budidaya ikan mas (cyprinus carpio) pada kolam air deras

8/18/2019 Budidaya Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) pada kolam air deras

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1

1

2015

Muhammad Wildan Lazuardi

Nim :141411131114

Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan

Universitas Airlangga12/15/2015

BUDIDAYA IKAN MAS ( Cyprinuscarpio) PADA KOLAM AIR DERAS


2/39

2 | P a g e

K a t a P e n g a n t a r

P u j i s y u k u r k e h a d i r a t A l l a h S W T a t a s l i m p a h a n

r a h m a t , k a r u n i a , d a n h i d a y a h N y a , s e h i n g g a p e n y u s u n a n

bu k u Bu d id a ya I k a n Ma s ( C y p r i n u s c a r p i o ) p a d a

K o l a m A i r D e r a s d a p a t t e r s e l e s a i k a n d e n g a n b a i k .

B u k u i n i d i m a k s u d k a n m e m b e r i i l m u d a n i n f o r m a s i

k e p a d a m a s y a r a k a t k h u s u s n y a p e t a n i i k a n t e n t a n g

t e k n o l o g i p e m b u d i d a y a a n i k a n m a s ( C y p r i n u s c a r p i o )

d a l a m k o l a m a i r d e r a s

P e n y u s u n m e n g h a t u r k a n b a n y a k t e r i m a k a s i h

k e p a d a s e m u a y a n g t e l a h m e b e r i k a n b a n t u a n b a i k

m o r i l m a u p u n m a t e r i , k h u s u s n y a t i m p e n g a m p u h

m a t a k u l i a h M a n e j e m e n A k u a k u l t u r Ta w a r. P e n y u s u nm e n y a d a r i b a h w a b u k u B u d i d a y a I k a n M a s ( C y p r i n u s

c a r p i o ) m a s i h j a u h d a r i k e s e m p u r n a a n . M a k a d a r i

s a y a m e n g h a r a p k a n s a r a n d a n k r i t i k a n d a r i p e m b a c a

a g a r d i m a s a m e n d a t a n g b u k u i n i b i s a d i p e r b a i k i

d e n g a n b a i k . A k h i r n y a , s e m o g a b u k u i n i b e r m a n f a a t

S u r a b a y a, 1 5 D e s e m b e r 2 0 1 5

M u h a m m a d Wi l d a n L a z u a r d i( P e n y u s u n )


3/39

3 | P a g e

D a ft a r I s i

K a t a P e n g a n t a r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

B a b 1 : P e n g e n a l a n

1 . 1 S e j a r a h I k a n M a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1 . 2 K l a s i f i k a s i d a n M o r f o l o g . . . . . . 4

1 . 3 S t r a i n I k a n M a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1 . 4 K o l a m A i r D e r a s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

B a b 2 : M e d i a

2 . 1 P e m i l i ha n L o k a s i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 0

2 . 2 K o nt r u k s i K o l a m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3

2 . 3 K u a l it a s A i r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6

2 . 4 D : e b it A r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8

B a b 3 : B u d i d a y a

3 . 1 P e m i l i ha n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9

3 . 2 P e m i j a h a n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1

3 . 3 B e n i h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8

3 . 4 Pa k a n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8

3 . 5 H a m a d a n P e n y ak i t . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5

3 . 6 P a ne n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8D a ft a r P u s t a k a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9


4/39

4 | P a g e

I . P e n g e n a l a n

1 . 1 S e j a r a h I k a n M a s

I k a n m a s m e r u p a k a n j e n i s i k a n k o n s u m s i a i r

t a w a r, b e r b a d a n m e m a n j a n g p i p i h k e s a m p i n g d a n

l u n a k . I k a n m a s s u d a h d i p e l i h a r a s e j a k t a h u n 4 7 5

s e b e l u m m a s e h i d i C i n a . D i I n d o n e s i a i k a n m a s m u l a i

d i p e l i h a r a s e k i t a r t a h u n 1 9 2 0 . I k a n m a s y a n g t e r d a p a t

d i I n d o n e s i a m e r u p a k a n m e r u p a k a n i k a n m a s y a n g

d i b a w a d a r i C i n a , E r o p a , Ta i w a n d a n J e p a n g . I k a n

m a s P u n t e n d a n M a j a l a y a m e r u p a k a n h a s i l s e l e k s i d iI n d o n e s i a

1 . 2 K l a s i f i k a s i d a n M o r f o lo g i

I k a n m a s m e m p u n y a i s i f a t y a n g a d a p t i f t e r h a d a p

l i n g k u n g a n y a n g b a r u , m e n j a d i k a n i k a n m a s d e n g a n

b e r ba ga i s t r a in n ya ba n ya k t e r s e ba r d i s e lu r u h p e n ju r u

d u n i a . J e n i s i k a n m a s i n i m e m p u n y a i s e b u t a n d a l a m

b a ha s a in g gr i s ya it u c o m mo n ca r p . K la s i f ik a s i ik a n

m a s b e r d a s a r k a n i l m u t a k s o n o m i h e w a n ( s i s t e m


5/39

5 | P a g e

p e ng e lo mpo k k a n he wa n be r d as a r k a n b e nt u k t u bu h d a n

s i f a t s i f a t n y a) s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

P h y l l u m : C h o r d a t a

S u b p h y l l u m : Ve t e b r a t a

S u p e r c l l a s : P i s c e s

C l a s s : O s t e i c h t h y e s

S u b c l a s s : A c t i no p t e r y g i i

O r d o : C y p r i n i fo r m e s

S u b o r d o : C y p r i no i d e a

F a m i l y : C y p r i n id a e

S u b f a m i l y : C y p r i n a e

G e n u s : C y p r i n u s

S p e c i e s : C y p r i n u s c a r p i o

C i r i - c i r i m o r f o l o g i a d a l a h y a n g m e n u n j u k k a n

b e nt u k d a n s t r u k t u r su a t u o r g an is me . S eca r a u mu m ,

k a r a k t e r i s t i k i k a n m a s m e m i l i k i b e n t u k t u b u h y a n g

a g a k m e m a n j a n g d a n s e d i k i t m e m i p i h k e s a m p i n g (

c o m p r e s e d ) . S e b a g i a n b e s a r t u b u h i k a n m a s d i t u t u p i


6/39

6 | P a g e

o l e h s i s i k k e c u a l i p a d a b e b e r a p a s t r a i n y a n g m e m i k i

s e d i k i t s i s i k . M o n c o n g n y a t e r d a p a t d i u j u n g t e n g a h (

t e r m i n a l ) d a n d a p a t d i s e m b u l k a n ( p r o t a k t i l ) . P a d a

b i b ir n ya ya ng lu n ak t e r d ap a t d u a p as a ng s u ng u t (

b e r be l ) d a n t id a k b e r g ig i . P ad a b ag i a n d a la m mu lu t

t e r d a p a t g i g i k e r o n g k o n g a n ( p h a r y n r e a l t e e t h )

s e b a n ya k t ig a b a r i s b e r b e n t u k g e r a h a m .

G a r i s r u s u k a t a u g u r a t s i s i l i n e a l a t e r a l i s y a n g

l e n g k a p t e r l e t a k d i t e n g a h t u b u h d e n g a n p o s i s i

m e l i n t a n g d a r i t u t u p i n s a n g s a m p a i k e u j u n g b e l a k a n g

p a ng k a l ek o r . S ir ip p u ng g u ng ik a n ma s me ma n ja n g

d a n p e r m u k a a n n y a t e r l e t a k b e r s e b r a n g a n d e n g a n s i r i p p e r u t ( ve nt r a l ) . S i r ip p u ngg u ng n ya ( d o r sa l ) be r ja r i -

j a r i k e r a s , s e d a ng k a n d i b ag ia n ak h i r be r g e r ig i .

