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Page 1: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions

12 October 2017

Page 2: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

West Coast Climate and

Materials Management Forum

The West Coast Climate and Materials Management Forum is

a collaboration of state, local, and tribal government

Develop ways to institutionalize sustainable materials

management practices.

Develop tools to help jurisdictions reduce the GHGs

associated with materials

Page 4: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

West Coast Climate Forum

Webinar Series Disclaimer

This webinar is being provided as part of the West Coast Climate and Materials

Management Forum Webinar Series. The Forum is a collaboration of state,

local, and tribal governments. We invite guest speakers to share their views

on climate change topics to get participants thinking and talking about

new strategies for achieving our environmental goals. Mention of trade

names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or

recommendation for use.

Please note the opinions, ideas, or data presented by speakers in this series do

not represent West Coast Climate and Materials Management Forum

members policy or constitute endorsement by the forum.

www.westcoastclimateforum.com

Page 5: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions

Page 6: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

ima

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© ta

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tca

reers

.co

.uk

The use of our buildings account for

38% of all CO2 emissions and

73% of electricity consumption

Page 7: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

530 million tons of construction and demolition (C&D) debris were generated in

the US in 2013—more than twice the amount of generated municipal solid waste

Page 8: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Ima

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© b

usin

essm

irro

r.in

fo

10-15% of building materials are wasted during the construction process

Page 9: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Resource extraction has doubled since 1980 worldwide, and

nearly tripled for the construction and industrial sectors

Page 10: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider
Page 11: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Version 4

Page 12: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider
Page 13: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

WHAT ARE EMBODIED CARBON EMISSIONS,

WHY DO THEY MATTER, AND HOW CAN WE

REDUCE IMPACTS IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT?

Imag

e ©

Ch

ris

Jord

an

Page 14: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Kate Simonen is an Associate Professor in the Department of

Architecture at the University of Washington with over 15 years of

professional practice experience as an architect and structural

engineer. Her research is focused on understanding and reducing the

environmental impacts of manufacturing building materials and

products through the use of environmental life cycle assessment.

She is founding director of the Carbon Leadership Forum, an industry

academic collaborative focused on linking LCA to design and

construction practice.

Larry Strain (FAIA) of Siegel and Strain Architects is a past board

member of the Northern California Chapter of the USGBC, is a

member of the AIA Materials Knowledge Working Group, serves on

the boards of the Ecological Building Network and the Carbon

Leadership Forum (CLF) and was on the research team for the

Embodied Carbon Benchmarking project with the CLF.

Today’s Speakers

Page 15: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Today’s Speakers

Jordan Palmeri is a Senior Policy Analyst in the Materials Management

Program at the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, where he

coordinates projects around the built environment, life cycle

assessments, and purchasing. He’s worked on building and zoning

codes, rating systems, and served as a technical and policy expert for

small housing initiatives.

Moderator: Wes Sullens, LEED Fellow, Director for Building Codes

Technical Development at the U.S. Green Building Council.

Page 16: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Q & A Session Please type questions into the “question box of GoToWebinar”

Kate Simonen

University of

Washington, Carbon

Leadership Forum

Larry Strain, FAIA

Siegel and Strain

Architects

Jordan Palmeri

Oregon Department of

Environmental Quality

Wes Sullens

US Green Building

Council

Page 17: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Future Webinars

Motivators to Reduce Wasted FoodThursday, November 30th 10:00-11:30 (PST)

More to come in the Webinar series in 2018:

February 2018: Advancing Sustainable Consumption: New Tools for Local Government

April 2018: Consumption and GHGs: New Models and Insights

June: 2018: Measuring Success in Reducing Wasted Food Presented by Oregon DEQ and Portland State University

Page 18: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

THANK YOU!

Please fill out the survey you receive after the webinar.

