building the tree of life - mrdones.weebly.com€¦ · plantae, animalia} current system as of...
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Building the Tree of Life
Many species didn’t _________ Linnaeus’s
2 kingdoms…{Plantae, Animalia}
fit
A mushroom didn’t move
and eat like an animal, but it
wasn’t green and perform
photosynthesis like a plant.
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Building the Tree of Life
Late 1800’s…3 kingdoms {Protista,
Plantae, Animalia}
Mid 1900’s…5 kingdoms {Monera, Protista, Fungi,
Plantae, Animalia}
Current system as of 1990’s…
6 kingdoms
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Building the Tree of Life
6 kingdoms {Archaebacteria, Eubacteria,
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia}
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Building the Tree of Life
Domains – Most recent taxon and higher than
___________ (added in 1990 by Carl Woese, et. al.
at the University of Illinois)
Based on rRNA studies that
showed three distinct
differences, thus three
domains of Bacteria, Archaea
and Eukarya were created
kingdom
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Building the Tree of Life
Domains – Originally the Domain
Archaea was thought to be the most
ancient of bacteria, but now the Domain
Bacteria is believed to have come first
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Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Bacteria
Domain Bacteria has 1 Kingdom
Bacteria
_____________ (true bacteria)
Salmonella typhimurium
invading skin cells
Eubacteria
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Unicellular – one cell
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
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Prokaryotic – no membrane bound organelles
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
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Cell Wall – thick, rigid cell wall around membrane,
made of peptidoglycan for structural support
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
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Peptidoglycan found in the cell wall
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
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heterotrophic autotrophic
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
autotrophic (photosynthetic or chemosynthetic) or
heterotrophic
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Bacterium
with flagella
•common bacteria that live around us, free-living soil to deadly
parasites
Legionnaires
Disease
Lyme Disease E. coli – food
poisoning Pneumonia
bacteria
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
Lactobacillus
acidophilus in Yogurt
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Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Archaea
Domain Archaea has 1 Kingdom
Archaea
_____________ (ancient bacteria)
Sulfolobus
Archaebacteria
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Unicellular – one cell
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
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Prokaryotic – no membrane bound organelles
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
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autotrophic or heterotrophic
autotrophic
(make their own food) heterotrophic
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
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Cell Wall – structure around the cell membrane for support
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
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No Peptidoglycan, but membranes contain unusual lipids
not found in any other organisms
Archaebacteria
other bacteria
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
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Archaebacteria live in harshest, extreme
environments.
some can live in a
geyser (hot springs)
Some live in a
volcanic vent
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Some live in a
brine pools of high
salt conc.
Some live in a
organic mud
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Some survive in the absence of oxygen
methanogen
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Archaea
Kingdom Archaebacteria
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Domain _________ has 4 Kingdoms
Eukarya
Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Eukarya
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_____________ – one cell
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
Paramecium
Unicellular
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eukaryotic – membrane bound organelles
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
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some are plant-like – autotrophic
(photosynthetic)
Two species of algae (protists).
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
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some are animal-like - heterotrophic
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
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some are fungus-like - decomposers
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi
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Other Examples
Volvox
(green algae)
Paramecium
Diatoms
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
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_______________ – many cells (billions/trillions)
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi Multicellular
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eukaryotic – membrane bound organelles
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi
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heterotrophic - decomposers
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi
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cell walls of chitin
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi
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Examples
bread molds
morel – edible
bracket fungus
yeast mushroom – poisonous
athletes foot
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Fungi
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Multicellular – many cells (billions/trillions)
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae
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Eukaryotic – membrane bound organelles
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae
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_____________ (photosynthetic) – can
make its own food
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae Autotrophic
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cell walls contain cellulose
cellulose
fibers
cellulose
formula
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae
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Examples
flowering trees conifers (cones) flowers
moss fern
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae
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Multicellular – many cells (billions/trillions)
muscle cells
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
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Eukaryotic – membrane bound organelles
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
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______________ - consumers
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia Heterotroph
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no cell walls
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
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motile – at least part of their lives
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia
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Examples
Building the Tree of Life
Domain – Eukarya
Kingdom Animalia