability, lowmaintenance, and ease of use are top priorities. Action Target's TOTAL CONTAINMENT TRAP has overcome theproblems of other inferior designs which do not provide for close-distance shooting or for shooting with high powerrounds. The advanced design of the TCT uses a gracefully sloping funnel to safely direct rounds into a large chamberwhere they can be stopped with complete safety. The TCT can be safely used for handgun, shotgun, and most high power

S rounds, and is ideal on both indoor and outdoor ranges. The TCT is an independent, free-standing structure, so it can beinstalled with minimal preparation on nearly any range site.

The TCT's all-steel construction and funnelling action provide the only bullet containment and splatter protection yourrange will need. There are no costly, high-maintenance shields or curtains of any kind required. Remember, the "TotalContainment" concept means containment of bullets, containment of ricochet and splatter, and containment of ongoingrange maintenance expenses.

Once the bullets have been collected in the main chamber, a number of debris removal systems may be used to extractthe spent rounds. Such systems range fromsimple pull-out trays to fully automatedconveyor belt drives. Call Action Target for O~~ ~S~*\assistance in deciding which configurations arebest suited to your specific needs.

O This drawing is for example only and is not to scale.I Contact Action Target for actual blueprints.

\1- -0 PI CONCRETE

I i U.S. Patent Pending1 Ranges with space limitations can be served well by •'•

the Action Target Low Profile Trap (LPT). The LPT_•[ breaks the bullet into small pieces, directing them into

I the collection bins at the base of the trap. This makes ita simple process to recover the lead and clean the trap.The LPT uses a very small amount of floor space, andS. . .allows the target to come within inches of the trap.

J 7,1

Action Target offers a portable bullet trap for use in conjunction with theMATCH systems, or for use in other tactical applications. Contact oursales staff for more information. IN

I Technical Range AssistanceTechnical assistance is available from Action Target for your range design. You can save a lot of time and headache ifyou let our engineers and sales staff work with you to determine what equipment fits your specific needs and budget. 'I Action Target supports three bullet traps as stock products. Additionally, we can assist you with everything from a simple •sand berm designs to high-power water traps. Action Target can help you avoid many expensive pitfalls by providing youwith information on environmental concerns, legal issues, and new technology.

3 Questions & AnswersSQ: Why would a bullet trap be needed on an outdoor range?

A: With the lead containment and environmental issues so prevalent today, it is becoming more evident that ,-- capturing and safely disposing of our lead projectiles makes a lot of sense.

S Q: Can both handguns and rifles be fired on any type of bullet trap?

I A: Of the traps made by Action Target Inc., The Total Containment Trap may be used to contain bothhandgun and rifle ammunition. The Low Profile Trap should only be used with lower velocity rounds.

I Q: What kind of service and maintenance is required for a bullet trap?

A: The amount of maintenance depends on the type of trap you choose. Contact Action Target for a free video 4

describing the different kinds of bullet traps available.

10I'I

I

:~% 6¶i~o ~ b.,,

Safety is the main requirement in shooting ranges. .

The use of REGUPOL is imperative.

"REGUPOL products are used as the floor covering,wall- and ceiling padding as the REGUPOL safetyfeatures ensure the best possible protection againstI- ricochets.

Floor RecommendationsREGUPOL special floor, consisting of:REGUPOL-elastic tilesSize: 500 x 500 x 43 mmColour: black

Il Surface: covered with a 2 mm thick, seamlesspolyurethane coating.

A test certificate issued by the Shooting Institute Ulm,is applicable to this floor surface (test no. 1211.1/M

S~89024).

Important: the seamless PU-coating makes wetcleaning possible, resulting in the complete removalof unburned powder deposits.Alternative:"REGUPOL-elastic tilesSize: 500 x 500 x 43 mm _ __. .. _ ..Colours: black, red-brown, green __- ,, - ,,,_

* loose laid.

Walls and ceilingsREGUPOL-elastic tiles - size and colour asindicated above - screwed on wooden battens redu-ce the incidence of ricochets in the range.

