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RESTORATION IN PERU EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010 Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin Héctor Abarca Torres Lublin, 2010 A BRIEF ACCOUNT

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Page 1: Built Heritage Conservation System in Peru - peru

RESTORATION IN PERU

EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin

Héctor Abarca TorresLublin, 2010

A BRIEF ACCOUNT

Page 2: Built Heritage Conservation System in Peru - peru

0 0- 500 500-2300 2300-3500 3500-4000 4000-4800 4800-6687 100-400 400-80

GEOGRAPHY

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EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin

HISTORICAL REVIEW

RESTORATION IN PERUA BRIEF ACCOUNT

The biggest thing after the creation of the world (..) is the discovering of the Indies, and they call them New World; and, not that wrong, it is new because it was found again, and is vast and almost as big as the old…It also can be called new because all their things are so much different than ours

Francisco Lopez de Gomara, General History of the Indies, Zaragoza, 1552

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7,000 b.C.

THE NEW LAWSPRE-INKA CIVILIZATIONS

1. Chavin Temple, Chavin Culture (X a IV b. C.), Ancash2. Kuelap Temple, Chachapoyas Culture (900-1470), Amazonas3 & 4. House Model Pottery Artwork, Chimu Culture (1100-1470), 5. Chanchan Citade, Chimu Culture 6. Mud Relief in Chanchan Citadel, Chimu Culture

Page 5: Built Heritage Conservation System in Peru - peru

XIII -X

VI c.

THE NEW LAWSTHE INKAS

1. Machu Picchu, Cuzco2. Coricancha (Temple of the Sun),

Cuzco City3. Capac Nam (The Inka Road)4. Choquekirao, Cuzco5. Puruchuco, Lima

Page 6: Built Heritage Conservation System in Peru - peru

THE NEW LAWSTHE INKAS

1. Fortress of Saqsaywaman, Cuzco2. Fortress of Ollantaytambo, Sacred Valley of Cuzco3. Temple of Pachacamac, Lima4. Palace of the Inca Hayna Capac, Cuzco City5. The Stone of the 12 angles, Cuzco City Center6. Temple of Viracocha, Raqchi, Cuzco,

XIII -X

VI c.

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THE CONQUEST OF PERU

1. General Archive of Indies, Juan de Mijares, 1584-98, Seville2. The Conquest of Peru, Our Lady of Mercy Church, Cuzco3. The New Laws, 15424. St. James Indian Slayer, Cuzco School of Painting5. Chapel of House of Trade of Indies The Virgin of the

Navigators, Alejo Fernandez, 1531–36, Seville

Page 8: Built Heritage Conservation System in Peru - peru

THE NEW LAWSSPANISH GOLDEN AGE

1. The Burial of the Count of Orgaz, El Greco, Toledo2. Seville, Alonso Sanchez Coello.3. Phillip II of Spain, Alonso Sanchez Coello, 15574. Saint Dominic of Guzman, Juan Martinez Montanez,1606

Museum of Fine Arts of Seville5. Life is a Dream, Caldron de la Barca

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THE BLACK LEGEND

1. Potosi. In Search of the Light and freedom, Oswaldo Guayasamin, Quito

2. Theodore de Bry, Regionum Indicarum per Hispanos quodam Devastatarum Verissima, Frankfurt , 1598

3. Auto de Fe (Detail), Francisco Ricci (1683) King Charles II attend auto de fe from a balcony in Madrid's Plaza Mayor on 30 June 1680

4. The Encounter, Museum of the City of Quito5. Spain builds castles in the air, Britain makes

commerce her care, 1740) in the War of Jenkins' Ear. Vernon 1740

6. A native parishioner is beaten to death for defending unmarried Andean women and maidens from the lascivious priest

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1. Commemorative canvas of the request to the Inka Don Carlos II King of Spain to allow the Inka nobility into the Holy Office of Inquisition, Lima

2. Union of the Imperial Inca offspringwith the Loyola and Borja House, Cuzco School, 1718,

3. Inca Yupanki with the Coat or Arms of Carlos V, Archive on Indies, Seville

4. Succession of the inkas or Kings of Peru, Cathedral of Lima

5. The irascible parish priest raises thesword against a Spanish soldier, New Chronicle and Good Government, Guaman Poma De Ayala, 1615, Copenhaguen

