Bulgaria

The Heaven On Earth

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History• Prehistoric cultures began living on Bulgarian lands starting in the Neolithic period. Its ancient history has been marked by the presence of various civilizations. The emergence of a unified Bulgarian ethnicity and state date back to 681 AD, which is the year of the foundation of the First Bulgarian country.

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History• Subsequent political entities that emerged preserved the traditions of the First Bulgarian Empire, at times covering most of the Balkans, becoming a cultural hub for Slavic peoples in the Middle Ages.

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History• With the downfall of the Second Bulgarian Country in 1396, its territories became Ottoman rule for nearly five hundred years. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 resulted in the third Bulgarian state, recognized in 1908.

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History• Bulgaria is a member of the European Union, NATO, the Council of Europe, a founding state of the OSCE, and has taken a seat in the UN Security Council three times.

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Location• Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometers , it ranks as the 15th-largest country in Europe.

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Bulgarian map, showing its neighbor countries.

European map, showing the exact position of Bulgaria in the continent.

Environment Geography of Bulgaria Climate Water resources Wildlife

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Geography of Bulgaria• Bulgaria's geographic coordinates are 43° N 25° E. Its total area is

110,994 square kilometers, which ranks it as the 105th-largest country in the world.

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A map of Bulgaria, showing the land's height diversity

• Bulgaria has several notable topographical features: the Danubian Plain, which runs along both sides of the border with Romania; the Balkan Mountains; the Thracian Plain; and the Rhodope Mountains. The southern edge of the Danubian Plain slopes upward into the foothills of the Balkans, which are highest in the western part of the country. The Thracian Plain is roughly triangular, beginning near Sofia in the west and broadening as it reaches the Black Sea coast.

The Danubian Plain

The Thracian Plain

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Geography of Bulgaria

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• Hilly countryside and plains lie to the southeast, along the Black Sea coast, and along Bulgaria's main river, the Danube, to the north. Bulgaria's highest point is Musala at 2,925 meters and its lowest point is the sea level at 0 meters.

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Geography of Bulgaria

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The Musala peak

the Belogradchik’s rocks

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Perperikon

The Danube

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Cave “Devil’s throat”

Climate•The climate is temperate, with cold winters and hot summers. Considering its relatively small size, Bulgaria has substantial climatic variation because it is located at the meeting point of Mediterranean and continental air masses and because its mountains partition climatic zones.

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ClimateSpring Summer

Autumn Winter

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Water resources•The country has a dense network of about 540 rivers, most of them

—with the notable exception of the Danube—short and with low water levels. Most rivers flow through mountainous areas. The longest river located solely in Bulgarian territory, the Iskar, has a length of 368 kilometers. Other major rivers include the Struma and the Maritsa in the south.

Iskar

Struma

Maritsa

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Iskar

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Maritsa

Rila’s lakes

Wildlife•Three national parks, 11 nature parks and 17 biosphere reserves exist on Bulgaria's territory. Nearly 35 percent of its land area consists of forests, where some of the oldest trees in the world, such as Baikushev's Pine and the Granit oak, have grown. The flora of Bulgaria encompasses more than 9,400 species and the fauna consists of 12,000 species. The fauna is represented prominently by the brown bear and the jackal, while the Eastern imperial eagle has a small, but growing population.

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brown bear the Eastern imperial eagle

jackal

• Bulgaria's population of 7.36 million people is predominantly urban and is concentrated mainly in the administrative centers of its 28 provinces. The average life expectancy for women is 74, and for men - 67.

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• There are many ethnic groups living in Bulgaria - Turks, Gypsies, Armenians, Jews, Greeks, Wallachians, and Albanians. All minorities live in harmony with the Bulgarian population without any social or ethnic pressure. The Bulgarian people have various old pagan traditions, entangled in the Christian religion.

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Traditional Bulgarian round dances

Traditional Bulgarian Kukeri carnival

Big cities Sofia Plovdiv Varna

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Sofia• Sofia is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria and the 12th largest city in the European Union with a population of 1.27 million people. It is located in western Bulgaria, at the foot of Mount Vitosha and is ranked as a Beta- world city.

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Vitosha peak

The National AssemblyThe National Theater

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The “St. Alexander Nevsky” Cathedral

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The Parliment

National Palace of Culture

Plovdiv• Plovdiv is the second largest city in Bulgaria with a population of 338,153 inhabitants. It is one of the oldest cities in Europe. Plovdiv is the administrative center of Plovdiv Province in southern Bulgaria. The city is an important economic, transport, cultural and educational center.

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The Alesha Monument

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The Old Town

The Ancient Theater

Varna• Varna is a city in northeastern Bulgaria, one of the 28 Bulgarian provinces. It’s the Sea Capital of Bulgaria. Its population of 334 870 inhabitants makes it the third largest city in Bulgaria.

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The Dolphinarium

The Planetarium

The Palace of Sport

Bulgarian vocabulary Hi – Здравей

Goodbye – Довиждане

Thank you – Благодаря

What is your name? – Как се казваш?

My name is… - Моето име е ...

How are you? – Как си?

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Thank you for your attention!

Created by: Kalina Georgieva - Xa

Polina Angelova - Xa

Antoniya Georgieva – Xc

Tsvetomir Gechev - Xb

Teodor Angelov Xa