building the federal government focus question how did debate over the role of government lead to...
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Building the Federal Building the Federal GovernmentGovernment
Building the Federal Building the Federal GovernmentGovernment
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Focus Question• How did debate over the role of
government lead to the formation of political parties?
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The New Leaders• Washington took his oath as part of the
official swearing-in ceremony, or inauguration
• Elected 1st President of the United States• One French diplomat who witnessed the
inauguration reported in awe “He has the soul, look, and figure of a hero united in him”
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Washington’s Government
• Established precedents for how to govern
• Precedent is an act or statement that becomes an example, rule, or tradition to follow…” So help me God”
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The New Leaders• 1789, Washington made a
precedent by creating the departments of War, State and the Treasury
• Called the Cabinet• Washington selected officials to
head the major departments of the executive branch
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The New Leaders• Thomas Jefferson – Department of
State• Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of
Treasury• Henry Knox – Secretary of War• Edmond Randolph – Attorney
General
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Treasury Secretary Hamilton
• Brilliant, dynamic lawyer• Advocated a strong central
government
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Hamilton’s Program
• Secretary of Treasury
• Huge debt after the Revolutionary war
• Proposed a plan to help the economy and strengthen the national government
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Hamilton’s Program• Federal government
will assume state debts
• Controversial because some states had already paid debt
• If Southern States approve then
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Hamilton’s Program• Federal capital
will relocate to Potomac River – stimulate the economy of Virginia
• Congress approved the plan
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Hamilton’s Program
• U.S. government charter a national bank
• Strengthen the federal government
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Hamilton’s Program• Creditors would look
to the nation for payment rather than individual states
• The central bank would collect tariffs and repay debt with interest
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Hamilton’s Opponents
• James Madison and Thomas Jefferson
• Concerned that Hamilton’s policies would hurt the common person
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Secretary of State Jefferson
• Maintained contacts with foreign governments
• Collected information about world affairs
• Communicated with U.S. officials living overseas
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Thomas Jefferson - Republican
• Thomas Jefferson - Republican
• Objected to interference of the national government in the economy
• Assumed the strength of the economy in its agricultural productivity
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Foreign Policy Issues• Conflict between Britain and France
threatened to break apart the new American nation
• Federalists oppose the war• Washington and his successors managed
to steer a neutral course (until the War of 1812).
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Foreign Policy Issues• War with French
and Britain• US is neutral, or not
taking sides• British seized US
trading ships and supported Native American in the NW
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Political Parties Emerge• Hamilton’s
economic program continue to grow
• The Whiskey Rebellion
• Direct tax on whiskey
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Whiskey Rebellion• “taxation at the
source,” meaning the Government collects the tax from the producer, not the consumer.
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Whiskey Rebellion• Whiskey was then often used as a form
of currency on the cash-strapped frontier.
• Made the whiskey tax unfair to the western farmer-distillers
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Whiskey Rebellion• “Whiskey Rebellion” of 1794 in
southwestern Pennsylvania• President Washington, accompanied by
Alexander Hamilton, led 12,000 troops to put down the rebellion.
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Whiskey Rebellion• The successful
suppression of the Whisky Rebellion helped establish the power of the Federal Government
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Jeffersonian Republicans
• Federalists and Republicans
• First two political parties • Key issue --Power and
size of the federal government
• Federalists- followed Hamilton’s ideas of strong central government
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Jeffersonian Republicans
• Republicans- favored Jefferson’s idea of strong state governments
• limited central government and agrarian economy
• No relation to the republican party today,
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Daily QuizDaily QuizDaily QuizDaily Quiz
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Who supported the federal government to
take on the states’ debts
• Alexander Hamilton
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officials to head the major departments of the executive branch
•Cabinet
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an act or statement that becomes an example, rule,
or tradition to follow
Precedent
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Who objected to the interference of the
national government in the economy
• Jeffersonian Republicans
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Whiskey Rebellion occurred in response to
• Hamilton’s debt plan
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Treaty between the US and Britain aimed at
expanding trade between the two
countries
• Jay’s Treaty
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Name the first two political parties in the United States.
Federalists and
Republicans
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Federalists v Jeffersonian Republicans
• Create a T-chart outlining the difference in the Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans