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BHOCI4TEII: Aruxa Me4rn 6tnrapun OO,[o 2008 De AGOSTINI Hellaso 2003 K.K. De AGOSTINI JAPAN

ISSN:1791-4256

CHilMKT: Uniphoto Press, De Agostini Picture Library

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xpaHa, a xenaHreTo uM e Aa xuBeflT KaTO AbpBeTarar rpeBara, uepnefixu xpaHilrerHu Bet4ecrBa caMo

or npupoAara. Haxpan Aocrilrar Ao creneH, BKofro eAhHcTBeHara nM xpaHa 3a qFrl AeH ecaMo eAHo nnoAqe xunan. Cneg no4o6ennpo4bnxureneH nocr (e rcrnHcxnR cltl,l-

c'bn Ha ra3il 4yua) cnnHoro HFKora rnro HaCugxapra 3anpurr4qBa Ha MyMt4fl.

) Acxer s ropara -r:o6paxenue, xoeto uttHanoMHfl 3a BpeMero,roero CngxapranpeKapBa B YpyBena.

^ Kaprrua, n:o6pa:neaulaChAXapra tr cn'brHt4tltrTe MY noBpeMe Ha lrecrroAuuHl4f hMxilBoT Ha acKeTn B TbpceHe HanpocBeTneHfie.

Ho etnperu qe npeKapBa rorlKoBa BpeMeB nocr 14 oBnaAfiBa AO C-bBbpUeHCTBO t43Ky-

crBoro Ha MeAhrallilfra, Totl Bce oqe He ycnfBaAa nocr!4rHe npocBerneHile. O6neqeH B Apvnu,

KOT4TO B3eMa OT MbprBeq, no BpeMe Ha n'bnHo-nyHt4e A HoBonyHhe, Kofaro cnopeA BflpBaHh-RTa Ce CnyqBaryxacHvl ueqa, roil qecTo MeAh-Tnpa HacpeA HflKoe rpo6t4ule - npaKrilKa, npr-

naraHa no oHoBa BpeMe oT acKeThTe.Cngxapra He cnilpa cBoure MeArraquil, He3a-

Br4Cr4MO qe He e B CbCTOfHile Aa nocThrHeuenra cfl. CleA raro BoAt4 To3t4 HaquH Haxr4Bor B npoAbnxeHue Ha uecr foAAHtA, rovcTilra Ao 3aKnoqeHueTo, qe 3HaHnflTa, KOI4TOe HaTpynan Ao To3t4 MOMeHI He ca B cbcTofl-Hue Aa My noMorHaTAa nocrt4fHe npocBeTne-

Hile il creAoBaTerHo He rpf6Ba Aa ce npono-BRABaT Karo raKuBa. Bcnqrnre My ycvnt n ce oKa3BarxBbpneHfi Hanpa3Ho. Ha rpaHuqara MexAy xt4Borat4 cM'bprra il3HeMoulenrfr acKer nonyqaBa KyntlqKaMrflKo or eAilH oBqap, rofiro MuHaea ua6nueo' KaroHe BnxAa cMhcbfl B roBa 4a npoAbnxaBa 6esnnoA-Hure cil ycnnwq, Cugxapra peuaBa Aa nocneABa 3ail3BeCTHO BpeMe OBqapR, 3a Aa MOXe nocreneHHoAa Bb3BbpHe cunvre cu. Koraro o6aqe no-KbcHo ceBpbqa npu nerilMara cu cnbTHilqh 3ApaB h crneH,Te ca pa3oqapoBaHh. Crunral qe rotZ HanbnHo t13o-craBf o6yqeHreTo ct4 il pa3rHeBeHu ro HanycKar.Cera Cra4xapra e eAuHcrBeHtAAr, Koitro ocraBa Aa cecKura B ropara Ypyaena.

, ':1- -'l' ,1 ','tirtii::ffi&$*ii},ri ;C.i:t!irr.l&S,a;$;.

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llonBara Ha SyRarloeeKbr cbc cr.rrnara aypaB troto cEJIo HAFJII43O xilBee Cygxara, AbqepflHa :aMoxHo cel eficreo. Mna4ara xeHa e 6perraeHHah ce Monr Ha 6ora Ha e,qHo 6aHsHoeo 4upeo (caeqenQhryc, Ficus religiosa) Aa fl Aapr cbc cr4H, raro o6e-ulaBa ronflMo nilpuecrBo, aro uon6ara rl 6uge ra:nrn-HeHa. ,Qupeoro, noA Koero rfl ce Mont4, uMa MorbulcTBOfi r4 CilnHil KOpeHU, KOT4TO Ce pa3npocTt4paT il HaA3eMHaTa noB-bpxHocT, il e cMfTaHo 3a [peBHo t4 cBe-rqeHo Mflcro. He cne4 4unro Cy4xara paxAa 3ApaBoMoMrreHqe u BffpHa Ha o6eqaHrero cr4, 3anoqBa AanphrorBn flcrvfl3a 6ora Ha AbpBoro. HeilHr cucenRHui cuo6qaeal qe oKono AbpBoro ce noflBffBa HFKaKBacrpaHHa aypa il Tn ce BTypBa narau. Ona:u cyrpr4H6nr,r:o go AbpBoro rfl Br4xAa Mtx c r43KnroqilTerHoapxa aypa. XeHara e yBepeHa, qe AlDcbr Ha A'bpBoro ceBbnrrbulaBa B To3r4 Mbxt 14 KorreHilqr a 6naroroeeHilenpeg Hero. Tn yceula cilnHoro il3n-bqBaHe Ha aypara HacroFrlll4F npeA Hefl.

Cy4xara xa:ea: "Benhro cbulecrBo, qoBeK ilnu6oxecreo, npneMu, MorF Te, Te3n AapoBe il HeKa ren4 noMorHar Aa ocbulecrBl4u npeAHaqepranoro'iclreA Koero ocraBff xeprBonpuHoueHilFra cra (xpaua

u unnxo) noA AbpBoro.Or moueHra, e rofiro Cra4xapra

ocb3HaBa, qe He Moxe Aa nocTilrHevcrnHara, Bcr4LtKo cHKau ce 3aABfixBa.Torl ce hgrtnBa, Bp'bu{a ce Ha cBoeroMFCTO il 3a nOCneAeH nbT Beqepn KaTOvoeer, xorlro rbpcr npocBerneHile.

Camoro npocBerneHile npeAcra-ennea 6op6a c pa3nilqHilre BilAoBeKapMa. To moxe 4a 6rge nocrilr-Haro caMo or ro3u, rotlro ce crpeMuncKpeHo u nacroir.ltrtgo KbM Hero ilxofiro nprrexaBa KaKro AID(oBHa, TaKau Su:uuecra cnna. Cne4 Karo r3nuBaMnflKoro, Cu4xapra oruBa Aa nonnyBa B peKara, Ka3-eahrv cn:'i..aro orrprn vcrvHara, a3 ule cbM Karoxopa6, xoilro ce ABnxn cpeqy reveuraero'i

Koraro n3pr4qa re3n.qyMu, ce cnyqBa Heu{o crpaHHo-

rofi 4erZcreurerHo ce noHacfl cpeu.ly reqeHilero.Cnycxa ce 3ApaLt n Cugxapra orilBa Aa cil noqilHe noA

AbpBoro Ha npocBerreHilero.Torl cr npeAcraBfl KaKrpe-Bara npoKnilHa roar, roilro fl xbHe. Cne4 roea 3anoqBa

^ MnaAa xeHa AaBa xeprBeHrl4apoee Ha 6ygrcrxn uouax. Tt'titxaro 6y4a nonyqaBa npocBerneHnecKopo cneA xaro Cy4xara my 4aaacBoure AapoBe, Toea 4erlcrenecraBa rpaAL4r-lrn e 6y4nsna.

> XpaM, n3,qilrHar Ha Mflcroro,frAero 6yAa nonyqaBanpocBeTaeHt4eTo.

