building service group assignment

PKNS Complex,Shah AlamPrepared byLee Pei Gie 0315653Yong Seen Yee 0315883Khoo Xin Yee 0316180Davin Young Qiao Wei 0321065Thun Shao Xun 0315919Tay Sy Min 0320813Shane Sim Ee Han 0321288

Building Services II (QSB 2714)Bachelor of Quantity Surveying

’’Oldest commercial

complex in Shah Alam which

houses offices and shops.

There are hardly any high street

shops. It's more of a bazaar with

small shops/stores/stalls

.

The Selangor Immigration Office here also helps to

cater the crowd

Discussion on Existing System>>>>>>>>>

Fire protection system

• Active fire protection system

• Passive fire protection system

Fire extinguisher• Initial outbreak of

fires• Located at

conspicuous location• Within 20m from a

potential fire hazard• ABC type dry powder

fire extinguisher• Blue colour

Fire Protection System

External fire hydrant• Flow from water main with

the control of a valve• Two way fire hydrant• <10m distance to the

building• <10m distance to high

voltage electrical main• <90m apart along access

road


Hose Reel• Early stage of fire• Sited in proper position• Manually operated and

activated by opening a valve enabling the water to flow into hose that is 30m away


Water storage tank• Located at roof level• Pressed steel• Painted with a red

band of minimum 200mm

• Two compartments• Level indicator


Wet riser• Permanently charged with

water • >30.5 and <70.5m above the

fire appliance access level• Inlet breeching connector at

ground floor and with landing valve on each floor

• Air valve automatically open to release air

• Air valve close when is full of water


Sprinkler system• Small glass bulb with a

glycerine based liquid• Block the flow of water• Liquid become hot;

expand; shatter the glass bulb

• Temperature is approximately 68°C/155°F


Fireman’s switch• Electrical isolation switch• Permit the disconnection of

electrical power supply • Located in conspicuous

place• <2.75m from the ground• Paint in red colour


Manual call point• Raising an alarm manually• Push button / break glass• Installed at a height of

1.2m above floor level• Travel distance from one

place to the nearest call point doesn’t exceed 30m


Fire alarm bell• To alarm people who are

at risk• It is relatively loud• Produce a specific sound

pattern to avoid confusion to successfully warn for hazards


Smoke detector

• To detect the fire• Ionized smoke detector & light scattering smoke

detector• Reduce current which energies alarm relay and

obstruct the light passing through• Trigger the alarm bell to give signal


Voice communication system

• To communicate critical information

• Colour in red• Two way communication

system• A network of telephone

handsets connected to the master headset at the Fire Command Centre


Fire door• Allow the flow of

traffic around the building

• A barrier to stop the spread of fire when door is closed

• Provide an escape route for occupants to escape when the door is open


Fire escape route

• Emergency exit• Provides a directional exit signs• Mounted beside the lift for showing these

escape routesFire Protection System

Staircase and compartment

• The number of risers per flight <16

• Tread & riser dimension are consistence

• No winders in escape staircase

• Sub-divided into compartment by using compartment walls and compartment floors

• Period of insulation >15min


Electrical Supply System

• Main Switch Board• Service Entrance• Branch Circuit• MCCB• Conduit

Main switch board• Consists of various

electric apparatus that are used to operate circuits

• To transmit electricity• It is enclosed • Sheet steel fabricated


Service entrance• Allow the electric to flow

to the building• Electric will pass through

the meter and a device• For overcurrent

protection and electrical current control

• To avoid occurrence of overcurrent


Branch circuit• A metal box that filled

with switches• To supply the power to

the electrical devices in the shop

• Cut off the power without affecting the power supply of the whole building


Miniature circuit breaker (MCCB)

• To protect cables • Lines against overload and short-

circuitElectrical Supply System

Conduit• To protect the cables

from physical damage and heat

• PVC electrical conduit elbow

• Light• High strength • Low cost


Mechanical and Air-conditioning System

• Mechanical Fan• Air Return Diffuser• Air Supply Diffuser• Air Door• AHU Room• Cooling Tower• Ventilation Ducting System

Mechanical Fan

CEILING FAN or WALL MOUNTING FAN Circulate air within a space Reducing the perceived temperature by method of

evaporation of perspiration on the skin of the occupants.


