building efficient and reliable software-defined networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfnaga katta...
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![Page 1: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networks
Naga Katta
Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster, Aarti Gupta
1
FPO Talk
![Page 2: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Traditional Networking
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![Page 3: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Traditional Networking
3
• Distributed Network Protocols
![Page 4: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Traditional Networking
4
• Distributed Network Protocols – Reliable routing – Inflexible network control
![Page 5: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Software-Defined Networking
5
Controller
![Page 6: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Software-Defined Networking
6
Controller
![Page 7: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
SDN: A Clean Abstraction
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Controller Application
![Page 8: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SDN Promises
8
Controller Flexibility Efficiency Application
![Page 9: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SDN Meets Reality
9
Controller Flexibility Efficiency
Too slow for routing
Application
![Page 10: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
SDN Meets Reality
10
Controller Flexibility Efficiency
Limited TCAM space
Application
![Page 11: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
SDN Meets Reality
11
Controller Flexibility Efficiency
Reliability
Single point of failure
Application
![Page 12: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
My Research
12
Controller Flexibility Efficiency
Reliability
Application
![Page 13: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Research Contribution
• HULA (SOSR 16) – An efficient non-blocking switch
• CacheFlow (SOSR 16) – A logical switch with infinite policy space
• Ravana (SOSR 15) – Reliable logically centralized controller
13
Efficiency
Flexibility
Reliability
Best Paper
![Page 14: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Research Contribution
• HULA (SOSR 16) – An efficient non-blocking switch
• CacheFlow (SOSR 16) – A logical switch with infinite policy space
• Ravana (SOSR 15) – Reliable logically centralized controller
14
Efficiency
Flexibility
Reliability
Best Paper
![Page 15: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
HULA: Scalable Load Balancing Using Programmable Data Planes
Naga Katta1
Mukesh Hira2, Changhoon Kim3, Anirudh Sivaraman4, Jennifer Rexford1
1.Princeton 2.VMware 3.Barefoot Networks 4.MIT
15
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Load Balancing Today
16
. . . . . . … … …
Servers
Leaf Switches
Spine Switches
Equal Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) – hashing
![Page 17: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Alternatives Proposed
17
Central Controller
HyperV HyperV
Slow reaction time
![Page 18: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Congestion-Aware Fabric
18
Congestion-aware Load Balancing CONGA – Cisco
HyperV HyperV
Designed for 2-tier topologies
![Page 19: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Programmable Dataplanes
19
• Advanced switch architectures (P4 model) – Programmable packet headers – Stateful packet processing
• Applications – In-band Network Telemetry (INT) – HULA load balancer
• Examples – Barefoot RMT, Intel Flexpipe, etc.
![Page 20: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Programmable Switches - Capabilities
20
Memory
M A
m1 a1
Ingress Parser
Memory
M A
m1 a1
Memory
M A
m1 a1
Memory
M A
m1 a1
Egress Deparser Queue Buffer
P4 Program
Compile
![Page 21: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Programmable Switches - Capabilities
21
Memory
M A
m1 a1
Ingress Parser
Memory
M A
m1 a1
Memory
M A
m1 a1
Memory
M A
m1 a1
Egress Deparser Queue Buffer
P4 Program
Compile
Programmable Parsing
![Page 22: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Programmable Switches - Capabilities
22
Memory
M A
m1 a1
Ingress Parser
Memory
M A
m1 a1
Memory
M A
m1 a1
Memory
M A
m1 a1
Egress Deparser Queue Buffer
P4 Program
Compile
Programmable Parsing Stateful
Memory
![Page 23: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Programmable Switches - Capabilities
23
Memory
M A
m1 a1
Ingress Parser
Memory
M A
m1 a1
Memory
M A
m1 a1
Memory
M A
m1 a1
Egress Deparser Queue Buffer
P4 Program
Compile
Programmable Parsing Stateful
Memory
Switch Metadata
![Page 24: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Hop-by-hop Utilization-aware Load-balancing Architecture
1. HULA probes propagate path utilization – Congestion-aware switches
2. Each switch remembers best next hop – Scalable and topology-oblivious
3. Split elephants to mice flows (flowlets) – Fine-grained load balancing
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1. Probes carry path utilization
ToR
Aggregate
Spines
Probe originates
Probe replicates
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![Page 26: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
1. Probes carry path utilization
ToR
Aggregate
Spines
Probe originates
Probe replicates
26
P4 primitives New header format Programmable Parsing Switch metadata
![Page 27: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
1. Probes carry path utilization
S1
S2
S3
S4
ToR 10
ToR ID = 10 Max_util = 50%
ToR 1 Probe
ToR ID = 10 Max_util = 80%
ToR ID = 10 Max_util = 60%
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2. Switch identifies best downstream path
S1
S2
S3
S4
ToR 10
Dst Best hop Path util
ToR 10 S4 50%
ToR 1 S2 10%
… …
ToR 1
Best hop table
Probe
ToR ID = 10 Max_util = 50%
28
![Page 29: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
2. Switch identifies best downstream path
S1
S2
S3
S4
ToR 10
Dst Best hop Path util
ToR 10 S4 S3 50% 40%
ToR 1 S2 10%
… …
ToR 1
Best hop table
Probe
ToR ID = 10 Max_util = 40%
29
![Page 30: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
3. Switches load balance flowlets
S1
S2
S3
S4
ToR 10
Dest Best hop Path util
ToR 10 S4 50%
ToR 1 S2 10%
… …
ToR 1
Best hop table
Data
30
![Page 31: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
3. Switches load balance flowlets
S1
S2
S3
S4
ToR 10
Dest Best hop Path util
ToR 10 S4 50%
ToR 1 S2 10%
… …
Dest Timestamp Next hop
ToR 10 1 S4
… …
… …
ToR 1
Flowlet table
Best hop table
Data
31
Hash flow
![Page 32: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
3. Switches load balance flowlets
S1
S2
S3
S4
ToR 10
Dest Best hop Path util
ToR 10 S4 50%
ToR 1 S2 10%
… …
ToR 1
Flowlet table
Best hop table
Data
P4 primitives RW access to stateful memory Comparison/arithmetic operators
32
Dest Timestamp Next hop
ToR 10 1 S4
… …
… …
![Page 33: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Evaluated Topology
L1
A1 A2
L2
S1 S2
A4
L4
A3
L3
8 servers per leaf
40Gbps
40Gbps
10Gbps
Link Failure
33
![Page 34: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Evaluation Setup
• NS2 packet-level simulator • RPC-based workload generator
– Empirical flow size distributions – Websearch and Datamining
• End-to-end metric – Average Flow Completion Time (FCT)
34
![Page 35: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Compared with
• ECMP – Flow level hashing at each switch
• CONGA’ – CONGA within each leaf-spine pod – ECMP on flowlets for traffic across pods1
35
1. Based on communication with the authors
![Page 36: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
HULA handles high load much better
36
~ 9x improvement
![Page 37: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
HULA keeps queue occupancy low
37
![Page 38: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
HULA is stable on link failure
38
![Page 39: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
HULA: An Efficient Non-Blocking Switch
• Scalable to large topologies • Adaptive to network congestion • Reliable in the face of failures • Bonus: Programmable in P4!
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Research Contribution
• HULA (SOSR 16) – One big efficient non-blocking switch
• CacheFlow (SOSR 16) – A logical switch with infinite policy space
• Ravana (SOSR 15) – Reliable logically centralized controller
40
Efficiency
Flexibility
Reliability
Best Paper
![Page 41: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
2. CacheFlow: Dependency-Aware Rule-Caching for Software-Defined Networks
Naga Katta Omid Alipourfard, Jennifer Rexford, David Walker
Princeton University
Flexibility
![Page 42: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
SDN Promises Flexible Policies
42
Controller
Switch
TCAM
Lot of fine-grained rules
![Page 43: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
SDN Promises Flexible Policies
43
Controller
Limited rule space!
Lot of fine-grained rules What now?
![Page 44: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
State of the Art
44
Hardware Switch Software Switch Rule Capacity Low (~2K-4K) High Lookup Throughput High (>400Gbps) Low (~40Gbps) Port Density High Low Cost Expensive Relatively cheap
![Page 45: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
• High throughput + high rule space
TCAM as cache
45
CacheFlow
TCAM
Controller
S2 S1
<5% rules cached
![Page 46: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Caching Ternary Rules
46
Rule Match Action Priority Traffic
R1 11* Fwd 1 3 10
R2 1*0 Fwd 2 2 60
R3 10* Fwd 3 1 30
• Greedy strategy breaks rule-table semantics
Partial Overlaps!
![Page 47: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
• For a given rule R • Find all the rules that its packets may hit if R is removed
47
R R1 R2 R3 R4
R’ ∧ R3 != φ
The dependency graph
![Page 48: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Splice Dependents for Efficiency
48
Dependent-Set Cover-Set
Rule Space Cost
![Page 49: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
• A switch with logically infinite policy space
Ø Dependency analysis for correctness Ø Splicing dependency chains for Efficiency Ø Transparent design
CacheFlow: Enforcing Flexible Policies
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Research Contribution
• HULA (SOSR 16) – One big efficient non-blocking switch
• CacheFlow (SOSR 16) – A logical switch with infinite policy space
• Ravana (SOSR 15) – Reliable logically centralized controller
50
Efficiency
Flexibility
Reliability
Best Paper
![Page 51: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
3. Ravana: Controller Fault-Tolerance in Software-Defined Networking
Naga Katta
Haoyu Zhang, Michael Freedman, Jennifer Rexford
51
Reliability
![Page 52: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
SDN controller: single point of failure
Failure leads to - Service disruption - Incorrect network behavior
S1 S2 S3
Application Controller
End-host pkt
event cmd
pkt pkt
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![Page 53: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Replicate Controller State?
S1
S2
S3
Master Slave
h1 h2
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![Page 54: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
State External to Controllers: Events
S1
S2
S3
Master Slave
h1 h2
• During master failover… • Linkdown event is generated à event loss!
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![Page 55: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
State External to Controllers: Commands
S1
S2
S3
Master Slave
h1
• Master crashes while sending commands… • New master will process and send commands again
à repeated commands!
cmd 1
cmd 2
cmd 1
cmd 2
cmd 3
Master
h2
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![Page 56: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Ravana: A Fault-Tolerant Control Protocol
• Goal: Ordered Event Transactions – Exactly-once events – Totally ordered events – Exactly once commands
• Two stage replication protocol – Enhances RSM – Acknowledgements, Retransmission, Filtering
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![Page 57: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Exactly Once Event Processing
S1 S2
Application Master
End-host
Application Slave
runtime runtime
event log e1
4
6 6
e1p
7
c1 c2
57
1
2
3 5 5
![Page 58: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Conclusion
• Reliable control plane
• Efficient runtime
• Transparent programming abstraction
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![Page 59: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Research Contribution
• HULA (SOSR 16) – One big efficient non-blocking switch
• CacheFlow (SOSR 16) – A logical switch with infinite policy space
• Ravana (SOSR 15) – Reliable logically centralized controller
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Efficiency
Flexibility
Reliability
Best Paper
![Page 60: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Other Work
• Flog: Logic Programming for Controllers – XLDI 2012
• Incremental Consistent Updates – HotSDN 2014
• In-band Network Telemetry – SIGCOMM Demo 2015
• Edge-Based Load-Balancing – To appear in HotNets 2016
60
Control plane
Middle layer
Data plane
Data plane
![Page 61: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Thesis: Summary
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![Page 62: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Thesis: Summary
62
HULA: an efficient non-blocking
switch
Efficiency
![Page 63: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Thesis: Summary
63
CacheFlow: logically infinite
memory
Flexibility
![Page 64: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Controller
Thesis: Summary
64
Controller Controller Controller
Ravana: logically centralized controller Reliability
![Page 65: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Controller
A Desirable SDN
65
Controller Controller Controller Application
Efficiency
Reliability
Flexibility
Simple programming
abstraction
![Page 66: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Thank You!
66
![Page 67: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Backup slides
![Page 68: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Transport Layer (MPTCP)
68
Leaf Switch
HyperV
APP
OS
Socket
Multipath TCP
TCP1 TCP2 TCPn
Guest VM Changes
![Page 69: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
HULA: Scalable, Adaptable, Programmable
69
LB Scheme
Congestion aware
Application agnostic
Dataplane timescale
Scalable Programmable dataplanes
ECMP
SWAN, B4 MPTCP
CONGA
HULA
![Page 70: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Dependency Chains – Clear Gain
70
• CAIDA packet trace 3% rules 85% traffic
![Page 71: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Incremental update is more stable
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![Page 72: Building Efficient and Reliable Software-Defined Networksjrex/thesis/naga-katta-talk.pdfNaga Katta Jennifer Rexford (Advisor) Readers: Mike Freedman, David Walker Examiners: Nick Feamster,](https://reader033.vdocuments.mx/reader033/viewer/2022042012/5e72d60ac90545741e31d160/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
What causes the overhead?
• Factor analysis: overhead for each component 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80 Th
roug
hput
(K re
spon
ses
/ sec
)
Ryu Weakest +Reliable Event +Total Ordering +Exactly-Once Cmd
8.4% 7.8%
5.3% 9.7%
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Ravana Throughput Overhead
• Measured with cbench test suite • Event-processing throughput: 31.4% overhead
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Controller Failover Time
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
40 60 80 100
CD
F
Failover Time (ms)
Failure Detection Role Req Proc Old Events
0ms 40ms 50ms 75ms
74