Pasru{qHall.lAKt4f no-KbcHo

Ctnpyrara t ct H'br xa Cra4xapra, xonro rorlLr3OCTaBff, Cbt4O CTaBaT HerOBn nOCIeflOBaTefi U,xoraro tofr ce npeBpbqa a 6yga. 6e:6pofi ntrra6neuunr npurq orcflAa B cBofl rpa4 Kannnaeaqy,AoKaro ce cKilTa, ocrqecreneafiKu npeAHaqepra-HOrO, HO B HaqaflOTO XOpaTa Ce CrpaxyBaTAa npu-eMar n4eure My. Cneg xaro o6uxann rpa4a, 6ponrHa nocneAoBarenilre My ce yBenuqaBa, a cpeflrnx ca cbnpyrara u cyrHbr my. Bcrquocr a Hava-noro 6y4a orKa3Ba Aa npueMa 3a cBot4 yqeHuqhu nocneAoBarenu xeHn, nopa4u $axra qe re caB CbCTOfHile Aa OTKnOHflT MbApeqa OT nbTg HanpocBerreHuero. Harpan Bce naK ce cbtracflBa,KaTO h3l4CKBa OT yqeHullr/Te Ch MbXe Aa Ce OTHa-cflT c yBaxeHue KbM xeHilTe u no To3n HaquHycnnBa Aa nprao6qra KbM rpynara cBou nocneAo-Barenr u cbnpyraTa cu.

Cnrtr niry cbr4o HanycKa AoMa cu il craBaHeroB nocnegoBarerr eABa ua 9-ro4utuna erl-pacr. 9yecrsafiKu ecrecrBeHoro cu npeBb3xo[-crBo, Karo cuH ua 6y4a, HaA ocraHanhre yqe-Hl4ql4, MoMqero qecro ce ornacn rpy6o KbM Tflx,roero 6aqa My or cBofl crpaHa He npueMa u Heogo6pnea. Tofr ornpaBF rexKn yKopr4 KbM cuHacu, cneA KoeTo MoMqeTo ce npeBpbuJa B efluHor xafi-go6prare My yqeHuqil.

3a ctxaneure npuxr/Be 6y4a crasa csu-AeTen Ha 3aBraAflBaHeTo Ha ponilHaTa My orapMutra Ha cbceAHoro qapcrBo. llpuvuxarasa roea crr6urue e cKpilTa B MuHaIoTo, KoraTonphHqeca or qapcrBo Uarran rpn6ea ga ceoMbxu 3a BnaAeTenfl Ha cbceAHoTo qapcrBou fla craHe HeroBa qapilqa. Ho eMecro HeRor Ularrn il3npau{ar npeo6leveua po6uun,.twhto cwu no-KbcHo craBa qap. Koraro Hay-qaBa ilcTnHaTa 3a cBofl npoh3xoA; To3yl BIafle-Ten e ToItKoBa pa3rHeBeH, qe peuaBa Aa 3alilqilHanbIHo oT nuqeTo Ha 3eMFTa qFnoTo qapcrBo[.laxnR :aegHo c HaceneHuero My.

^ Kaprnua or myaei a 6epnur, r:o6pa:neaqanocerarercrBoro HaA ocraHKrre Ha 6yga cnegHeroBaTa cMbpr.


Aa Me[L]T/rpa. B3npavKvt ce Ha il3ToK, v t/13aa+a B cbcToF-Hile, npil KoeTo Ay)GT My cflKau ce orAe,lF or rFrloTo.

Cnopeg nereH4ara AeMoH'br Mapa ce onl4rBa rtoBcFKaKbB HaqilH Aa nonpeLttl na Syna 4a nocrl4rHenpocBerreHile. TorZ raanpar4a na Ciraxapra peArqat/t3KyueHilF c HaAexAara, qe roBa I re To oTKloHt4 oTcrp6ara, Konro cne4Ba. Tor ce onrrBa Aa My pa3-Kpile oTcbcTBileTo Ha BcFKaKBa HaAexAa B L-ll4Kbna ornpepaxAaH/rfl: B'b3MoxHocrra !a nonaAHeu 3aBn-Harvr B KpbroBpaTa Ha BpeMeHHoTO 14 CMbpTTa.Bcuuluocr AeMoHbr hcKa Aa ro y6e4ra, veHflMa Haq14H Aa Ce t43re3e oT To3t4 LlilKbn.

3a !a nocrr rge Llet LlTe cL4 tA B onvrtAre cvlga ro c'u6ra:Hn, Mapa npreMa pa3nnLiHvlQoprvra, BK/'roq/TerHo t4 Ha KpacilBil xeHfi.Ho uee-u:tr.lyrt4M npvt BilAa Ha re3il ti3Ky-ueHilF, cra4xapra npogbnxaBa Aa MeAu- 1Til pa, n peoAo nflBawKvl Bctl t l Kl4 tA3nvTaHvA.llo6exgaaataxil qoBeulKilTe cil xeraHtln/ :"oceo6o4eu or nopilBvrre il xertaHilflTa HanrbTTa il cneA Abnril foAtAHVt, npeKapaHilB T-bpceHe, rofi sarT-nocle ycnflBa Aa cetA3BnCVt HaA Kp-broBpara or noBTapFU-Iil cexr/rBoT l4 cMbpT, Aa nocTilrHe HupBaHa M Aace npeB-bpHe e 6yga.

AbpBo or cbqilr BilA, orxoriro e r ppeeroro AbpBo,noA Koero 6yAa nonyqaBan pocBeTneHile.

i i"ji

' 6yAa ueAurupa noA AbPBoro

Ha npocBerneH nero. CtqecraYaar6es6poft il3o6paxeHilff Ha ra3n cLleHaB pa3nnqHil cTnnoBe.

B ro:r morllerr rorTr oclsHaea, Lle ycnflBa Aa tz36erHecaMcapa (qr,rxr,ra or npepaxAaHrR) ra ve caerul xolroHv3ao6ttKan+, HFMa Hl,4KaKBa crotlHocr. Cneg ruegrra-qHflra 6yEa He HanycKa BeAHafa Mflcroro cl4 noA A'bp-Boro Ha npocBerneHMero. ll:nrrnHeH c 6naro4apHocr3a TOBa, qe LIMeHHO TyK 3a nbpBvl nbT nocTtlra Hlp-BaHa, TOfi peuaBa Aa ocTaHe ouJe M3BeCTHO BpeMe HaTOBa MflCTO, BMeCTO Aa Ce B-bpHe BeAHara KbM npe-

ALAuHt fl cvr xr4Bor'. llorpati Hero MtiHaBar ABaMa r"bp-roBllr4 14 Toft cnoEenfi c rflx npexilBflBaHero ch. Te

ca 3aBnaAeH[4 OT pa3Ka3a My M no c-bu]ecrBocraBar n-bpBt4 rc 6y pnctrtt.

Koraro Haft-nocne ce Bp-bula npil cbnpy-raTa M npil ct|Ha cv, KaKTo cvl o6eu.laBanpegil BpeMe, Eyga (Cragxapra TayraMa) e Ha35 rogrun.

Kaneo ce c!'Iyr{Ba rIoA AT'PBoroHa rrpocBerJleHIreToCneg xaro nonyqaBa AapoBere, 6yga ceBp'bula npil peKara. C qRnoro cvl cbulecrBorofi uyecrea, ,re Ha6nilxaea MoMeHT-br HanpocBeTneHileTo.

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YntrtqoxaBaHero Ha Ula KnfrYpoqure Ha JrorycaHe:eeliclalu{o or ycr4ltr4flrA Ha AeMoHa Mapa,6yga ycnnea Aa nocn4rHe npocBerreHue noA Abp-eoro 6ogxr. Cera uy npeAcrot4 HoBa Milcrlff: AaAOBeAe AO Cb3HaHileTO Ha BCflKO MhCneUlO C-bule-CTBO Ha Ta3il 3eMf CMr4C-bra Ha npocBeTfleHneTo flBb3MoxHocrra, KoRTo ro AaBa, la oceo6ox4aeaHeor caMcapa, c HaAexAara, qe il ApyfnTe cbulecrBa Haceofi peg Morar Aa nocrurHar HilpBaHa. Ho orxtgeAa 3anoqHe...

6y4a cnnpa, 3a Aa MeAill4pa Ao eAHo elepo. l1oBOEHaTa nOBbpXHOCT npeA HerO Ce HOCRT L4BeTOBeTeHa pacreHilero noroc u rofi uree4Hbx ocb3HaBa, LleBCb|{HOCT nO-rOIffMaTa qacT oT qBeTeTo e cKpuTanoA BoAaTa, MaKap qe KaTo fo ueAa qoBeK. ocTaBac norpeuiHoTo BneqaTrreHile/ qe BilxAa qFnoTo pac-reHme. Cneg Karo [bnro na6nngaea re3r4 qBeroBe,B Cb3HaHUeTO My Bb3Hr4KBa MilCbrrTa, qe Bcbt4HocTcBerbr e nbneH c xopa, Kor4To uMar HyxAa Hnxofi gaHM pa3Kpile vcruHara ga eao6uxarRqara ru 4erZcr-BhrenHocr. {eernra ce paxgar a 4un6nnrre Ha e3e-poTo 14 oTqaffHo ce cTpeMRT KbM noBbpXHOCTTa,Kbgero Aa parquQnar. llo4o6no Ha rffx 14 xopara rbp-cflr cBofl nur. Aro 6u4ar nacrpveHil Aopr4 il MarKo,rexHilflr AyxoBeH cBflr qe pasqrQne B npeKpacHuqBeroBe. Ho axo 3a Heulacrile ce orKnoHRT or cBoFnbI' re3u qBeroBe ule 3atHilfll npeAil Aa ycneFr AacThrHaT Ao cnbHqeBilTe llbqil.

