built environment and embodied carbon emissions · 2017-10-12 · thin-film brand wall images...
TRANSCRIPT
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Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions
12 October 2017
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West Coast Climate and
Materials Management Forum
The West Coast Climate and Materials Management Forum is
a collaboration of state, local, and tribal government
Develop ways to institutionalize sustainable materials
management practices.
Develop tools to help jurisdictions reduce the GHGs
associated with materials
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Check out the Forum’s Resources
• Original Report Connecting Materials/Climate
• Research Summaries
• Turn-key Materials Management Presentation
• Climate Action Toolkit
• Food: Too Good to Waste Toolkit
• Climate Friendly Purchasing Toolkit
• Reducing GHGs Through Composting and Recycling
www.westcoastclimateforum.com
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West Coast Climate Forum
Webinar Series Disclaimer
This webinar is being provided as part of the West Coast Climate and Materials
Management Forum Webinar Series. The Forum is a collaboration of state,
local, and tribal governments. We invite guest speakers to share their views
on climate change topics to get participants thinking and talking about
new strategies for achieving our environmental goals. Mention of trade
names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
Please note the opinions, ideas, or data presented by speakers in this series do
not represent West Coast Climate and Materials Management Forum
members policy or constitute endorsement by the forum.
www.westcoastclimateforum.com
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Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions
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ima
ge
© ta
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tca
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.co
.uk
The use of our buildings account for
38% of all CO2 emissions and
73% of electricity consumption
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530 million tons of construction and demolition (C&D) debris were generated in
the US in 2013—more than twice the amount of generated municipal solid waste
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Ima
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fo
10-15% of building materials are wasted during the construction process
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Resource extraction has doubled since 1980 worldwide, and
nearly tripled for the construction and industrial sectors
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Version 4
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WHAT ARE EMBODIED CARBON EMISSIONS,
WHY DO THEY MATTER, AND HOW CAN WE
REDUCE IMPACTS IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT?
Imag
e ©
Ch
ris
Jord
an
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Kate Simonen is an Associate Professor in the Department of
Architecture at the University of Washington with over 15 years of
professional practice experience as an architect and structural
engineer. Her research is focused on understanding and reducing the
environmental impacts of manufacturing building materials and
products through the use of environmental life cycle assessment.
She is founding director of the Carbon Leadership Forum, an industry
academic collaborative focused on linking LCA to design and
construction practice.
Larry Strain (FAIA) of Siegel and Strain Architects is a past board
member of the Northern California Chapter of the USGBC, is a
member of the AIA Materials Knowledge Working Group, serves on
the boards of the Ecological Building Network and the Carbon
Leadership Forum (CLF) and was on the research team for the
Embodied Carbon Benchmarking project with the CLF.
Today’s Speakers
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Today’s Speakers
Jordan Palmeri is a Senior Policy Analyst in the Materials Management
Program at the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, where he
coordinates projects around the built environment, life cycle
assessments, and purchasing. He’s worked on building and zoning
codes, rating systems, and served as a technical and policy expert for
small housing initiatives.
Moderator: Wes Sullens, LEED Fellow, Director for Building Codes
Technical Development at the U.S. Green Building Council.
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Q & A Session Please type questions into the “question box of GoToWebinar”
Kate Simonen
University of
Washington, Carbon
Leadership Forum
Larry Strain, FAIA
Siegel and Strain
Architects
Jordan Palmeri
Oregon Department of
Environmental Quality
Wes Sullens
US Green Building
Council
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Future Webinars
Motivators to Reduce Wasted FoodThursday, November 30th 10:00-11:30 (PST)
More to come in the Webinar series in 2018:
February 2018: Advancing Sustainable Consumption: New Tools for Local Government
April 2018: Consumption and GHGs: New Models and Insights
June: 2018: Measuring Success in Reducing Wasted Food Presented by Oregon DEQ and Portland State University
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THANK YOU!
Please fill out the survey you receive after the webinar.