Ventilation Conducting System

FLEXIBLE DUCTWORKS Insulated with fiberglass to avoid losing valuable

conditioned air Enhance thermal performance and prevent

condensation and dripping

PKNS COMPLEXMechanical and Air-conditioning System

Cooling Tower

Specialized heat exchanger Located on the roof of PKNS building WHY ? Noise and vibration they generate, the tower

should be isolated acoustically from the frame of the building and noise sensitive areas


AHU Room

Located in a large mechanical room AHU connects to the ductwork that distributes the

conditioned air throughout the areas of the building Warmed air is returned to the AHU room to be cooled after

going through the cooling coil and filter


Air Door

Installed air doors at every entrance or customer entryways

Help keep flying insects out by creating forceful turbulence

Help keep out outside air and prevent loss of cool air, thus reducing infiltration through the opening


Air Supply Diffuser

CONE DIFFUSER Mounted on the

ceiling Cones can be taken

out by pushing inward, turn around and pull down

4 - WAYS LOUVER BLADED DIFFUSER

Mounted on the ceiling

Provide excellent diffusion performance


Air Return Diffuser

Attached to the wall as well as mounted on the ceiling

Connects to ductwork that allows air to return to any cooling or heating system

The openings that connect to ducts and other spaces for the returning air are covered with grillwork.


Vertical Transport System

• Escalator• Elevator

ESCALATOR

Located at the center of ground floor and second floor Double bank in two travel direction Used in the objects in which persons travel in two opposite

direction Normally use in major department stores where transportation

time between several levels should be kept to a minimum


ELEVATOR

Three fire fighter lift and three electric lifts The elevators can support up to 800kg, 11 people can go in at

one time The speed of these elevators is between 100-150 feet per minute

Fire Lift and Electirc Lift Fire Lift and

Electirc Lift


ELEVATOR

Call Buttons are used to request an elevator Hall lanterns or position indicators are used to indicate the

arriving elevator and the direction it will travel Audible signals sound once for elevators going up and

sound twice for elevators going down

Hall Lantern

Hall Lantern


ELEVATOR

Equipped with lighting and ventilation fan Floor Selection Buttons are used to select floors that the

elevator will stop at Operation and Emergency Buttons are offset below the floor

selection buttons. These buttons include door open, door close, emergency stop and emergency alarm. All these button panels are clear and easily reached at appropriate level


Analysis on System Problems>>>>>>>>>

Problems on Fire

Protection System

1.Fire Alarm System• Most of the fire alarm trigger

system are not functioning

Problems on Fire Protection System

Only a few of the old alarm were replaced by new ones.

• lacking of visible indicator alarm signal which one of the requirement stated in UBBL 241.

• To notify deaf people during a fire

Fire alarm within the building

visible indicator alarm signal that the building should have


2. Voice communication System

Telephone for users to contact the

control centre looks very dirty and

faulty.

There is no key to access the telephone in it.


The command and control centre which is closed and looked abandoned

• violates the requirement of UBBL 239 part 3 - voice communication system is required in every office area exceeding 92.9m2

• violates the requirement of UBBL 238 - not having a command and control system in such a big building.


3. Fire Extinguisher• Fire extinguishers can found at almost

every corner of the building especially at fre hazards area.

• However, most of them are left unsecured while some of them are hard to excess.


Glass is broken

fire extinguishers that are not

kept properly but instead it

is just left unsecured.

No access key.


4. Sprinkler System• Very poorly maintained.• Almost every visible sprinkler is

covered with a thick layer of dust.• Could result in a false alarm to

trigger.


• Moreover, there are even some sprinkles then are badly corroded.

• This will impact the functionality of the system and also result in leakage.

Corroded Sprinklers


5. Firemen Lift• There are no signs indicating which

is the firemen lift.• All the lifts including the firemen lift

have very small capacity.• Very inconvenient for firemen to use

during a fire.


No signs indicating which is the firemen

lift.

Lift with small capacity


6. Escape Route• diffusers of the staircase

pressurization system are covered with a very layer of dust.

• The stairs will not be pressurised the way it should.

• Smoke can enter the escape route.• Besides, few of the lockset of fire

doors which leads to the escape route is broken.


Diffusers covered with a lot of dust

Fire doors with broken locksetProblems on Fire Protection System

Problems on Mechanical

and Air-conditioning

System

COOLING TOWER

Water Leakage

Problems on Mechanical and Air-conditioning System

Water flows to the electrical cabling nearby


Cooling tower located at the top floor in the middle of the building is not functioning.