6y4a ce ornpaBfl xuru Bapauac[. Or6ilea ce e

flapra Ha eneHa, 3a Aa ce cpeulHe c HflKor4 or cra-pilTe cil npvarentt, cpep Kor4To e r KayHgrHn. Te can3HeHaAaH[ OT nOfBaTa My il B HaqaloTo ce oTHacflTc npeHe6pexeHile KbM Hero.

"Tn nn cv onn layraua, roriro rerp4r,r, qe e acxer?"Te ece oqe ne pa:6r,rpar sar4o Cragxapra peluaBa

Aa ce orAenfi or rpynara B ropara Ypyeera. Ho cxopoacKeTrTe ocb3HaBaT, qe cneA KaTo ce pa3Aenfl c Tflx,roft nocrura HHBo Ha no3HaHhe, c Koero sr,rxotl orrFX He Moxe Aa ce cpaBHflBa. llpeg rFX He cror4 cra-pvflr vM Apyrap layraua, a eAilH npocaereH 6y4a,xofiro oxpnea ilcl4Hara. llagahxu Ha KoneHe nperqMbApeLla, Te fo MonfT Aa rM noKaxe nbTff KbM Ta3UvcTwHa il KoraTo 3anoqBaT cTbnKa no cTbnKa Aa ce4o6nmxaear go Hefl, BcrlqKu qfleHoBe Ha rpynara cra-Bar HeroBLr nocnegoBarenr. KaaaHo meraQopravHo,crapilTe My Apyrapil, o3apeHil or cBeTrilHara, KoFrouM noKa3Ba 5y4a, ca Karo qBera Ha noroca, pasqtS-Bau4 noA cflbHqeBilTe rbLtn Ha noBbpxHocTTa.

B Kaura.naBarrlyCneg raro KayHgraHn il ocraHanure craBar HefoBr4

nocrepoBarenr, rpynara ua 6ygncrxvtre MoHac[(canrxa) 6tpro ce pa3pacrBa. Caurxa e o6uluocr orMoHacr4, o6e4rneuu or npilHqilnhre Ha cBeu.leHoroyqeHne. TRxHara qen e Aa ce npr,ro6r4nr KbM yqeHil-ero na 5yga, a cneA ToBa, nponoengeafiKil ro, Aa roHanpaBflr AocroflHne Ha Apyr?rre w aa ceoh pe4 Ea

v Mrcroro, ra xoero 6y4a :anr'PBr n'bT nPonoan4ea. Toficn rpbrBa onyK, nphApyxeHoT nocnerqoBaTenuTe cu, 3aAa pa3npocTpaHeBa cBoeroyqeHue 3a npocBeTfl eHneTo,KOeTO nOnyqaBa,


ce cTpeMFT Aa nocTilrHaT npocBeTfieHhe KaTo yqt4-Tenf cu. Ero :aqo re c FonflMo xeraHr4e cneABar5y4a, xu4ero il Aa orilAe rorZ, n nponoBnABar Hero-BaTa ucrilHa Ha xopara, Kol4To Ao ro3l4 MoMeHT He caqyBanu 3a Heff. Ha pox4enran cH AeH qap Cy4xo4auaHayqaBa, qe cuH'br My craBa 5yga, rovno KaKTo My enpe4peqeHo npeAil MHoro roA!4Hr4. llpu rarr HoBilHarorl urrnpaqa cBov cnyru npr Eyga, monetixr ro gace BbpHe e Kanrnaeaqy r Aa nponoBflABa Ha Hero-BhF HapoA. Ho nponoaegra Ha MbApeqa e ronKoBa3aBnaAfBaula/ qe Koraro cnyrnTe fo cnyuar il3BecrHoBpeMe, Te ra6paanr :a nbpBoHaqarH ara qA Mvtcva v 3aqapcKoro npeAnoxeHhe, Koero My HocFr.

E4ea 4ecerunr qapcKl4 npareHilK Kanynahu, xoinoe npuFTenRT Ha Eyga or AercKure My ro1tAHwt ycnflBaEa npeAaAe npeAnoxeHilero. Mt4peqtr npneMa AanponoBflABa e Kanilnaeaury, Ho ocraBa pa3oqapo-BaH or npreMa B pogHt4fl cil rpa4. Ct6rrrpa ce orpoMHarbnna, uABau.la He ronKoBa Ea qye HefoBara nponoBeA,KonKoro AaBtAAtA caMilfl Eyga, roitro Hqrora e eAilH orrqx. Onilreafixil ce Aa Hacoqr BHuMaHilero Ha ct6pa-HUTe XOpa K-bM vlCTl4HCKaTa npilqfiHa 3a npncbcTBl4-ero ilM ram, rofi n3BbpuJBa qyAo, Karo ce il3Ailra B-bBB'b3Ayxa.

Cru{ara eevep Hafi-nocre ycnflBa Aa HanpaBil roBa,Koero ornara or ceAeM foAVlHtA - Ea BVAI4 CtAHa CtAPaxyna. Ho rrfr Karo B KaqecrBoro ct4 Ha 6yga rofi cen3BtACFBa HaA BCt4qKO, KaCaeUlO 3eMHilfl XilBOI HeBb3npueMa Aerero raro ceofi ct/H, a no-cKopo KaroqoBeuKo cbu.lecTBo, Koero uMa HyxAa or noMoqraMy, 3a Aa HaMepvr cBofl nbr. l-onRua qacr or 6orar-crBara Ha qapfl ca pa34aAeHh. Toea 4o u3BecrHa cre-neH HaManflBa Moulra Ha cTpaHara h rf cKopo craBarecHa nfirqKa 3a cbceflilTe, no ta Eyga MarepilanHoro6orarcreo Ha qapcrBoro He e rorKoBa BaxHo, KolrKoroAyxoBHoro 6orarcreo il npocBerneHilero Ha xopara,KOI4TO XUBEflT B HCTO.

^ lzl:o6paxesre Ha cqeHr orxuBora Ha 6yga e xpaua "BarCysapanau" a Tatlnaxp.

,( CxynnrypHor,r:o6paxenue Ha 6y4a,:ao6uxoneH or pa3nncHr4pyrr 6oxecrsa.

AA Cl4 nPOnOBEAHI4K E 'IECHO5y4a npexapsa 45 to1vtHtA orxl4Bora cu Karo nponoBeAnur, xofrro nocoqBa Ha xopara nbrn

KbM Hl4pBaHa n oKa3Ba orpoMHo BnvtAHVe stpxy ctg6ure Ha re3!4, c Kotrro ce cper4a. Oqenpe3 nbpBara roAuHa Ha HeroBara rwtcva 2 000 gyuru HanycKar AoMoBere cil, 3a Aa ro cneg-ear. Bcuqxn re craBar vacr or o6qnocrra Canrxa. Yqeruero na 6yga noMara Ha MHo3hHa AarpbrHar no nbrr Ha npocBerneHuero. Xenanuero My Aa nponoBfpBa ficrnHara ro Kapa Aa ceorAaneqaBa Ha orpoMHu pa3croffHr4n or 6ogx Fan - uRctoro, KbAero nonyqaBa cBoero npo-cBerreHue. B uaLuu 4nn e Bb3MoxHo fla ce il3MuHar c BnaK 320 KM caMo 3a qerupl4 qaca, Hono oHoBa BpeMe cbu{oro pa3croflHile ce u3MIrHaBa nelua 3a flecer AHvl. flo epeme Ha nbpBoronlryBaHe, roero Syga u MaflKara rpyna oKono Hero npeflnpfieMar, KbM Ttx ce npilcbefluHflBar60 4yuLra c pa3nuqHo coqranHo nonoxenne. Te c$optuupar nbpBara rpyna or noKnoHHhqn.

