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Name of Project: at One City Mall

Date of Submission: Week 13

Group Members:

No: Names: Student I.D:

1. Farah Aida Binti Shahar Sham 0322962

2. Muhammad Fareez Bin Shahar Sham 0322961

3. Kok Ka Shing 0323553

4. Haroon Faleel 0322197

5. Adam Wong 0322520

6. Zachary 0323120

7. Poh Ling 0323590

8. Afiqah 0321196

9. Satesh 0321419

BUILDING SERVICES 2

( BLD 60304 )

ASSIGNMENT: GROUP PROJECT.

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CONTENT

PAGE

1.0 Introduction 3

2.0 Purpose of the building as case study 4

3.0 Air Conditioning System 5-8

4.0 Vertical Transportation 9-22

5.0 Fire Protection System 23-37

6.0 Electrical Supply System 38-40

7.0 Conclusion 41

8.0 Reference 42

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1.0 Introduction

One City is an integrated mixed development sprawling over 77 acres of freehold land. The

development includes of service apartments, shopping mall, hotels, office suites and shop office.

It was estimated that the development value of the project is at RM5 billion. The development

consist of 12-storey with 222 office suites and 250 units of retail shop in number.

The building is well known for their green technology. The main attraction of the building is

located on the top level of the building which is called the Sky Walk which brings most of the

visitor to the place. It is a strategic idea to build with restaurant and café below the Sky Walk.

The development is easily accessible via the LDP, Elite Highway, Subang Jaya as well as Putra

Heights, and is clearly visible from most of these highways. Envisioned to be an urban oasis in

the middle of this bustling suburb, One City is further enveloped in a lush array of greenery on

top of its Green Building Index features.

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2.0 Purpose of The Building as A Case Study

In this assignment we are given a task to search for a building or complexes and

we decided to choose this building because it has the characteristics of a Green

Building. This building is modern and beautiful so we hope the building services is

up to date which modern technology. The interesting part of the building is that it

is located at a very strategic location where it is near to our university and some

housing areas which could attract people to come.

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3.0 Mechanical and Air Conditioning Systems

Definition Ventilation is the term used for a process of exchanging or replacing air within an enclosed

space to provide high indoor air quality. Factors involved are oxygen replenishment,

temperature control, and the removal of smoke, dust, heat, odours, moisture, and other gases

such as carbon dioxide and etc. Ventilation keeps the air circulating in the building and prevents

stagnant air from building up by introducing air from outside.

One of the most important factors of ventilation is both the exchange of the air to the outside

and the constant circulation of air inside the building is required to maintain acceptable indoor

air quality in buildings. There are two methods for ventilating a building; it is either

mechanical/forced or natural types.

For our case study, we decided to choose the MCT Tower (or One City) as the building mostly

uses mechanical type of ventilation but there are some areas on the higher levels that uses a

mixture of mechanical and natural ventilation as well.

Mechanical ventilation

Mechanical ventilation is driven by the use of components like an air handling unit (AHU) that is

connect to ducts within the building to supply or extract air from an enclosed space and is used

to control the indoor air quality. Excess humidity, odours, and contaminants can be controlled

via dilution or replacement with outside air. Mechanical ventilation is used when there are

building constrains or when natural ventilation is not sufficient to achieve the desired indoor air

quality.

Natural ventilation

Natural ventilation is the ventilation of a building using the outside air and natural forces,

without the help of any mechanical systems. Natural ventilation is based on providing fresh air

with the use of windows, louvers and trickle vents, but it is only effective in small areas. On the

plus side, it is relatively inexpensive and easy to maintain.

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AHU room

An air handler unit or AHU for short, in an equipment that is used to regulate and circulate air.

It consist of components such as a blower, heating or cooling eliment, filter, damper and etc.

The MCT Tower uses a centralised system to supply air throughout the entire building. The AHU

room in the this building is located at the basement floor in a medium sized room. The AHU

connects to the ducting that is laid throught the building and sends cool conditioned air and

returns waste air via the ducting and diffusers. The waste air is then send back to the AHU room

to be filtered and cooled again to be recirculated into the building.