ButtSpecial construction with REGUPOL-elastic tiles -as described above -

REGUPOL shooting blocks REGUPOL products are also usedSize: 500 x 300 x 200 mm in outdoor shooting ranges.Colour: red-brown.in addition Cladding of concrete walls and

REGUPOL roll material shields with REGUPOL-elastic tileswidth: 1.250mm Size: 500 x 500 x 43 mm.

thickness: 10 to 20 mm REGUPOL is also recommendedcolour: black to cover steel shields using a sand-

as a protective curtain against shrapnel in the butt. wich type construction.REGUPOL-elastic tiles

Safety by experience type: profiledConstruction and performance of shooting ranges size: 500 x 500 x 50 mmrequire a high degree of responsibility. REGUPOL structure: + 4 mm aluminiumguarantees safety through many years of experience, backingThis is why the GSG 9 recommend the full facility befitted with REGUPOL-elastic tiles to ensure complete For floor surfacing in outdoor areassafety. - access roads, firing positions

Please contact us and we will show you shooting etc. - we recommendranges, where the full requirements of safety andsecurity have been achieved with REGUPOL REGUPOL-interlocking pavementproducts. tilesp ctype: Behaton-form

thickness: 43 mmcolour: red-brown

30X60e i),

R E G LIXlostik ..... ...... .

............W "Y'll 0,4

MX

l"i4i!Mi TiM 1! 1: ;:1 lj:T Tg

if! U;iff;INM' I I if

mlif _0)ig:

ifN.Nli I. iý

:T4

IM i if il

1i S..

M

Ow 0)

Ll

IMM LIJ..........

0

c CLL C3 Z_

_)c CD0 U

e vi C1.)c OD (a) 0

Pinýsh 75

UýE'ý (J L

COak T_ _.r -I2mm PU 0Spcchteýung se k-\\es 14 L-C,REGU POL 4 3 rnm \ý?o m 3 ýýi V

Pu-Klebeýco

co coCD o

_jCc 0

0ý Z. ITw

co cr,

Ubers .&tszeichnung NF.

exomnlp Hr-n\Allnn F11-

MAILING ADDRESS: 3030 S. Valley Viewc 1l).

SHOOTING RANGES Las \veas, Nevada 8910 02) ( -- (s--SHIPPING ADDRESS: 3240 =D Sirius

INTERNA TIONAL Las Vegas Ne-at 012

H SHOOTING RANGES INTERNATIONAL, INC., (SRI) recognizes the growing demand for professional designedand operated indoor shooting ranges. The need for quality, functional, and safe shooting range equipment has cometo the fore-front of today's shooting industry. Indoor shooting ranges offer the following objectives in gun use andI ownership:

* Firearm education - Controlled shooting environment* Safety • Positive firearm profileI •Training e Environmentally safe for noise and contaminates* Year-round operation

SRI BACKGROUNDI The principals at SRI have an extensive background in the following four major areas that will benefit you as apotential range owner:

RANGE OPERATIONSWith over ten years experience in operating the largest indoor shooting range in Nevada, SRI can assist you in allareas of range ownership and daily operations. With this working knowledge comes the experience of range materialsand equipment.

METAL FABRICATIONMetal fabrication and materials is of major importance to the success of your range equipment. Our metal fabricationf acility bas been involved in all aspects of metal work and forming. All of our metal fabrication is done in-house.Range components are designed and engineered with specified metals and fabrication requirements.

CONSTRUCTIONWith the working knowledge of general construction we can assist you in most areas of planning and building yourown facilities. This assistance will save valuable time and money in expediting your construction process.

HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)Indoor shooting ranges have specified requirements for air filtration of smoke, lead and air-born particles. HVAC forindoor ranges is a major concern. With over 35 years experience in the HVAC industry, at a commercial level, SRI isH your complete in-house service for HVAC design and engineering.

ADDITIONAL OPTIONS OFFERED BY SRI INCLUDE:H Full HVAC design * Complete range starter packages * On-the-job training* Technical assistance * Various range releases

SRI's P393 Pistol & R493 Rifle Bullet TrapsOur patented vertical chamber completely traps the bullet when entering

the helical which forces bullet velocity reduction causing the bullet andf ragments to fall harmlessly through the funnel into the bullet storagecontainer, located below. Lead collection for recycling is as easy as changingcollection containers.