B Haqanoro Ha roAuHara BpeMero ne 6naronpunrcrBa rexHvrre nbreulecrBl.4fl, Ho roBa Herm o6e:rypaxaea. CaHrxa ce cnilpar Ha pegilqa ttecra,4o6meaqil no-KbcHo rornMa nony-nflpHocl Karo HanpuMep 6am6yroeara ropl4qKa Pa4xaraxa e CesepourrovHa lzlsArR, rtAerorornrvr 6pofi xopa ce ct6r,rpa1 3a Aa cnyuar nponoBeflure ula. Toea Mflcro hMa oco6eno sua-qeHue il 3a caMufl 6y4a, ruil Karo rpynara ce Bpbqa e roru pafion nafi-ttanxo 20 ntru u mxo-3ilHa uMeHHo ryK npueMar rflxHoro yqeHhe, Parmex4afixr 6y4rrr:rvra Karo qnno, qoBeK MoxeAa ocraHe c BneqarneHhero, qe Milct4oHepcrBoro e uafr-necuata qacr or Hero.

PasnilqHa

^ Pyrxu or maracrupa'.[xnaaxampaaaHa'i Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou

Cts4aren Ha erqHa HoBa pen nfnflIlpene6pernaftxu fiepapxunraKero cb3[Aru1 Ha HoBo perilruo3Ho yqeHue,6yga ce crpemvr ga npuro6qu KbM Hero KonKoro MoxenoBeqe xopa. Ho xopara, Kor4ro no3HaBar crporaraiepapxuvna cilcreMa npra Epaxman, vcKar Aa cb3Aa-4ar no4o6Ha v npu 6yguzrrrta. EpaxmaHnre (6parvrra-Hure) no4pex4ar qneHoBere Ha rrxHoro AyxoBeH-CTBO, KaTO 3anoqBaT C Br4CUlnTe CBeUleHOCnyXXTenil,Kor4ro pbKoBoAflT Bcr4LtKo, n npoA-bnxaBar 4o uafi-HU3UaTa CTeneH, KOFTO BKIilOrlBa 3aHUMaBat4nTe Ce CHati-vepHara pa6ora, cneABaHil or Mr4pflHhre.

llogo6Ha uon6a or crpaHa Ha nocregoBarerilTeMy He e ra npene6perBaHe, Ho 5y4a ne xenae Aa pa3-Aene no ro3il HaqilH xopara. Tot7t reup4n, qe BchqKrxlrBl4 cbr4ecTBa ca eAHaKBo BaXHil t4 Ce HyXAaflT OTnoMou.l. Cnope4 Hero BcflKaKBV onvrv Aa ce npaBytnogo6Ho pa3AeneHue Bb3 ocHoBa Ha coLluanHo-t4Ko-HoMhqecKoro nonoxeHne Ha xopara, Moxe Aa AoBeAeAO rOBa nocreAoBarenuTe My Aa He MoraT Aa orKpl4flTocHoBHilTe vcrvHvt. Kacroaara cilcreMa He no3BonflBaHa xopaTa Aa HacoqaT BHuMaHueTo cn KbM AyxoBHuTeLIeHHOCTT4 U nopaAil TOBa Tfl He HaMnpa MffCTO BbB$unoco$ranra Ha HoBoro yqeHue.

6y4a u rpynara CaHrxa npaBFT Bct4r{Ko Bb3MoxHoAa npoAbnxaT Aa nponoBRABaL HO TOBa e HerMo-BepHo TpyAHo npe3 AbxAoBHl4fl Ce3OH, KaKrO h noBpeMe Ha ropeqnHure or uaft go tonh. Toraaa 6yga ceorAaBa Ha MeA]4raqr8 B oqaKBaHe Ha noAxoAFulo 3anbryBaHe BpeMe, a HefoBl4 nocneAoBaTer[ My HOCFTAapoBe.

Toft o6[xHoeeHo nponoBflABa B roprre vnn rpa-AHHr4Te. l4Hrepecuo e Aa ce or6enexu, r{e aKo B HauJnAH14 cBlp3BaMe 6ygnrma c BenuqecrBeHn xpaMoBe, Tono BpeMero, Koraro xilBee 6y4a, roea ue e raxa. Torl unocreAoBaTerrTe My l4Mar Ha pa3nonoxeHile eA4H-crBeHo MarKr ropcKyt xonn6nt.

Xapnronrarra Ha HrrpBaHa9eruprare 6naropognu tlcrwHu r 6naropo4nunr

ocMoKpaTeH nbT.Aro nepcoHann3upare 6ora, qoeexa vnu Aopl1

He6ecara, u.le ce npeB-bpHere B 3aroxHyrllh Ha nMeHara Qopmra.

'Te ca e 3arBopa Ha co6creeHfire cil Bb3rneAyth HeqacTneTo B cBeTa oKono Tflx ful HaTbxaBa.

K &u[e rflTe

4 000-TOAUIXHATA UCTOPUfl HA nHAn fz XVHAyt43bMfirpeorauaruara penurnff, pa3npocrpaHeHa a lAupna

- xhHflyl43Mb1 uMa

4 000-rognurua ucropur 14 Ao rorrflMa creneH ce paaruvaea or 6yguarrlta. flonac-ToflqeM ce u3non3Bar v Apytu Ha3BaHufl, uo sari-qecro cpeqaHoro e xv*Ayu-:trvr. llossxora ra3u pennrvfl ce Hap[qa BegilqecKa rnu 6paxmaxn:rrm.

B ocHoeara Ha xilH4yl43Ma e BHyulurereH c6opxux or ceeqexn rexcroee. Tece Aenrr xa ,,lJJpyru" (paeKpilroro, vyroro) n ra,,Crupurra,, (eanomxexoro) u cepa3BilBar n o6orarRsar npe3 xhnflEonerunra. B rflx ce pa3rnex4ar Bbnpoct4,cBbp3aHu c reororylflTa, QranocoQr,rnra, Mylrofloruffra. Te ca nlroqnux naA)D(oBHo n03HaHue u csoeo6paeno pbKoBoAcrBo 3a npaKTuKyBaHe Ha AXapMa(saxoH ga perr,rruo3Hun xraeor). O6qonphero e craHoBilqero, qe tari-crapu vtHafi-gHaqil[rr4 or rnx ca,,Be4u" r,r ,,Ynauuwapu'i XnH4yu:rurrr e il3rpageH B.bpxyrBbp4e pa3Hopo4ta QranocoQcKa cncreMa, KoFTo BKrpqBa BFpBaHur, cBbp-3aHU C MOHOTeil3Ma, nofluTeu3Ma, naHeHTeh3Ma, naHTeh3Ma. MOHt43Ma il aTe-ugua. flounrora ce xapaKTepr3npa Karo npilMoreu3bM (egno 6oxecreoce npileMa 3a BbpxoBHo, Ho ce.qonycKa 4 cbqecrByBaHero Ha no-Hl43ult46oxecrea). Bcern or re3u repMilHl4 o6ave eogn cne4 ce6e cu eAHo xpafinoonpocrflBaHe Ha qerocrra n pa+roo6pa:uero, npucbu{I4 Ha ra3u peflnrufl.

flo-ronqMara qacr or xopara, u3noBnABa[qil xilH4yl43Ma, BrpBal qe Ap

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XenaHviRra vM rv npvrtlcKar ,4 re nonaAar B KanaHaHa co6creeHilTe cil Meql4; KaK Te3r xopa Morar Aa cetA3EtAfHar Hag co6creeHara cfi cyera?"

Harparro, cnopeA $ranoco$ranra ua 6ygnaua, axoocraHeu B nreH Ha co6creeHnre cil npeAcraBrl,HRMa Aa Cil B CbCTOFHile Aa nOCTilrHeU 3aBerHaTaqen: ficrilHara Ha "npocBerneurero'i Bc-uquocr cno-pep Syga ucrilHara, nocrilrHara 6er ycurme, e 6e:-none3Ha. TorTr paaxpuea npeg cnyuarenilTe cil KorKoTpyAeH e nbTflT KbM Ta3U qen, pa3Ka3Bataxu uv paz-nvqHt vcroptAtA.

"EgrH vux e ynyireH or orpoBHa crpena. Axo rotapeLun uarzr-ranpeA Aa HaKaxe B14HoBHr/Ka, xoraro ro

paHRBa/ u He il3BaAil cTpenaTa, npeAr/ Aa HanpaBilTOBa, OTpOBaTa Ule Ce pa3npocTpaHu no LlffnoTo Mytano u tott c-bc cilrypHocr qe ynpe'i

Ceerur e nbneH c 6onxa il crpagaHne. 6yga cmrra,qe BMecTo Ea ce T-bpcl4 npilqflHaTa 3a cTpaEaHilero,no-go6pe e Aa ce HaMepr HaqyrH Aa ce npeMaxHe rocaMoro. 6paunHnre B qapcKnn ABop or BeKoBe BoAffTAe6aril 3a cbulecrByBaHero Ha qoBeKa r 3a roBaKaKBo r4cKa qoBeqecrBoro, 6er 4a orKpr/rfr orroBopaHa grneMara: raxeo rpn6aa Aa ce HanpaBil, 3a Aa ceo6rexqr 6orrara or xueora? Syga Harvrr,rpa orroBopar yqeHilero rvry 6up:o ce pa3npocrpaHRea, rbn xaroce npL4eMa oT xopaTa.