For more information, visit www.westcoastclimateforum.com
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Carbon Leadership Forum
CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM Advancing Low Carbon Construction through
research, education and outreach
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CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM Advancing Low Carbon Construction through research, education and outreach
Silver Sponsors
Gold Sponsors
Platinum Sponsors
Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill, Arkin Tilt Architects, Katerra, Loisos + Ubbelohde, SHKS, Sellen, Siegel & Strain
Supporters
Athena SMI, Architecture 2030, CASBA, EBnet
CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM
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1950
0
1oC
2000 2200 2150 2100 2050
3oC
2oC
8oC
7oC
6oC
5oC
4oC
Zero Carbon by 2050
Incr
ea
se in
Ave
rage
Glo
ba
l Tem
per
atu
re
IPCC Global Temperature Projection Scenarios
Business-As-Usual
Emissions Peak 2080
Emissions Peak 2040-2050
CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM
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Addressing Climate Change is a Time Critical Issue
CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM
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Net Zero = Zero Carbon??Buildings: Total Lifetime Energy Use
High Performance
CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM
Typical Building
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LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT/
CARBON ACCOUNTING
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Rebar (Nucor Steel)
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EXAMPLE LCA CHALLENGE: UK Steel Material FLOW
©K. Simonen 2013
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EXTRACTIONS
• Raw materials
• Water
• Coal/Gas
EMISSIONS (soil, water, air)
• Fuel combustion
• Polluted water
• Agricultural run-off
• Chemical reactions
LCA Life Cycle Assessment
CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM
Standardized (ISO) method of tracking/reporting
environmental impacts of a product (eg. flooring or building)
over the life cycle.
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OZONE FORMATION
(smog)
EUTROPHICATION (well
nourished)
Not covered by Type LCA
• Land use impacts
• Land use change
• Local impacts
• Habitat disruption
• Water use (developing)
• Human Health Impacts
CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM
ACIDIFICTION
(Low pH)
OZONE DEPLETION
(ozone hole)
NOT JUST CARBON:OTHER
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
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MATERIAL to IMPACTS
ESTIMATE OF
QUANTITIES OF
MATERIALS IN
BUILDING
ESTIMATE OF
ENVIRONMNETAL
IMPACTS FOR EACH
MATERIAL
ESTIMATE OF TOTAL ENV.
IMPACT OF BUILDING
MATERIALS
Inventory Impacts
e.g. 100kg steel 0.43 kg CO2e /kg steel 43 kg CO2e
e.g. 50kg glass 1.064 kg CO2e /kg steel 53.2 kg CO2e
etc. etc. etc.
Sum Total Impact
Total
CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM
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Goal:
What is the object of study?
Why is this study being performed?
What is the desired outcome?
Who is the audience?
Scope:
What is included?
What is excluded?
What are the boundaries of study?
Where is the data coming from?
What impacts will be assessed?
CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM
LCA Life Cycle Assessment
Standardized (ISO) method of tracking/reporting
environmental impacts of a product (eg. flooring or building)
over the life cycle.
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CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM
Embodied Carbon Material Breakdown (initial construction)
Structural
Envelope
Interiors:Partitions/Doors/Finishes
Exterior site
Fittings/Appliances/Fixtures
MEP
Elevator/Equipment
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Embodied CO2e over 100 year life
Manufacturing Mfr Transport Const Transport Construction Use End of Life
CO2e from initial
material
manufacturing
CO2e from
materials
refurbishing/
repairing
CO2e from
transport and
construction
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Carbon Leadership Forum
©K. Simonen 2016
©K. Simonen 2014
Points for use of products with EPDs-Manufacture specific (20 products/5 mfr)-Industry average (half credit)-No more than 30% from structure/enclosure
Points for demonstrating whole building improvements
-Architecture 2030 Challenge for Products-Push to deliver low carbon products by 2030
-Manufacturer specific-Industry average
AEC Industry Pushing for Increasing Transparency-HBD: Health Product Declaration-Declare: Living Building Challenge Labeling-Responsible Sourcing Certification in LEED etc.
BUILDING INDUSTRY DRIVERS
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CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM
BUILDING INDUSTRY TOOLS
LCA EXPERT TOOLS
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GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017
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Determining Time to Payback
Thin-Film Brand Wall
Images courtesy of wd Partners
LCA Case Study
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Consider the difference in embodied carbon of facade systems with different operational energy performance.