* EPA regulations for air filtration and lead clean-up are addressed with thissystem. Offered with each trap is a direct air exhaust hook-up. Thus all freeairborne particles in the trap are exhausted to and collected in the airf iltration system. Because of these features, employee's exposure to leadcontamination is kept to a minimum. SRI bullet traps offer the following:

* Free standing - self supporting.H • All materials are angle designed for minimum wear.- Modular design conforms to buildings' various dimensions. Behind the P393 Bullet Trap System. bolt- Superior bullet containment. on lids can be removed for inspection. An

optional exhaust lid may be used to vent* Direct air filtration trap exhaust hook-up. and filter traps directly. Containers are in* Low cost to install and maintain. place to collect the trapped lead bullets.

U SHOOTING RANGESIAPTERIVA TIOZATAL

SRIrS PIUS !TO~L & R4-3~ RIFLE2 BULLET TRFAPS

The SRI bullet trap actually traps the bullet when it entersI the helical which forces bullet velocity reduction until thebullet and fragments fall harmlessly through the funnel into[he bullet storage container.. Lea--d collection for recycling

is as easy as changing collection containers..

EPA regulations -for air -filtration and lead clean, up areI addressed with this system.. Each trap comes with a directair exhaust hook u~p.. Thlus~, all free airbor'n particles inthe C_ tr-ap atre e xha us ted to0 and Collected in the? air-filtration System.. Because of these features, employeeexposure to lead contamination is kept to a minimum. SRIbullet traps offer the following:

I A Free standing-requires no building support..All1 materials are angle designed for minimum wear.

Yý Modular design con-forms to buildings various dimgension.,

SSuperior bullet containment..SDirect air filtration trap exhaust hook ulp.SLow cost to install & maintain..

COPEEIIH AEBLE RPSSE.ALSTECOPNNSARIEESDINOVV"SAA0FCRT

ILMNA "t.PSDEGS

ISHOOTING RANGES

INTERNVA 770TVAL

IIII

Ps93 M•STOLM TRAPSVIT WH TARGET37RETRIEVAL ENDS.

III

I 4"E-GUARDHANGING FROM ASTANDARD ROOFTRUSS SYSTEM,

I '

I

m AStudy and Research Divisin

Mechanic

Operative

04

0.

114

4b P

'C b

0 mA

IIIII

Lead and lead-poisoning in bones. From such organsdangers lead is eliminated slowly

through faeces or saliva, orLead is a metal which comes more rapidly, in case ofin natural state in the form of intoxication of chronical or"galena" (or lead-sulphide). saturated subjects. TheLead is highly poisonous to pathologic syndrome of leadhuman organism when intoxication is calledassimilated pure or as alloys SATURNISM or LEAD-or compounds. POISONING. It affectsThe most common occasions digestion and circulation,of lead assumption are kidneys, nervous and bonerepresented by industrial systems. Symptoms areprocesses concerning lead: characterized by anemia,mining of raw mineral, high stomach and gastroduodenaltemperature processing diseases, hyperazotemia,involving fumes or dusts high-blood pressure, brainoutput, manufacturing or use pathologies with paralisis ofof lead objects or its peripherical nerves and, incompounds (parasiticides, some cases, death.dyes, mordants, polyvinyl- To a correct diagnosis it isresins stabilizers, alloys for important to demonstrate theprinting types or parts of direct exposure of victims toU internal combustion engines), lead fumes, dust or smoke inmanufacturing of battery such a quantity as to causeplates or of special glasses. intoxication. Therapy providesIn addition to the above for immediate removal ofmentioned causes, affecting intoxicated subjects from themostly people directly dangerous activity.concerned with special Prevention operates reducingmanufacturing, others, polluting activities andrepresented by lead controlling production andcontained in food and by use of lead substances orhydrocarbon polluting the air alloys. In high risks subjectsof our towns, affect the (such as firing groundpopulation in general. instructors), the action of leadAssimilated through breathing on blood can dangerously, beor food, lead deposits in red coupled with that of carbon-blood cells and thereat in oxide formingliver, kidneys and ultimately carbossihaemoglobin.