) QparmeHr or cxyrnrypa, r:o6pa:nearqa6yAa tr HeroBh nocneAoBarenil.

ldt

^ 1,4:o6paxeHue Ha norBeHa 6yga B lHpur npe:XX e.

.!oraro roi e xn a,HrMa cb34aAeHq 6yp,ncrr,'TeKCTOBe, a nOCneAOBaTe,-,', :My npeAaBaT HefoBaTa$rroco$ur Ha noKofl eN'r!-:

t:

v Xopa, qaxaulz HacrdBneHrffTa Ha 6yAa.


) PynHn na xpan e,'l3To,rHa flnoHl/ln.

Ha Qo KycIllecrre 4o6po4ere.uuEraa uu yqtr{, qe nocryrraHero Ha npocBerne-Hhe e cB'bp3aHo c npileMaHero ua Qarra, qe cBerbre h3nbrHeH c rbra u crpaAaHile. Toea e xouqenqr-flra 3a"HenpeKbcHarara npounHa'i 3anflraqa B ocHo-Bara Ha 6ygralua. "Henpextcnarara npoMflHa" oEHa-'{aBa, qe B Kpafl Ha KpailqaTa Bcilr{Ko xl4Bo qe yMpe,roecr BcuqKo, Koero r,rrvra sopma, r4e 6r4e yHilU.to-xeHo. Hur.qo Ha ra3u 3eMfl He cbqecrByBa BeqHo n"Hur.qo ne npogbnxaBa eeqHo': llo roea BpeMe re3ilpa3c'bxAeHilfl Ha 6y4a ce cMflrar 3a KBa3uHayqHu nocbu{ecrBo. fohyuw xopara, qe npnpo4ara npoMeHflBcl,tqKo Ha 3eMflTa 6es ilgxnpqeHue.

B ro:u xnaol c rofiro Bhe eAnH AeH cbc cilryp-HOCT Ule Ce pa3AenilTe, BCFKa npilBbp3aHOCT KbMHFKofl uAefl ilnil xelraHile nopaxAa crpagaure. 3a gace uz6aen or HenpeKbcHaro noBrapfluloro ce crpa-AaHre, qoBeK rpn6aa Aa npileMe $axra, ve Heqara cao6exr Ha npoMflHa or crpaHa Ha 6oxecreenoro npo-BmAeHile u Aa ce oTbpBe oT xenaHnflTa il 3aBncilMo-cr[Te cn. Talw u1ea 3a "HenpeKbcuarara npouRHa"eB Cb3Byqre c Apyrilre ABe ilAeil - Aa ce oTpeqeu orcBoero "as" (epu:rrare c ocraHarhfl cBFT Morar Aa ceoKaxar npevxa) r Aa nocl4rHeu HilpBaHa (cnegeararuTnxara nbreKa, KoffTo ule nporoHl4 cumHeHrRra rn).

Bcuqxr re3r4 hAeh ca QyHgarvreHra nn[ za 6yguztta.Te:r rpn ncrAHtA HaMMpar il3pa3 qpe3 "rprre snaraHa 4xapua".

Cpe4nunr nrrYqeHuero na Syga Moxe Aa ce o6scHrrr nara-go6pe

vpes SranocoQnnra ta "cpeAHilfl nur'i ,[a rr6epeurcpeAHufl nbT He e npoflBa Ha HepeuHrenHocl a no-cKopo yMeHile Aa ce n3grrHeu HaA npoTr4BopeqilRTa.

"l-onsu 6porl xopa ca o6rerr or Mr4c'brra AantaHeulara cbulecrByBar t+nA He. Axo npurexasare Hyx-H4Te 3HaH[fl 14 CTe B CbCTOFHile Aa nOqyBCTBaTexfiBora oKoro Bac, Bne qe cre y6e4eHn, qe Heu]aracbulecrByBar. flo cuqrn HaquH/ aKo ocb3HaBare, qeBcvqKu Heula ca o6peueHu Ha cMbp1, qe cre HaflcHo,qe BcbulHocr re He cbulecreyaar. HarparKo Ka3aHo,Aa ce rB'bpAr4, qe Heqo cbqecrByBa tAnv He cbu{ecT-ByBa, e norpeuHo. !a nponoer4eau 6oxecreeHorocTaHoBilule 3a HenpheMaHe Ha HnTo eAHo oT Te34TBbpAeHilr, o3HaqaBa Aa cno4enfu Qranoco$rnra ra"cpegnran nrr'i

Cnope4 Ey4a, aro Bb3np[eMau n1enra sa "He asiMoxeu Aa 3acraHeu Ha ro3r4 nlr. Taxa npol4Bopeqil-ero Aanta Heqara cbu.lecrByBal, vnvHe, craea 6egno-re3Ho 14 Bcl4qKo ce o6RcHRea c n'bpBoro yqeHile.

Kaxaa e"rcrunara'i nocrurHara or 6yga?

Bcnqrco Ha ro3r{ cBflT HerrpeKbcHaroce rrpoMeHfl

B ocHoeara Ha yqeHilero na Ey4a ca rpilre 3HaKa HaAXapMa (rpr,rre rHaxa na ucrruara). Te ca uapaeenuHatl-go6pe qpe3 u4eure sa "He as'; "HenpexucnaranpouRua" u "noroRr Ha Hrpeaaa".

Ho nupeoro n Hafi-eaxHo Heqo e npeAcraBara 3acb3AaBaHero Ha cBera. llo epennero, Koraro xilBeeEy4a, cpe4 6oxecreara, noqtaraHil e lzln4nR, HRruaeguu a6conoren 6o; 3a Kororo Aa ce cMrra, qe ecb3Aaren na ue6ero H 3eMflTa. flpneua ce, qe cBerbrBVHaftA C'bqecTByBa B eAHO HenpecTaHHo ABrxeHileu qe xuBorbr 14 cMbprra ce noBTapflT 6erxparlno uecnxa $opna Ha cbu{ecrByBaHe BoALr Ao npoMeHil.

"Hraqo Ha ro3t4 cBFT He e eeqHo".Toea e eAHo or yqeHurra na 6y4a, 3annFau{o B

ocHoBure Ha penurilflTa, c-b3AaAeHa or Hero. (Darre/ qe BcilqKo Ha To314 cBflT e B cbcTofHile Ha Henpe-K'bcHaro ABilxeHue il npoMflHa n roea Harl-4o6pe cer3pa3ffBa c repMuHa "HenocroRucreo". lzlcruuara e,qe BcnqKo ce npoMeHfl n Hhulo He ocTaBa KaKBoTo e.

Pasllmqns

PEnUrUfi HA Cb3EPqAHUETOTperara no rxaveHre penufl4fl e caera,6ygra-

3MbI, MOXe Aa Ce OnpeAenu Karo penhrufHa cb3epqaHnero. Sy4ucrxure MoHacu He ceonurBar Aa yBenuqaBar 6pon na npe4aHhrecn nooreAoBaTerrh, a no-cKopo ce nocBeqa-

r Coar Ll:aH, no speMe Ha nbreuecrsrero my (orKoneKqhrra Ha yHhBepcurera e TeHph). TpyAoeereHa Coar [aau, npaBrr AeBaAara r nocJreAoBareJrnreMy u3BecTHt4.

BaT Ha TOBa Aa HaCOqBaT Muc,lilTe Ha XOpaTa UAa AaBar nphMep xa ocrauanrre. ToBa e penu-rnfl, HacoqeHa KbM qoBeuKhre npo6nemu, aHe 3arBopeHa n arpecuBHa. B uer mua etpxo-BeH cb34aren (e4ur 5or), rufi xaro cauuRr 6y4aHe r-bpcr4 Bpb3Ka c 6oxecreeHoro, a ce or4aBaHa Mucbn]ra KaK Aa nocThrHe ucTl4HuTe, Kol4ToMOraT fla My noMofHaT Aa npeoAonee MbKaTan crpalaHuero Ha ro3r4 cBflT. Heroeoro yvexueHe nocor{Ba efluH BbpxoBeH 6or unn gaeon,a HaquHa Ha MucrreHe, xofiro ga noMorHe HaxopaTa Aa xuBeflT TaKa, qe Aa He ce Hp(AaflT ilorgsamara. Cne4oBareflHo MoxeEa ce npueMe,ve e 6y4urma ilAeRTa 3a arpecr4r vnn eoiwa euMero Ha 6or e uenpueuruea. OranocoQranraMy He ce u3pa3fBa B il3l4cKBaHeTo na xuBeeurcnope4 3aKoHnre n B hMero Ha 6ot a roea e no-cKopo eflHa yMepeHa penvrvq Ha cb3epqaHu-eTo, B ocHoBaTa Ha quflTo qeHHocTHa cilcTeMa eMUCMTa Aa Ce noMara Ha XOpaTa.