THE NEW LAWS

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1. Procession of the Corpus ofChristi in St. Anne (Detail),Diego Quispe Tito, c. 1680,Cuzco

2. Confessionary for priestof Indians, Lima 1585

3. Trilingual Catechism for the instructions of the Indians for the Provincial Council of Lima of 1553, Lima 1554

4. Lexicon of the QuechuaLanguage, Valladolid 1580

5. Vocabulary of the AymaraLanguage, Juli 1612

6. Art and Vocabulary of theGuarani Language, Madrid,1640

7. Catechism of the Guarani Language, 1540

8. The priest's Quechua sermon brings to sleep parishioners, Chronicle and Good Government, Guaman Poma de Ayala, 1615,Copenhaguen

THE NEW LAWSTRANSCULTURIZATION

We cannot strip out the Indians their language, it is

better, and more reasonable,that us to learn theirs

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THE NEW LAWSTRANSCULTURIZATION

1. St. Toribio of Mogrovejo, 2nd. Bishop of Lima, Church of the Blessed Sacrament, Madrid

2. Apparition of the Virgin Mary to the Inka in the Siege of Cuzo, 1570,

3. Town in the Andes3. Last Supper with Guinea pig and Chicha wine,4. Percentage of Native Population in the Americas

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THE NEW LAWSVICEROYALTY OF PERU

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EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin

BUILT HERITAGE

RESTORATION IN PERUA BRIEF ACCOUNT

(Pizarro) does not conquered us but the men of the Inca Empire who are our cooper-skinned ancestors. We descend form the winners and the losers, but we are neither winners nor losers. We are the result of that encounter. We can be Indegenists o Hispanists. The Peruanism unites, heals; the Indigenism and Hispanism badly understood divides, tears us apart. Our obligation is to integrate not disintegrate us

Jose Antonio del Busto

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ARCHITECTURE

1. Monastery of St. Catherine, Arequipa

2. Sevilian tiles of the Cloister of the Monastery of St. Dominic, Lima

3. Monastery of St. Dominic over theTemple of the Sun, Cuzco

4. Cupola of the Jesuit Church,Arequipa

5. Cathedral of Lima6. Monastery of St. Francis of Assisi,

Lima

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ARCHITECTURE

1. Conde de Superunda St., Lima 2. Mudejar cupola at the Monastery of

St. Francis of Assisi, Lima3. House in Trujillo4. Torre Tagle Palace, Lima5. St. James Apostle Church, Lampa, Puno6. Façade detail of the St. Augustine Church, Lima

Page 17: Built Heritage Conservation System in Peru - peru

RURAL HERITAGE

1. Church of Maras, Cuzco2. Church of St. John the Baptist over the

Temple of the Sun, Vilcashuaman, Ayacucho

3. Church of St. Christopher, Rapaz, Lima4. Church of St. Anthony, Lanchas, Lima5. Church in Cuzco

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STATE OF THE BUILT HERITAGE

1. House in Francisco Pizarro St.,, Lima2. Church of the St. Cross, Juli3. Jesuit Church after the 2007

Earthquake, Pisco4. Church of Our Lady of Rosary,

Yauca, Ica5. Shopping Center above Palace of Inca

Pachacutec, Cuzco6. Church Hermitage of Barranco, Lima6. St. Joseph Church, Nazca3. Birth House of St. Martin of Porres,

Callao St, Lima

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EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin

RESTORATION IN PERUA BRIEF ACCOUNTBACKGROUND & LEGAL

FRAMEWORK

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POLITICAL CONSTITUTION

“property has to be used in harmony with the social interest and it can be Confiscated only for reasons of public

only need and use“

CIVIL CODE

“land property is subject to the requirements and limitations of the respective dispositions“

ORGANIC LAW OF MUNICIPALITIES

“in topics related to land use, housing and collective safety, the city halls are entitled among other actions, to regulate

new construction and alterations, demolish buildings, promote the health and safety of urban and overcrowded areas,renew non-habitable urban areas, preserve heritage buildings

and sites listed as historical and artistic heritage,control the progressive clearing of unsafe areas subject to hazard and destruction in detriment of its occupants“