I

*NI The problem of lead oxide

in indoor firing grounds , 47

In western Europe countries, v , ;progressive urbanization,

I high density of populationand road networks make - , .more and more difficult the , . , . ,•

survival of outdoor firing ... .

grounds. Today, the trend istoward hypogean or indoorI firing grounds. t " -In these structures, though,the problems of lead oxideand the need to expel it by ...

previous filtrage of fumes and Vdusts remain unsolved.

* The impact of a military-typebullet against a buffer screengenerates a very high

* temperature which vaporizesthe lead part of the ogiveand pulverizes the coat,

I producing fumes made oflead oxide and microscopicmetal particles.

* In average size firing grounds8000 shots are fired eachday; consequently, theabove-mentioned processinvolves 73 kg of lead, nickeland copper each day (23tons a year) which aretransformed in highly toxicfumes. To eliminate dust and

I smoke without danger forman and environment, afiltering device capable oftreating 6 million cubicmeters of air per hour, wouldbe needed. Such structure ispractically impossible torealize.The lack of a solution to theproblem of eliminating leadoxide from firing grounds hasrepresented so far a greatobstacle to the training of

I military detachments notprovided with outdoor firinggrounds, while indoor training

I has requested more than arisk in terms of physicalhealth.

.Al

The FRA.SA., in two years' maintenance. The solutionhighly costly experimentations came when, leavingand studies, has apart traditional systems,tested all already-known a completely innovativesolutions, their structure was devised.

S.....effectiveness and possible The innovation• :•-• ....... ::improvements. started a new era in

...... ' ...... :.......... •Among more usual, gas indoor firing grounds,filtering and digestion, which eradicating from the source

is however too complex the causes of lead oxide- :-Q..•., Q ::.{]•and expensive. Moreover, its fumes inside the firing

S...•-,•.•. :• :•- ... - -•purification effectiveness is no ground.-m ,i•Q Qmore than 60% and involves With this new sy/stem, Italy•.• " •"-• :.the dloublefold problem places itself in the van

of 1) releasing into the in the field of indoor firingThe Fatmosphere fumes not grounds building for war

hihcompletely purified weapons and greatand 2) finding a place to volumes of firingdischarge polluted filters activities.which no local administration The innovation consistswould allows in a bullet buffer madeEqually unfitting were of elastomeric granules keptthe "Energy-lowering shieldsc together only by theirbecause of high costs, short very same weight, in whichduration of diaphrams noses plunge slowing down

Pn throubefod/ proble plcs1tef1ntha

Np �4

* '�

a � -"�4% -;'-�

� ;- -

3*i�" �" ¾'' '4 t" 'itw '%A"-%,

"'Ar �4t� �i94r

S �i�a�jfj � �t "'V" .�

t444

44' -A 'I �'''-"-5

- A

-4

It

- '' A"''

'4 411,4 �'4' -�

"� �Ii"''� t ttrvt5t� 4'� '*s m t N

,tt�' �'t� -- I

'wzPt5ti<- 'I ��""

'�, ,'�"%' 'I

'4 4 1;

� ŽQt3A��

44'

"*-'- ""A'