"He ce ornacgfire xtm MeH Karo KbM6oxecreo! Baxuo e yqeHuero, Koero npono-engeau'i Cne4 raro nocrilra Hr4pBaHa, caMilflr6yga xaasa, qe Hafi-eaxHoro e BceKu ga orKpueceonra co6crBeHa ncrhHa, Tosa e cuqecreeHeneruerr s 6y4rcrrara Qr,lnocoQun.


Bcr.rqrco e B3arrMocBbp3aHoBropara ncrrHa ga"He ar"n:parnea ngerra, qe Heqatr

He cbu{ecrByBar caMu no ce6e cn, a nmKopo ca psyn-TaT OT Bpb3KilTe MeXAy TRX 14 BCl4r{KO OCr?rHanO.

"Hrrrr4o He e caMo B cBera. Koraro xopara nocrlr-HaT Ta3r VCT1AHa, re Ce pa3AenflT CbC CTpaAaHUflTa CVth Morar Aa noeMar no nrr 6er npenRrcrenn'i

Tara 5y4a Hr4 yBepFBa, qe umaMe Bb3MoxHocr Aapa3rneAaMe Heqara B Ta3r cBerJIr4Ha. Axo t{oBeK eB CbCTOfHne Aa hHTepnpeThpa npaBrnHo Bcr4t{Ko,Koero ro :ao6nxanR, Moxe Aa ur6erHe mHoro 6ea-none3Hli crpaAaHufl. Toi nocovea, qe Aopfi Heqara,Kovrro ce cnyqBar cayvafiHo rnil ca npeAcKa3aHr, canoBnr4rHh or sao6uxanRrlara ril cpega. Syga Hnyqv,qe Hrqo He cbulecTByBa B npa3Ho npocTpaHcTBo tlHr4r4o He e HanpaBeHo or Marepuan, xofiro e eeqeH.C 4pyrra AyMr4, cnopeA HeroBara QunocoQurr nera-TT4BHUTe Mhcnh BOAfr BnOCfleACTBile AO HerarUBHr4cv6utnn, AoKaro no3nrilBHoro Mr4creHe npeAil3-BilKBa cborgerHo no3nrilBHv ct6wna.ToBa e curaraHa yMeHueTo Hu Aa npeqeHflBaMe npaBunHo Heqaran cu6utnata oKoflo Hac. Karo gericreaMe cnope4co6creeHara cil npeqeHKa, Hue MoxeM Aa npoMe-HflMe npaBuraTa Ha ilfpaTa.

.{a orxnrpJruilr cbMHeurleroTperara rcruna, Kacaeu{a"noKon Ha HrpBaHa'l norasBa

KonKo Aaneq crhrau, noemafixr no raKa HapeqeHnfl nbrHa cnoxoficre[ero, 14 r43pa3flBa cbcronHue, Koero e ByHr4coH c Apyrnre ABe rcrunr. Axo o6at{e BnqKo e qacror eAilH KpbroBpaT u BcbrIHocT He cbqecTByBa caMono ce6e cw,rpa6ea nwroh 4a He Moxe Aa xflBee cno-xoftno, a cBerbr Aa e onnqerBopeHile Ha crpaAaH[ero.Ho eHuxsafixu no-4rn6oro B yqeHylero, qe par6epem,qe HeulaTa cTofT no cbBceM pa3nrqeH HaqilH.

"Orxaxere ce or erousl a r ce6en to6uero. CaMo rora eau{e orKpuere recHo nbrfl, xorlro rpr6ea 4a cne4eare'iToea e npe4craBara Ha 6yga ra nurn, xofiro BoAr4 KbMHilpBaHa, KaTO 3a nbT Ha HeHapyUaBaH OT uttqO nOXOtl,no roftro noemar 6naroqecrilBure xopa. Hupeaua e cuc-TOfHUe, B KOeTO OTXBbpnflLlr BCvrqKnTe Cil CbMHeHUF U Ceoceo6oxgaeau or crpagaHilero. Toea e panr, yrAeanHilflTcenl xoftro 6yga pa:rpnea npe4 qoBeqecrBoro.

Cnopeg rpnre"rHara Ha gxapua"ceertr ce HaMylpaB CbCTOflHre Ha HenpeKbcHaTa npoMflHa n aKo r{oBeKHe ce o6rpaxAa c HerarilBHa eHeprfifl, a orxBbpnucbMHeHilflTa cr, nopoAeHil oT xenaHl4fl t nv oT npv-Blp3aHocl roil e e cbcroflHhe pa nocrrrne a6co-npren noxofi. 9per ceoero yqeH[e 6yga ucxa 4anoMorHe Ha BCfiqKu xopa Aa ce ocBo6oAfr or crpa-AaHuero, Koero rr 3ao6rKanfl.

OcuorcparnrrflT rrbr rr rflecrrecbBbprrrerrcTBa

Oceen yvennero ra "rprare 3HaKa Ha gxapma'i 4pyraBaxHa qacr or 6y4ucrrara SrrrnocoQrrrn e yqeHilero 3a

"veru prre 6na ropoAH 14 ucrvHvt h 3a ocMoKparuna naf '."9errprare 6naropo4nra nctnnu" Hu noKa3Bar qeru-pnre npoqeca, qpe3 Kot4ro MoxeM Aa nocTrrHeM npo-cBerreH ile: cTpaAaH uero, 143ToqH il Ka Ha crpaAa H ilero,KaK Aa n36erHeM crpa4aHrero n nbrar BoAeq flo npe-KparflBaHe Ha crpaAaHuero (npuemaHero Ha Saxra, vecrpaAaHileTo cbulecTByBa, onpeAenflHero Ha il3roq-HUKa My, ent4MrHUpaHeTO Ha TO314 t43TOt{Hr4K U HaqaIOHa caMoo6yqeHnero). "Oct',toxparHnnr ntr" parxpreacbAbpxaHuero Ha roBa o6yvenrae, Koero ce cbcror4or oceM ocHoBHr4 ereMeHTa: Aa Bilxgaur Heqara, 6eaAa ce Bnnneu or npeApa3cbAbqr4 - roea e "npaeun-Hara rneAHa roqra"; Aa Mncna4w no no4xoAflu.l HaquH 3acBoilre y6ex4eHrn

-"npaeuntunr crpeuex"; Aa roBo-pilu no nogxoAru.l HaqnH

- "npaernuoro roeopeHe";

Aa yMeeuJ Aa Koptarnpau noBeAeHnero cu -"npaevn-uoro 4ericreue";4a xueeeu noqreHo - "npaennnrnrHaquH Ha xweof'; Aa ce onnrBau 4a erpuraLu 4o6peHeu{ara

- "npaemnnoto ycvnue"; noAxoAflr4nfiT HaqrH

Ha M[creHe e "npaaunHoro mrcneHe" u HaKpaff yMe-HheTo Aa cbcpeAoToqaBau Milcbrra cu no noAXoAflrIHavrH

- "npaeilrHara KoHqeHTpaqttfl".

Cneg yveHrnra ra "rprre 3HaKa AxapMa" tA 3a"verrpnre 6naropo4Hur ncrvHu n ocuorparHun ntr"ilABa yqeHilero ga "urectte c'bBbpueHcrBa". ,{yrritara,u3nor3BaHa orHaqano 3a u3pa3flBaHe Ha "ctetp-uieHcreol e "naparuurac" r oaHaqasa npuKntoqBaHeilflu nocn4raHe. C 4pyrr AyMr4, uecrre cbBbpueH-crBa ca cBbp3aHil c nprago6reaHero Ha cne4Hrreuecr KaqecrBa: Aa npeAnarauL 6ea cbxaneHue rflil"Aa AaBau" (AaHa); crpvrxrHo Aa cna3Bau 6ypwct-Krre HacraBrettfl tA 4o6po4erenr (cnna); na cuTonepaHTeH ta rbpnenuB (xuaHrra); Aa nonarau ycr4-nt A vt ycbp1ne (eupus); Aa yMeeu Aa ce KoHrponil-paru h KoHqeHrp[pau (Axraana); Aa nponBrBau MbA-pocr (npa4xHa).9oeerrpn6Ba Aa ce crpeMr Aa pa3-BilBa BcrqKr re3il KaqecrBa. Ey4a, roirro nocrrra vruecrre c'bBbpueHcTBa, yqr xopaTa KaK Aa ce ocBo-6o4nr or crpaAaHrffTa, TaKa qe BcvrrrKr4 xr4Bu cbl,{e-cTBa Aa MOraT Aa nocTr4fHaT qacTl4e.