Fans are used on the entire ground floor level.


Big fans are used in

shoppinng complex


AHU DOOR

Gap between the door


DUCTING

Ducting expose


Suggestion on ImprovingSystems>>>>>>>>>

Fire Protection

System

1. Fire Alarm SystemEmployees have to stay alert if there is any broken system

to prevent it from not functioning during an event of fire which will cause loss of lives within the complex

Recommendation on Fire Protection System

The volume of the siren may be increased when the fire alarm system is activated

the occupants can clearly hear the directions that are being given


Some frequent maintenance should also be carried out

such as battery changing and cleaning it to make it free from dust


Decrease the distance between alarms

it would take a long time for the occupants to hear the fire alarm which the valuable escape time would be lost because of this.


Quantity of fire alarm system within the complex may also be increased.

if some fire alarms are broken down, at least there are a few more still can carry out its function in the case of emergency.


2. Voice Communication System

Can be improved by frequent testing and maintenance

to ensure it can be functioned


Prepare more spare keys which can access the telephones for users to contact the control centre

as the size of key is usually small which could be lost easily.


Telephone should also be cleaned frequently so that it would not be covered with dust or unwanted rubbish

which may hiding them away or mixing them with other items and lead to the confusion for people in the complex in the case of emergency.


Ensure that the connection line of control centre is still working

because it could assist to contact fire fighters during emergencies


The command and control centre should be reopened

To receive information from the occupants when there is an event of fire for them to contact the fire fighters immediately without delaying the time.


3. Fire Extinguisher

Test the extinguisher during annual fire protection inspections

ensure that it can be functioned because the extinguisher would have easily been knocked and damaged.


All the employees should have training lesson on how to use the fire extinguisher correctly

so they can use it to prevent the spread of fire


Ensure that the fire extinguishers are always in place with accessible keys beside

it may only take a few seconds to remove the blockage on the extinguisher, but every second is vital in the event of a fire


The date of issue in their label of the extinguisher should be checked frequently

If they are out of date, they are useless and the employees need to replace them


Check fire extinguishers’ hose

If there are any signs of breakage, holes or cracks, the extinguisher must be replaced


4. Sprinkler System

Increase the water volume that can be spread out from the sprinkler

stop the fire in a short time


Sprinklers should be cleaned frequently

dust will block the sprinkler head


Old rusted sprinkler should be replaced to a new one

when the sprinkler is rusted, this can interfere with the valves or even stop them breaking altogether.


Frequent checking of the condition of the piping system of sprinkler should also be carried out

as closed sprinkler valve is the most common cause of failure in a sprinkler system


Sensitivity of sprinkler should be tested and maintenance is required for broken sprinkler.

checked weekly to ensure they are open, and a full flow test should be conducted at least yearly.


5. Fireman LiftShould be identified by placing a sign stated ‘FIREMAN LIFT’

because the obfuscating signage in any way will make this more difficult for people who are not familiar with the layout of the building


Size of the fireman lift should be enlarged

more fire fighters can be sent to upper floor to control the fire spread the save the occupants who are trapped in the fire.


Velocity of the lift should be slightly increased

reduce the time taken for fire fighters to stop the spread of fire on the upper floor.


Make sure installation and maintenance are carried out properly

the maintenance of fireman life should be done frequently to prevent it from not functioning


Fire resistance coating can also be applied for internal and external wall surface of the lift

form a barrier to stop the spread of fire


6. Escape RouteProvide the diagrams to show the route to escape

well displayed signs can quickly guide everyone to safety.


Diffusers should be cleaned weekly by the cleaner

residues inside diffuser combined with heat can cause serious life-threatening fires.


Change the fire door lockset if it is broken

it could lead to very dangerous situation if people are trying to the fire door in a panic


Do monthly check up of the condition of the fire door.

If there is a hole or crack on the fire resistant door, the door is considered as useless because smoke will be able to come through the cracks and the fire will continue to spread to other places


Ensure that the fire door is accessible

so that when people are trying to escape from the complex, they do not need to interfere with any equipment, tools or objects that could cause them further harm.


Mechanical and Air-

conditioning System

Water leak from cooling tower

• Blocked or clog pipe

*For illustration purpose only

Recommendation on Mechanical and Air-Conditioning System

Recommendation……


Mechanical fan


Round Cone Diffuser


AHU Door


Exposed ducting


THANK YOU

building service group assignment

Education