so as not to suffer alterations The very nature of the some of the advantages andof any kind except that of polimer assures high new applications the"rifling, resistance to ageing and self- innovation offers to firingThe elastomeric granules extinguishment, which is grounds.screen looks like atrapezoid increased by the addition of The main advantage that thebulwark running along the special substances. In ELASTOMERIC GRANULARwhole length of the terminal addition, the mineral charges SCREEN offers is the solutionwall of the shooting lines. The contained in the spongy to the problem of lead oxide,screen is equipped with mass grant thermoacoustic because the screenmechanisms which reshape, insulation and eliminates from the origin theautomatically and hydrorepellence. cause which generates it: incontinuously, its geometry fact, firing grounds whichwhich the impact of bullets shall adopt the new structuretends to modify. The will not have at all to dealreshaping is so rapid that the Advantages and new with this problem, nor they"hole" of the ogiva is sutured possibilities offered by shall have to worry aboutbefore the following bullet FRA.SA. I violation of anti-pollutionreaches the screen, even in regulations. In addition, anthe case, almost impossible The value of an innovative indoor firing ground free fromto happen, that the following technical solution lies in the lead fumes offers moreogiva, shot from an automatic advantages and in the security, internal and external,gun, had the very same additional possibilities it offers in comparison to outdoortrajectory. as regards to traditional ones. The absence of leadAs to the material of the solutions. Some of the oxide filtering devices shallelastomeric granules, it is an advantages of FRA.SA. 10 are not create problems ofinsulating sponge deriving evident, others came out by impeachments or complaintsfrom a polimer made of experience: it's usual with in case of malfunctioning.nitrilic rubber and PVC easy, but revolutionary Rebounding of bullets fromtreated with puffing agents. solutions. Hereunder are the Elastomeric Granular

A,

IJT

* Screen is practically spontaneously; in case ofimpossible. need it can be destroyedTest shots fired against by incinerator or it

* the area immediately can be re-used in housingaround the screen always hit thanks to its high soundthe screen itself absorption quality as filling ofI without lead losses or anti-acoustic hollow spaces.damage of the ogive coating. The impact of tracer bullets

The overall weight of the makes on the screenscreen and of its equipment the same almost undetectableis inferior to that of effects of normal ogives.conventional hard In normal hard bullet

I buffers. buffer screens, the noiseThe mechanical part of of the impact of the ogiveFRA.SA. 10 is much simpler sums up its decibels to that w

* and less expensive of the shot. In firing grounds

than a lead oxide equipped with electronic

purifier. Running costs of score indicators, such

* such mechanical part are echoes may distort scoring.

much less expensive than Anomalous shots canrebound ogives on indicators

any uriyingdevcelocated at targets feetI Energy consumption ofFRA.SA. 10 is only 10-20% and damage them.

This will not happen withof the total energyFR.AI°

* consumption of an indoor FRA.SA. 10.

firing ground. But the far most impressing

Control and maintenance of and almost unexpected

U FRA.SA. 1° can be made result of the research is that

occasionally by non elastomeric granular screens

specialized staff, leave ogives practically intact.

The elastomeric granules do Just grazed by the rifling,not lose their characteristics the could be salvaged bybecause of oxidation or re-gauging, or the metal

* absorption of bullets kinetic might be retrieved by fusion.* energy. The duration of the In addition, the rifling trace

elastomeric screen is at could tell of the state* least equal to that of of wear of weapons,

conventional buffers. In and the identical weightcase of decrease of the of the retrieved ogives could

* granules volume (signalled allow easy calculation of theby sensors or found out bullets used (by means of adirectly), all losses can be piece-counting balance)

I 'topped up" in the mass especially in Police firingmovement circuit or directly grounds where Parabellumin the elastomeric cal. 9 bullets are almostI screen, exclusively used.FRA.SA. 10 does not have In addition to the abovedelicate or complex devices mentioned advantages, the,

I difficult to replace: FRA.SA. ABSORBINGboth static and dynamic parts ELASTOMERIC GRANULARare simple and resistant. SCREEN offers otherThe material of granules is advantages that hardabsolutely fire-repellent and traditional screens cannot ,5"',does not take fire give: the absence of lead

NE

"Ali fumes allows the presence of substitution of wood bullet- : both indoor and outdoor buffers still used.

firing grounds within the In many firing grounds builtrange of inhabited by FRA.SA. the overhangingsettlements. In high cost area may be used for other

. urban areas, it might be purposes, even in case of aconvenient to install civilian water-bearing stratum justfiring grounds in basements two meters from the surface.or depots, etc.. The dimensions of theAn Elastomeric Screen would FRA.SA. Elastomeric Granularalso be very useful in civilian Screen can be adapted tofiring grounds where short civilian long or shortdefence weapons or hunting weapons, even automatic,rifles are used, because of and to military automaticthe same lead oxide weapons. The screen can

problem. The adoption of even absorb the impact ofFRA.SA. 1° in outdoor firing non-explosive machine-gungrounds would eliminate the bullets. The absence of leadcontinuous and expensive oxide allows continuous and

wvI '~,'A

/ ..p: :