Toil avi yqu Ha rpure hcrvrHvr vpe: "rpnre auaxa4xaprvra'i noKa3Ba Hr "verupure 6naropo4Htt vcrtAHtA14 OCMOKpaTHUF n-Vr" u Hil pa3Kpr4Ba uAeana qpe3"urecrre cbBbpueHcrBa'i Toea e ilcrilHara 3a npo-cBerneHilero, Koero EyAa nocrura,

^ KaprnHh n craryu or MHorocrpaxu rso6pa:near nocreAoBarenlrHa 6yAa, Konro nocrurar HupaaHa.MaKap .{e ca Bb3nnraBaHn Aa meAarHa cBeTa KaTo Ha Heqo, KoeToHenpeKlcHaTo ce npoMeHt, x AanpileMar MncbflTa 3a cMbpfra, Te cau:o6pa:eHn, norHanu B neqan,


OcHoBHATn riluefr Ha 6yu 3MauacTHe Ha T03I,I CBffTllpe4u 2 500 roAr4Hr{ xopara H.flMar rrpeAcraBa KaK Morar Aa ce ug6aesr orcrpa4antr-f,Ta, Korzro ru sao6tiKarrfl-t. Zlra carro eAr4H Har{r{H Aa ce us6erue5omara, Korro HeH3MeHHo rrpucrbcrBa B qoBelrlKrr-a )KI4Bor, I4 ToBa errocrr{raHero Ha npocBerneHr{e. To ce [prreMa or xopara [o-cKopo Karo Heu1o,KOeTO e [OAr{r4HeHO Ha peanHr{ U MeTOAr4qHr{ npr4Hr\rrfru, oTKoJIKoTo KaTopeJrrrfrrf, r4 cbqecTByBaT BcuqKn [poArrocTaBKrr Aa flonyqll pa3rlpocTpaHeHl{eno qenuq cB-flT. KaKea e vrcrtrHuta, KoflTo pa3KprrBa rr ilpotloBflaBa By4a n,(eJTaHlrero cv ra oceo6oAu xopara or crpaAanuero?

TOBA CE CJIyr{BA He MHoro orAaBHa - ua 11 puuI r sol r. e Car4roH. B :nax na nporecr cpeuly roHe-

HhFTa, Ha Konro ca noAroxeHn 6ygrcrrare or pexilMara !neu, 6ypvtctxwn cBeu{eHuK KyaHr lro ce caMo-3ananBa Hacpeg eAHo or Hai-roreunre KpbcroBl4rJ.laB rpaAa. Cuurrnxvt, orpa3nBaul[ roea ct6ilrne, ca pa3-npocrpaHeHu no qenrn cen1, rofiro cflKau oHeMffBaor yxac. MoHax"ur ceAil B no3a "noroc" no cpeAara Hanbrn cbc 3arBopeHn oqil r pbqe e cneqziQr,rvHo noro-xeHre, a ryrqero My e HenpoHt4qaeMo. MoHacyrre,Kofiro ro npilApyxaBat ro 3anilBar c 6eHsnH il ro noA-narBar. Toea He e tAHAVtBwAyatleH aKT, a e o6rilo peue-Hhe Ha BciltlKt4 MOHaCti OT XpaMa, KOt/iTO 3aUlmTaBaT

> TonFMa 3narHa craryfl Ha 6yAa Ha ocrpoBKox Cauyn B TaunaHA. Bnevarrraaulara cpa3MepilTe cil cTaTyfr il3pa3frBa BentrtlneToua 6yga, a 3raroro, or Koero e HanpaBeHa,crMBoIil3ilpa oTpoMHoTo 3HaqeHile frTbpxecTBoTo Ha yqeHfreTo My.

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cBo6ogara cil. Moxe 6u, aro re ca npeAcraBnrenilHa penvtvtfl, nponoBflABaqa alpecufl, rofi HRma 4a cenoAnarru B 3HaK Ha nporecl a ule yqacrBa B HffKaKbBTepopr4cru'{eH aKT cpeu{y npaBhTercrBoro.

IlarlraQm:urr n HeHacilrilero, nponoBrABaHtl or6y4racrxara pefiufl4n, HaMilpar orpaxeHile u B nocra-Hrrra K'bM Knratit, ornpaeeHn or 9ernpuHa4eceruRrAanara larvra, rofrro e nporoHeH or rrraitqure or Tn6err xilBee B I43rHaHre e ltlupna. CraHoeuqero, nepa-3eHo B peqilre My, 3a roBa rax rpn6ea Aa ce peuil npo-6nema. noreupx4aea 6ygucrxara $ranocoSran, qe Eopt4Koraro e HanaAaH or Bpara cil, qoBeK He 6ilea Aa npr-6Rrea xtv HaaAntAe.Taam reopmn e nopKpeneHa HFKorail or caMilfl 6y4a, vpea npneMaHe Ha yqeHuero 3a "Heno-croRHcreoro':

l-lper XX e. naqn$racrxara rAeF Ha 6y4rrrvra ga ce npu-eMa BcuqKo, HaMilpa 6naronpuRrua noqBa il pa3npoc-rpaHeHile u a 3anagHmn ceRr. llpaxruxara Aa ce nocrilrano-Br4coKa creneH Ha Ap(oBHa h3BilceHocr qpe3 caMo-Ha6nogeuue n caMoycbB-bpuJeHcrBaHe, e MHoro nony-nnpHa cpeA qneHoBere ua 6nirgevxeHilero, Bb3Ht4K-Bau1o B CAI! cnep Bropara cBeroBHa eo/rHa. lzl 4uectu6etcwtat 6y4r:rrvr npogbnxaBa Aa nerrenli nocneAo-BATCTil,

llo-caMoernt6eHilflr xapaKrep Ha 6ygrrrsrvra, B cpaB-HeHile c'bc 3anaAHilTe pennrt4w, Ce AbnXil Ha HefO-gata fttlHcreeHoc1 Ha BHilMaHilero, Koero ra3vipenvrvt+

oTAens Ha go6poro orHoueHue KbM oKotlHt4Te, KaKro14 Ha eAHa oco6esa ncmxofloft4f, KoflTo HaMilpaMe ryK.Bcrqro roea AonpuHacfl 3a Bce no-HapacrBaulara nony-nflpHocT Ha uEeilTe, nponoBFABaHil OT HerO.

Llenra ua roBa AyxoBHo f{eHue e Aa HanpaBil u{acrn-ero AoclbnHo 3a BcuLrKr4 Ha 3eMFTa. Llgen, nplteuaqace or MHoro xopa, Kovrro ycnaear Hafi-nocne Aa npeoflo-neflT penuruo3Hhre orpaHilqeHilf .

TepuraHur Ha e3uKa narh 3a "geqeH :aroH" e AXaMMa,ilnil yqeHnero ua 6yga. Sygucrxnre nphHtlunn 3a Milpil HeHacilnue HaMilpaT oTpaxeHue B cTl4xoBe oT"flxaumana4a'i rrAero cblt1o raKa ce oc'bxAar Kna-coBilre pa3nnvt4P' il peAilLla Apyru4 npeApa3cbAbuM,ceeulil pa3Aop14 cpeA xopara.

