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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN

Centre for Architecture Studies in Southeast Asia (MASSA)

Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture

BUILDING SCIENCE II (ARC 3413 / BLD 61303)

PROJECT 2: Integration Project

Name: Tan Sheau Hui

Student ID: 0319235

Tutor: Ar Edwin Chan

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TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 Introduction 3

2.0 Site Analysis 4

3.0 Overall Floor Plans 6

4.0 Space A Analysis – Multipurpose Area 9

5.0 Space B Analysis – Staff Office 15

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Project: Jalan TAR Infill Community Library

Project location: 3.1536° N, 101.6964° E

Area: 1300 m2

This integration project is carried out with Design Studio V project of an urban infill community

library placed in Jalan TAR. It sits in between a (Coliseum Café) 2 storey shophouse and (Wisma

Harmant) a high rise office building.

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2.0 SITE ANALYSIS

Due to the site location in between two existing blocks, openings are designed mostly on the front and

back façade, which face the South east and Northwest respectively.

Front façade facing the east sun is treated with louvres shades fixed on glass panels to reduce glare

but still maintaining the penetration of sunlight for the interior spaces.

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To allow more lights into the narrow building, southwest elevation are also placed with several

windows. This is when the building reaches the second floor, where it is above the roof level of the

neighbouring shop lot.

Diagram indicates the 2 spaces chosen.

Multi purpose area is analysed on the daylight because of its maximum sunlight received

while staff office is analysed on its artificial lighting because of the minimum sunlight

received.

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3.0

OVERALL

FLOOR

PLANS

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8

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4.0 SPACE A ANALYSIS

Chosen Space: Multi purpose area

The multi purpose area is located at the second floor of the library. It is a space that serve

several purposes, which is used as reading area on the common days and as a space for events

or talk show occasionally.

This east oriented space receive sufficient daylight, with light shelves controlling the glare.

Artificial lightings are applied to better control the lighting experiences throughout the day.

Daylighting Analysis

𝐷𝐹 =𝑊

𝐴×

𝑇𝜃

1 − 𝑅

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Determine total surface area

A= (2 × 28) + (2 × 28.7) + (2 × 16.4)

A= 146.2 m2

T= 0.6

R= 0.5

𝜃= 45o

Determine DF

𝐷𝐹 =9

146.2×0.6(45)

1 − 0.5

DF = 3.32%

Determine Internal Illuminance

𝐸𝑖

20000× 100% = 3.32%

Ei = 664 lux

Light Contour

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The standard lux level for a multi purpose area is required to be at 500 lux as stated in

MS1525. However, the daylight analysis result is identified as 664 lux, slightly higher than

the requirement. Hence, glare control need to be applied.

The daylight factor is identified as 3.32%, which falls under the category of good daylight

distribution.

Artificial Lighting Analysis

Type of Fixture Track Lighting

Type of Light Bulb

Head Type Pendant

Material of Fixture Satin Nickel

Light Bulb Type Included Integrated LED

Light Output 2640 lumen

Wattage Range (W) 100

Colour Rendering Index 80

Colour Temperature, K 3000

Colour Designation Warm white

Connection Type Hardwired

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Room dimension L = 8.3m , W = 6.5m

Total floor area 53.95 m2

Ceiling Height 4 m

Height of luminaires 4 m

Height of working plane 1 m

Mounting height (Hm) 4 – 1 = 3m

Standard Illumination required

according to MS1525

500 lux

Reflectance factor Ceiling (white plastered ceiling) = 0.7

Wall (white painted wall) = 0.5

Working plane (hardwood) = 0.1

Room Index (K) 𝑅𝐼 =

𝐿 ×𝑊

𝐻𝑚 × (𝐿 +𝑊)

RI = (8.3 × 6.5) ÷ [3 × (8.3 + 6.5)]

RI = 0.5

Utilization factor, UF 0.5

Maintenance factor, MF 0.8 (standard)

Number of fittings required, N 𝑁 =

𝐸 × 𝐴

𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 ×𝑀𝐹

N = (500 × 54) ÷ (2640 × 0.5 × 0.8)

N = 25.6

Hence, N = 26

Spacing to height ratio, SHR

𝑆𝐻𝑅 =1

𝐻𝑚×√

𝐴

𝑁× 𝐻𝑚

𝑆𝐻𝑅 =1

3× √

54

25× 3

SHR = 1.47m

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Fitting Layout

(minimum spacing required)

