BUILDING

COMMUNITY

TOGETHER

Current Environmental Challenges in Hanoi

Presented by Douglas Snyder

General Director, Keep Hanoi Clean

Growth

Land

Air

Water

KHC

Hanoi Is Growing

7.7 million people, at 2% per year

8.5% annual GDP growth (more than country at 6.5%+ on average)

An Expanding Middle Class

GNI per capita

• 1990 – $130

• 2000 - $410

• 2010 - $1,250

• 2017 - $2,170

Growth

Land

Air

Water

KHC

Green Space is Only 2sqm/person 1/10th that of Other Major Cities

A Transition From Sustainable Packaging to Plastic

Littering is CommonFrom -

• Motorbikes

• Cars

• Shops

• Markets

• Trucks

• Home Windows

“Balayeur de Rue” to the Rescue?

Improperly Disposed Waste Has Varied and Serious Impacts

Government Has Goals, But Challenges Continue

• Recycle, burn for energy, or turn into fertilizer, 85% of waste by 2025

BUT…

• Lack of fertilizer conversion facilities

• 80% of VN landfills are unhygienic and leach untreated wastewater

• Recycling plants

• 90% no environmental officer

• 94% no waste water treatment

• 84% no waste gas treatment

Growth

Land

Air

Water

KHC

Vietnam Air Pollution is Harmful• Direct affects - asthma, emphysema, heart disease, cancer

• Indirect affects – particulates settling onto farmland and water

• 42,200 early deaths in 2015

• 2017 daily average = 2x worse than national standard and 5x worse than WHO standard

• Days violating national standards = 99

• Days violating WHO standards = 257

• Average AQI = 103

Causes Are Diverse, With Some Specific Drivers

1. Seasons

2. Coal fired power plants (20 around Hanoi - especially Quang Ninh)

3. Industrial emissions

4. Personal vehicles (5.5 million)

5. Construction

6. Rice chaff and stalks

7. Trash

8. Coal and charcoal burning for kitchen hearths (being phased out)

9. Prayer offerings

10. Cigarettes

Get an App, a Filter, and a Good Mask

Vietnam Government Has A Plan

June 2016, “National Action Plan for Air Quality Management Until 2020”

70 more air quality monitoring stations

64 more coal plants approved but considering wind/solar

Growth

Land

Air

Water

KHC

Hanoi Is Experiencing Some Serious Water Woes

• Ho Tay 2017 - 200 tons of fish

Eutrophication + Sewage + Phosphates from Detergents plankton blooms oxygen depletion

• Hoan Kiem and Nui Coc reservoir- Cyanobacteria, cyanotoxins

(HABs Harmful Algal Blooms)

GoV Has Several Remediation Efforts For Lakes

• Floating vegetated islands

• Flocculants

• Beneficial microorganisms

• Water exchanges, fountains, aeration pipes

An Old Complex Drainage System

1) Stormwater 2) household greywater 3) septic tank overflow

streams and canals

112 lakes

To Lich, Kim Nguu, Set, Lu, Nhue, and Red Rivers

Ocean

Over 80% of Hanoi Households Use Groundwater for Tap Water

• Ammonia at 6 to 18 times the maximum allowable

• Arsenic at 2 to 3 times the maximum allowable

• Widespread contamination including E. coli bacteria

GoV Has Ambitious Goals

• Provide 90% of the urban population with access to safe drinking water

• Collect and treat 100% of the urban wastewater by 2020

GoV Plans to Improve Both Water Supply and Treatment

• Use water from the Da, Red, and Duong Rivers

• Yen So treatment plant – 1/2 of Hanoi’s waste water

• Eight additional wastewater treatment plants

For Hanoi To Be Classed As A Green And Clean City By 2030, It Must -1. Expand its green spaces

2. Reform and modernize its solid waste collection and treatment processes

3. Reduce air pollution from all sources

4. Remediate and protect its lakes, rivers and canals

5. Continue on the path of fully remediating its municipal wastewater releases

Growth

Land

Air

Water

KHC

KHC Aims to Help Via 7 Pathways1. Clean Land Program

2. Clean Air Program

3. Clean Waters Program

4. Education

5. Eco-products

6. Sustainable F&B

7. CSR Consulting

Thank You!

Photo CreditsBanana leaf wrap –https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Fermented_pork_wrapped_in_leaves.jpg

Hanoi Aerial -https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjvre7ajOXeAhVHzLwKHXiDC8YQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fnamho%2F3522022495&psig=AOvVaw3uZSXvLQCsS0Emx14CJkoU&ust=1542875900038494

Family motorbike - https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6088/6161289029_27d574cd16_b.jpg

Street Sweeper https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Street_cleaner%2C_Hanoi%2C_Vietnam.jpg

Mosquito https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwi2ovK5ouXeAhUKXbwKHWTUCq0QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpixabay.com%2Fen%2Fmosquito-female-aedes-albopictus-1332382%2F&psig=AOvVaw12ZJRG0zjqi4YUecNvZWic&ust=1542882239592890

Cows https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Jaipur_cows_eating_trash.JPG

Beach Mui Ne https://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/travel/157491/binh-thuan-authorities-take-action-following-russian-tourist-s-complaint-about-polluted-beach.html

HEPA https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1938/4351/products/Quest_H5_Hepa_Filter_-_4031864_1024x1024_2x_0bbb3f3f-a05a-4e03-a3ff-f40ed38ab72b_530x@2x.jpg?v=1497371068

AQI chart http://www.sparetheair.com/assets/aqi/PM2017.png

Totobobo https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/71qtM7U-NGL._SX466_.jpg

To Lich River http://img.cdn2.vietnamnet.vn/Images/english/2015/09/23/09/20150923095401-envir-tolich.jpg

Tap water https://www.opencollege.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/how-safe-is-our-tap-water-to-drink-e1472590593214-855x599.jpg

Yen So Sewage Plant https://www.coninco.com.vn/sites/default/files/417_nha_may_xu_ly_nuoc_yen_so.jpg

Dead fish Ho Tay https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/OlsYFVv09ctmCj0VmlKAGbT_tG3jEgA2Ug7yZbi8hGMIAPgnKbJ25jP0bXS70Nr91XAt9luRdEGW6zFkCh8Rk6Q=s750

Vegetated island https://cdn.telanganatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/neknampur-lake-750x375.jpg

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjvre7ajOXeAhVHzLwKHXiDC8YQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/namho/3522022495&psig=AOvVaw3uZSXvLQCsS0Emx14CJkoU&ust=1542875900038494https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6088/6161289029_27d574cd16_b.jpghttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Street_cleaner,_Hanoi,_Vietnam.jpghttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Jaipur_cows_eating_trash.JPGhttps://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/travel/157491/binh-thuan-authorities-take-action-following-russian-tourist-s-complaint-about-polluted-beach.htmlhttps://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1938/4351/products/Quest_H5_Hepa_Filter_-_4031864_1024x1024_2x_0bbb3f3f-a05a-4e03-a3ff-f40ed38ab72b_530x@2x.jpg?v=1497371068http://www.sparetheair.com/assets/aqi/PM2017.pnghttps://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/71qtM7U-NGL._SX466_.jpghttp://img.cdn2.vietnamnet.vn/Images/english/2015/09/23/09/20150923095401-envir-tolich.jpghttps://www.opencollege.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/how-safe-is-our-tap-water-to-drink-e1472590593214-855x599.jpghttps://www.coninco.com.vn/sites/default/files/417_nha_may_xu_ly_nuoc_yen_so.jpghttps://lh3.googleusercontent.com/OlsYFVv09ctmCj0VmlKAGbT_tG3jEgA2Ug7yZbi8hGMIAPgnKbJ25jP0bXS70Nr91XAt9luRdEGW6zFkCh8Rk6Q=s750https://cdn.telanganatoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/neknampur-lake-750x375.jpg

ReferencesNguyen, N., (2017, Aug 27). Trash talk: Vietnam slowly sinking under mountains of waste. VNExpress International. Retrieved from https://e.vnexpress.net/projects/vietnam-slowly-sinking-under-mountains-of-waste-3633166/index.html

Geyer, R., Jambeck, J., Law, K. (2017, July 19). Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Retrieved from http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700782

Vi Vu (Sep 2017). Hanoi air is unsafe most of the time, coal plants blamed. VNExpress International. Retrieved from https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/hanoi-air-is-unsafe-most-of-the-time-coal-plants-blamed-3638973.html

Nguyen, T.A.T., Blume, L. (2017) Air Quality Report: Air quality in Vietnam 2017. Green Innovation and Development Centre. Retrieved from http://en.greenidvietnam.org.vn/view-document/5af836ca5cd7e87c49ee7e52

Ocean Conservancy (2017). Stemming the Tide: Land-based strategies for a plastic-free ocean. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/hannahleung/2018/04/21/five-asian-countries-dump-more-plastic-than-anyone-else-combined-how-you-can-help/#5fd90b401234

http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/vietnam

https://www.pwc.com/vn/en/publications/2017/spotlight-on-vietnam.pdf

http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=512&idmid=5&ItemID=14277

http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700782https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/hanoi-air-is-unsafe-most-of-the-time-coal-plants-blamed-3638973.htmlhttp://en.greenidvietnam.org.vn/view-document/5af836ca5cd7e87c49ee7e52https://www.forbes.com/sites/hannahleung/2018/04/21/five-asian-countries-dump-more-plastic-than-anyone-else-combined-how-you-can-help/#5fd90b401234http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/vietnamhttps://www.pwc.com/vn/en/publications/2017/spotlight-on-vietnam.pdfhttp://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=512&idmid=5&ItemID=14277

GoV Has Been Mostly Focused on Non-Environment Infrastructure

Community Development Fund

Financial mechanism that promotes community driven approach in addressing urban poverty and pro-poor urban development planning & management in partnership with government agencies & stakeholders.

Implementation in Vietnam- Community Development Fund (CDF)

- Urban art hacks: open public space for everyone

1. Urban Playgrounds

2. Garbage to Garden

3. Art for better spaces

Urban playgrounds