Air supply diffuser

Through our observation, we noted that 4-way multi direction diffusers are used in this building

as the main source for air supply. These multi direction diffusers are very effective at

distributing air evenly. It can either be used as a supply or exhaust but in the building we were

in, it was used for supplying air only. An advantage to using these diffusers is that are easy to

install and also to conduct maintainance on.

Air return/exhaust diffusers

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Within the MCT Tower, we noted that the air exhaust diffusers are installed in various places

both on the walls and the ceiling. In areas such as the roof top and the basement, we observed

that air exhaust diffusers are installed in those places to vent out waste air or heated air coming

from the HVAC system in the building. Some are also used for venting out fumes from

restaurant kitchens in the building that runs individually and not connected to the HVAC

system. The diffusers close off the ducts from view. This return air grill also has filters mounted

on it to trap particles to guarantee that the redirected air is hygiene. This can benefit in the long

run to reduce the amount of cleaning required for ducts. Ducts for returning air are located at

every floor level or in the walls. It is necessary to use filters over these grills, which will benefit

to higher efficiency in the system. The filters also help to decrease airflow and thus help

improve efficiency. These filters can have certain upgrades, which can reduce allergens and

dust to make the circulated air healthier.

Air Door

Air doors are installed at entrances or customer entryways to create an invisible shield by

blowing a uniform airstream that flows along the entire doorway. Air doors are installed to help

in keeping flying insects out by creating forceful turbulence, retain out outside air and prevent

loss of cool air, thus reducing infiltration through the opening. Air doors works best if the

pressure differential between the internal and external of the building is approximately neutral.

The air door is most effective with low exterior wind velocity. At higher wind velocities, the rate

of air mixing increases and the outside air portion of the total face flow increases. Under best

conditions of no wind disturbance, effectiveness of the air door is at its maximum. In windy

locations, air doors cannot create a perfect seal, but are often used to reduce the amount of

infiltration from an opening

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Problems of Mechanical and Air Conditioning Systems

Insufficient cooling

Within the MCT Tower, we find that it is quite humid and hot in some areas of the building

especially on the top floors. This is due to the insufficient number of air supply diffusers placed

in the building. This has made the HVAC system rather ineffective due to it having to cover large

area of space with just a little number of diffusers. We noticed some shop lots only have two

small diffuser to supply air to that lot. The ceiling was also a little high except for places like the

lower ground level, thus contributing to the factor of the HVAC system being ineffective. The

solution to this problem is to add more air supply diffusers. This is to lessen the burden for each

individual air diffuser point to cover a larger area and to cool the area more effectively.

Insufficient ventilation

There are some areas within the building especially from the ground floor to the second floor

where most of the shops are located, are quite humid and also sometimes smelly from all the

construction and also the smell from the toilets. The solution to this problem is to install more

air return diffusers in the affected area, in order to ease the ventilation problem.

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Air ducting is not concealed adequately

There are some parts of the ceiling where we could see all the air ducting pipes and other utility

as the ceiling panels were not installed yet in some places and also some were damaged. This

does not impact the performance of the HVAC system, although it does lower the aesthetic

value within the building. Exposing the ducting could potential be subjected to vandalism as

there are a few areas where the ducting are low enough to be easily accessible.

4.0 Vertical Transportation System

The vertical transportation system is a crucial element in the efficient operation of a building and

for the experience and comfort of building occupants. In a building of One City Sky Park Mall

where a big number of people generally come over daily, it is a must to have efficient

transportation system for them for convenience. Vertical transportation systems in a building

refer to a system that can carry passengers or freight from one level to another.

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In this module we have learnt two main types of vertical transportation, which are escalators and

elevators. Both of these two systems serve the same purpose but in a different way on how they

transport the passengers or freight and in each of them comes a variety different types and

designs nowadays as they seek further improvements aesthetic-wise and efficient-wise since the

two systems were invented.

Escalator

An escalator is conveyor designed to transport people quickly and efficiently between floors of a

building. It requires no waiting time and the escalator is reversible to suit the main flow of traffic

during peak times.