High Performance Façade Payback
LCA Case Study
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Estimated the time in which carbon savings would payback the higher embodied carbon of higher performance facade systems.
High Performance Façade Payback
LCA Case Study
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Presenting embodied and operational impacts over time gave better sense of why immediate impacts deserve greater attention.
Embodied vs. Operational on Time Scale
equal approximately
LCA Case Study
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Carbon Leadership Forum
©K. Simonen 2016
Low CarbonStrategies
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IMPLEMENTATION
M
O
D
E
L
I
N
GEASYHARD
EASY
HARD
ROOFSTRUCTURAL
SYSTEM
CURTAIN WALL
CONCRETE
MIX DESIGN
CONCRETE
MIX DESIGN
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Carbon Leadership Forum
©K. Simonen 2016
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GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017
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Carbon Leadership Forum
©K. Simonen 2016
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Carbon Leadership Forum
©K. Simonen 2016
Typically less than 1,000kgCO2e/m2 and commonly between 200-500 kgCO2e/m2.
CLF RESEARCH:
Embodied Carbon Benchmark http://www.carbonleadershipforum.org/data-visualization/
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Carbon Leadership Forum
©K. Simonen 2016Defining a Reference Building
CLF RESEARCH:
Environmental Impact of Mass Timber Office Construction
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Carbon Leadership Forum
©K. Simonen 2016
Figure 8. Effect of number of intermediate beams on volume of beam + slab per SF.
Highlighting impact of configuration
CLF RESEARCH:
Environmental Impact of Mass Timber Office Construction
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Carbon Leadership Forum
©K. Simonen 2016
CLF RESEARCH:
Environmental Impact of Earthquake Damage Repair
Contribution to COST for each repair activity
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Carbon Leadership Forum
©K. Simonen 2016
CLF RESEARCH:
Environmental Impact of Earthquake Damage Repair
BEES Environmental Score
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GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017
33
Carbon Leadership Forum
©K. Simonen 2016
CLF RESEARCH:
Environmental Impact of Earthquake Damage Repair
CO2e per Component Type
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Convened by the Carbon Leadership Forum
www.embodiedcarbonnetwork.org
Embodied Carbon Network
LCA Book
LCA PRACTICE GUIDE LINKCARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM
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CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM Advancing Low Carbon Construction through research, education and outreach
Silver Sponsors
Gold Sponsors
Platinum Sponsors
Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill, Arkin Tilt Architects, Katerra, Loisos + Ubbelohde, SHKS, Sellen, Siegel & Strain
Supporters
Athena SMI, Architecture 2030, CASBA, EBnet
CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM
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Time Value of CarbonWhen you save matters, what you build matters, what you don’t build matters:
Build Well - Rebuild Better
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1950
0
1oC
2000 2200 2150 2100 2050
3oC
2oC
8oC
7oC
6oC
5oC
4oC
Zero Carbon by 2050
Inc
rea
se
in
Ave
rag
e G
lob
al Te
mp
era
ture
IPCC Global Temperature Projection Scenarios
Source: IPCC 2013, Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP); Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), 2013; Climate Analytics and ECOFYS,
2014.
Note: Emissions peaks are for fossil fuel CO2–only emissions.
