building the major scale -...
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MartinGureaskonakedkeyboardist.com
BuildingtheMajorScale
Withourknowledgeofhalfstepsandwholestepswearenowreadytobuildthemajorscale.
Amajorscaleiscreatedbythefollowingarrangementofhalfandwholesteps.
WewillusetheCMajorScaleinthisfirstexample.
Theory - Building Blocks - The Major Scale
Review:
A half step is the distance from one note to the next, with no notes in between.
A whole step is the distance between two notes with only one note in between.
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ThispatternholdstrueforALLmajorscales:WWHWWWH
Noticethattherearenoflatsorsharps(blackkeys)usedinformingtheCscale.Everwonderedhowcomeaparticularkeyhasacertainnumberofflatsorsharps?Well,that’sdeterminedbytheiroccurrenceasyouconstructthescaleusingthispatternofhalfandwholesteps.
Thus,theCscale’skeysignaturelookslikethis:
Akeysignatureisasetofsharp(#)orflat(b)symbolsplacedtogetheronthestaffthatindicatethetonic,orhomekey.Inotherwords,thekeythatthesongorpieceofmusiciswrittenin.Keysignaturesaregenerallywrittenimmediatelyfollowingtheclefsignsatthebeginningofapieceofmusic.Formorepractice,let’sbuildacoupleofmorescales.
ThekeyofGhasakeysignaturewithonesharp(F#),likethis:
Let’sconstructthescaleandyouwillseewhy.
Remembertheformula?WWHWWWH
Theory - Building Blocks - The Major Scale
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Whenyougetto“E”youneedanotherwholestep,whichtakesyoutoF#insteadofF.Thus,Ghasonesharp,F.
Inasubsequentlesson,wewillseehowthearrangementofkeysignaturesevolvesintothe“circleoffifths.”Butmoreaboutthatlater.Asweprogress,thiswillbegintobecomeclearerandclearertoyou.Fornow,youshouldfocusonlyhowhowtoconstructmajorscales.
Aspartofthelessonnotes,Iamincludingacompendiumofall12majorscales.Youwillseehowtheylookonthekeyboard,aswellasthestaff.Andifyouaren’treadingmusicyet,noworries.Aspartofthislesson,Iwillteachyouto“hear”howthemajorscalesounds.
Let’slookatonemore.
ThekeyofFhasoneflat(B)andthekeysignaturelookslikethis:
Theory - Building Blocks - The Major Scale
MartinGureaskonakedkeyboardist.com
Let’sdiscussonelastthingbeforewelistentohowthemajorscalesounds.
Howcomeblackkeyscanbeeithersharporflatandwhatdetermineswhichlabelitgets?
Firstofall,ascaleisaseriesof8tonesandyoumustusethelettersofthemusicalalphabetinorder.Youcan’tskipanyoruseanytwice.
So,ifyouhaveanAscaleyouwillstartwithA,thenuseB,C,D,E,F,G,andA.
Onastaff,thescalewillALWAYSbeeighttonesonneighboringlinesandspaceslikethis:
So,ifwebuildanAscale,wewillhavetousetheformula:WWHWWWH(That’sanon-negotiable)
Here’stheAscale-constructedusingourformulaofhalfandwholesteps,andsincewehavetouseeachletternameonce,weMUSTcallthethirdnoteofthescaleC#,notDb.Disthefourthtoneofthescaleandwecan’tusetheletterDmorethanonceinthescale.ThesamereasoningappliestotheF#andG#.Makesense?
Itmaybehelpfultonoticethatallthescalesthatbeginonwhitekeys(exceptF)usesharps.Scalesthatbeginonblackkeyscanbeabittrickier,becauseyouhavetodetermineattheoutsetwhetheryouwillcallthefirstnoteasharporflat,whichinturndetermineshowtherestofthenotesarelabeled.
Theory - Building Blocks - The Major Scale
MartinGureaskonakedkeyboardist.com
Evenwhitekeyscanbesharpsorflats,dependingonthekeysignature.Forexample,inthekeyofGb,usingourformulaofWWHWWWH,thefourthtoneofthatscaleisactuallyaC-flat.Youcan’tcallitaB,becauseBbisthethirdtoneofthescaleandwecan’tresumethelettername.Gettinganycleareryet?Ifnot,don’tworry.
Asweprogressthroughthesetutorialsyouwill,atsomepoint,havealightbulbmoment.Wealldid.AndIwillkeepsayingthesamethingsoverandoveragain,andapproachingthesameprinciplesfromdifferentangles,andvoila,youwillgetit.Trustme!
Okay,that’senoughforthetheory.
Let’sputitintopractice.
Whentheirrepressiblenun-turned-nannyMariataughttheVonTrappchildrentosing,shebeganwith"Doe,adeer,afemaledeer,Ray,adropofgoldensun."RichardRodgersandOscarHammersteinportrayeditintheir1959musical,TheSoundofMusic.
Theory - Building Blocks - The Major Scale
MartinGureaskonakedkeyboardist.com
Thedo-re-misongisanexampleofsolfeggio,whichisjustanotherwayofidentifyingthenotesofthescale.
Inasubsequentlessonwewilldiscussotherwaystoidentifyeachnoteofthescaleandbuildchordsusingeachnoteofthescale,whichwillleadustowardanunderstandingofchordprogressions.But….allingoodtime.
HaveyouheardtheChristmassong,JoytotheWorld?
Thatmelodyisamajorscale,playedbackwards.Inthisexample,it’sinthekeyofD,whichhastwosharps,anF#andaC#.
AndwhileweareinChristmasmode,let’slookatTheFirstNoel,whichmakesuseofthemajorscale.Itactuallystartsonthethirdnoteofthescale,whichisF#,andthemelodymakesuseoftheentirescale,onenoteafteranother.
Theory - Building Blocks - The Major Scale
MartinGureaskonakedkeyboardist.com
Theory - Building Blocks - The Major Scale
MartinGureaskonakedkeyboardist.com
Theory - Building Blocks - The Major Scale
MartinGureaskonakedkeyboardist.com
Theory - Building Blocks - The Major Scale
MartinGureaskonakedkeyboardist.com
Theory - Building Blocks - The Major Scale