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There're three different types of step width purposes where the limit of the size can either

provide:

1) One passenger only

2) One passenger and 1 child, side by side

3) Two passengers, side by side

It will provide shorter travel time than elevators because elevator cars are limited in size and

passengers have to wait longer for the service. The speed of the escalator is between 0.45m/s to

0.60m/s. The step width of escalator is about 1000mm, which allow for two people to stand side

by side and to step on the escalator

Arrangement of Escalators

Two-way-traffic Crisscross, Continuous Arrangement

The arrangement allows customers to travel quickly to upper floors without any waiting time and

is used mainly in major department stores, public buildings and public transport buildings where

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transport times between several levels should be kept to a minimum. Travels in two directions to

limit the traveling time between floors. This type is widely used in shopping malls and now

being used more and more in government institutes and public places

Safety Features

The escalators also shows the safety tips while using the escalators. When entering the elevator,

you should watch the direction of the moving steps and step on and off with extra care. You

should also grasp the handle as you step onto the step. When riding the escalators, loose clothes

must be kept away from sides and steps. Climbing or riding the handrail is also prohibited. When

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exiting the escalators, make sure that to step over the comb fingers and don’t let your feet slide

off the end of the escalator.

Protection of passengers during normal operation is secured by a number of safety features

associated with moving stairways.

a. Handrails and steps travel at exactly the same speed to assure steadiness and to aid

stepping on or off the comb plates

b. The steps must be broad and steady, and designed to avoid slipping

c. An automatic service breaks will bring the stairway to a smooth stop if,

- The drive chain or step chain is damages

- An object is jammed between the skirt guard and steps

- A power failure

- The multifunction of the drive motor

Components of Escalator

The main components of the escalator are:

Uppert Landing

Emergency Stop Switch

Handrail

Escalator Step

Skirt

Balustrade

Comb Plate

Safety Switches

Pit

Step Turnaround

Handrail Entry

Step Chain

Step Rollers

Returning Stairs

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Handrail Drive Assembly

Electric Motor

Landing Plate

Handrail return

Elevators

Elevators are the mainstay when it comes to transporting people between floors in high rise

buildings. It moves vertically in the lift shafts by using counter weights or traction cables.

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One City Sky Park mall consists of 20 lifts in total which includes 4 fire- fighter lifts.

The UBBL requirements:

Under UBBL 1984 Section 123-128, lifts:

124 - For all non-residential buildings exceeding 4 stories above or below the main

access level at least once lift shall be provided.

Under UBBL 1984 Section 152-155, Ventilation to lift shafts:

152(1) - Every opening in a lift shafts or lift entrance shall open into a protected lobby

unless other suitable means of protection to the opening to the satisfaction of the local

authority is provided. These requirements shall not apply to

open type industrial and other special buildings as may be

approved by the D.G.F.S.

Traction Elevator

The type of evaluator that used in One City Sky Park Mall

are Traction Elevator. Traction Elevator consist of a lift car

and a counterweight attached to separate ends of a cable

which travels over a large pulley wheel called a Sheave at

the top of the lift shaft. The counterweight and the lift are

intended to balance each other out which means that only a

small amount of power is needed to move the lift car up and

down.

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The major components of an electric lift are, machine room, hoist way and pit, lift car and

landing. When the lift car goes up, the counterweight goes down and vice versa. The lift car and

counterweight are usually mounted on guides which are like rails that run vertically inside the

shaft to ensure they do not stray from their path. It is important that traction elevator ropes and

sheaves are checked for wear on a regular basis.

Glass Elevator

The elevator can support up to 1365kg which can take up about 20 number of passengers one

time. During our site visit we can determine that the type of elevators that the building uses is a

traction elevator (electric) because the elevator is in a high-rise building, contains sheaves and

cables to move it up and down, to sum it up, it contains a counterweight which is what a traction

elevator should have 99% of the time.

Through research we have found that there exists a traction elevator without a counterweight

which comprises of at least a control unit and other components as the support. The

counterweight is attached to opposite ends of hoist ropes. The hoist ropes pass over the motor

that raises and lowers the car. As we went to the top floor we found out that there is no motor

room and instead the motor is located on the topside wall of the hoist way and thus the elevator

is to be considered as 'Machine Room- Less Elevator' in which we soon figured it out after we

met an elevator mechanic.

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Counterweight

One of the first few things that they showed us is the lift controller from the outside of the car

that can determine whether the lift functions properly or not. On what we thought was a

scaffolding and later on we have clarified that it is not what we thought. The elevator mechanic

mentioned is that the component is called ‘transom’ (upper). Other than that, we were able to see

the motor since at the top floor and we can determine that the building doesn’t have a motor

room. In some cases, the motor room is located below the lift shaft rather than above it. For this

case, we found out that the lift without a motor room is called MRL(Machine Room-Less)

elevator.