Business-As-Usual
Emissions Peak 2080
Emissions Peak 2040-2050
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- First emissions a building Is responsible for
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Commercial1.4 billion ft2
(130 million m2)
Residential4.3 billion ft2
(400 million m2)
U.S. Construction:
~6 billion ft2 / year
(510 million m2 / year)
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PORTOLA VALLEY TOWN CENTER Goring & Straja Architects
Design Team Mechanical & Plumbing – Rumsey EngineersElectrical – IDeAsPhotovoltaics – High Sun EngineersStructural – Forrell/Elsesser
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Building Materials – Weight – 1670 tons Concrete - 1324 Reinf. Steel - 51
Wood - 119 Engineered Wood - 25
Struct. Steel - 10 Metal roofing - 13
Waterproofing - 3 Insulation - Batt - 0
Insulation - XPS - 1 Fiber Cement Shakes - 1
Steel Doors - 1 Glass - dbl pane - 8
Alum/glass doors - .6 Alum. Clad wndws - .4
Gyp. bd. - 63 Clg. Tile - 6
Ceramic Tile - 4 Carpet Tile - 3
Ceiling Tile - 6 Linoleum - .4
PV System Ducting - 6
Cast Iron pipe - 6 Copper Pipe - 2
Steel pipe - .4 Wiring - .4
Pex Tubing
Concrete
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Concrete - 172 Reinf. Steel - 21
Wood Framing - 36 Eng. Wood - 16
Struct. Steel - 7 Metal Roofing - 31
Waterproofing - 14 Insulation - Batt - 13
Insulation - XPS - 28 Cem/fiber Shakes - 2
Steel Doors - 3 Glass - dbl pane - 7
Alum/glass doors - 4 Alum. clad wndws - 3
Gypsum board - 22 Wood - Finish - 17
Carpet Tile - 6 Ceramic Tile - 6
Ceiling Tile - 1 Linoleum - 1
Ducting -11 Cast Iron pipe - 11
Copper Pipe - 5 Steel pipe - 1
Wiring - 8 PEX Tubing - 2
Concrete
Reinforcing steel
Wood FramingStructural Steel
Steel roofing
Finish Wood
Gyp Board
XPS Insulation
Embodied Emissions – 450 tons Concrete - 172 Reinf. Steel - 21
Wood Framing - 36 Eng. Wood - 16
Struct. Steel - 7 Metal Roofing - 31
Waterproofing - 14 Insulation - Batt - 13
Insulation - XPS - 28 Cem/fiber Shakes - 2
Steel Doors - 3 Glass - dbl pane - 7
Alum/glass doors - 4 Alum. clad wndws - 3
Gypsum board - 22 Wood - Finish - 17
Carpet Tile - 6 Ceramic Tile - 6
Ceiling Tile - 1 Linoleum - 1
Ducting -11 Cast Iron pipe - 11
Copper Pipe - 5 Steel pipe - 1
Wiring - 8 PEX Tubing - 2
Concrete
Reinforcing steel
Wood FramingStructural Steel
Steel roofing
Finish Wood
Gyp Board
XPS Insulation
Embodied Emissions – 450 tons
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Standard building - 450 tons Our building - 305 tons
Embodied Emissions
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GHG Emissions - TotalsBase Case – 1,080 tons As Built – 850 tons: Reduction - 224 tons (21%)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Base Case As-Built
Vehicles
306
290
450 Buildings 305
323 Site 259
Materials
1,080
850
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Passive Design Efficient Systems:
- Daylighting - Radiant Slabs – 97% efficient Boilers- Natural Ventilation - Ultra efficient air conditioners – SEER 19- Thermal Mass - 100% outside air ventilation – 30% above ASHRAE- Well insulated shell - Indirect energy recovery between inlet and relief air- External Shading - 76 KW Photovoltaic roof top system - Reflective Roofs - Low-flow fixtures – waterless urinals, dual flush
Construction vs Operating Emissions
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0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
Operating8,500 tons
Embodied1,194
Embodied854
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Year
Over 20 years, embodied – 50% of operating
Operating1,700 tons
Efficient, Low Carbon Building
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Structure 50 – 75%
Envelope 10 – 25%
Interiors 5 – 15%
MEP 5 – 10%
Materials 70-85%
Transport 6-8%
Construction 6-13%
Site 5-10%*
* On large sites it can be much higher
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Embodied CO2 by Construction Type
Heavy Buildings 50 – 100 lbs/ft2
Light Buildings 25 - 75 lbs/ft2
Renovation 15 – 25 lbs/ft2
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Embodied CO2 by Construction Type & Material
Concrete 25-50%
Wood 10-20%
Drywall 10-25%
Cladding 10--20%
MEP 10-15%
Carpet 10-25%
Tile 10-20%
Furniture 10-25%
MEP 10-20%
Interiors 15-20%
Concrete 50 - 80%
Steel and
Cladding 5-20%
MEP 5 -10%
Interiors 10-15%
