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Slide 2 Buildings and Structures 2 Fixed Installations Slide 3 Aim To provide students with information to allow them to recognise the types of fixed fire protection systems found in buildings and the firefighting and the considerations needed when dealing with incidents involving such systems. Slide 4 Learning Outcomes At the end of the session students will be able to state: The types of systems found in buildings The basic principles of operation The practical firefighting considerations. Slide 5 Sprinkler systems Designed in accordance with British standard 5306 part 2 Governed by Loss Prevention Council (LPC) rules for automatic sprinkler systems. Slide 6 Sprinkler systems Main components A water supply A range of pipe work Sprinkler heads An alarm. Slide 7 Three types of sprinkler systems WET pipe system DRY pipe system ALTERNATE wet and dry system. Slide 8 Reasons for different types WET systems are installed in areas where there is no danger of freezing DRY systems are installed where the temperature is artificially maintained at below 0 centigrade or above 70 centigrade. Slide 9 Wet system. Slide 10 Alternate system. Slide 11 Sprinklers Water supplies Town mains Gravity tank Elevated private reservoir Suction tanks and booster pumps. Slide 12 Sprinkler system controls Sprinkler systems are fitted with a variety of controls and gauges, those of importance to firefighters are; The main stop valve (MSV) Alarm devices. Slide 13 Main stop valve (MSV) Isolates water supply, once fire is extinguished, to mitigate water damage Must be right handed thread (clockwise closing). Slide 14 Main stop valve (MSV) Handwheel marked to indicate direction of operation Indication of whether valve is open or shut MSV must be secured open by means of a strap and lock. Slide 15 Main stop valve (MSV). Slide 16 Controls A plan showing location of MSV must be placed in the building where it can be easily seen by firefighters Additionally an indicator plate must be fixed to an external wall as close to the MSV as possible. Slide 17 Controls. Slide 18 Sprinkler alarms Every installation must be fitted with an approved water motor alarm Alarm actuated by water flowing into the system Water turbine (Pelton wheel) actuates a hammer that strikes against a gong. Slide 19 Typical alarm. Slide 20 Multiple systems Where a building has more than one installation fitted, each gong shall be numbered in bold figures that correspond to the number painted on the controlling valves of each installation. Slide 21 Alarm sounding There are four main reasons why sprinkler alarm gongs operate; Opening of sprinkler head Opening of a drain or test valve Leakage from the system due to damage A rise in the incoming water supply pressure. Slide 22 Firefighting considerations(1) On arrival, one member of the crew to be sent to the MSV The MSV can be opened if found closed The valve MUST NOT be closed, except on the express instructions of the Incident Commander. Slide 23 Firefighting considerations(2) If the system is fitted with a fire brigade inlet the principal supply of water can be augmented Additional water should not be extracted from the same main that feeds the installation. Slide 24 Firefighting considerations(3) Sprinklers should not normally be turned off in order to fight the fire with jets or spray branches Although sprinklers may appear to have extinguished the fire,careful examination of the scene is still essential to confirm that the fire is out. Slide 25 Drencher systems Sprinkler systems are installed to protect the interior of a building DRENCHER systems are designed to protect the external openings of a building from exposure to fire from adjacent buildings. Slide 26 Three types of drencher systems ROOF drenchers WALL drenchers WINDOW drenchers. Slide 27 Foam inlets Compartments containing oil or other flammable liquids can be protected by fixed piping through which foam can be pumped The piping terminates in a fire service inlet usually protected by a glass panel marked FOAM INLET. Slide 28 Typical foam inlet. Slide 29 Rising Mains Vertical pipe installed in a building with an inlet at ground level and outlets at various levels for fire service use. There are 2 types; Wet Dry. Slide 30 Rising mains. Slide 31 Landing valve. Slide 32 Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) installations Confined to the protection of hazards located in buildings or those around which a protective screen can be erected, for example; Electrical apparatus Paint stores Libraries and archives. Slide 33 CO 2 installation. Slide 34 Safety features Systems must be fitted with a means to immobilise the equipment Automatic systems must not operate whilst compartments are occupied Provision is made for for locking off the auto facility, leaving a manual override control. Slide 35 Warning sign Areas protected by carbon dioxide systems should be identified by a warning sign sited near the entrance to such areas. Slide 36 Confirmation Assessments will be based on this lesson and the corresponding study note Learning Outcomes The types of systems found in buildings The basic principles of operation The practical firefighting considerations. Slide 37 THE END