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Building Sustainable Installations Building Sustainable Installations d i d i Building Sustainable Installations Building Sustainable Installations Advances in Waste Advances in Wasteto toEnergy Energy Technologies Technologies Technologies Technologies Dave Robau Dave Robau Dave Robau Dave Robau Environmental Scientist Environmental Scientist S t b S t b September September 27, 27,2011 2011 Washington, Washington, D.C. D.C. 1

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Page 1: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Building Sustainable InstallationsBuilding Sustainable Installations

d id i

Building Sustainable InstallationsBuilding Sustainable Installations

Advances in WasteAdvances in Waste‐‐toto‐‐Energy Energy TechnologiesTechnologiesTechnologiesTechnologies

Dave RobauDave RobauDave RobauDave RobauEnvironmental ScientistEnvironmental Scientist

S t bS t bSeptemberSeptember 27,27,20112011Washington,Washington, D.C.D.C.

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Page 2: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Agenda Topics Agenda Topics 

h ill lk bh ill lk bWhat We Will Talk About…What We Will Talk About…

Current StatusCurrent Status

Plasma Technology Plasma Technology –– Energy SecurityEnergy Security

System Layout and DesignSystem Layout and Design System Layout and DesignSystem Layout and Design

Environmental ConsiderationsEnvironmental Considerations

SummarySummary

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Page 3: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Where Does Your Garbage Go?Where Does Your Garbage Go?Where Does Your Garbage Go?Where Does Your Garbage Go?

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Page 4: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Where Does It Go?Where Does It Go?Where Does It Go?Where Does It Go?

Business As UsualBusiness As UsualBusiness As UsualBusiness As Usual

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Page 5: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Where Does It Go?Where Does It Go?Where Does It Go?Where Does It Go?

Seriously…?Seriously…?

Is this the best we can do???we can do???

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Page 6: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Open Pit Burns in TheaterOpen Pit Burns in TheaterOpen Pit Burns in TheaterOpen Pit Burns in Theater

I  f  Ai  dI  f  Ai  dIssues for Airmen downrangeIssues for Airmen downrange

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Credit: Air Force TImes

Page 7: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

What is Plasma?What is Plasma?

Plasma is an ionized gas that conducts electricity Plasma is an ionized gas that conducts electricity  Plasma is an ionized gas that conducts electricity Plasma is an ionized gas that conducts electricity  The electrical current releases large amounts of heatThe electrical current releases large amounts of heat Several technologies have been developed to use this source of Several technologies have been developed to use this source of g p fg p f

heat which can reach temperatures over 9,000ºFheat which can reach temperatures over 9,000ºF

Hot as the surface of the sunThere are four states of matter

SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMASOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA<32oF >32oF >212oF >9000oFICE WATER STEAM IONIZED GAS

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Page 8: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Plasma Gasification ProcessPlasma Byproducts

f

VitrifiedVitrifiedRock

Intense PlasmaEnergy

Small volume of AirWaste +

Gasification(Fast)

+ +

Shock Cooling & Cleaning of

Syngas (fuel)Small Equipment

N S d

Gas Engine Recovers

Chemical EnergyMetal

Energy

No Secondary wastes

100% Volume Reduction

•Small Systems

• Scalable

• Energy Recovery

Reduces GHG Carbon Credits

Energy Recovery

• No Dioxins / Furans

• No Residual Waste

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Page 9: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Typical Design Layout

Graphite Arc

Patented 2 Stage Graphite Arc Plasma Furnace followed by

h l i d dp

Plasma Furnace

Feed Pretreatment S

Plasma Fired Eductor

the Plasma Fired Eductor

SystemVitrified

Rock

Synthesis Gas Energy Recovery

System

9

yCleaning System

System

Credit: PyroGenesis Canada

Page 10: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Pilot Project in FloridaPilot Project in FloridajjSystem can handle hazardous and/or System can handle hazardous and/or 

nonnon‐‐hazardous wastes:hazardous wastes: Hospital/ClinicalHospital/Clinical HazardousHazardous IndustrialIndustrial PCB’sPCB’sPCB sPCB s Municipal WasteMunicipal Waste SludgeSludge Flammable liquidsFlammable liquids Chemical/biologicalChemical/biological Chemical/biologicalChemical/biological

Successful test in Florida will  launch Successful test in Florida will  launch larger scale applicationslarger scale applications Economic benefit to the taxpayerEconomic benefit to the taxpayerf p yf p y Good neighbor news storyGood neighbor news story Advances technology for the NationAdvances technology for the Nation

Will allow Federal Agencies to exceed Will allow Federal Agencies to exceed ggmany EO 13423/13514 mandatesmany EO 13423/13514 mandates