AluminumGlass, Steel,Stucco, etc
BrickvinylStucco
Renovation Heavy Buildings Light Buildings
Structure
Structure
No Structure
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Embodied CO2 by Construction Type & Material
Concrete 25-60%
Wood 10-20%
Drywall 10-25%
Cladding 10--20%MEP 10-15%
Carpet 10-25%Tile 10-20%Furniture 10-25%Other 10-20%
Other 10-15%
Concrete 25-80%
Steel 25-60%
Cladding 5-20%
MEP 5 -10%
Other 10-15%
AluminumGlassStucco, etc
BrickVinylstuccowood
Renovation Heavy Buildings Light Buildings
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Embodied CO2 by Construction Type & Material
Concrete 25-80%
Steel 25-60%
Cladding 5-20%
MEP 5 -10%
Other 10-15%
Concrete 25-60%
Wood 10-20%Cladding 10--20%MEP 10-15%
Other 10-15%
Drywall 10-25%Carpet 10-25%
Tile 10-20%Furniture 10-25%Other 10-20%
Renovation Heavy Buildings Light Buildings
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BaleHaus(with ModCell panels)
Sequestered carbon42 metric tons
White-Design Associates
BRE Centre for Innovative Construction Materials
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Existing Buildings310 billion ft2
2.2 billion tons / year
New Buildings6 billion ft2
350 million tons / year
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DPR Office BuildingNet Zero Remodel
Funding by StopWaste.org
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Total Carbon Emissions over 20 years
Standard, New Building
(EUI 80)
Net Zero, Remodel
(EUI 23)
Scope 1: Direct emissions Scope 2: Indirect (electricity) Scope 3: Indirect (materials) Total Emissions Eliminated (no gas) Net positive (-124 tons) 70% reduction 97% reduction
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• Build New Net Zero Buildings
• Reduce Embodied Emissions
• Upgrade Existing Buildings
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New Buildings~6 billion ft2 / yr
35 millionmetric tons
Operating
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New Buildings~6 billion ft2 / yr
350 millionmetric tons
EmbodiedOperating
40 millionmetric tons
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New Buildings6 billion ft2 / yr
350 millionmetric tons
Embodied
Existing Buildings310 billion ft2
Operating Operating
2,200 millionmetric tons
38 millionmetric tons
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• Upgrade Existing Buildings to Net Zero
• Reduce Embodied Emissions
• Build New Net Zero Buildings
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Resources
Architecture 2030 http://architecture2030.org
Carbon Leadership Forum http://www.carbonleadershipforum.orgEmbodied Carbon Network http://www.carbonleadershipforum.org/embodied-carbon-network/
Circular Ecology http://www.circularecology.com
BRE Centre for Innovative Construction Materials http://www.bath.ac.uk/ace/research/cicm/
White Design Associates https://www.white-design.com/research/
Ecological Building Network https://www.ecobuildnetwork.org
Government websitesCBECS https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/
RECS https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/
EPA https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks
AIA https://www.aia.org/topics/2976-materials
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Typically less than 1,000kgCO2e/m2
commonly between 200-500 kgCO2e/m2.
Embodied Carbon Benchmark Study - CLF
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Thank YouLarry Strain
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Jordan Palmeri
Materials Management Program
Embodied Carbon Policies
Built Environment Webinar
West Coast Climate and Materials Management Forum
October 12th, 2017
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Overview
1.Why policy?
2.Material Selection
3.Material Reuse
4.Existing Buildings
5.New Buildings
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Why Policy for Built Environment?
https://westcoastclimateforum.com/cfpt
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Why Policy for Built Environment?
https://westcoastclimateforum.com/sites/westcoastclimateforum/files/related_documents/TA%20Final.pdf#page=4
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Embodied complements operational carbon
Commercial energy
reporting
Residential
Energy/Carbon Score
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Overview
1.Why policy?