For more information, visit www.westcoastclimateforum.com

Page 19: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Carbon Leadership Forum

CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM Advancing Low Carbon Construction through

research, education and outreach

Page 20: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM Advancing Low Carbon Construction through research, education and outreach

Silver Sponsors

Gold Sponsors

Platinum Sponsors

Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill, Arkin Tilt Architects, Katerra, Loisos + Ubbelohde, SHKS, Sellen, Siegel & Strain

Supporters

Athena SMI, Architecture 2030, CASBA, EBnet

CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM

Page 21: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

1950

0

1oC

2000 2200 2150 2100 2050

3oC

2oC

8oC

7oC

6oC

5oC

4oC

Zero Carbon by 2050

Incr

ea

se in

Ave

rage

Glo

ba

l Tem

per

atu

re

IPCC Global Temperature Projection Scenarios

Business-As-Usual

Emissions Peak 2080

Emissions Peak 2040-2050

CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM

Page 22: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Addressing Climate Change is a Time Critical Issue

CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM

Page 23: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Net Zero = Zero Carbon??Buildings: Total Lifetime Energy Use

High Performance

CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM

Typical Building

Page 24: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT/

CARBON ACCOUNTING

Page 25: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Rebar (Nucor Steel)

Page 26: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

EXAMPLE LCA CHALLENGE: UK Steel Material FLOW

©K. Simonen 2013

Page 27: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

EXTRACTIONS

• Raw materials

• Water

• Coal/Gas

EMISSIONS (soil, water, air)

• Fuel combustion

• Polluted water

• Agricultural run-off

• Chemical reactions

LCA Life Cycle Assessment

CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM

Standardized (ISO) method of tracking/reporting

environmental impacts of a product (eg. flooring or building)

over the life cycle.

Page 28: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

OZONE FORMATION

(smog)

EUTROPHICATION (well

nourished)

Not covered by Type LCA

• Land use impacts

• Land use change

• Local impacts

• Habitat disruption

• Water use (developing)

• Human Health Impacts

CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM

ACIDIFICTION

(Low pH)

OZONE DEPLETION

(ozone hole)

NOT JUST CARBON:OTHER

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Page 29: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

MATERIAL to IMPACTS

ESTIMATE OF

QUANTITIES OF

MATERIALS IN

BUILDING

ESTIMATE OF

ENVIRONMNETAL

IMPACTS FOR EACH

MATERIAL

ESTIMATE OF TOTAL ENV.

IMPACT OF BUILDING

MATERIALS

Inventory Impacts

e.g. 100kg steel 0.43 kg CO2e /kg steel 43 kg CO2e

e.g. 50kg glass 1.064 kg CO2e /kg steel 53.2 kg CO2e

etc. etc. etc.

Sum Total Impact

Total

CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM

Page 30: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Goal:

What is the object of study?

Why is this study being performed?

What is the desired outcome?

Who is the audience?

Scope:

What is included?

What is excluded?

What are the boundaries of study?

Where is the data coming from?

What impacts will be assessed?

CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM

LCA Life Cycle Assessment

Standardized (ISO) method of tracking/reporting

environmental impacts of a product (eg. flooring or building)

over the life cycle.

Page 31: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017

15

CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM

Embodied Carbon Material Breakdown (initial construction)

Structural

Envelope

Interiors:Partitions/Doors/Finishes

Exterior site

Fittings/Appliances/Fixtures

MEP

Elevator/Equipment

Page 32: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017

16

Embodied CO2e over 100 year life

Manufacturing Mfr Transport Const Transport Construction Use End of Life

CO2e from initial

material

manufacturing

CO2e from

materials

refurbishing/

repairing

CO2e from

transport and

construction

Page 33: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Carbon Leadership Forum

©K. Simonen 2016

©K. Simonen 2014

Points for use of products with EPDs-Manufacture specific (20 products/5 mfr)-Industry average (half credit)-No more than 30% from structure/enclosure

Points for demonstrating whole building improvements

-Architecture 2030 Challenge for Products-Push to deliver low carbon products by 2030

-Manufacturer specific-Industry average

AEC Industry Pushing for Increasing Transparency-HBD: Health Product Declaration-Declare: Living Building Challenge Labeling-Responsible Sourcing Certification in LEED etc.

BUILDING INDUSTRY DRIVERS

Page 34: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM

BUILDING INDUSTRY TOOLS

LCA EXPERT TOOLS

Page 35: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017

19

Determining Time to Payback

Thin-Film Brand Wall

Images courtesy of wd Partners

LCA Case Study

Page 36: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017

20

Consider the difference in embodied carbon of facade systems with different operational energy performance.