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Page 11: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Electrode Motion System Electrode Motion System ll ill iInstallationInstallation

Plasma Torch

Electrode Motion System

Furnace Load Cells

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Page 12: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Removable CrucibleRemovable Crucible

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Page 13: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Molten Metal OxidesMolten Metal Oxides

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Page 14: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Thermal Shock to the Slag Thermal Shock to the Slag P d  I t A tP d  I t A tProduces Inert AggregateProduces Inert Aggregate

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Page 15: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Metal Oxides After Metal Oxides After h l h kh l h kThermal ShockThermal Shock

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Process FlowProcess FlowProcess FlowProcess Flow

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Credit: Recovered Energy Systems

Page 17: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Benefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the Technology

ThisThis is is NOT NOT incineration!incineration!ThisThis is is NOT NOT incineration!incineration!

Gasification is a much cleaner Gasification is a much cleaner technologytechnologytechnologytechnology

The USEPA and FDEP results The USEPA and FDEP results demonstrate that the slag produced demonstrate that the slag produced demonstrate that the slag produced demonstrate that the slag produced isis much cleaner that incinerationmuch cleaner that incineration

Air emissions significantly less than Air emissions significantly less than g yg yUSEPA standardsUSEPA standards

18USEPA, Discharge Standards under AP 42 5th Ed, Vol 1, Ch 2, Se 2.1 June 2002

Page 18: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Environmental ConsiderationsEnvironmental ConsiderationsEnvironmental ConsiderationsEnvironmental Considerations

95% reduction in Mercury 95% reduction in Mercury  95% reduction in Mercury 95% reduction in Mercury 

60% reduction in Nitrogen Oxide60% reduction in Nitrogen Oxide

95% reduction in Sulfur Dioxide95% reduction in Sulfur Dioxide

This is not an energy projectThis is not an energy project We take a waste management problem into an energy We take a waste management problem into an energy 

generating solutiongenerating solution

We achieve a fixed cost from a nonWe achieve a fixed cost from a non‐‐volatile source of energy volatile source of energy 

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Page 19: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Inert Slag from Plasma FurnaceInert Slag from Plasma Furnacee t S ag f o as a u acee t S ag f o as a u aceThe The vitrificationvitrification furnace produces an inert slag which can be used as an furnace produces an inert slag which can be used as an 

aggregate for construction materials and can be recovered in many forms   The aggregate for construction materials and can be recovered in many forms   The aggregate for construction materials and can be recovered in many forms.  The aggregate for construction materials and can be recovered in many forms.  The TCLP results demonstrate that the slag produced is well below regulations.TCLP results demonstrate that the slag produced is well below regulations.

METAL Units Sample Result Detection RegulationMETAL Units Sample Result Limit Regulation

Arsenic (As) mg/L ND 0.3 5.0

Barium (Ba) mg/L ND 0.1 100

Boron (B) mg/L ND 0.3 500

Cadmium (Cd) mg/L ND 0 05 0 5Cadmium (Cd) mg/L ND 0.05 0.5

Chromium (Cr) mg/L ND 0.05 5.0

Lead (Pb) mg/L 0.2 0.05 5.0

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Selenium (Se) mg/L ND 0.3 1.0

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Carbon CreditsCarbon Credits

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Page 21: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Benefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the Technology

Lots of waysLots of ways to generate energyto generate energyLots of waysLots of ways to generate energyto generate energy

So what’s the problem?So what’s the problem?

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Page 22: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Benefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the TechnologyBenefits of the Technology

Lots of waysLots of ways to generate energyto generate energyLots of waysLots of ways to generate energyto generate energy

Many sources of RE are intermittentMany sources of RE are intermittent

Some require precious metals that Some require precious metals that are in short supply (unsustainable)are in short supply (unsustainable)

Oftentimes the resources is far from Oftentimes the resources is far from where people live (line loss)where people live (line loss)

Plasma WastePlasma Waste‐‐toto‐‐Energy Energy technology offers “dependable” technology offers “dependable” energy energy AND AND solves the solid waste solves the solid waste 

18

gygyproblem problem 

Page 23: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

SummarySummary

Plasma WastePlasma Waste‐‐toto‐‐Energy technology can:Energy technology can:gy gygy gy

Save taxpayer dollarsSave taxpayer dollars

Convert waste to energy, i.e. electrical and heatConvert waste to energy, i.e. electrical and heatgy,gy,

Recover beneficial products waste streamRecover beneficial products waste stream

Significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissionsSignificantly reduces greenhouse gas emissionsg f y g gg f y g g