I simultaneous use of a great Elastomeric Granular Screen.number of guns, which firing The Caserma Italia is

I volume would create equipped with the mostproblems to any depuration advanced and sophisticatedsystem. If the ongoing security systems, as theresearch for new and pamphlet shows. It can beimproved solutions would considered the mostidentify a material more advanced structure of its

I suitable or more convenient kind. The screen, which is anto the functions carried on by integral part of the wholethe elastomeric granules of structure, has been tested,

I FRA.SA. I°, they may be under our request, by the ,easily replaced. In fact, National Test Stand of •\:jL.emFRA.SA. 1° is equipped with Portable Firing Weapons at

I an automatic cleaning out Gardone V.T. and wasdevice. The back of the declared absolutely andElastomeric Screen rests on a completely qualified for its

* vertical balistic steel wall functions. Each part of thewhich serves as ultimate FRA.SA. 10 is worldwidewichaserves asutimatle. Ttrade marked. The FRA.SA. 10impassable obstacle. This Company has beencharacteristic allows the fitting collaborating with the Italian* of FRA.SA. I° structures to Armed Forces for more thanhard buffer screens with a decade realizing numerousrelatively low costs. These, in traditional firing grounds allbrief, the advantages and the over the country. At present,new possibilities of the it is building three moreFRA.SA. 10 tested by grounds all equipped withresearch and by experience FRA.SA. 10: one in Turin, for E

deriving from our installation the Customs Corps and twoat the Caserma Italia at Ostia others at Albenga and

Lido. Its realization was made Montorio Veronese for thepossible thanks, in particular, Army. The FRA.SA. is ato the receptivity of our national enterprise, totallymilitary H.Q.. As to the above financed by Italian capitals.mentioned training structure, Its administrative seat is in

I it is the first firing ground Rome, Via del Giordanoequipped with the FRA.SA. 1° n' 44.

I

I

The technical andlegislative aspects of the POLIGONO DA 5Omt PLANIMETRIAproblem -

The presence of lead in air,water and in the food chain [ _is one of the reasons of the ------------ ,- -, -actual environmentdegradation. The motivationof the numerous EEC lawsillustrates the seriousness of ii, U, BiR,, 7 15 25 50the problem which shows an ATRIOESERVIZ! flALLERIAfiTIRO AREAPARAPAIIEalarmingly growing trend. The "activities of an indoor firingground, which creates lead ,- 81A 77 AIIAL.

compounds, fall within theEEC rules enacted by theCouncil Directive of July 28, SEZIONE LONGITUDINALE1982 (Art. 2 - par. I - comma LEGENDA:

20 - an. I, N O 10, 19 and 24 1- Firing ground hall 7-Waiting room shots 13 - Electric switch -board room2 - Shot aroa 8 - Infirmary 14 - Heating plantand art. 11, 12 and 13) EEC Firing Director Box 9 - Weapons and bullets distribution 15 • Storehouse4 - Shooting gallery 10 - Shots entrance hall 16 - Hollow space of service tunnelOfficial Journal n0 L 247/12 5- Balistic absorbtion bullet bumperarea 11- Shots exit hall 17 - Back of bullet bumper

of August 23, 1982. The 6 -Bathrooms 12- Weapon maintenance and withdrwal 18 8- Entrance staircase