The manager mentioned that the possibility of the lift cables from snapping is extremely unlikely

as the suspension cables are made of high tensile steel and designed to be ten times stronger than

they actually need to be. As long as lifts are inspected regularly, any damage to cables can be

identified and remedied. Even if the cable was to snap, there is an over speed governor and

buffer at the bottom of the lift shaft which would stop the lift from plummeting.

Ventilation of Elevator

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It is also complete with lights and ventilation fans which kept the lift in bright condition and

good ventilation. According to the MS1525, the car shall be provided with adequate forced

ventilation during the periods such lift is available for use. It can be seen here that the fans are

hidden by the perforated openings that allow ventilation within the lift car.

Hall Lantern & Call Button

The lift consists of hall lanterns located on middle of the lift to indicate which floor the lift is

serving. The main purpose of the hall lantern is to indicate whether the lift is coming up or down

to a certain floor. It is placed at a position where it is visible from any angles within the lift

lobby.

Call buttons are used to request for a lift and each floor that requires a lift must have its

individual call button. Once requested, the button must be light up to indicate that the request has

been received and the elevator is on its way to the passenger.

Floor Selection Buttons and Emergency Call Buttons

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The floor selection buttons allow the user to select which floor they want to stop at and once

selected, the lift will ascend or descend to the respective floor. The emergency button is located

above the number 5 and below the open and close button.

Problems of Vertical Transportation System

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1. Problem of Escalator not functioning

Few of the escalator were not working. We have to walk down the escalator or take the elevator.

It would be hard for old people or people with disabilities to go down or go up. The facility

management should have fix it because it was not functioning for long time.

A. Solution of Escalators not functioning

Method of Solving Problem : Infrared Motion Sensor

This system enables the escalator to slow down and eventually stop when nobody is using it.

Once a passenger is detected by the sensor within a certain distance range on the landing

platforms, the infrared beam will be interrupted and the escalator will gradually accelerate to its

full speed in just a few seconds. The escalator will be turned off once the beam path is restored.

This system could save energy without the need of running all the time.

B. Compare and Contrast of Escalator

Current System Recommendation

Malfunction - Sudden halt during the

operation of the escalator

Installation of the infrared motion system

C. Recommendation of the Best Suited System

It is recommended for One City Sky Park Mall to install the infrared motion sensor system on

the escalators of the current system. The infrared motion sensor functions when a passenger is

detected within a certain range of distance, allowing the escalator to start operating from its

standby state. When no passenger is detected after a short period of time, the escalator would

then stop operating and stay in standby state.

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Elevator

1. Problem of elevator without installing CCTV and Poor Ventilation

CCTV was not installed inside the elevator. It is very dangerous for young ladies to be inside the

elevator with unknown people, especially at night. There should be at least one CCTV for every

elevator at One City Sky Park Mall.

There was air coming out from the top of the elevator but it was not enough. The air coming out

was not cold, it was rather warm which makes everyone in the whole lift suffocating.

A. Solution of Elevator without installing CCTV and Poor Ventilation

A Closed-circuit Television System (CCTV) comprising of a camera in the lift car can be

installed to improve the safety of passengers. Movement of passengers can be closely monitored

and actions can be taken immediately when emergency happens.

Inspection and maintenance shall be conducted regularly on the ventilation system of lift shaft to

provide adequate ventilation and fresh air to the passengers in the lift car.

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2. Problem of without Hand Railings in Elevator

We have noticed about One City Sky Park Mall site visit process that no hand railings in the

elevator lifts. Despite being a shopping mall with attractive appearances, not having handrails in

the elevators could be a disadvantage for a fair number of people such as the old people or

people with disabilities.

One of the main reasons to have the elevator hand railing is to avoid falling to the floor which is

highly unsafe. It is also aesthetic in value as well as practical. Having said that, handrails in

elevators are not a requirement under UBBL.

B. Solution of without Hand railings in elevator

As a solution to this problem, we recommend the One City Sky Park shopping mall manager to

install hand railings to each escalators to prevent any unnecessary inconvenience happening and

also to make it a more disabled-friendly multipurpose building or shopping mall.