THE CULTURAL HERITAGE

THE NEW LAWSLEGAL FRAMEWORK

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TIMELINE

Venice Charter, 1964

The Deliberant Board of Lima, 1964

National Institute of Culture, 1972

The Council of Lima, 1980Patronato de Lima

Comprehensive Inventory of Built Heritage of Lima from

Antiquity to Modern Movement

Victor Pimentel, Peruvian architect Invited as a signee

Private institution promoting education campaigns to foster

the benefits of the conservation

First Inventory of Built Heritage in Lima

Conservation gets institutionalismAdaptation to International theories

Ford Foundation , 1984

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TIMELINE

Workshop School of LimaEscuela Taller de Lima

UNESCO, World Heritage Sites

Chan Chan, 1986Chavin, 1985Sacred City of Caral, 2009Lines and Geoglyphs of Nazca, 1994

Vocational Schools throughout Peru to learn traditional trades

Macchu Pichu

City of Cusco, 1983Historic centre of Lima, 1988Historic centre of Arequipa, 2000

Huascaran National Park, 1985Manu National Park, 1987Rio Abiseo National Park, 1990

Cultural(Archeological)Sites

Cultural(Historical)sites

NaturalSites

New Wonder of the Modern World

Ministry of Culture, 2010

Sanctuary of Machu Picchu, 1983 MixedSites

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Ley General del Patrimonio Cultural de la Nación. no. 24047General law of the Cultural Heritage of the Nation

It is understood as cultural good part of the Cultural Heritage of the Nation to every expression of the human task –material or immaterial- that by its importance,

value and paleontological, archaeological, architectural, historical, artistic, military, social, anthropological or intellectual meaning.

THE NEW LAWSLEGAL FRAMEWORK

Cultural Asset

• 100,000 sites, counting only the archeological• 1.8 millions of foreign visitors (2006), 80% are cultural tourists. • Foreign tourists are only 28% of the sector• Constant annual growth of 16% since 1993 • Tourism is an industry of US$ 1,545,000,000 (2006). • Second source of hard currency• Employs 13% of the workforce

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Cultural Heritage

THE NEW LAWSWORLD HERITAGE SITES

Peruvian World Heritage Sites

Ministry of Culture

Natural Heritage

No specific legislation exists besides the Convention of the World Heritage Sites

and the documents for the own management

Every human activity carried out within should follow the parameters defined by its respective Master Plan,

Plan of Management, or Plan of Public Use aimed to preserve the Exceptional Universal Value of

the place, as well as its authenticity and integrity.

Mixed Cultural & Natural Heritage

National Institute of Natural Resources

Issuance of Management Documentation

UNESCOS’s Convention for the Protection of cultural and Natural Heritage has character of National Law

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THE NEW LAWSMONUMENT

Every built structure that has a cultural, historical, and social value. It goes from the isolated architectonic

creation to the urban or rural site. This comprehend not only great creations but also humble work,

that with the time, have acquired a cultural meaning. By its architectonic, historic, artistic, technological,

scientific, symbolic, Traditional value have to be preserved, totally or partially

4.983 monuments listed in the Colonial & Republican (Historical) Built Cultural Heritage List

1. MonumentMonumento

Sectors or neighborhoods of the city whose physiognomy should be conserved because:

2. Monumental ZoneZona Monumental

•Possess an overall environmental urban value. •Possess historical-artistic value. •Has a substantial number of monuments and/or

monumental urban areas.

60 monuments areas have been recognizedthroughout the country

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THE NEW LAWSMONUMENTS

Urban spaces (plazas, small squares, streets, etc.) whose physiognomy and elements have an

overall urban value, they should be conserved total or partially

3. Monumental Urban Environments

Ambientes UrbanoMonumentales

386 monumental urban environments have been recognized throughout the country

4. Property of Monumental Value

Inmueble de valor monumental

Buildings that according to the Building Code posses architectonic and artistic value

but are not necessarily listed as Built Heritage

The degree of protection is given to every project individually.Free assessment is given to Owner when related to small works and to

Architects to speed up the Building Permit process

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Ley General de amparo al Patrimonio de la Nación. no. 24047General law for the protection of the National Heritage

By-Laws and protocols for :•protective actions,•conservation, •administration, •control,•revalorization and •development of historical/monumental centers and sites

Public Institutions & Municipalities

Develop an Action plan for: rehabilitation :•Recuperation•retrofitting•un-hovelling•improve habitability, health and safety, and •structural upgrade

To avoid:•empirical, irregular and clandestine interventions to the structures and architectonic elements