High Performance Façade Payback

LCA Case Study

Page 37: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017

21

Estimated the time in which carbon savings would payback the higher embodied carbon of higher performance facade systems.

High Performance Façade Payback

LCA Case Study

Page 38: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017

22

Presenting embodied and operational impacts over time gave better sense of why immediate impacts deserve greater attention.

Embodied vs. Operational on Time Scale

equal approximately

LCA Case Study

Page 39: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017

23

Carbon Leadership Forum

©K. Simonen 2016

Low CarbonStrategies

Page 40: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017

24

Page 41: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017

25

IMPLEMENTATION

M

O

D

E

L

I

N

GEASYHARD

EASY

HARD

ROOFSTRUCTURAL

SYSTEM

CURTAIN WALL

CONCRETE

MIX DESIGN

CONCRETE

MIX DESIGN

Page 42: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017

26

Carbon Leadership Forum

©K. Simonen 2016

Page 43: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017

27

Carbon Leadership Forum

©K. Simonen 2016

Page 44: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017

28

Carbon Leadership Forum

©K. Simonen 2016

Typically less than 1,000kgCO2e/m2 and commonly between 200-500 kgCO2e/m2.

CLF RESEARCH:

Embodied Carbon Benchmark http://www.carbonleadershipforum.org/data-visualization/

Page 45: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017

29

Carbon Leadership Forum

©K. Simonen 2016Defining a Reference Building

CLF RESEARCH:

Environmental Impact of Mass Timber Office Construction

Page 46: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017

30

Carbon Leadership Forum

©K. Simonen 2016

Figure 8. Effect of number of intermediate beams on volume of beam + slab per SF.

Highlighting impact of configuration

CLF RESEARCH:

Environmental Impact of Mass Timber Office Construction

Page 47: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017

31

Carbon Leadership Forum

©K. Simonen 2016

CLF RESEARCH:

Environmental Impact of Earthquake Damage Repair

Contribution to COST for each repair activity

Page 48: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017

32

Carbon Leadership Forum

©K. Simonen 2016

CLF RESEARCH:

Environmental Impact of Earthquake Damage Repair

BEES Environmental Score

Page 49: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017

33

Carbon Leadership Forum

©K. Simonen 2016

CLF RESEARCH:

Environmental Impact of Earthquake Damage Repair

CO2e per Component Type

Page 50: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Convened by the Carbon Leadership Forum

www.embodiedcarbonnetwork.org

[email protected]

Embodied Carbon Network

LCA Book

LCA PRACTICE GUIDE LINKCARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM

Page 51: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM Advancing Low Carbon Construction through research, education and outreach

Silver Sponsors

Gold Sponsors

Platinum Sponsors

Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill, Arkin Tilt Architects, Katerra, Loisos + Ubbelohde, SHKS, Sellen, Siegel & Strain

Supporters

Athena SMI, Architecture 2030, CASBA, EBnet

CARBON LEADERSHIP FORUM

Page 52: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Time Value of CarbonWhen you save matters, what you build matters, what you don’t build matters:

Build Well - Rebuild Better

Page 53: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

1950

0

1oC

2000 2200 2150 2100 2050

3oC

2oC

8oC

7oC

6oC

5oC

4oC

Zero Carbon by 2050

Inc

rea

se

in

Ave

rag

e G

lob

al Te

mp

era

ture

IPCC Global Temperature Projection Scenarios

Source: IPCC 2013, Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP); Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), 2013; Climate Analytics and ECOFYS,

2014.

Note: Emissions peaks are for fossil fuel CO2–only emissions.