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C. Compare & Contrast of Elevator

Current System Recommendation

No CCTV inside the elevator Installation of CCTV system in the

elevator

Inadequate ventilation in the elevator

causing human discomfort

Regular inspection and maintenance

on the ventilation system of the elevator

No hand railing in the elevator cause the

disadvantage to people

Install hand railings to each escalators to

prevent any unnecessary inconvenience happening

D. Recommendation of the Best Suited System

It is recommended to One City Sky Park Mall to improve the safety of the people by the

installation of closed-circuit television system (CCTV) into the elevators of the building. This

alternative allows the management office staff to monitor the movement of people into and out

of the elevators. If any suspicious person is detected or any emergency occurs inside the

elevators, the management office could take speedy action to ensure the safety of the public.

Regular inspection and maintenance should also be conducted on the ventilation system of the

lifts to ensure adequate ventilation. Other than that, it is recommended to the One City Sky Park

shopping mall manager to install hand railings to each escalators to prevent any unnecessary

inconvenience happening and also to make it a more disabled-friendly multipurpose building or

shopping mall.

5.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM.

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The fire protection system function as a vital role to avoid the spreading of fire breakouts in a

building. Fire protection systems works by extinguishing fire and controlling the spread of fire. It diminishes the effect of violent fire and to shield the people from the damages of fire. The two

methods of a fire protection system are active fire protection method and passive fire protection method.

Active fire protection system

Active fire protection system can be an automatic or a manual operative system. An automatic operative system necessitates a triggering response in order for it to perform. Active fire

protection system needs to obey to the requirement of uniform buildings by law. During an emergency situation, all the electricity power in the building will be shut off except for the

electricity for the active fire protection system. The main function of an active fire protection system is to alert the people in the building during a fire emergency.

External fire hydrant (Water based system)

The external fire hydrant is located at the exterior of the building at a location that is not

less than 2m from the face of building.

The external fire hydrant includes a water piping that’s connected directly to a water supply to channel water at every hydrant outlet.

Its function is to supply water for the fireman to put out fire.

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Sprinkle System (Water based)

upright sprinkler

recessed pendant sprinkler

The fire sprinkler system is located on the ceiling of a building.

The sprinkler are connected to a water distribution piping system which is pressured by the water supply system.

It operates when heat is detected.

The two types of sprinklers found in One City Mall are the upright sprinkler and the recessed pendant sprinkler.

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Fire Hose Reel (Water based)

People can find the Fire Hose Reel at the corridor of every level. It is made up from a reinforced rubber that could endure high pressure of water.

The Fire Hose Reel is for the people in the building to use during an early stage of a fire.

Fireman’s switch

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In One City Mall, the fireman switches are settled onto the walls of the building and painted red and thus they are effectively located.

The fireman switch is intended to shut down the neon lighting or different unsafe electrical gear

in the event of a fire occurrence. This is to keep the electronics from being overheated and thusly causes more fire damage.

Fire Detection System and Alarm Devices.

Alarm bell

Alarm bells are situated on the walls of the buildings, you can find numerous of alarm bells in

One City Mall.

It is mount specifically to a standard electrical box indoors. Alarm bells produce high sound output for fire indication to the people in a building.

They are operated automatically if triggered by heat detector.

Heat detector

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The heat detector is likewise set inside the shopping center, on the ceiling.

It operate by, that when a smoke is identified by the device, and hindered the light going through,

it will trigger the fire alert to give a indicator for the inhabitants to get away.

Fireman intercom system

The fireman intercom system is located nearby the staircase of every level at the One City mall.

The handset is locked inside a box and to use the handset one needs to unlock the box.

When a building is furnished with fireman intercom system, it enables our firefighters to immediately change their arrangements to battle a fire.

This can be a life sparing opportunity in a case of fire.

Manual Pull Station.

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The manual pull station is a pulling system to activate the carbon dioxide in the fire suppression system.