s e p e r t i h a l n y a s i r i p p u n g g u n g , b a g i a n b e l a k a n g s i r i p

d u b u r ( a n a l ) i k a n m a s i n i p u n b e r j a r i - j a r i k e r a s d a n

b e r g e r ig i p ad a u ju ng n ya . S ir ip e k o r n ya me n yer u p a ic a g a k m e m a n j a n g s i m e t r i s h i n g g a k e b e l a k a n g t u t u p

i n s a n g ,


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7 | P a g e

1 . 3 S t r a i n I k a n M a s

S a a t i n i i k a n m a s m e m p u n y a i b a n y a k r a s a t a u

s t a i n . P e r b e d a a n s i f a t d a n c i r i d a r i r a s d i s e b a b k a n

o l e h a d a n y a i n t e r a k s i a n t a r a g e n o t i p e d a n l i n g k u n g a n

k o l a m , m u s i m d a n c a r a p e m e l i h a r a a n y a n g t e r l i h a t

d a r i p e n a m p i l a n b e n t u k f i s i k , b e n t u k t u b u h d a n

w a r n a n y a . A d a p u n c i r i - c i r i d a r i b e b e r a p a s t r a i n i k a n

m a s a d a l a h s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

1 . I k a n m a s p u n t e n : s i s i k b e r w a r n a h i j a u g e l a p ;

p o t o ng a n ba d a n p a l in g pe n d ek ; b ag ia n p u n g g u n g

t i n g g i m e l e b a r ; m a t a a g a k m e n o n j o l ; g e r a k a n n y a

g e s i t ; p e r b a n d i n g a n a n t a r a p a n j a n g b a d a n d a n

t i n g g i b a d a n a n t a r a 2 , 3 : 1 .2 . I k a n m a s m a j a l a y a : s i s i k b e r w a r n a h i j a u k e a b u -

a b u a n d e n g a n t e p i s i s i k l e b i h g e l a p ; p u n g g u n g

t i n g g i ; b a d a n n y a r e l a t i f p e n d e k ; g e r a k a n n y a

l a m b a n , b i l a d i b e r i m a k a n a n s u k a b e r e n a n g d i

p e r mu k a a n a i r ; p e r ba n d in g a n pa n ja ng b ad a nd e n g a n t i n g g i b ad a n a n t a r a 3 , 2 : 1 .

3 . I k a n m a s s i n y o n y a : s i s i k b e r w a r n a k u n i n g

m u d a ; b a d a n r e l a t i f p a n j a n g ; m a t a p a d a i k a n

m u d a t i d a k m e n o n j o l , s e d a n g k a n i k a n d e w a s a

b e r ma t a s ip it ; g e r ak a n n ya la m ba n, l e b ih su k a


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8 | P a g e

b e r ad a d i p e r mu k aa n a i r ; p e r b a nd in ga n p a n ja n g

b ad a n d e n ga n t in g g i b ad a n a n t a r a 3 , 6 : 1 .

4 . I k a n m a s t a i w a n : s i s i k b e r w a r n a h i j a u k e k u n i n g -

k u n i n g a n ; b a d a n r e l a t i f p a n j a n g ; p e n a m p a n g

p u ngg u n g me m b u la t ; ma t a ag ak me no n jo l ;

g e r a k a n l e b i h g e s i t d a n a k t i f ; p e r b a n d i n g a n

p a n ja n g ba d a n d e ng a n t ing g i ba d a n a nt a r a 3 , 5 : 1 .

5 . I k a n m a s k o i : b e n t u k b a d a n b u l a t p a n j a n g d a n

b e r s i s is k p e n u h ; w ar na s i s ik b e r ma c a m - mac a m

s e p e r t i p u t i h , k u n i n g , m e r a h m e n y a l a , a t a u

k o m b i n a s i d a r i w a r n a - w a r n a t e r s e b u t . B e b e r a p a

r a s k o i a d a l a h l o n g t a i l I n d o n e s i a n c a r p , l o n g

t a i l p l a t i n m n i s h i k i g o i , p l a t i n u m n i s h i k i g o i ,

l o n g t a i l s h u s u i n i s h i k i g o i , s h u s i n i s h i k i g o i ,

k o h a k u h i s h i k i g o i , l o n h t a i l h i s h i k i g o i ,

t a i s h u s a n s h o k u n s h i k i g o i d a n l o n g t a i l

t a i s h u s a n s h o ku n i s h i k i g o i .

1 . 4 K o l a m A i r D e r a s

K o l a m a i r d e r a s m e r u p a k a n k o l a m t e m p a t

p e mb e s a r a n ik a n ya n g a i r nya me n g a l i r s ec a r a t e r u s

m e n e r u s d a l a m j u m l a h t e r t e n t u . Te k n o l o g i p e m b u a t a n

k o l a m s i s t e m a i r d e r a s i n i d i a d o p s i d a r i n e g r i

s a k u r a , j e p a n g . U n t u k p e r t a m a k a l i n y a , t e k n o l o g i i n i


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9 | P a g e

m u l a i d i p e r k e n a l k a n d i I n d o n e s i a p a d a a w a l t a h u n 8 0

a n . d i i n d o n s e i a , k o n s e p k o l a m a i r d e r a s s e b e n a r n y a

s u d a h a d a s e j a k d u l u , k h u s u s n y a d i d a e r a h j a w a b a r a t

s e k i t a r t a h u n 1 8 6 0 a n . I n i b i s a d i b u k t i k a n d e n g a n

a d a n y a k o l a m k e r a m b a y a n g m e m a n f a a t k a n a l i r a n a i r

s u n g a i . M e s k i p a d a a w a l n y a k e r a m b a d i g u n a k a n

p e t a n i h a n ya s e b ag i t e mp a t p e na mp u ng a n s e me nt a r a

i k a n - i k a n y a n g a j k a n d i j u a l d i p a s a r, d a l a m

p e r k e m ba n g a n n ya , ke r a mb a ju s t r u me n ja d i s a la h sa t u

s i s t e m m e d i a p e m b e s a r a n i k a y a n g c u k u p b a i k .

S a y a n g n y a , k o n s e p p e m b e s a r a n i k a n p a d a k e r a m b a

t e r h e n t i s a m p a i s i t u s a j a d a n t i d a k m e n g a l a m p

p e r k e m ba n g a n l a g i

M e m i l i h s i s t e m k o l a m a i r d e r a s u n t u k

p e mb e s a r a n ik a n ma s me m i l ik i a la s a n t e r s e n d i r i .

K a r e n a p a d a p r i n s i p n y a , k e g i a t a n p e m b e s a r a n i k a n

m a s d i k o l a m a i r d e r a s m e r u p a k a n p e r b a i k a n d a r i

s i s t e m p e m e l i h a r a a n i k a n m a s d i m e d i a p e m b e s a r a n

t r a d i s i o n a l . P e r b a i k k a n i n i t e r c e m i n p a d a

k a r a kt e r i s t i k k o l a m a i r d e r a s y a it u :

B a g i a n d a s a r k o l a m l e b i h d a l a m , S a l u r a n p e m a s u k ka n a i r d a n g k a l ,


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1 0 | P a g e

A r u s n ya d e r a s , D a n P r m u k a a n a i r n ya t e n a n g

P a d a k o l a m a i r d e r a s j a r a n g s e k a l i t e r j a d i

p e nu mp u k k a n k o t o r an - k o t o r an ya n g be r a sa l d a r i

e k s k r e s i d a n s i s a p a k a n i k a n y a n g m e n g e n d a p d i d a s a r

k o l a m . K o t o r a n y a n g m e n g e n d a p d i d a s a r k o l a m a k a n

s e g e r a t e r k i k i s h a b i s t e r b a w a a r u s a i r k e l u a r. S e l a i n

i t u j u g a d e n g a n a r u s a i r y a n g d e r a s a k a n m e n a m b a h

k a d a r o k s i g e n y a n g t e r l a r u t d i d a l a m k o l a m . A i r a k a n

s e n a n t i a s a a k a n t e r u s m e n g a l i r d a n t i d a k t e r d i a m

d i s u a t u t e m p a t . O l e h k a r e n a i t u , k o l a m a i r d e r a s i n i

m e m b u t u h k a n a i r y a n g t e t a p d a n m e l i m p a h

I I . M e d i a B u d i d a y a

2 . 1 P e m i l i h a n L o k a s i K o l a m A i r D e r a s

P e m i l i h a n l o k a s i y a n g i d e a l m e r u p a k a n f a k t o r

y a n g s a n g a t p e n t i n g b a g i p e m b e s a r a n i k a n m a s ,

k a r e n a a k a n m e n d u k u n g k e l a n g s u n g a n s e l a m a

p e mb e s a r a n be r la n g su n g . Ad a b e b e r ap a h a l ya n g ha r u s

d i p e r h a t i k a n d a l a m m e m i l i h l o k a s i u n t u k k o l a m a i r

d e r a s .


