building codes arch 3011 design studio 1 prof. sargent architecture southern polytechnic state...
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Building CODESArch 3011 Design Studio 1
Prof. Sargent Architecture Southern Polytechnic State University
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The three essential codes: International Building Code (construction) Life Safety Code (fire)
ADA (accessibility)
Why we have codes
Who is responsible for implementing codes
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International Building Code
Construction
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Key Concept:
Classification by occupancy
There are ten distinct occupancy classifications, each posing a unique set of challenges, each having a unique set of requirements.
The human factor
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Occupancy Classification Based on Risks •Assembly raises the risk of panic
•Educational raises the risk of children being easily confused in the face of danger
•Institutional raises the risk of hospital patients not being able to exit the building without assistance
Theatre is classified as “Assembly” A-1
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The code defines each occupancy
A space for the gathering of 100 or more people shall be considered as Assembly Occupancy
A building with 150 people is not automatically classified as “Assembly”. The key is whether they are congregated in a single space
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Key Concept:
Classification by construction types
There are five types of construction that offer a range of resistance to fire
High resistivity moderate resistivity No resistivity
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Key Concept:The correlation between these two factors, (occupancy and construction) is the basis for establishing the maximum allowable height and area of a building.
Concrete or exposed steel wood protected steel
may not be allowed
Allowed with size restrictions
Very large
x
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Occupancy classification
Construction classification
High protection low protection
1
8,000
Max. Ht. limit (stories)
Max. area per floor
Building Height & Area Limitations
3
15,000
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A =protective cover B= no protection
Type of construction
Require protection in hours
Assuming one of your design objectives is to express the steel structure, you would want avoid the requirement to protect the structure by covering it. Zero protection allows exposed structural steel frame.
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Enter Occupancy classification
How you would like to construct
Allowable height and area
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Assembly -A1
Table 503 - Building Ht. and Area Limitations
Type ll protected unprotected
2 stories
8500 sf./ story
Theatre is 20,000 sf. (code limit is too small and therefore not permitted)
Look for exceptions that will increase allowable area
3 stories
15,500
What you want
Limits on what you want
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Table 503 max. floor area limits are increases if building design includes a sprinkler system
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Assembly -A1
Table 503 - Building Ht. and Area Limitations
Type ll protected unprotected
2 stories
8500 sf.
Exceptions that will increase allowable area.
(1) installing a sprinkler system allows the 8500 sf. limit to be increase by an additional 200% for multi-story and 300% for single story
8500 + (200% x 8500) = 25,500 sf. OK with sprinkler system
(2) other exception are generally available
(3) last resort is a structurally independent firewall
3 stories
15,500
What you want
Limits on what you want
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Restroom requirements
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Life Safety Code
Fire
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Life Safety Code NFPA 101
Key Concerns
Egress capacity
Direction of door swing
Step proportions
Number of seats per row
Space between rows
Width of aisle
Fire separation of stage
Egress redundancy
Separation of exits
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Life Safety Code NFPA 101Required number of exit
assembly greater than 300 less than 1000 requires 2 exits
Separation of exits
separate as much as possible. Avoid side by side exits
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Life Safety Code NFPA 101
Main entrance is the main exit
people will exit the way they entered
Door swing
swing in the direction of egress
Knowing where you're going is key to avoiding panic
?
?
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Life Safety Code NFPA 101Auditorium Seating
Spacing from back of seat to back of seat is a minimum of 34 inches – use 36 inches
Assume seats to be 24 inches wide
Maximum number of seats per row served by aisle at both ends is one hundred seats. Rows served by aisle at one end only shall not exceed thirty feet.
Minimum aisle width 48” for aisles with seating on both sides 36” for aisles with seating on one side on only
Risers are required to be seven inches maximum
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Life Safety Code NFPA 101
Proscenium WallLegitimate stage must be separated from seating area by a two hour rate proscenium wall. Proscenium opening shall be protected by a fire curtain. Curtain must close automatically upon detection of fire
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ADA Americans with Disabilities Act
Civil rights legislation that broadens the definition of discrimination to include denial of access due to physical and mental disability
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ADA Building approach:
•Parking standards
•Main entrance accessibility
•A side entrance may be unacceptable
•Changes in grade requires a ramp not steeper than 12:1
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ADA Circulation:
ramps
Door approach
Corridor width
steps
Curb ramps
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ADA Availability of services
X
Restrooms
100% accessibility is not realistic
Most likely wheelchair spaces depend on relationship to lobby grade
Access behind line is not required
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ADA Restrooms accommodations
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Conclusion:Code has a major influence on the design process and the physical outcome of that process therefore, the time to respond to that influence is
as early as possible