Business-As-Usual

Emissions Peak 2080

Emissions Peak 2040-2050

Page 54: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

- First emissions a building Is responsible for

Page 55: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Commercial1.4 billion ft2

(130 million m2)

Residential4.3 billion ft2

(400 million m2)

U.S. Construction:

~6 billion ft2 / year

(510 million m2 / year)

Page 56: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

PORTOLA VALLEY TOWN CENTER Goring & Straja Architects

Design Team Mechanical & Plumbing – Rumsey EngineersElectrical – IDeAsPhotovoltaics – High Sun EngineersStructural – Forrell/Elsesser

Page 57: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Building Materials – Weight – 1670 tons Concrete - 1324 Reinf. Steel - 51

Wood - 119 Engineered Wood - 25

Struct. Steel - 10 Metal roofing - 13

Waterproofing - 3 Insulation - Batt - 0

Insulation - XPS - 1 Fiber Cement Shakes - 1

Steel Doors - 1 Glass - dbl pane - 8

Alum/glass doors - .6 Alum. Clad wndws - .4

Gyp. bd. - 63 Clg. Tile - 6

Ceramic Tile - 4 Carpet Tile - 3

Ceiling Tile - 6 Linoleum - .4

PV System Ducting - 6

Cast Iron pipe - 6 Copper Pipe - 2

Steel pipe - .4 Wiring - .4

Pex Tubing

Concrete

Page 58: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Concrete - 172 Reinf. Steel - 21

Wood Framing - 36 Eng. Wood - 16

Struct. Steel - 7 Metal Roofing - 31

Waterproofing - 14 Insulation - Batt - 13

Insulation - XPS - 28 Cem/fiber Shakes - 2

Steel Doors - 3 Glass - dbl pane - 7

Alum/glass doors - 4 Alum. clad wndws - 3

Gypsum board - 22 Wood - Finish - 17

Carpet Tile - 6 Ceramic Tile - 6

Ceiling Tile - 1 Linoleum - 1

Ducting -11 Cast Iron pipe - 11

Copper Pipe - 5 Steel pipe - 1

Wiring - 8 PEX Tubing - 2

Concrete

Reinforcing steel

Wood FramingStructural Steel

Steel roofing

Finish Wood

Gyp Board

XPS Insulation

Embodied Emissions – 450 tons Concrete - 172 Reinf. Steel - 21

Wood Framing - 36 Eng. Wood - 16

Struct. Steel - 7 Metal Roofing - 31

Waterproofing - 14 Insulation - Batt - 13

Insulation - XPS - 28 Cem/fiber Shakes - 2

Steel Doors - 3 Glass - dbl pane - 7

Alum/glass doors - 4 Alum. clad wndws - 3

Gypsum board - 22 Wood - Finish - 17

Carpet Tile - 6 Ceramic Tile - 6

Ceiling Tile - 1 Linoleum - 1

Ducting -11 Cast Iron pipe - 11

Copper Pipe - 5 Steel pipe - 1

Wiring - 8 PEX Tubing - 2

Concrete

Reinforcing steel

Wood FramingStructural Steel

Steel roofing

Finish Wood

Gyp Board

XPS Insulation

Embodied Emissions – 450 tons

Page 59: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Standard building - 450 tons Our building - 305 tons

Embodied Emissions

Page 60: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

GHG Emissions - TotalsBase Case – 1,080 tons As Built – 850 tons: Reduction - 224 tons (21%)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Base Case As-Built

Vehicles

306

290

450 Buildings 305

323 Site 259

Materials

1,080

850

Page 61: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Passive Design Efficient Systems:

- Daylighting - Radiant Slabs – 97% efficient Boilers- Natural Ventilation - Ultra efficient air conditioners – SEER 19- Thermal Mass - 100% outside air ventilation – 30% above ASHRAE- Well insulated shell - Indirect energy recovery between inlet and relief air- External Shading - 76 KW Photovoltaic roof top system - Reflective Roofs - Low-flow fixtures – waterless urinals, dual flush

Construction vs Operating Emissions

Page 62: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Operating8,500 tons

Embodied1,194

Embodied854

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Year

Over 20 years, embodied – 50% of operating

Operating1,700 tons

Efficient, Low Carbon Building

Page 63: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Structure 50 – 75%

Envelope 10 – 25%

Interiors 5 – 15%

MEP 5 – 10%

Materials 70-85%

Transport 6-8%

Construction 6-13%

Site 5-10%*

* On large sites it can be much higher

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Embodied CO2 by Construction Type