2.Material Selection
3.Material Reuse
4.Existing Buildings
5.New Buildings
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Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs)
1. Concrete
2. Gypsum wallboard
3. Wood Products
4. Roofing
5. Steel products
6. Aluminum
7. Flooring
8. Insulation
9. Stone
10.Sanitary ceramics
11.Sealants
12.Building Hardware
13.Cladding systems
14.Doors
15.Etc……
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California AB 262
EPDs required for:
1. Carbon steel rebar
2. Flat glass
3. Mineral wool
insulation
4. Structural steel.
Buy Clean California -
Spend taxpayer dollars
consistent with California's
climate change goals
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Oregon HB 3161 + 3162
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Oregon Concrete EPD Program
http://www.ocapa.net/oregon-concrete-epds
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LEED v4
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Overview
1.Why policy?
2.Material Selection
3.Material Reuse
4.Existing Buildings
5.New Buildings
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City of Portland Deconstruction
Requirements
https://www.portlandoregon.gov/bps/68520
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Oregon DEQ Material Reuse Grants
Project Funding Amount Year
City of Portland. Deconstruction Pilot program and workforce
development.
$40,000.00
2016
Habitat for Humanity Columbia Gorge ReStore. Hire staff and market
materials.
$37,005.00
2016
Habitat for Humanity Warrenton Restore. Expand markets for
materials.
$47,730.00 2016
Habitat for Humanity Rogue Valley. Purchase box truck $29,400.00 2016
Habitat for Humanity Harrisburg. Purchase vehicle, equiptment, and
tools.
$45,000.00
City of Roses Disposal. Equiptment and supplies for a reclaimed
lumber processing and distribution center
$117,293.00 2016
ReBuilding Center. Purchase truck. Retrofit equiptment $60,099.00 2016
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Overview
1.Why policy?
2.Material Selection
3.Material Reuse
4.Existing Buildings
5.New Buildings
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Existing Buildings
Historic preservation
Zoning Code
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Overview
1.Why policy?
2.Material Selection
3.Material Reuse
4.Existing Buildings
5.New Buildings
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Minnesota – Buildings, Benchmarks and Beyond!
• Went into effect in July 2017
• Requires whole building LCA for state funded new buildings and major
renovations
• 3 paths to compliance: whole building; assembly; material substitution
http://www.b3mn.org/guidelines/3-0/m_1/
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Vancouver, BC
http://bylaws.vancouver.ca/Bulletin/G002_2017April28.pdf
May 1, 2017 update to policy for rezonings • Requires reporting of embodied
emissions for all rezoned buildings • Requires LCA process consistent with
LEED v.4 • LCA must include all envelope and
structural elements, footings and foundations, complete structural wall assemblies, structural floors and ceilings, roof assemblies, and stair construction
• Equivalent annual embodied emissions values must be reported alongside operational emissions in kgCO2e/m2/year
• Data collected by city to understand scale of embodied emissions
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Netherlands
• New residential and office
buildings greater than 100 m2
seeking permit must submit
estimate of embodied GHG
emissions
• As of 2018, a building’s total
environmental profile will have
an upper limit
• National EPD database
• Standardized method for whole
building LCA and several tools
available
https://www.naturallywood.com/resources/embodi
ed-carbon-buildings-and-infrastructure
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Germany
• Whole building LCA required for
new federal buildings. Buildings
compared to benchmarks and
points awarded accordingly
• Private sector green building
program with a benchmark
approach too
• National LCA/EPD database
• Free whole building LCA tool
https://www.naturallywood.com/resources/embodi
ed-carbon-buildings-and-infrastructure
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France
• Manufacturer making
environmental claim about
construction product must
submit an EPD to national EPD
database (January 2014)
• National EPD database
• Offers building labels and
incentives for
voluntarily meeting both
embodied carbon
and net-zero energy
consumption targets
–mandatory in 2020
https://www.naturallywood.com/resources/embodi
ed-carbon-buildings-and-infrastructure
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Advancing Embodied Carbon Policy
• Build off other’s success
• Be collaborative – join ECN
and participate in West Coast
Forum
• Measure success
• Fund/support shared
databases and publically
accessible tools
• Provide incentives
• Educate and find political
champions
• Align with other policies /
climate action plans / net zero