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12/39

1 2 | P a g e

K e t i n g g i a n l o k a s i

K e t i n g g i a n n y a b e r k i s a r 1 5 0 - 1 . 0 0 0 m e t e r d p l . A k a n

t e t a p i k e t i n g g i a n o p t i m u m u n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n s u h u

a i r y a n g c o c o k u n t u k i k a n m a s b e r k i s a r 4 0 0 - 6 0 0 m e t e r

d p l . A p a b i l a l o k a s i t e r l a l u t i n g g i m a k a t i n g k a t n a f s u

m a k a n i k a n m a s a k a n m e n u r u n , k a r e n a s e m a k i n

m e n u r u n s u h u n y a m a k a l a j u m e t a b o l i s m e i k a n p u n

a k a n m e n u r u n . S u h u y a n g d i p e r l u k a n i k a n m a s

b e r k is a r 1 4 - 3 2 0 C . N a mu n, su h u o p t imu m u nt u k

p e r t u mb u ha n ik a n ma s d id a e r a h t r o p is ya it u 22 - 2 8 0 C .

A k s e b i l i t a s

S a r a n a p e n g a n g k u t a n d a n p e m a s a r a n h a s i l h a r u s

d e k a t d e n g a n l o k a s i k o l a m a i r d e r a s . S e m a k i n j a u h

d a e r a h p e m a s a r a n m a k a b i a y a e k s p l o i t a s i a k a n

s e m a k i n t i n g g i . S e l a i n i t u j u g a s a r a n a p e n g a n g k u t a n

h a r u s l a n c a r m u l u s d a n l a n c a r. D e n g a n d e m i k i a n ,

s a r a n a s a p r o d i y a n g b a i k a k a n m e n d u k u n g p r o s e s

p e ma s a r a n ha s i l p r o d u k s i .


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1 3 | P a g e

P e r t i m b a n g a n l i n g k u n g a n

P e m a k a i a n a i r u n t u k k o l a m t i d a k b o l e h

m e n g a k i b a t k a n p e r u b a h a n p a d a s i s t e m i r i g a s i s e r t a

t e r j a m i n n y a k e a m a n a n . D a e r a h y a n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k

l o k a s i k o l a m a i r d e r a s h a r u s a m a n d a r i t a n g a n p a r a

p e nc u r i, s e h in g g a ke la n g su ng a n p r o se s bu d id a ya ak a n

l a n c a r d a n a k a n m e n c i p t a k a n k e s e n a n g a n .

2 . 2 K o n t r u k s i K o l a m

K o m p o n e n k o l a m a i r d e r a s s a m a d e n g a n k o l a m

a i r t e n a n g , y a k n i m e l i p u t i p e m a t a n g / d i n d i n g k o l a m ,

d a s a r p i n t u , p i n t u a i r m a s u k , p i n t u a i r k e l u a r, s a l u r a n p e mb u a ng a n, d a n s a lu r a n p e ma s u k a n. Me n g in g a t s i f a t

a l i r a n y a n g r e l a t i f d e r a s m a k a s a l a h s a t u d e s a i n k o l a m

a i r d e r a s m e m a n j a n g b e r b e n t u k o v a l , d e n g a n p a n j a n g

1 0 m , l e b a r 3 m d a n k e d a l a m a n 1 7 0 c m d e n g a n

d i n d i ng d a n d a s a r k o la m t e r b u a t d a r i b e t o n .

S a l u r a n p e m a s u k a n , b a g i a n i n i d i b u a t d e k a t

d e n g a n s u n g a i , u k u r a n p a n j a n g , l e b a r d a n t i n g g i

s a l u r a n p e m a s u k a n t e rg a n t u n g d a r i d e b i t a i r y a n g


14/39

1 4 | P a g e

a k a n d i a l i r k a n , d a n j u m l a h k o l a m a i r d e r a s y a n g a k a n

d i b a n g u n .

L u b a n g p e m a s u k a n d a n s a r i n g a n b a g i a n i n i

d i b u a t b e r h u b u n g a n l a n g s u n g d e n g a n s a l u r a n

p e ma s u k a n. U nt uk k o la m a i r d e r a s d i t e mp a t

p e ne l i t i a n ya n g le b a r n ya 3 m, d ib u a t s a lu r a n

p e ma s u k a n d e ng a n le b a r 4 0 – 5 0 c m , d a n t i n g g i 1 5 –

2 0 c m . P a d a b a g i a n i n i d i b u a t s e k o n e n g , a t a u c o a k a n

s e c a r a v e r t i k a l d e n g a n l e b a r 2 – 3 c m , d a n d a l a m 1 –

2 c m . C o a k a n i t u b e r f u n g s i s e b a g a i t e m p a t m e m a s a n g

s a r i n g a n . S a r i n g a n d i b u a t d a r i b e s i , a t a u b e h e l u k u r a n

m i n i m a l 5 m m . B e h e l i n i d i l a s s e c a r a v e r t i k a l p a d a

b es i s e g i e mp a t d e ng a n ja r ak 0 , 5 – 1 c m .

P e m a t a n g p a d a k o l a m a i r d e r a s d i b u a t s e k e l i l i n g

k o l a m d e n g a n p o s i s i t e g a k l u r u s , t i d a k m i r i n g s e p e r t i

k o l a m t a n a h . Ti n g g i p e m a t a n g p a d a k o l a m a i r d e r a s

a n t a r a 1 , 5 – 1 , 8 m . P a d a l u b a n g p e m a s u k a n 1 , 5 m ,

s e d a n g k a n p a d a l u b a n g p e n g e l u a r a n 1 , 8 m . L e b a r p e mat a ng m i n i ma l 3 0 c m, se ma k in le b a r se ma k in k u a t .

K a r e n a i t u , b a g i a n i n i d i b u a t d a r i b e t o n .

D a s a r k o l a m b a g i a n b a w a h k o l a m a i r d e r a s d i b u a t

m e l a n d a i d a r i l u b a n g p e m a s u k a n k e l u b a n g

p e ng e lu a r a n. T u ju a n n ya a g a r a i r d a la m k o la m a i r


15/39

1 5 | P a g e

d e r a s m u d a h d i k e l u a r k a n d e n g a n d a s a r k e r i n g . S e l a i n

m e l a n d a i , b a g i a n i n i j u g a h a r u s c e k u n g . Tu j u a n n y a

a g a r s e m u a k o t o r a n t e r k u m p u l d i t e n g a h , s e h i n g g a

m u d a h t e r b a w a a r u s a i r d e n g a n m u d a h . D a s a r k o l a m

ju g a h a r u s k u a t , a ga r t id ak bo co r a k i b a t t ek an a n a i r

y a n g s a n g a t b e s a r, d a n j u g a k i k i s a n a i r. K a r e n a i t u

b ag ia n in i d ibu a t d a r i b e t o n s ep e r t i h a l n ya pe ma t a ng .

L u b a n g p e m b u a n g a n d i b u a t p a d a d i n d i n g

b e la k a ng d a r i l e b a r k o la m. Le t a k n ya d i b ag ia n b aw a h

d e n g a n l e b a r 3 0 – 4 0 c m , d a n t i n g g i 2 0 – 3 0 c m .

U n t u k m e n e t a p k a n k e t i n g g i a n a i r k o l a m , m a k a p a d a

b ag ia n be la k a ng lu ba ng p e ng e lu a r a n d ib u a t mo n i k

d e n g a n l e b a r 3 – 4 c m . B a g i a n i n i d i g u n a k a n s e b a g a i

t e m p a t u n t u k m e m a s a n g p a p a n s e b a g a i p e n a h a nk e t i n g g ia n a i r d i k o l a m .

S a l u r a n p e m b u a n g a n k o l a m a i r d e r a s i n i d i b u a t

d i b e l a k a n g , d a n b e r h u b u n g a n l a n g s u n g d e n g a n l u b a n g

p e ng e lu a r a n. L e t ak n ya le b ih r e nd a h d a r i d a sa r k o la m

2.3 Kual i t a s Air


16/39

1 6 | P a g e

K u a l i t a s a i r m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u m e d i a y a n g

s a n g a t p e n t i n g y a n g h a r u s d i p e r h a t i k a n d a l a m

p e mb e s a r a n ik a n. Ai r ya ng d ig u na k a n h a r u s me me n u h i

s y a r a t t e r h a d a p k e l a n g s u n g a n h i d u p u n t u k o rg a n i s m e

y a n g h i d u p d i d a l a m n y a . A p a b i l a m e l i m p a h r u a h j i k a

b a n ya k me n ga n d u ng u n s ur e k i m ia , ak a n b e r a k ib a t

f a t a l b a g i i k a n . M e n g g u n a k a n a i r s e b a g a i m e d i a

t u m b u h y a n g b a i k m e m p e r h a t i k a n b e b e r a p a f a k t o r

s e p e r t i k a d a r o k s i g e n ( O 2 ) , k a r b o n d i o k s i d a ( C O 2 ) ,