Divert waste from landfillsDivert waste from landfills

Mine and reclaim legacy landfills Mine and reclaim legacy landfills 

Help agencies exceed EO 13423 & 13514 goalsHelp agencies exceed EO 13423 & 13514 goals

Opens the door for future federal/state/local applications Opens the door for future federal/state/local applications 

Help solve tough war fighter problems!Help solve tough war fighter problems!23

Page 24: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Energy Technology CenterEnergy Technology Centergy gygy gy

24

Page 25: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Green JobsGreen Jobs Incubator: STEMSIncubator: STEMS

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Page 26: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

The FirstThe First‐‐ofof‐‐its Kind Zero 4 Facilityits Kind Zero 4 Facilityyy

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Building Sustainable InstallationsBuilding Sustainable Installationsgg

27

Dave Robau, Executive Director Gulf Coast Energy Network850-855-2108 [email protected]

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BACK UP SLIDESBACK UP SLIDESBACK UP SLIDESBACK UP SLIDES

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Page 29: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Shameless PlugShameless Pluggg

29

Page 30: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Camera View Inside CrucibleCamera View Inside CrucibleCamera View Inside CrucibleCamera View Inside Crucible

28

Page 31: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Tapping the Inorganic FractionTapping the Inorganic Fractionpp g gpp g g

14

Page 32: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Solidified Inorganic MaterialSolidified Inorganic Material

32

Page 33: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Plasma Furnace SpoolPlasma Furnace SpoolPlasma Furnace SpoolPlasma Furnace Spool

26

Page 34: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Refractory UnitRefractory UnitRefractory UnitRefractory UnitCamera

P tRadar

Port Port

El dElectrodePort

ElectrodePort

Haz WasteBox Feeder

Input

WasteInput

27

p

Page 35: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Crucible RefractoryCrucible RefractoryCrucible RefractoryCrucible Refractory

Refractory M t i lMaterial

35

Page 36: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Storage Mixer and Storage Mixer and Screw AugersScrew Augers

Storage MiMixer

Screw Auger

Variable Speed Screw Auger

36

Screw Auger

Page 37: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Furnace MezzanineFurnace MezzanineFurnace MezzanineFurnace Mezzanine

DoubleAir Lock Storage

Mixer

FurnaceMezzaninee a e

37

Screw Auger

Page 38: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Electrode Motion System Electrode Motion System InstallationInstallation

Electrodes

PlasmaFurnace

38

Page 39: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

DI WDI Waater Cooling Systemter Cooling SystemDI WDI Waater Cooling Systemter Cooling System

Plasma Torch Water

Cooling

39

Cooling System

Page 40: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Plasma TorchesPlasma TorchesPlasma TorchesPlasma Torches

Plasma Torch

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Page 41: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Plasma Torch InstalledPlasma Torch InstalledPlasma Torch InstalledPlasma Torch Installed

Eductor

Plasma Torch

41

Page 42: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Plasma Torch TestPlasma Torch TestPlasma Torch TestPlasma Torch Test

Plasma Torch Gas Plume

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Page 43: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Crucible Spool and EductorCrucible Spool and EductorCrucible Spool and EductorCrucible Spool and Eductor

SpoolEd SpoolEductor

43

Page 44: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Eductor Being Connected to Eductor Being Connected to hhQuench SystemQuench System

Ed tEductor

QuenchWaterRapid

CoolingS t

44

System

Page 45: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Quench Water Storage SkidQuench Water Storage SkidQuench Water Storage SkidQuench Water Storage Skid

Cooling Water Skid

Cooling Tower

45

Page 46: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Syngas Cleaning EquipmentSyngas Cleaning EquipmentSyngas Cleaning EquipmentSyngas Cleaning Equipment

SulfurQuench Sulfur Removal Module

Water Cooling Tower

Continuous Emissions Monitoring Induced Draft

46

gSystems

Induced Draft Fans

Page 47: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Quench Water Treatment SystemQuench Water Treatment SystemQuench Water Treatment SystemQuench Water Treatment System

47

Page 48: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Syngas Flaring TowerSyngas Flaring TowerSyngas Flaring TowerSyngas Flaring Tower

Flaring Tower

48

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GE GE JenbacherJenbacher 12 Cylinder12 CylinderGE GE JenbacherJenbacher 12 Cylinder12 Cylinder

49

Page 50: Building Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste · PDF fileBuilding Sustainable Installations Addvances in Waste‐to‐EnergyEnergy ... Successful test in Florida will launch

Electrical Conditioning ModuleElectrical Conditioning ModuleElectrical Conditioning ModuleElectrical Conditioning Module

PowerPower Conditioning

Module

EEmergency Shut Down Generator

G id C ti

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Grid Connection Transformer