Heavy Buildings 50 – 100 lbs/ft2

Light Buildings 25 - 75 lbs/ft2

Renovation 15 – 25 lbs/ft2

Page 65: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Embodied CO2 by Construction Type & Material

Concrete 25-50%

Wood 10-20%

Drywall 10-25%

Cladding 10--20%

MEP 10-15%

Carpet 10-25%

Tile 10-20%

Furniture 10-25%

MEP 10-20%

Interiors 15-20%

Concrete 50 - 80%

Steel and

Cladding 5-20%

MEP 5 -10%

Interiors 10-15%

AluminumGlass, Steel,Stucco, etc

BrickvinylStucco

Renovation Heavy Buildings Light Buildings

Structure

Structure

No Structure

Page 66: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Embodied CO2 by Construction Type & Material

Concrete 25-60%

Wood 10-20%

Drywall 10-25%

Cladding 10--20%MEP 10-15%

Carpet 10-25%Tile 10-20%Furniture 10-25%Other 10-20%

Other 10-15%

Concrete 25-80%

Steel 25-60%

Cladding 5-20%

MEP 5 -10%

Other 10-15%

AluminumGlassStucco, etc

BrickVinylstuccowood

Renovation Heavy Buildings Light Buildings

Page 67: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Embodied CO2 by Construction Type & Material

Concrete 25-80%

Steel 25-60%

Cladding 5-20%

MEP 5 -10%

Other 10-15%

Concrete 25-60%

Wood 10-20%Cladding 10--20%MEP 10-15%

Other 10-15%

Drywall 10-25%Carpet 10-25%

Tile 10-20%Furniture 10-25%Other 10-20%

Renovation Heavy Buildings Light Buildings

Page 68: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

BaleHaus(with ModCell panels)

Sequestered carbon42 metric tons

White-Design Associates

BRE Centre for Innovative Construction Materials

Page 69: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Existing Buildings310 billion ft2

2.2 billion tons / year

New Buildings6 billion ft2

350 million tons / year

Page 70: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

DPR Office BuildingNet Zero Remodel

Funding by StopWaste.org

Page 71: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Total Carbon Emissions over 20 years

Standard, New Building

(EUI 80)

Net Zero, Remodel

(EUI 23)

Scope 1: Direct emissions Scope 2: Indirect (electricity) Scope 3: Indirect (materials) Total Emissions Eliminated (no gas) Net positive (-124 tons) 70% reduction 97% reduction

Page 72: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

• Build New Net Zero Buildings

• Reduce Embodied Emissions

• Upgrade Existing Buildings

Page 73: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

New Buildings~6 billion ft2 / yr

35 millionmetric tons

Operating

Page 74: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

New Buildings~6 billion ft2 / yr

350 millionmetric tons

EmbodiedOperating

40 millionmetric tons

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New Buildings6 billion ft2 / yr

350 millionmetric tons

Embodied

Existing Buildings310 billion ft2

Operating Operating

2,200 millionmetric tons

38 millionmetric tons

Page 76: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

• Upgrade Existing Buildings to Net Zero

• Reduce Embodied Emissions

• Build New Net Zero Buildings

Page 77: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Resources

Architecture 2030 http://architecture2030.org

Carbon Leadership Forum http://www.carbonleadershipforum.orgEmbodied Carbon Network http://www.carbonleadershipforum.org/embodied-carbon-network/

Circular Ecology http://www.circularecology.com

BRE Centre for Innovative Construction Materials http://www.bath.ac.uk/ace/research/cicm/

White Design Associates https://www.white-design.com/research/

Ecological Building Network https://www.ecobuildnetwork.org

Government websitesCBECS https://www.eia.gov/consumption/commercial/

RECS https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/

EPA https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks

AIA https://www.aia.org/topics/2976-materials

Page 78: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Typically less than 1,000kgCO2e/m2

commonly between 200-500 kgCO2e/m2.

Embodied Carbon Benchmark Study - CLF

Page 79: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Thank YouLarry Strain

Page 80: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Jordan Palmeri

Materials Management Program

Embodied Carbon Policies

Built Environment Webinar

West Coast Climate and Materials Management Forum

October 12th, 2017

Page 81: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Overview

1.Why policy?

2.Material Selection

3.Material Reuse

4.Existing Buildings

5.New Buildings

Page 82: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Why Policy for Built Environment?

https://westcoastclimateforum.com/cfpt

Page 83: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Why Policy for Built Environment?

https://westcoastclimateforum.com/sites/westcoastclimateforum/files/related_documents/TA%20Final.pdf#page=4

Page 84: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Embodied complements operational carbon

Commercial energy

reporting

Residential

Energy/Carbon Score

Page 85: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Overview

1.Why policy?

2.Material Selection

3.Material Reuse

4.Existing Buildings

5.New Buildings

Page 86: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs)

1. Concrete

2. Gypsum wallboard

3. Wood Products

4. Roofing

5. Steel products

6. Aluminum

7. Flooring

8. Insulation

9. Stone

10.Sanitary ceramics

11.Sealants

12.Building Hardware

13.Cladding systems

14.Doors

15.Etc……

Page 87: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

California AB 262

EPDs required for:

1. Carbon steel rebar

2. Flat glass

3. Mineral wool

insulation

4. Structural steel.

Buy Clean California -

Spend taxpayer dollars

consistent with California's

climate change goals

Page 88: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Oregon HB 3161 + 3162

Page 90: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

LEED v4

Page 91: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Overview

1.Why policy?

2.Material Selection

3.Material Reuse

4.Existing Buildings

5.New Buildings

Page 92: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

City of Portland Deconstruction

Requirements

https://www.portlandoregon.gov/bps/68520

Page 93: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Oregon DEQ Material Reuse Grants

Project Funding Amount Year

City of Portland. Deconstruction Pilot program and workforce

development.

$40,000.00

2016

Habitat for Humanity Columbia Gorge ReStore. Hire staff and market

materials.

$37,005.00

2016

Habitat for Humanity Warrenton Restore. Expand markets for

materials.

$47,730.00 2016

Habitat for Humanity Rogue Valley. Purchase box truck $29,400.00 2016

Habitat for Humanity Harrisburg. Purchase vehicle, equiptment, and

tools.

$45,000.00

City of Roses Disposal. Equiptment and supplies for a reclaimed

lumber processing and distribution center

$117,293.00 2016

ReBuilding Center. Purchase truck. Retrofit equiptment $60,099.00 2016

Page 94: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Overview

1.Why policy?

2.Material Selection

3.Material Reuse

4.Existing Buildings

5.New Buildings

Page 95: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Existing Buildings

Historic preservation

Zoning Code

Page 96: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Overview

1.Why policy?

2.Material Selection

3.Material Reuse

4.Existing Buildings

5.New Buildings

Page 97: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Minnesota – Buildings, Benchmarks and Beyond!

• Went into effect in July 2017

• Requires whole building LCA for state funded new buildings and major

renovations

• 3 paths to compliance: whole building; assembly; material substitution

http://www.b3mn.org/guidelines/3-0/m_1/

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Vancouver, BC

http://bylaws.vancouver.ca/Bulletin/G002_2017April28.pdf

May 1, 2017 update to policy for rezonings • Requires reporting of embodied

emissions for all rezoned buildings • Requires LCA process consistent with

LEED v.4 • LCA must include all envelope and

structural elements, footings and foundations, complete structural wall assemblies, structural floors and ceilings, roof assemblies, and stair construction

• Equivalent annual embodied emissions values must be reported alongside operational emissions in kgCO2e/m2/year

• Data collected by city to understand scale of embodied emissions

Page 102: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Advancing Embodied Carbon Policy

• Build off other’s success

• Be collaborative – join ECN

and participate in West Coast

Forum

• Measure success

• Fund/support shared

databases and publically

accessible tools

• Provide incentives

• Educate and find political

champions

• Align with other policies /

climate action plans / net zero

Page 103: Built Environment and Embodied Carbon Emissions · 2017-10-12  · Thin-Film Brand Wall Images courtesy of wd Partners LCA Case Study. GREENBUILD 2017 08 - 10 NOVEMBER 2017 20 Consider

Thank You!

Jordan Palmeri

503-229-6766

[email protected]

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