K e a s a m a n ( p H ) , K e k e r u h a n d a n s u h u a i r

1 . O k s i g e n

O k s i g e n m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u p a r a m e t e r a i r

y a n g s a n g a t b e r p e n g a r u h t e r h a d a p k e l a n g s u n g a nh i d u p i k a n . K e t e r s e d i a a n n y a o k s i g e n d i s u a t u

p e r a i r a n d i p e n gar u h i o le h s u h u , pH , d a n

K a r b o n d i o k s i d a ( C O 2 ) . S e m a k i n t i n g g i s u h u a i r

m a k a s e m a k i n s e d i k i t k a d a r o k s i g e n t e r l a r u t d i d a l a m

a i r k a r e n a k e t i k a s u h u n y a t i n g g i m a k a a k a n t e r j a d i p e ng u ap a n a i r s e h i n g g a k ada r o k s ig e n ya ng t e r la r u t

a k a n s e m a k i n b e r k u r a n g k a r e n a t e r b a w a o l e h a i r

y a n g m e n g u a p . S e t i a p k e n a i k a n s u h u 1 0 C

m e m b ut u h k a n k e n a i k a n o k s i g e n s e b a n y a k 1 0 % . P a d a

k o l a m a i r d e r a s k a d a r o s i g e n t e r l a r u t d a p a t


17/39

1 7 | P a g e

d i t i n g k a t k a n d e n g a n b e b e r a p a c a r a y a n g d a p a t

d i l a k u k k a n s e c a r a m a n u a l a t a u s e c a r a r e k a y a s a .

S e p e r t i m e n c i p t a k a n r i a k - r i a k k e c i l d e n g a n c a r a

m e m b u a t t a n g g u l - t a n g g u l k e c i l d i s a l u r a n d i s t r i b u s i

a i r s e p e r t i p a d a ko l a m p a r it .

2 . K a r b o n d i o k s i d a

K a r b o n d i o k s i d a d e n g a n k a d a r 5 0 - 1 0 0 p p m

b e r s i f a t r acu n ba g i ik a n d a n d ap a t me ng ak ib a t k a n

i k a n m a t i . B a t a s k a d a r g a s C O 2 y a n g d a p a t d i t e r i m a

o l e h i k a n b e r k i s a r 5 p p m . A k a n t e t a p i h a r u s a d a n y a

k e s e i m b a n g a n d e n g a n j u m l a h k a r d a r o k s i g e n y a n g

t e r l a r u t d i d a l a m a i r u n t u k m e n g h i n d a r i m e g a p - m e g a p

p ad a ik a n ka r e n a k ek u r a n g a n o k s ige n . S e n yaw a la i ny a n g b e r s i f a t r a c u n a d a l a h a m m o n i a . K a d a r a m m o n i a

m i n i m u m y a n g d a p a t d i t o l e r i r o l e h i k a n a d a l a h

s e b e s a r 0 , 1 p p m ( g r / 1 ) . S e n y a w a t i m b u l k a r e n a a d a n y a

k o t o r a n d a n e k s k r e a s i i k a n . K e p a d a t a n p o p u l a s i ,

k e n a i k a n s u hu d a n h a s i l p r o s e s p e m b u s u k k a n s i s a - s i s am a k a n a n d i d a s a r k o l a m a k a n m e n i n g k a t k a n k a d a r

a m m o n i a . S a l a h s a t u c a r a m e n a n g g u l a n g i k a d a r

a m mo n i a a d a l a h d e n g a n c a r a a e r a s i . S a t u - s a t u n y a c ar a

u n t u k m e n g u r a n g i k a d a r a m m o n i a a d a l a h d e n g a n c a r a

m e n g a ng k a t lu m p u r - l u m p u r y a n g a d a d i d a s a r k o l a m .


18/39

1 8 | P a g e

3 . D e r a j a t K e a s a m a n ( p H )

D e r a j a t k e a s a m a n a i r d i p e n g a r u h i o l e h

k o n s e n t r a s i i o n H + y a n g d i n y a t a k a n d e n g a n a n g k a 1 -

1 4 . K a d a r p H d a l a m a i r s a n g a t m e m p e n g a r u h i

k e s u b u r a n s u a t u p e r a i r a n . p H i d e a l u n t u k m e m e l i h a r a

i k a n a d a l a h 7 , 5 s a m p a i 8 , 5 . A i r y a n g t e r l a l u a l k a l i

a t a u b a s a d e n g a n k a d a r p H 11 a k a n b e r s i f a t r a c u n

b ag i ik a n. A ir d ap a t d iuk u r d e ng a n me n g g u n ak a n

k e r t a s l a k m u s a t a u p H m e t e r.

4 . K e k e r u h a n

K e k e r u h a n s u a t u p e r a i r a n a k a n m e m p e n g a r u h i

k e m a m p u a n d a y a i k a t a i r t e r h a d a p o k s i g e n . S e m a k i n

k e r u h a i r y a n g d i g u n a k a n m a k a i k a n a k a n s e m a k i n

s u l i t b e r n a f a s . H a l i n i d i s e b a b k a n o l e h i n s a n g y a n g

t e r t u t u p o l e h l u m p u r a t a u i o n p a r t i k e l - p a r t i k e l k e c i l

y a n g t e r d a p a t p a d a s u a t u p e r a i r a n . s e l a i n i t u , j u g a

n a f s u i k a n a k a n m e n u r u n .

2 . 4 D e b i t A i r


19/39

1 9 | P a g e

D e b i t a i r a d a l a h k a p a s i t a s a i r y a n g m e n g a l i r p e r

s a t u a n w a k t u p a d a s u n g a i , s e l o k a n a t a u p i p a s a l u r a n

p e ma s u k k a n a i r . P e mb u a t an k o la m a ir d e r a s ha r u s

m e m p e r h a t i k a n s e b i t a i r y a n g m a s u k k e l o k a s i .

D e b i t a i r j u g a d a p a t m e m b a n t u k e t e r s e d i a a n n y a

k a d a r o k s i g e n y a n g t e r l a r u r d i d a l a m a i r. S e m a k i n

d e r a s m a k a a k a n s e m a k i n b a n y a k p u l a k a d a r o k s i g e n

y a n g t e r l a r u t d i d a l a m a i r. J u m l a h d e b i t a i r y a n g

d i g u n a k a n b e r k i s a r 5 0 - 1 0 0 l i t e r p e r d e t i k . J u m l a h

d e b i t a i r y a n g o p t i m u m u n t u k m e n g a i r i 3 b u a h k o l a m

b e r u k u r a n 50 m2 s e k a l ig u s . Ba n ya k n y a d e b it a ir ya n g

d i g u n a k k a n d a p a t d i h i t u n g d e n g a n m e m a k a i

p e r ba nd in g a n d e b it a i r 1 0 0 l i t e r p e r d e t ik u nt u k

l u a s a n k o l a m 1 0 0 m e t e r p e r s e g i . J u m l a h d e b i t a i r 1 0 0

l i t e r p e r d e t i k p a d a s a l u r a n u t a m a , d a p a t k i t a

d i s t r i b u s i k a n u n t u k 1 0 b u a h k o l a m s e k a l i g u s d e n g a n

a s u m s i s e t i a p k o l a m m e m i l i k i l u a s 1 0 m 2 . D e n g a n

b eg it u , d e b it a i r ya n g d ap a t d id is t r ib u s ik a n k e se t ia p

k o l a m b e r j u m la h 1 0 l i t e r p e r d e r t i k

I I I . P e m b ud i d a y a a n I k a n M a s

3 . 1 P e m i l i ha n I n d u k


20/39

2 0 | P a g e

I n d u k y a n g b a i k i a l a h i n d u k y a n g b e r u m u r 1 . 5 - 3

t a h u n s e h a t t i d a k c a c a t . B a g i a n s i s i k t e r a t u r d a n t i d a k

t e r l u k a . B e n t u k d a n u k u r a n i d e a l t i d a k t e r l a l u g e m u k

m a u p u n k u r u s . Tu b u h n y a t i d a k t e r l a l u l e m b e k a t a u

k e r a s . L u b a n g d u bu r r e l a t i f d e k a t d e n g a n p a n g k a l e k o r

C i r i - c i r i i n d u k s i a p m e m i j a h

I n d u k b e t i n a d i p i j a h k a n u m u r > 1 . 5 a t a u

b e r a t le b ih d a r i 1 . 5 k g I n d u k b e t i n a m a t a n g k e l a m i n d i t a n d a i

p e r u t mu la i lu n ak , u r o g e n it a l mer a h d a n

a g a k t e r b u k a

I n d u k y a n g m a t a n g g o n a d t i d a k a k t i f

b e r ge r ak

I n d u k j a n t a n d i p i j a h k a n u m u r l e b i h d a r i

6 b u l a n d e n g a n b o b o t m i n i m a l 0 . 5 k g

I k a n j a n t a n m a t a n g g o n a d a k a n k e l u a r

s p e r m a j i k a p e r u t n y a d it e k a n

P e m e l i h ar a a n i n d u k :

I n d u k j a n t a n d a n b e t i n a d i p e l i h a r a s e c a r a

t e r p i s a h d a l a m k o l a m d e ng a n k e d a l a m a n a i r 8 0 - 1 5 0 c m

d e n g a n a l i r a n a i r m e n g a l i r s e p e r t i d a l a m k o l a m


21/39

2 1 | P a g e

t a n a h . s u h u i d e a l u n t u k k o l a m i n d u k a n s e k i t a r 2 5 - 3 0

d e r a j a t d e n g a n d e r a j a t k e a s a m a n P h 6 , 5 - 8 , 5 .

s e m e n t a r a i t u , p a k a n d i b e r i k a n s e b a n y a k 2 k a l i y a k n i

s e t e l a h p u k u l 8 p a g i d a n 4 s o r e h a r i s e b a n y a k 2 , 5 %

bo bo t t u bu h. m is a ln ya d a la m k o la m t e r d a p a t 1 2

i n d u k a n d e n g a n b e r a t r a t a - r a t a 2 k g ( 2 4 k g / k o l a m )

m a k a p a k a n y a n g d i b e r i k a n s e k i t a r 4 8 0 - 1 2 0 0 g r a m

t i a p h a r i .

3 . 2 P e m i j a h a n

1 . P e m i j a h a n t r a d i s io n a l

D i k e n a l b e b e r a p a c a r a m e l a k u k a n p e m i j a h a n s e c a r at r a d i s i o n a l , y a i t u :

C a r a s u n d a : ( 1 ) l u a s k o l a m p e m i j a h a n 2 5 - 3 0

m e t e r p e r s e g i , d a s a r k o l a m s e d i k i t b e r l u m p u r,

k o l a m d i k e r i n g k a n l a l u d i i s i a i r p a d a p a g i h a r i ,

i n d u k d i m a s u k a n p a d a s o r e h a r i ; ( 2 ) d i s e d i a k a n

i n j u k u n t u k m e n e p e l k a n t e l u r ; ( 3 ) s e t e l a h

p r o ses p e m i ja h a n s e le s a i , i ju k d ip in d a h k e

k o l a m p e n e t a s a n .


22/39

2 2 | P a g e

C a r a c i m i n d i : ( 1 ) l u a s k o l a m p e m i j a h a n 2 5 - 3 0


k o l a m d i k e r i n g k a n l a l u d i i s i a i r p a d a p a g i h a r i ,

i n d u k d i m a s u k a n p a d a s o r e h a r i ; k o l a m

p e m i ja h a n mer u p ak a n k o la m p e ne t a s a n ; ( 2 )

d i s e d i a k a n i n j u k u n t u k m e n e p e l k a n t e l u r, i j u k

d i j e p i t b a m b u d a n d i l e t a k k a n d i p o j o k k o l a m

d a n d i b a t a s i p e m a t a n g a n t a r a d a r i t a n a h ; ( 3 )

s e t e l a h p r o s e s p e m i j a h a n s e l e s a i i n d u k

d i p i n d a h k a n k e k o l a m l a i n ; ( 4 ) t u j u h h a r i

s e t e l a h p e m i j a h a n i j u k i n i d i b u k a k e m u d i a n

s e k i t a r 2 - 3 m i n g g u s e t e l a h i t u d a p a t d i p a n e n

b e n ih - b e n i h ik a n.

C a r a r a n c a p a k u : ( 1 ) l u a s k o l a m p e m i j a h a n 2 5 -

3 0 m e t e r p e r s e g i , d a s a r k o l a m s e d i k i t

b e r lu mp u r , k o la m d ik e r ing k a n la lu d i is i a i r

p ad a pa g i ha r i, in d u k d i ma s uk a n p a d a so r e ha r i ;

k o l a m p e m i j a h a n m e r u p a k a n k o l a m p e n e t a s a n ,

b a t a s p e ma t a ng a nt a r a t e r bu a t d a r i b a t u ; ( 2 )

d i s e d i a k a n r u m p u t k e r i n g u n t u k m e n e p e l k a n

t e l u r , r u m p u t d i s e b a r m e r a t a d i s e l u r u h

p e r mu k aa n a i r k o la m d a n d ib a t a s i p e mat a ng

a n t a r a d a r i t a n a h ; ( 3 ) s e t e l a h p r o s e s p e m i j a h a n


23/39

2 3 | P a g e

s e l e s a i i n d u k t e t a p d i k o l a m p e m i j a h a n . ; ( 4 )

s e t e l a h b e n i h i k a n k u a t m a k a a k a n b e r p i n d a h

t e m p a t m e l a l u i s e l a b e b a t u a n , s e t e l a h 3 m i n g g u

m a k a b e n i h d a p a t d i p a n e n .

C a r a s u m a t e r a : ( 1 ) l u a s k o l a m p e m i j a h a n 5


k o l a m d i k e r i ng k a n l a l u d i i s i a i r p a d a p a g i h a r i ,

i n d u k d i m a s u k a n p a d a s o r e h a r i ; k o l a m

p e m i ja h a n mer u p ak a n k o la m p e ne t a s a n ; ( 2 )

d i s e d i a k a n i n j u k u n t u k m e n e p e l k a n t e l u r, i j u k

d i t e b a r d i p e r m u k a a n a i r ; ( 3 ) s e t e l a h p r o s e s

p e m i ja h a n s e le s a i in d u k d ip in d a h k a n k e k o la m

l a i n ; ( 4 ) s e t e l a h b e n i h b e r u m u r 5 h a r i l a l u

p in d a h k a n k e k o la m pe n d ed e r a n . C a r a d u b i s h : ( 1 ) l u a s k o l a m p e m i j a h a n 2 5 - 5 0

m e t e r p e r s e g i , d i b u a t p a r i t k e l i l i n g d e n g a n

l e b a r 6 0 c m d a l a m 3 5 c m , k o l a m d i k e r i n g k a n

l a l u d i i s i a i r p a d a p a g i h a r i , i n d u k d i m a s u k a n

p ad a s o r e ha r i ; ko la m p e m i ja h a n m er up a k a n

k o l a m p e n e t a s a n ; ( 2 ) s e b a g a i m e d i a p e n e m p e l

t e l u r d i g u n a k a n t a n a m a n h i d u p s e p e r t i C y no d o n

d a c t y l o n s e t i n g g i 4 0 c m ; ( 3 ) s e t e l a h p r o s e s

p e m i ja h a n s e le s a i in d u k d ip in d a h k a n k e k o la m


24/39

2 4 | P a g e

l a i n ; ( 4 ) s e t e l a h b e n i h b e r u m u r 5 h a r i l a l u

p in d a h k a n k e k o la m p e nd ed er a n.

C a r a h o f e r : ( 1 ) s a m a s e p e r t i c a r a d u b i s h h a n y a

t i d a k a d a p a r i t d a n t a n a m a n C y n o d o n d a c t y l o n

d i p a s a n g d i d e p a n p i nt u p e m a s u k a n a ir.

2 . P e m i j a h a n s u n t i k

P a d a s i s i t i m i n i i n d u k b a i k j a n t a n m a u p u n

b e t in a ya n g ma t a ng b e r t e lu r d i r a ng sa n g u nt u k

m e m i j a h s e t e l a h p e n y u n t i k a n e k s t r a k k e l e n j a r

h y p h o f i s e k e d a l a m t u b u h i k a n . K e l e n j a r h y p h o f i s e

d i p e r o l e h d a r i k e p a l a i k a n d o n o r ( b e r a d a d i l e k u k a n

t u l a n g t e n g k o r a k d i b a w a h o t a k b e s a r ) . S e t e l a h

s u n t i k a n d i l a k uk a n d u a k a l i , d a l a m t e m p o 6 j a m i n d u k

a k a n t e r a n g s a n g m e l a k u k a n p e m i j a h a n . S i s t i m i n i

m e m e r l u k a n b i a y a y a n g t i n g g i , s a r a n a y a n g l e n g k a p

d a n p e r a w a t a n y a n g i n t e n s i f

3 . 3 B e n i h

1 . S e l e k s i b e n i h


25/39

2 5 | P a g e

B e n i h u n g g u l m e r u p a k a n s i f a t - s i f a t y a n g

m e n o n j o l p a d a i k a n s e p e r t i p e r t u m b u h n n y a c e p a t ,

d a y a t a h a n t e r h a d a p p e n y a k i t , d a n m a m p u

m e n y e s u a i k a n t e r h a d a p l i n g k u n g a n . B i a s a n y a i k a n

y a n g u n g g u l p e r t u m b u h a n n y a l e b i h c e p a t y a i t u s e k i t a r