Fitting required along 8.3m wall,

8.3/1.47 = 5.6 ~ 6 rows

Number of lamps in each row,

26/6 = 4.3 ~ 5 lamps

Spacing required for 8.3m wall,

8.3/6 = 1.38m

Spacing required for 6.5m wall,

6.5/5 = 1.3m

Lighting Fittings Spacing Diagram

Due to the function of the space serving for talk show occasionally, the lighting are arranged

based on rows of seats and staircase. Row 1 to 4 are placed above seatings, row 5 & 6 are for

the front stage while A, B & C are to lit up the way for visitors and staff.

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DAY AND NIGHT

During the day where the weather is fine, lighting are switched off as the area receive

sufficient daylight.

During the night or when weather is poor, lighting are switched on by row according to the

needs.

Light Contour

Diagram shows when all lights are turned on in the area. It is evenly lit up for excellent

experience for activities.

Diagram shows when only the lights at the stairs and front stage are turned on for

presentation.

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5.0 SPACE B ANALYSIS

Chosen space: Staff office

The staff office is located at the fourth or top floor of the library. It is an enclosed working

room for the staffs of the library.

The space receives minimal daylight, with casement windows placed close to the working

area. Artificial lightings are applied to enhance the staff experience working on computers

throughout the day.

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Artificial Lighting Analysis

Type of Fixture Flush Mount Ceiling Light

Type of Light Bulb

Material of Fixture Aluminium

Light Bulb Type Included Integrated LED

Light Output 4000 lumen (50,000 hour average life)

Wattage Range (W) 64

Colour Rendering Index 82

Colour Temperature, K 4000

Colour Designation Bright white

Room dimension L = 7m , W = 4.1m

Total floor area 28.7 m2

Ceiling Height 4 m

Height of luminaires 4 m

Height of working plane 1 m

Mounting height (Hm) 4 – 1 = 3m

Standard Illumination required

according to MS1525

300 lux

Reflectance factor Ceiling (white plastered ceiling) = 0.7

Wall (white painted wall) = 0.5

Working plane (hardwood) = 0.1

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Room Index (K) 𝑅𝐼 =

𝐿 ×𝑊

𝐻𝑚 × (𝐿 +𝑊)

RI = (7 × 4.1) ÷ (3 × 7 + 4.1)

RI = 0.86

Utilization factor, UF 0.45

Maintenance factor, MF 0.8 (standard)

Number of fittings required, N 𝑁 =

𝐸 × 𝐴

𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 ×𝑀𝐹

N = (300 × 29) ÷ (4000 × 0.45 × 0.8)

N = 6.04

Hence, N = 7

Spacing to height ratio, SHR

𝑆𝐻𝑅 =1

𝐻𝑚×√

𝐴

𝑁× 𝐻𝑚

𝑆𝐻𝑅 =1

3× √

29

7× 3

SHR = 2.04m

Fitting Layout

(minimum spacing required)

Fitting required along 4.1m wall,

4.1/2.04 = 2 ~ 2 rows

Number of lamps in each row,

7/2 = 3.5 ~ 4 lamps

Spacing required for 7m wall,

7/4 = 1.75m

Spacing required for 4.1m wall,

4.1/4 = 1.03m

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Lighting Fitting Spacing Diagram

The number of lighting required from the calculation is suggested to be 7 units. A 3 x 3 grid

arrangement is designed for the staff office.

DAY AND NIGHT

During the day, due to the fair amount of daylight received, the lighting are required to be

switched on. When weather is good, the working area receive enough daylight. Only row 2

need to be switched on.

During the night, all of the lighting needed to be switched on to achieve a good working

experience.

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Light Contour

Analysis shows that on a normal day, staff office receive minimal daylight, with an average

number of 250 lux only.

Only worktable obtains daylight for a certain of hours.

However, MS1525 standard requires a general office to be at least 300 lux. Hence, artificial

lighting is implemented throughout the day.

After the proper lighting is arranged, the office is evenly lit up when all lights are turned on.

For certain time of the day when daylight is received on worktable, only row 2 is switched

on. Diagram shows the light contour of the time.