The Manual pull station function is to activate carbon dioxide in the occurrence of a fire

emergency. The carbon dioxide is then released through the carbon dioxide discharged nozzle from

the carbon dioxide cylinder triggered by the pulling of the manual pull station.

carbon dioxide cylinder in the fire suppression system

Passive Fire protection system

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Passive Fire protection system functions by slowing down the spread of fire from spreading to

one place to another before the fire brigades arrive. This would help victims by allowing them to escape using the escape routes and giving more opportunities for them to save their lives. This

system minimizes the damages caused by fire. It is located on an equal footing at every floor of the building for people to use.

Fire Escape Routes

Emergency Fire Escape Plan

The fire escape routes are located at every floor in One City mall. People will come across the emergency fire escape plan at every floor of the building specifically beside the lift.

The emergency fire escape plan shows the map of the building, it shows you where you are, the locations of the fire hose reel, fire extinguishers, emergency exits, wet risers, fireman

lifts, fire alarms and emergency staircases.

. Emergency Staircases

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There should be an emergency staircase at every floor in a building. The emergency staircases in a building should be situated such that it has clear access and does not have any

obstruction. It should lead people in the building to an exit to protect people during the occurrence of a fire. The staircase route should be adequately illuminated at all times and free

from all obstruction. People should always use the emergency staircase at an event of a fire and not use the lift.

Fire Resistant Doors

The fire resistant door in One City mall is made of wood. It is painted with a fire resisting paint to hold the burning of the door from fire as long as possible,

It has a door closer attached to door which is an important device to make sure that the door

remains closed every time it is opened so that the smoke would not spread through the corridor.

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Emergency exit language

The emergency exit signs can be found everywhere in the building.

It acts as a direction for the victims to follow in case of an emergency. It could reduce the victim’s panic situation. The exit would light up if the power is shut down and it would lead the

victims to an exit.

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Fireman’s Lift

The fireman’s lifts should allow fire fighters to reach any floors that might be on fire without

traversing more than two stories. The fireman’s lift main function is to enable fireman to use in order to rescue people who may be

trapped on upper floors during an event of a fire in a building.

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PROBLEM ANALYSIS FOR FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM.

The problem with One City mall’s fire sprinkler system is that some of the fire sprinkler are

painted with paint. Sometimes painting over the fire sprinkler heads is an accident, and people may not realize until it’s too late. This can easily happen if you hire another person or company to paint, or if you’re using a paint sprayer to quickly coat a large area. But painting over a fire

sprinkler head is one of the most dangerous mistakes to make. It can lead to a costly repair job. The sprinkler would not work if there is paint on the sprinkler.

EMERGENCY FIRE BREAK GLASS

We found one of the Emergency Fire break Glass that the glass has already been smashed and already faulty. Clearly it can no longer be used during an emergency.

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FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Based on the Fire Escape plan, it states the location of the fire extinguishers in the mall and we realized that certain places fire extinguishers are absent and cannot be found.

A fire extinguisher should be placed beside the door according to the fire escape plan.

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RECOMMENDATION TO THE PROBLEMS FACED BY FIRE PROTECTION

SYSTEMS.

FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM.

Problem: Fire sprinkler painted with paint.

Recommendation: Change the head of the sprinkler system.

The safety requirement for painted sprinklers are to replaced the heads of the sprinklers. Any time painted sprinkler heads are put aside it puts lives at risk.

If need to paint the area around the fire sprinkler heads, be sure to cover them with paper and tape the area around the ceiling, carefully not to disturb the sprinkler head itself. By making sure these sprinklers haven’t been painted over, you can better ensure the safety of everyone.

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EMERGENCY FIRE BREAK GLASS

Problem: Faulty Emergency Break Glass

Recommendation: Replacement to a new Emergency Break Glass.

The recommendation to this problem is that the authority of the mall should do more inspection

and to change the Emergency Fire Break Glass so that during a Fire Emergency the alarm can function to alert the event of fire to the people in the building.

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FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Problem: Missing fire extinguisher. Theres is supposed to be a fire extinguisher located beside

the door according to the fire escape plan

The problem regarding the absence of fire extinguishers at the places that the fire extinguishers

are supposed to be located at can be fixed by recommending One City Mall to provide more fire

extinguishers and put them at the specified location according to the fire escape plan. The fire

extinguishers should also be installed on brackets or cabinets supplied.