3 - 4 b u l a n . S e l a i n i t u , b e n i h i k a n y a n g u n g g u l s a n g a t

r e s p o n s i v e t e r h a d a p p a k a n . J e n i s i k a n y a n g u n g g u l

s e r i n g d i g u n a k a n u n t u k d i p e l i h a r a d i k o l a m a i r d e r a s ,

t e r u t a m a j e n i s i k a n m a s s t r a i n m a j a l a y a . H a l i i n i

d i k a r e n k a n p e r t u m b u h a n n y a c e p a t , r e s p o n s i v e

t e r h a d a p p a k a n d a n t o l e r a n t e r h a d a p s u h u y a n g

b e r f lu k t u a t i f ( 2 2 - 2 8 0 C ) , s e r t a r a s a d ag i mg m ya p u n

g u r i h d a n , l e z at . M e n y e l e k s i b e n i h d a p t d i l i ha t d a r i :

A s a l B e n i h

P a s t i k a n i k a n m a s y a n g d d i b u d i d a y a k a n

b e r a sa l d a r i b e n ih u ngg u l. U nt u k

m e n g e t a h u i b e n i h u n g g u l b i a s a n y a t e r d a p a t

s e r t i f i k a t . B e n i h y a n g u n g g u l b e r a s a l d a r i

i n d u k a n y a n g u n g g u l . K i t a d a p a t

m e m p e r o l e h b e n i h d a r i B a l a i B e n i h I k a n

A i r Ta w a r ( B B I AT ) d a n k i t a j u g a b i s a

m e m i j a h k a n s e n d i r i j i k a m e m p u n y a i

i n d u k a n y a n g u n gg u l .


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2 6 | P a g e

C i r i F i s i k

K r i t e r i a f i s i k b e n i h y a n g b a i k a d a l a h d a r i

m u l u t s a m p a i u j u n g s i r i p e k o r t a m p a k

m u l u s d a n s e h a t . U k u r a n k e p a l a r e l a t i v e

k e c i l d a n l u r u s k e b a g i a n m o n c o n g , b a d a n

l e b a r, p a n g k a l e k o r b e s a r, p u n g g u n g

t i n g g i , s e r t a g e r a k a n n y a l i n c a h d a n k u a t .

Tu b u h i k a n b u l a t p i p i h , s i s i k t e r s u s u n r a p i

d e n g a n w ar n a c e r a h d a n t id a k k u s a m .

U k u r a n b e n i h

U k u r a n b e n i h y a n g d i t e b a r s e b a i k n y a

d i s e s u a i k a n d e n g a n t u j u a n p e m a s a r a n .

P e n a n a m a n i k a n y a n g d i r e n c a n a k a n u n t u k

d i p a n e n s e k a l i g u s h a r u s m e n g g u n a k a n

u k u r a n i n d i v i d u b e n i h y a n g s e r a g a m .

P e n a n a m a n i k a n y a n g d i r e n c a n a k a n u n t u k

d i p a n e n s e b a g a i ( s k i m m i n g ) d e n g a n

p e r t imb a n g a n p e ma s a r a n , p e n e bar a n aw a l

d a p a t d i l a k u k k a n d e n g a n u k u r a n i n d i v i d u

y a n g b e r v a r i a s i . B e r a t a w a l b e n i h i k a n

y a n g a k a n d i p e l i h a r a d a l a m k o l a m a i r

d e r a s s e b a i k n y a l e b i h b e s a r d a r i 6 0 g r a m

a t a u b e r k i s a r 7 5 - 1 0 0 g r a m p e r e k o r.


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2 7 | P a g e

D e n g a n b e r a t t e r s e b u t , b e n i h i k a n s u d a h

m e m i l i k i k e m a m p u a n u n t u k b e r a d a p t a s i

d a l a m l i n g k u n g a n a i r y a n g m e n g a l i r d e r a s .

B i a s a n y a , p a r a p e t a n i m e n g g u n a k a n b e n i h

y a n g b e r u m u r s e k i t a r 2 b u l a n s e t e l a h m a s a

p a ne n be n ih a t au 4 - 6 bu la n da r i t e lu r ,

d e n g a n u k u r a n 8 - 1 2 c m a t a u r a t a - r a t a 1 0

c m , a t a u 1 0 - 1 6 e k o r p e r k i l o g r a m . B e n i h

i n i b i a s a n y a d i s e b u t d e n g a n n a m a b e n i h

k e p a l a n g a t a u b e n i h g e l o n d o n g .

P a d a t t e b a r

P a d a t p e n e b a r a n a d a l a h b o b o t p o p u l a s i

i k a n y a n g h a r u s d t a n a m u n t u k

m e n g h a s i l k a n b o b o t i k a n t e r t e n t u s e t e l a h

m a s a p e m e l i h a r a a n t e r t e n t u . P a d a t

p e ne b ar a n be n ih ik a n ma s ya n g ak a n

d i p e l i h a r a h a r u s d i s e s u a i k a n d e n g a n l u a s

d a n t i p e k o l a m s e r t a d e b i t a i r. P a d a t p e ne b ar a n o p t imu mu nt u k k o la m a i r d e r a s

t i p e s e g i t i g a s e k i t a r 6 k g / p a d a t p e n e b a r a n

u n t u k k o l a m a i r d e r a s t i p e s e g i e m p a t a t a u

p a r it s e k i t a r 3 k g / m2 . P e ne b ar a n b e n ih

ju ga ha r u s d i la k u k k a n s a a t su hu r e l a t iv e


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2 8 | P a g e

r e n d a h . D a l a m s u h u r e n d a h b e n i h t i d a k

a k a n m e n g a l a m i s t r e s s d e n g a n p e r u b a h a n

s u h u d a n n a f s u m a k a n a k a n m e n i n g k a t .

B i a s a n y a p e n e b a r a n b e n i h d i l a k u k k a n p a d a

p ag i a t au so r e h a r i. S e ba g a i g a mb ar a n,

k o l a m d e n g a n l u a s a n 5 0 m 2 , p a d a t

p e ne b ar a n b e n i h id e a ln ya 6 - 7 k g / m2 , d a n

d a l a m s a t u k i l o g r a m r a t a - r a t a t e r d a p a t 1 0 -

2 0 e k o r. N a m u n , u k u r a n t e r s e b u t b u k a n l a h

s u a t u p a t o k a n , m e n g i n g a t j u m l a h p a d a t

p e ne b ar a n t e r g a nt un g p ad a d e b it a ir .

S e m a k i n b e s a r d e b i t a i r , m a k a s e m a k i n

b es a r p u la d a ya d uk u n g k o la m a ir d e r a s

t e r s e b u t .

3 . 4 P a k a n

D a l a m u s a h a p e m b e s a r a n i k a n m a s p e m b e r i a n p a k a n

h a r u s d i l a k u k k a n s e c a r a t e p a t m u t u , j u m l a h , u k u r a n ,d a n s i f a t p a k a n , t e k n i k s e r t a w a k t u . H a l - h a l i n i p e r l u

d i p e r h a t i k a n k a r e n a d a p a t m e n e n t u k a n k e b e r h a s i l a n

p e mb e s a r a n ik a n ma s .

1 . Te p a t m e n u


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2 9 | P a g e

I k a n m a s a k a n t u m b u h l e b i h c e p a t a p a b i l a k a n d u n g a n

n i l a i k a d a r p r o t e i n d a l a m s u a t u p a k a n h e w a n i t i n g g i .

I k a n m a s d a p a t t u m b u h l e b i h c e p a t j i k a d i b e r i p a k a n

y a n g m e n g a n d u n g 3 5 - 4 0 % p r o t e i n d e n g a n k a n d u n g a n

3 , 4 - 3 , 8 k k a l / g r a m . K e b u t u h a n p r o t e i n a d a i k a n m a s

t e rg o l o n g t i n g g i , m e l e b i h i k e b u t u h a n p r o t e i n u n t u k

bu r u ng d a n ma ma l ia . P ak a n ya n g d i b e r ika n k ep ad a

i k a n m a s a p a b i l a n i l a i p r o t e i n n y a m e l e b i h i 4 0 % m a k a

a k a n m e m a c u p e r t u m b u h a n b e r a t , e f i s i e n s i m a k a n a n ,

r e t e n s i a t a u p e n g i k a t a n p r o t e i n , d a n r e t e n s i a t a u

p e ng ik a t a n le ma k ya n g le b i h b a ik d ib a nd in g k a n

d e n g a n p e m b er i a n r a n s u m r a n s u m l a i n.

2 . Te p a t j u m l a h

P e m b e r i a n p a k a n d a p a t d i a t u r s e b a n y a k 2 - 5 %

d a r i b o b o t t o t a l p o p u l a s i i k a a n y a n g d i p e l i h a r a p a d a

bu la n p e r t a ma 3 , 5 % p ad a bu la n k ed u a 3 % p a d a b u la n

k e d u a d a n k e e m p a t . K e m u d i a n m e n j a d i 2 , 5 % d a r i

b e r a t t o t a l ik a n , s e t e r u s n ya ak a n t u r u n s e su a i d e n g a n p e nu r u n a n k ec ep a t a n t u mb u h ik a n.

3 . K a r ak t e r i s t i k p a k a n

S i f a t - s i f a t p a k a n h a r u s d i s e s u a i k a n d e n g a n

k e b i a s a a n m a k a n i k a n m a s . P a k a n y a n g t i d a k m u d a h


30/39

3 0 | P a g e

h a n c u r d a l a m a i r, m i n i m u m t a h a n d a l a m a i r s e k i t a r 1 0

m e n i t . P a k a n y a n g t i d a k c e p a t t e n g g e l a m a n t a r a l a i n

p ak a n bu a t an b e r be nt u k bu t ir a n d e ng a n d ia met e r 2 - 5

m m y a n g p o p u l e r d i s e b u t d e n g a n p e l l e t . P a k a n y a n g

m e l a ya n g d a l a m a i r d a n t id a k h a n c u r s e l a m a 2 - 3 m e n i t

a k a n l e b i h b a i k . S e l a i n h a r u s m e m i l i k i a r o m a y a n g

d a p a t m e n a r i k d a n m e r a n g s a n g n a f s u m a k a n i k a n ,

m i s a l n y a d e n g a n m e n a m b a h k a n m i n y a k i k a n s e b a g a i

b a ha n ca mp u r a n p e le t . P ak a n ya n g ba ik ap a b i l a

d i s i m p a n m a k s i m u m 2 b u l a n t a n p a b e r u b a h

k u a l i t a s n y a .

4 . Te p a t t e k h n i k d a n w a k t u

Te k n i k d a n w a k t u p e m b e r i a n p a k a n p a d a k o l a m

a i r d e r a s s e b e n a r n y a r e l a t i v e , t e rg a n t u n g p a d a

p e r t imb a n g a n d a n se le r a p a r a p e t a n i . Unt u k t ek n i k

d a n w a k t u p e m b e r i a n p a k a n d a p a t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n 3

c a r a y a it u : M a n u a l , S e m i o t o m a t i s , d a n O t o m a t i s .

M a n u a l : P e m b e r i a n p a k a n s e c a r a m a n u a l

y a i t u p e m b e r i a n p a k a n n y a d i l a k u k k a n

d e n g a n m e m a k a i t a n g a n s e c a r a l a n g s u n g ,

d i b e r i k a n 2 - 3 k a l i p e r h a r i


31/39

3 1 | P a g e

( p a g i , s i a n g , s o r e ) . P a k a n d i t e b a r k a n s e c a r a

m e r a t a d i a t a s i k a n y a n g s e d a n g

b e r g e r o mbo l d e n g a n ju m la h se d ik it d e m i

s e d i k i t a g a r p a k a n t i d a k m u b a z i r. D e n g a n

d e m i k i a n , p e m b e r i a n p a k a n a k a n l e b i h

e f i s i e n d a n p e r t u m b u h a n i k a n a k a n r e l a t i v e

m e r a t a . A p a b i l a s u d a h k e n y a n g , d e n g a n

s e n d i r i n y a i k a n a k a n m e n i n g g a l k a n

m a k a n a n . K e l e m a h a n p e m b e r i a n s e c a r a

m a n u a l a k a n l e b i h m e m b u t u h k a n e n e rg y

d a r i p a r a p e t a n i a t a u t e n a g a n y a u n t u k

m e m b e r p a k a n i k a n s e h a r i 2 - 3 k a l i .

S e m i a u t o m a t i c : P a d a p e m b e r i a n s e c a r a

s e m i o t o m a t i s d i l a k u k k a n d e n g a n

m e n g g u na k a n a l a t y a m g d i n a m a k a n d e n g a n

p ep a k a n . A la t in i ha mp er m ir ip d e ng a n

d a n d a n g n a s i y a n g a l a s n y a m e n y e r u p a i

c o r o n g b e r l u b a n g . P r i n s i p k e r j a a l a t i n i

d i d a s a r k a n p a d a s e n t u h a n t e n a g a i k a n .A l a t i n i p e p a k a n d i s e b u t d e n g a n s e l f

f e e d e r. S e l f f e e d e r d i t e m p a t k a n d i a t a s

p e r mu k aa n i r k o la m. J ik a b ag ia n t o ng k a t

p e ng u mp i l d i s e n g g o l ik a n, c e la h p ep ak a n

a k a n m e l e b a r s e h i n g g a b u t i r a n p e l e t k e l u a r


32/39

3 2 | P a g e

d e n g a n s e n d i r i n y a . K e u n t u n g a n n y a a d a l a h

i k a n a k a n m e n d a p a t k a n m a k a n a n n y a

k a p a n p u n m a u d a n d a p a t m e n g u r a n g i

w a k t u k e r j a p e t a n i . K e l e m a h a n n y a a d a l a h

p e mb a g ia n b u t ir a n ak a n se la lu i d ik u as a i

o l e h i k a n - i k a n y a n g b e s a r s e h i n g g a t e r j a d i

p e r be d aa n p e r t u mbu ha n, s e h in g g a pa d a

s a a t p e m a n e n a n a k a n m e n d a p a t k a n i k a n

y a n g b e r v a r i a s i . K e l e m a h a n i n i d a p a t

d i a t a s i d e n g a n m e m p e r b a n ya k p e p a k a n .

O t o m a t i s : P e m b e r i a n p a k a n s e c a r a

o t o m a t i s i n i d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n

m e n g g u n a k a n p e p a k a m b e r t e n a g a l i s t r i k .

M e l a l u i a l a t i n i p a k a n d a p a t d i a t u r j u m l a h

m a u p u n f r e k u e n s i n y a a t a u w a k t u

p e mb er ia nn ya se su a i d e ng a n k e he n d a k k it a

m e l a l u i t i m e r ( p e n g a t u r w a k t u o t o m a t i s )

y a n g t e r d a p a t p a d a a l a t t e r s e b u t . A l a t i n i

d i s e b u t d e n g a n o u t o m a t i c f e e d e r y a n gd a p a t d i t e m p a t k a n d i a t a s p e r m u k a a n a i r

k o l a m . I d e a l n y a p e m b e r i a n p a k a n p a d a

i k a n m a s d i l a k u k a n s e c a r a t e p a t m u t u ,

ju m la h, u k u r a n d a n s i f a t p ak a n t e k n ik

s e r t a w a k t u . H a l t e r p e n t i n g a d a l a h


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3 3 | P a g e

s e b a r a p a s e r i n g p e m b e r i a n p a k a n i t u

d i l a k u k a n . S e m a k i n s e r i n g p e m b e r i a n

p ak a n s e ma k in b a ik p u la u nt u k k e cep a t a n

p e r t u mb u ha n ik a n. T e nt u n ya p e m b e r ia n

p ak a n t id a k mu ba z i r

3 . 5 H a m a d a n p e n y a k it

1 . H a m a

B e b e a s a n ( N o t o n e c t a ) : B e r b a h a y a b a g i

b e n ih k a r e n a s e n g a t a n n ya . P e ng e n da l ia n :m e n u a n g k a n m i n y a k t a n a h k e p e r m u k a a n a i r

5 0 0 c c / 1 0 0 m e t e r p e r s e g i .

U c r i t ( L a r v a c y b i s t e r ) : M e n j e p i t b a d a n

i k a n d e n g a n t a r i n g n y a h i n g g a r o b e k .

P e n g e n d a l i a n : s u l i t d i b e r a n t a s ; h i n d a r i b a h a no rg a n i k m e n u m p u k d i s e k i t a r k o l a m .

K o d o k : M a k a n t e l u r t e l u r i k a n .

P e n g e n d a l i a n : s e r i n g m e m b u a n g t e l u r y a n g

m e n g a p u n g ; m e n a g k a p d a n m e m b u a n g h i d u p -

h i d u p .


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3 4 | P a g e

U l a r : M e n y e r a n g b e n i h d a n i k a n k e c i l .

P e n g e n d a l i a n : l a k u k a n p e n a n g k a p a n ;

p e ma g ar a n k o la m.

L i n g s a n g M e m a k a n i k a n p a d a m a l a m h a r i .

P e n g e n da l i a n : p a s a n g j e b a k a n b e r u m p u n .

B u r u n g M e m a k a n b e n i h y a n g b e r w a r n a

m e n y a l a s e p e r t i m e r a h , k u n i n g .

P e n g e n d a l i a n : d i b e r i p e n g h a l a n g b a m b u a g a r

s u p a y a s u l i t m e n e r k a m ; d i b e r i r u m b a i -

r u m b a i a t a u t a l i p e n g h a l a n g .

I k a n g a b u s M e m a n g s a i k a n k e c i l .

P e n g e n d a l i a n : p i n t u m a s u k a n a i r d i b e r i

s a r i n g a n a t a u d i b u a t b a k f i l t e r.

B e l u t d a n k e p i t i n g P e n g e n d a l i a n : l a k u k a n

p e na n g k a pa n.

2 . P e n y a k i t

B i nt i k m e r a h ( W h i t e s p o t )

G e j a l a : p a d a b a g i a n t u b u h ( k e p a l a , i n s a n g ,

s i r i p ) t a m p a k b i n t i k - b i n t i k p u t i h , p a d a


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3 5 | P a g e

i n f e k s i b e r a t t e r l i h a t j e l a s l a p i s a n p u t i h ,

m e n g g o s o k - g o s o k k a n b a d a n n y a p a d a b e n d a

y a n g a d a d i s e k i t a r n y a d a n b e r e n a n g s a n g a t

l e m a h s e r t a s e r i n g m u n c u l d i p e r m u k a a n

a i r. P e n g e n d a l i a n : d i r e n d a m d a l a m l a r u t a n

M e t h y l e n e b l u e 1 % ( 1 g r a m d a l a m 1 0 0 c c

a i r ) l a r u t a n i n i d i a m b i l 2 - 4 c c d i c a m p u r 4

l i t e r a i r s e l a m a 2 4 j a m d a n D i r e n d a m

d a l a m g a r a m d a p u r N a C l s e l a m a 1 0 m e n i t ,

d o s i s 1 - 3 g r a m / 1 0 0 c c a i r.

B e n g k a k i n s a n g d a n b a d a n

( M y x o s p o r e s i s ) G e j a l a :

t u t u p i n s a n g s e l a l u t e r b u k a o l e h b i n t i k

k e m e r a h a n , b a g i a n p u n g g u n g t e r j a d i

p e nd a r a h a n. P e ng e nd a l ia n ; p e nge r i ng a n

k o l a m s e c a r a t o t a l , d i t a b u r k a p u r t o h o n

2 0 0 g r a m / m 2 , b i a r k a n s e l a m a 1 - 2 m i n g g u .

C a c i n g i n s a n g , s i r i p , k u l i t ( D a c t y p o g y r u s

d a n g i r o d a c t y l o g y r u s ) G e j a l a : i k a n t a m p a k

k u r u s , s i s i k k u s a m , s i r i p e k o r k a d a n g -

k a d a n g r o n t o k , i k a n m e n g g o s o k - g o s o k k a n

b ad a n n ya p ad a be n d a k e r a s d is ek it a r n ya ,

t e r j a d i p e n d a r a h a n d a n m e n e b a l p a d a


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37/39

3 7 | P a g e

t e r s e r a n g d i r e n d a m d e n g a n M G O 2 - 3

g r a m / m 3 s e l a m a 1 j a m .

G a t a l ( Tr i c h o d i n i a s i s ) M e n y e r a n g b e n i h

i k a n . G e j a l a : g e r a k a n l a m b a n ; s u k a

m e n g g o s o k - g o s o k a n b a d a n p a d a s i s i

k o l a m / a q u a r i u m . P e n g e n d a l i a n : r e n d a m

s e l a m 1 5 m e n i t d a l a m l a r u t a n f o r m a l i n

1 5 0 - 2 0 0 p p m .

B a k t e r i p s e d o m o n a s f l u r e s c e n s P e n y a k i t

y a n g s a n g a t g a n a s . G e j a l a : p e n d a r a h a n d a n

bo bo k pad a k u l i t ; s i r ip eko r t e r k ik is .

P e n g e n d a l i a n : p e m b e r i a n p a k a n y a n g

d i c a m p u r o x y t e t r a c y c l i n e 2 5 - 3 0 m g / k g

i k a n a t a u s u l a f a m e r a z i n e 2 0 0 m g / k g i k a n

s e l a m a 7 h a r i b e r t u r u t - t u r u t .

B a k t e r i A e r o mo n a s pu n c t a t a P e n y a k i t y a n g

s a n g a t g a n a s . G e j a l a : w a r n a b a d a n s u r a m ,

t i d a k c e r a h ; k u l i t k e s a t d a n m e l e p u h ; c a r a

b e r na fa s me n g ap - me n g ap ; k a nt o ng e m p ed u

g e m b u n g ; p e n d a r a h a n d a l a m o rg a n h a t i

d a n g i n j a l . P e n g e n d a l i a n : p e n y u n t i k a n

c h l o r a m p h e n i c o l 1 0 - 1 5 m g / k g i k a n a t a u

s t r e p t o m y c i n 8 0 - 1 0 0 m g / k g i k a n ; p a k a n


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3 8 | P a g e

d i c a m p u r t e r r a m i c i n e 5 0 m g / k g i k a n

s e l a m a 7 h a r i b e r t u r u t - t u r u t .

3 . 6 P a n e n

U n t u k m e n a n g k a p / m e m a n e n i k a n h a s i l

p e mb e s a r a n u mu mn ya d i la k uk a n p a n e n t o t a l . U mu r

i k a n m a s y a n g d i p a n e n b e r k i s a r a n t a r a 3 - 4 b u l a n

d e n g a n b e r a t b e r k i s a r a n t a r a 4 0 0 - 6 0 0 g r a m / e k o r.

P a n e n t o t a l d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n c a r a m e n g e r i n g k a n

k o l a m , h i n g g a k e t i n g g i a n a i r t i n g g a l 1 0 - 2 0 c m . P e t a k

p e ma n e n a n/ p e t ak p e n a ngk ap a n d ib u a t se lu as 2 me t e r

p e r s eg i d i d ep a n p i nt u p e ng e lu a r a n ( mo n n ik ) ,

s e h i n g g a m e m u d a h k a n d a l a m p e n a n g k a p a n i k a n .

P e m a n e n a n d i l a k u k a n p a g i h a r i s a a t k e a d a a n t i d a k

p a na s d e ng a n me n g g u n ak a n wa r i n g a t a u sc o o p n e t ya n g

h a l u s . L a k u k a n p e m a n e n a n s e c e p a t n y a d a n h a t i - h a t i

u n t u k m e n g h i n d a r i l u k a n y a i k a n .


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D a ft a r P u s t a k a

A n o n i m . B u d i d a y a I ka n M a s ( C yp r i n u s ca r p i o ) . 1 2 D e s e m b e r 2 0 1 5 . h t t p : / / w w w. w a r i n t e k . r i s t e k . g o. i d / p e r i k a n a n/ a i r % 2 0 t a w a r / m a s. p d f

B a z h ar a h i l , F h a d l o n . , H e n d r i k , R a m l i , M u h a m m a d. 2 0 1 4 . A N A L I S I S US A H A I KA N M A S P A DA KOL A M

A I R DE R A S DI KE L U R A HA N B A L A I GA DA N G KE CA M A T A N K OT O T A NG A H KOT A P A D A N G PR O VI NS I S UM A T E R A B A R A T. U n i v e r s i t a s R i a u . R i a u

S a n t o s o , B u d i. 1 9 9 3 . P e t u n j u k p r ak t i s : B u d i da y ai k a n m a s . Yo g y a k a r t a : K a n is i u s

S u s e n o , D j o k o . 1 9 9 9 . P en g e l o l a a n u sa h a p emb e n i h a n i k a n ma s . J a k a r t a : P e n e b a r S w a d a ya .

Ta n p ar i , J u n a i d i . , M u t h y, H a f i i z h . , M e l i a n a . 2 0 1 4. B u d i d a ya I k a n M a s ( C yp r i n u s ca r p i o ) p a da Ko l a m

A i r De ra s . J a k a r t a

budidaya ikan mas (cyprinus carpio) pada kolam air deras

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