building meerkat, a very small catboat
DESCRIPTION
I decided that I needed a boat that I could throw in the back of my pickup, launch easily, rig fast and sail with two adults. None of the currently available designs appealed to me, so I designed my own boat, Meerkat, built it in two months, and won the first regatta I entered.TRANSCRIPT
Building Meerkat, a very small catboat
by John MacBeath Watkins
Rather than wanting a bigger boat, I find I keep wanting a smaller one.
I had a 30-foot keelboat, a Yankee One-Design,
which was great. But wouldn't it cost less and make
life simpler if I had a smaller one?
I restored a 50-year-old Snipe, but it was too
heavy for me, with my bad back, to pull up on the
dinghy dock by myself, and it would only hold two
people, so I had to have exactly two people every time
I went sailing.
I designed and built a sharpie, Black Swan,
using the Snipe rig. She was light enough for me to
pull on the dinghy dock and roomy enough for three
people, and was very pleased with this boat as long as I
kept it on a dinghy dock. Then I moved to Vashon
Island, where it cost more than $100 to get on the ferry
while towing a boat on a trailer. And the rather complex Snipe racing rig took a while to set up on
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launching.
Clearly, I needed a boat that I could fit in the back of my 1997 Nissan truck and under its
canopy, pull out and plop in the water, and still take a friend out on.
I'd been teaching myself to use some yacht design software, Delftship, when I ran across an ad
on Craig's List for a $200 El Toro. The 8-foot bullship seemed to fit the bill, except that if I took a
friend, they'd need to be small, and the daggerboard and rudder would snub when coming into a beach,
and if I needed to tow the boat behind another vessel, water would shoot up the daggerboard case and
the El Toro would stubbornly refuse to exceed its hull speed of about four knots.
I bought it anyway, for the rig, then designed a boat of about the same beam and a little more
length that could readily accommodate two adults, row well and tow well and exceed hull speed rather
than sail under in the comical fashion I'd seen back when I raced El Toros in strong winds.
The El Toro rig is a cat rig, so I designed a catboat. But most catboats are based on the Cape
Cod catboats perfected by the Crosby family. If the boat were to have the displacement to carry two
people and be narrow enough to fit in a truck bed with a canopy, I needed to keep the beam narrow.
There is an older type of catboat, the New York catboat, in lager sizes given a sloop rig. One of
these catboats, the 16-foot Una, wowed the British when she showed up at the Isle of Wight in 1852.
The type, in addition to inspiring the sandbaggers
that raced in the 1860s to about 1880, inspired Cape
Cod catboats, also led to the British centerboard
dinghies, which were revolutionized by Uffa Fox and
became in their turn the basis for most racing
dinghies today.
An example of the type is Comet, designed and
built by Archibald Cary Smith in 1862 and raced
both as a catboat and a sloop. She was pretty much
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designed on the building molds, but John Hyslop took her lines off about 30 years later.
But the boat would have to live out of the water and still not leak, and I'd need to design it for
construction by a method a ten-thumbed wood butcher like myself could do. I chose plywood, and
stitch and glue construction, which should allow me to build the boat in the narrow window of at most
two months in which an outdoor boat builder can count on not too much rain the the Pacific Northwest.
This meant that I would have to find some way to simulate the slack bilges of the New York
catboat in plywood. Here's my solution:
At 9 ½ feet
long, she's about
half the length of
Comet, but has
nearly the same
freeboard, which
I think is about
the right amount
for a boat this
size. Because she
is a catboat, I've given her a barn-door rudder, but put it behind a short, deep skeg so that she's not too
likely to be caught in irons. The faceted midsection, with a narrow, flat bottom, flaring bilges and
straight sides, is very much like that of the first boat I ever owned, a Thai sampoa. This midsection
always struck me as a nice compromise between stability, load carrying, and form resistance, and
yielded a boat that handled well. It was a boat like this:
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I needed scale drawings of the templates for the plywood panels, but the free version of
Delftship does not allow you to print these out. A Canadian on-line friend, Bruce Taylor, had helped
write the code for Deftship, and been given the professional version in return. He printed them out and
sent them to me.
Then, I changed the design. Too embarrassed to ask for the favor a second time, I discovered
that I could download Freeship, the program Delftship was derived from, replicate the design in it, and
print out the panels in 1/12 scale. Vashon Printing & Design scanned them and printed full-sized panels
on their plotter.
I still wasn't out of the woods. I needed bulkheads to put the panels around, to help give the hull
shape. I lofted those from the offsets Delftship provided. Then I glued the sheets to doorskin panels,
thinking I would be able to use a rounter to make a nice, clean cut on my building panels. They proved
too thin for the roller on the router bit to read properly, so I laid the panels over my 4 mm okume
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marine plywood (scarfed to the right length,) roughed them out with a jigsaw, and finished them with a
hand plane.
They looked like this:
And stitched together like this:
It only took about a week to produce the shape of the hull:
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The hull was at this point fairly flexible, and I used a spreader – a 1x1 with some screws in it at the
right places – to hold the right beam, and added the right weights and support to straighten out the hull
before I added the sheer clamps (1x1 rails inside the top of the sides) and the decks enclosing the air
chambers at bow and stern. At that
point, the boat was fairly stiff.
Then I had to design and build
the centerboard case and centerboard.
A boat designed to be launched at a
beach needs a kick-up centerboard so
that you can sail into the beach without
having it stop the boat the way a
daggerboard does. It has to be fitted to
the shape of the bottom, and it needs something with a bit of meat to it to key into. I put a 6' X 6” X ½”
piece of western red ceder in the bottom to key the centerboard case into and provide some strength. It
took longer to do this, cut the slot for the centerboard, build the centerboard case, and build the
centerboard than it did to build the hull.
I used 4 mm Okume for the sides of the centerboard
case and 1x3 pine for the bed logs for the case, with
some ½ inch western red cedar at the top and on the
sides to take the loads of the centerboard pin.
The case is designed to take up as little room as
possible in the boat while providing a nice, long
leading edge to the centerboard, which is key shaped. The fairly high pin allows me to have less of the
centerboard case and its lifting handle ahead of the pin while still having enough board in the case
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provide plenty of structure. The board is ½ inch plywood, plenty strong for the minimal forces that will
be placed on it. I made the front edge rounded, the back of the board tapered, and didn't worry too
much about a perfect foil shape. I figure when I'm sailing, it's at about the angle you see here, held
down with a line through that hole at the top, which I lead to a cleat on the case.
Because Meerkat is much deeper forward than the El Toro my mast came out of, I built the mast
step so that the mast is suspended about 8” above the bottom of
the boat.
The fillets, by the way, are milled fiberglass mixed with
epoxy, which have proven strong enough for my friend Bruce
Smith to go pounding around at 30 knots in his little powerboats. I
didn't like
the idea of
sanding
this mixture, so instead I used fairing
compound to cover them and faired that.
I couldn't get her out of the back yard by
myself, so I enlisted the aid of Joby, the local
postmistress, and took her on the first sail.
Meerkat (the name means sea cat, though
why a creature that is the South African
equivalent to a prairie dog is called that I don't
know) stepped along nicely, though it quickly
became evident that the 45-year old mast was
too flexible and the 45-year-old sail was a horribly blown-out bag.
But no time to worry about that, I'd finished her just in time for the Norm Blanchard WOOD
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regatta. A couple of instrument makers from Dusty Strings helped me carry the boat down to the dock
and launch her. The next morning, after a brief conference with a naval architect about what revisions
we should make to the Coleen Wagner, the Egret replica the Center for Wooden Boats uses for public
sail, I ducked out in time to rig the boat and go racing against a Beetle Cat (which rates faster) and a
Pelican (which rates slower) and in a class where my fleet times were compared to El Toros.
The sail still looked like a bag, but Meerkat proved quick in spite of it, gaining a provisional
rating a bit faster than the better boats in the El Toro class. I won my class, but unfortunately the glue
joint between the two halves of the ancient mast failed in the last race, and my mast split vertically.
Well, I'm now ready with a new mast, my old sail, and a Meerkart for Meerkat so that I don't
have to rely upon the kindness of strangers for help loading or launching the boat. Anyone want to go
sailing?
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