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6.0 Electrical Supply System

Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) is the largest electric utility company in Malaysia. It serves over

8.4 million customers throughout Peninsular Malaysia and also the eastern state of Sabah

through Sabah Electricity Sdn. Bhd. TNB’s core activities are in the generation, transmission and

distribution of electricity.

Electrical Conduit

Conduit can protect the cable physical damage and heat. Conduit tee fitting also provides

continuous support. PVC electrical conduit is rigid and lightweight. It is also durable and readily

cut. PVC electrical conduit is less cost than its metallic counterparts.

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Transformer Room

Transformer room is where the step-down transformers are placed. A transformer is a machine

used to step down high voltage current from 11kV to low voltage 415V. The 415V current will

then be transferred to the main switchboard for distribution. A “DANGER” sign board is placed

on the door of the door.

Distribution Panel

A distribution panel consists of circuit breakers and busbars. Circuit breakers’ functions are

almost same as fuses. Circuit breakers are able to protect for high current incomes and feeders

power supply. It must remain closed connection when short-circuits happen. The purpose is to let

the downstream circuit breaker cut off the faults. Moreover, switchboards also contain a set of

busbars which is used to transmit high electrical current in a distribution panel. Busbars connect

to switchgear to clear faults and de-energize equipment.

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Cable Tray

In the electrical wiring of buildings, a cable tray system is used to support insulated electric

cables used for power distribution and communication. Cable trays are used as an alternative to

open wiring or electrical conduit systems, and are commonly used for cable management in

commercial and industrial construction. They are especially useful in situations where changes to

a wiring system are anticipated, since new cables can be installed by laying them in the tray,

instead of pulling them through a pipe.

Modular Energy Meter

The Modular Energy meter combines modern metering technology with a proven

electromechanical drum register for outstanding performance over a long life. Specifically

designed to provide cost-effective, entry-level functionality for customer revenue metering in

markets for both symmetrical and asymmetrical connection standards.

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7.0 Conclusion

In this case study process, we learn different types of building services in our location which is at

One City Sky Park, USJ 25. We all studied and make a research about the building services

which is the ventilation system, transportation system, fire protection system and finally the

electrical supply system. We all have participated in this case study by bringing the knowledge

we have learn throughout the chapters we studied in the course module.

The location we selected is interesting because the building itself is an ecofriendly building. It is

a great experience to learn about a building with modern appearances which helps us discover

many new interesting technologies being used with the building services.

Even though the building is an interesting choice we still can see some of the services in the

building that does not make the building for its purpose. For instance, some of the escalator

motion sensors are not working like some green buildings which usually will stop the escalator

when there is no motion. This will cause a high electricity wastage. This should be considered as

something important even though it is just an escalator.

Finally, in this group assignment we learn how use our knowledge, good decision making, task

dividing and most of all teamwork to complete this assignment.

43

8.0 References

1. 11 The transformer room. (n.d.). Retrieved June 21, 2017, from

http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/biltmore-techtour/1315

2. Electricity Meters. (n.d.). Retrieved June 21, 2017, from

http://new.abb.com/low-voltage/products/system-pro-m/measurement-products-

for-din-rail/electricity-meters

3. MALAYSIAN GRID CODE. (n.d.). Retrieved June 21, 2017, from

https://www.tnb.com.my/commercial-industrial/malaysian-grid-code

4.Mechanical ventilation in buildings – what you need to know - TheGreenAge. (2017). TheGreenAge. Retrieved 16 June 2017, from

https://www.thegreenage.co.uk/mechanical-ventilation-in-buildings-what-you-need-to-know/

5.Mechanical ventilation of buildings - Designing Buildings Wiki. (2017). Designingbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 17 June 2017, from https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Mechanical_ventilation_of_buildin

gs

6.Types of HVAC Systems. (2017). HGTV. Retrieved 17 June 2017, from

http://www.hgtv.com/remodel/mechanical-systems/types-of-hvac-systems

7. One City @ USJ 25 – THE EVER HAPPENING CITY. (n.d.). Retrieved June

21, 2017, from http://onecity.com.my/

8. Working Principle of Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker ELCB | Voltage and

Current ELCB | RCCB. (n.d.). Retrieved June 21, 2017, from

https://www.electrical4u.com/working-principle-of-earth-leakage-circuit-breaker-

elcb-voltage-current-elcb-rccb/