Directive provides forperiodical control of indoor Control of the air inside an filtering device cannot keepenvironment (art. 4 - par. 5 - indoor firing ground made 4' particles with a diameteran. 4) and on physical after a 250 shots salvo smaller than 0.3 Mm, toconditions of staff, with of 7.62 NATO gave, for capture which a chemicalimmediate intervention (art. 8 the sole particles with process not yet availableand 9) if lead concentration diameter inferior to 0.3 Mm, would be needed.in the air exceeds 150 a concentration of 6.22 Therefore, at present, inmg/m 3. Such value mg/m 3 within the range of 25 indoor firing groundscorresponds to the set of m from the balistic bullet equipped with balistic bulletrules of the American buffer, buffers, internal and externalConference of Government Such concentration spread in conditions cannot beIndustrial Hygienists (ACGIH), the whole gallery in 10' with modified without a radicaluniversally accepted. In the a dilution not exceeding transformation of the bulletsame environmental 1.900 mg/m 3. For stopping system.responsibility framework, particles larger than 0.3 Mm, National and local authoritiesreciclying or elimination of maximum concentration are trying to findlead, zinc and copper dusts reached 90.100 Mgr/m 3 reasonable compromisesaccumulated near balistic with a polluting cloud between environmentbullet buffers are still extended up to 56 m from saveguard and continuationS unsolved: dusts are taken upoccasionally and with the screen, of necessary activities.inadequate techniques, while Minimum concentration that The solution offered byreciclying does not have can be obtained by a filtering FRA.SA. 10 eliminatesguaranties or controls of any device intervening on the at the root the problem ofkind. In indoor firing grounds above mentioned conditions lead fumes inside and

gas or fumes problems can. is 480 mg/m 3. Regulations outside firing grounds. Ourbe partially solved at prescribe maximum tolerance solution also offers theatmospheric level, but of 2 mg/m 3. legislator all elements for its

* certainly not at water or land Such situation derives adoption as a mean oflevel, partially from the fact that the progressively improve the

L • ASSRBENTE MATERIALE ZONEGRANULARE ELASTICO

DEFLETTORE CAWIRA A TENUTA DARA -.

BAUSTICO COPERTURA MOBILE V-

3 IT O I .. M IN

• i "/ !,. . . ... F LIIPPERS M ~ T

MOITORIDATTORE FREECPERFI PRAIETTLIU ~ ] • , ".•_•• - .. . .

NASTRRO TRASPARTATORE M8N0AoJC ]LIATRE A PALE

MAAI ' CONIIIIIIE PARIELTIF

IVISTAPROI~IIIl

quality of atmosphere. FRA.SA.1" should be included, for itscharacteristics, among thosedevices admitted to benefit fromsubsidies provided for W,environmental protection in allEEC state members.

Costs collation c, +- . - _-,,. MMi¢9SSIONI• ARIA

A mere mathematic collation -. B-"STER.MM IRIRI,

between a buffer originating .o " ... ,_.lead fumes and dust and one . I ; _w hich d oes not, is totally I I I IIi".i".--.- D ... ROR. C•.. O8

useless. To evaluate the -difference between a "clean' PIANTA MAR"RTIR"I

activity and one producingpolluting substances, it wouldbe necessary to analizeelements pertaining more to TYPEPARTIAL COST

civilization than to a given BULLET COST BULLET FILTERING MAINTENANCEtechnique. In addition, the BUMPER BASE 100 BUMPER PLANT COSTS

collation would be between an Metallic 1000/0 51.6% 48.4% + 5.9%

obsolete structure (which might _55T oeven be out of rules and that Elastomeric 55.30/o 55.30/0 0 Totally offset byi absorbtion market value of unspoiledwould only partially FRA.SA. 10 retrieved bullets metal

fulfill its function), and anotherwhich is innovative, modern

eand totally meeting its function, wear. Therefore, it is clear that basis). Recent experiencesoffering in addition a number of the cost of the elastomeric show that the elastomeric

* considered a sort of innovation buffer completely equipped is mass composing FRA.SA. Io* revenues". FRA.SA. 1, in fact, nearly the half (55.3%) of a needs movement and

besides being self-paying and balistic bullet buffer equipped filtering only for one hourI having installation and with indispensable filtering out eight of training,

management costs by far devices, with enormous energy andmore inferior to obsolete The above table was elaborated mechanical wear saving, and

i structures, is also superior as for on the basis of 1986 an overall duration up to 10mechanical and technical costs revalorized at 1987 (ISTAT times longer.