•Increase of precarity

Technical Office Municipalities

THE NEW LAWSLEGAL FRAMEWORK

Ministry of CultureHeritage Inventory and

Cadastre Office

Official list of buildingsunder municipal protection presented

before the Ministry of Culture

Designation is record in Property Deeds The Office of Heritage Control reviews all the projects Only PROLIMA issues Building Permits

Page 28: Built Heritage Conservation System in Peru - peru

owners obligations to do improvements

works can be done cooperatively under owner/tenant agreements supervised by the municipality

city can cover the costs at owners/tenet expense

building permit fees are exempted

Tenants can set associations to make possible the future transfer of property taking into account that the current

conditions of decay do not allow the process of subdivision and strata until its final rehabilitation

Buildings are not subject to legal actionsfor eviction due to inhabitability

LEGAL FRAMEWORK

Ley General de amparo al Patrimonio de la Nación. no. 24047General law for the protection of the National Heritage

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Ministry of CultureHeritage Board

Technical support

The Getty Institute

World Monument Fund

Funding

Other Donors

Steering Committee

Catholic University Sedes Sapietiae

Archbishopric of Lima

Local Dioceses

Foreign Universities

CULTURAL MANAGEMENT

Local Municipalitywe invite the Mayor to the

Opening ceremony in exchange of speeding up permits and

condoning fees

Political support

Catholic University Sedes Sapietiae

Cultural Asset

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EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin

RESTORATION IN PERUA BRIEF ACCOUNTUNDERTAKEN PROJECTS

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SUCCESSFUL STORIES

CASSINELLI BALCONY, Late XIX c.

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SUCCESSFUL STORIES

ST. PETER OF CARABAYLLO, 1571

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SUCCESSFUL STORIESST. PETER OF CARABAYLLO, 1571

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SUCCESSFUL STORIES

Choral Ensemble Lima Triumphante

ST. LIBERATA CHURCH, 1716

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EUROPEAN MASTER OR DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR OF BUILDING 2009-2010Specialization Stage – Polytechnic University of Lublin

RESTORATION IN PERUA BRIEF ACCOUNTTHE SITE

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THE NEW LAWSLIMA, 1748

Archbishopric of Lima

Welfare Society of Lima

University of St. Mark

Proprietorship

Rimac District or Under the Bridge

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VICEROYAL LAYOUT, XVI-XIX c.NEW ROAD DESIGN OVER EXISTING XIX, XX c.

OPENING OF STREETS (CHANGE OF THE ORIGINA SCHEME), XX c.WIDENING OF STREETS, XX c.

AREA DESIGNATED AS WORLD HERITAGE

THE NEW LAWSLIMA, WORLD HERITAGE SITE

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THE NEW LAWSTHE RIMAC

THE VALLEY OF LIMA

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NO NETWORKOF TOURISTIC

SERVICES

DECAY OF TANGIBLE CULTURAL ASSESTS

OF THE RIMAC DISTRICTLOST OF UNESCO SUPPORT

LOST OF NATIONAL HEIRLOOM

BUREOCRACY IN BUILDING

PERMIT FLOW

UNCLEAR CULTURALPOLICY

THE NEIGHBOURS DO NOTRECOGNISE THEIR CULTURAL CAPITAL

BUILDINGS IN RISK OF COLLAPSE

ARTWORKENDANGERED

DRUG-DEALING/ THIEVES

LACK OF SECURITY

ILLICITTRAFFIC OF ART

NOT WELL CARED AND DISPLAYED

NOT DESIGNATED NATIONAL HERITAGE

NOT PROTECTED BY-LAW

NOT CONSERVATION PROJECTS

UNDERTAKEN

LACK OF PROMOTION NOBODY LOVES WHAT

THEY DON’T KNOW

LACK OF PRIVATE INVESTMENT

LOW BUDGET

LACK OF LOCAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY

NO POWER OF DECISION

NOT ECONOMIC BENEFICTS

WEAK NATIONAL CULTURAL

INSTITUTIONS

THE CULTURAL ASSESTS OF THE RIMAC DISTRICT ARE UNDER THE RISK TO BE LOST

CAOTHIC GROWTH

LOW BENEFITS FROM TOURISM

THE NEW LAWSANALISYS

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THE NEW LAWSTHE RIMAC, 2010