HRxonro BeKa no-K-bcHo, npe3 Vlll e., il:eecrHilnrnoer CaHrn4eBa or ABnxeHilero MaxanHa, nrpa-3FBa noqru cbr{ilTe n4eu. B HefoBoro npor3BegeHile"6o4xuvapnaearapa" (Bodhicaryavatara) qereM cneA-Hhre Mncril 3a onacHocrTa or oMpa3aTa:

"Cr:naHvrero He Moxe !a HaMepil norotit, Hmro 4ah3nilTa paAocr nnil yAoBoncrBfie, To He Moxe Aa cflnoqilHe tAnvi Aa ce noqyBcrBa e 6etonacHocI, AoKarocrpenara Ha oMpa3ara npoHr43Ba cupqero'i

Eygucrroro yLleHile il3r'bKBa Qarra, ve oMpa3ara uHeHaBvrcTTa/ KaKTO 14 XeflaHneTO il aIqHOCTTa, npor3-ril3ar or SyngarraeHrannoro HeBexecrBo. Toea Heaexe-crBo ce A-bjrxl,4 Ha norpeuHoro cxBaulaHe, qe MoxeM

Aa 8OAI4M He3aBUCr4M il HenOA-BnacTeH Ha npoMeHil xt4BorHue npneuaue, qe cMe cbr4e.crBa, He3aBilctAMn or Apyr/Te.HegHaHuero e roBa, Koero Hr,lpa3Aenn ,4 Hr4 npeqr ga aa6en+XilM B3AfiMHATA HT 3ABilCI4MOCTu e:alrmogetacrBilero Hl4 c ocTa-HarilF cBrr. E4nHcraeno npeo'AOTFBaHeTO Ha TOBa He3HaHHeqe Hil noMorHe Aa ce oceo6G'!r4M or 3arBopa, rotlro rsgr-raMe 3a ce6e cn il 3a ocraHa-nvlTe.

{ Ta:u csuvxa Ha MoHaxa KyaHr !to,rofiro ce caiuoganansa, o6hxang ceera,yratpx4aeaixla naqnQucrxrre nphHr-lHnhua 6ygut:ua v oxazsaitxv 3HaqffTenHoBnr/flHIe Bbpxy ABhxeHuero cpeqyeofruara stg Bnersau.

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npeApa3c'bAbqu. Hurofi He npaBil ilsxntoqeHile. HilroeA!4H qoBeK He e HanbrHo oceo6ogeu or npilcrpac-rv,frra cv. Hre He xapecBaMe onpeAeneHil LlBeroBevr1v1 3ByqtA, Apa3Hflr Hil onpe4eneHn o6croRren-crBa, noBeAeHrAe vnv HaqilH Ha pa6ora. lopra noHn-Kora cMe 6eguunocrHl,r KptArvalu Ha caMr4re ce6e cu.Ovear4Ho e, qe HflKom Heqa xapecBaMe, a Apyn4 -se. Cnoco6nocrra Hil Aa npaBilM nogo6nra pa3nilKil eHeAenr4Ma qacr or r{oBeuKara Hn nphpoga. B xpafiuacMeTKa xopaTa, 3a pa3nilKa oT ApyfuTe xilBr,4 c'bule-crBa, hMar cnoco6uocrra Aa onpeAenFT cBoure LleH-Hocrv tA Aa npaBflr rar6op. Ceo6o4uunr rs6op u cao-6ogara ga r,rr6rapaLu ce npileMar 3a ocHoBHil npaBa.Kaxeo roraea ue e e pe4?

ilpo6nervrur e, qe Hue yrB-bpxAaBaMe HaunrenpeAnoqilTaHVF u aHTvnarvn, paeahxu uru gerlcren-renHa cilra, roraro QoprvrrapaMe HenpeKnoHHr4 Bb3-rne1u n ril npneMaMe aa a6conprHu rAcrrAHvt, KoraropeuaBaMe Koh ca LleHHocTnTe 3a Hac 14 3a ApyruTe, acneA roBa re3u peueHilF ce npeBpbqar eua $ranrup,npea xorlro B'b3npileMaMe ce6e cu ta ocraHarrre.

^ 9v0r oqn, cnuaoflh3hpauln nffqero Ha 6yAa, ca r:o6pa:errHaBcflKbAe no creHhre Ha "6o4xaxar cryna" e Karuau4y.

Hile enhgat4e B eAilH cBfl1, il3nbnHeH c npeApa3-cbAbqvr, KouTo nphqilHfBar crpaAaHue il oKa3BarorpoMHo BnnFHfie KaKTo B'bpxy Hac, TaKa il B'bpxyocraHanilTe. Helaeucfl&lo Aanil ca cBbp3aHil c yHl4-qoxeu u n o6oBH 14 r n pufl TencKr Bpb3Kr4 vnv c pentA-tuo3Htt il 3aBoeBarenHn BohHt , vnt n-bK ce npaBvronilr Aa ce ycTaHoBvr rocnoAcTBo r Aa ce orpaHuqnHevun ceo6oga, Te3il npilcrpacrnfl orHeMar qoBeu-KhTC HN KAqCCTBA.

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BnuflHrleTo Ha eAr,rHAo6poHaMepeH Ayx, rpeoAoJrnBarrlrpocTpaHcrBoro rr BpeMeroKoraro ocb3HaBa, qe rlacrl4ero B To3rr xr4Bor, a He B cneABalllvrfl, e BalKHo 3a xopara, Ey4a3arrorrBa ra o6.rrontBa yqeHuero cr{ Ha Apyrrrre uo pas6upaeM 3a rrx HaqrrH. Herosara(franoco$zs ce paABa Ha Bce lo-roJrrMa rroryupHocr, oco6euo Koraro flnpvevrut vro6pasonarulre xopa, [plrrexaBarrllt [o-BrrcoK o6ulecreeH craryc. llpe4cranatalrra Eyla sacBeTa ycrrf,Ba Aa pa3Kpvre vr oTpa3uvrgTvrHcKara rrpr4pol.aHa rroBeKa u rrpoAbnxraBa Aa BbnHyBacbprlara Ha xopaTa npe3 BeKoBeTe.

flosHaeaqbr Ha rpurre yqennfr,BRbxHoBeH n or 6ygvrcrKara AoKTpnHaCpax [snx (602-6641

Coan l-lanr.r craBa il3BecreH cbc cBoero npou3Be4eHue "flureuecrene Ha 3ana4'(uacuuecrareop6a n xrrrrarlcKara flilTeparypa), onuceaqo HeroBilTe npuKnpqeHuff no BpeMe Ha nbryBaHero My r43lzlHgun e rupceHe na cyrprare. Tofi e e4ur or oHesu 6enexuru ruraficru moxacu, Kor4To craBar nocne-

AoBarerr Ha 6y4a. Heroaa meenra Meqra e Aa oru4e Ha noKnoHeHne B poflHoro Mflcro Ha 5y4a. l-loToBa BpeMe B Knrarl e Ha BnacrAuHacruflra TaH (ocHoeaHa npea 618 r.) u crpaHara HaBflu3a B nepuoAHa noruruqecKu BbnHeHur nopaAil qecrilTe npoMeHil B ynpaBneHuero. Bte epurxa c roBa Ha MoHa-cnre uu e ra6paHeHo.qa HanycKar uMnepunra. Btnperu ra6paHara, CnaH LlenH, xofrro rorasa e Ha 27roAuHr4, ce ornpaBn Ha nbreuecrsue npes 629 r., cre4 Karo nanycxa rafiHo:amrxa, e xofiro xneee.

Oqaxea ro flbnro u rpy4Ho nbryBaHe. flo epeme Ha roBa noKnoHHr4qecrBo My ce Hanara AanpeogonrBa nraHuHl4 ra 6errparlnra nycrur,v; qecro nog 3anraxara 4a 6lge y6rar or nraHilHcKrrepa$ofixuqra unu or rlpxgl4 eoftHuqil. Hegaeucul4o or BcuqKu re3u onacHocr4, cMefluflT MoHax Hece oTKa3Ba oT HaMepeHUeTo cl4.

Koraro Hafi-nocae CnaH [anH flocrura Ao cBorra qen, rofi vz6yxea B cbr3r4 npu BilAa Ha Abp-aoro 6ogxu, nog Koero 6yga nocruia npocBerreHr4e. Tofr ce nura qo 3a xuBor eogu 6y4a, sa gaycnee Aa Aocn4rHe 4o nogo6ro cbcroflHue Ha Ay)(a u KaKBu crpa4aHun rpn6ea ga e noHecun. CpanLlrnH Hnma npeAcraBa rarue e 6rn B MuHarufl cr4 xr4Bot Ho e y6e4eH, qe 3apa4u rpexoBere, Kol4Toe u3Bbprxun roraBa, HflMa Bb3MoxHocrra Aa cpeu{He 6yga. Aro xurBorbr My e npaBe4eH, rofi clccnrypHocr qeue Aa e e.quH or yqeHuqilre Ha 6y4a, orgageH Ha Me4uraqilr. Koraro ocrsnaBa roBa,ro o6reraa cpaM 3apagu co6creeHure My HeAocrarbqn.

Crcax [rnH npeKapBa crregBaulure ner roAuHr4, nryuaeafrru 6ygucrrure reKcroBe e HapaHga,il qaK cne4 ToBa peuaBa Aa ce BbpHe B po4urara cra. Xopara B HapaH4a, Kor4To ce npr4Bbp3Bar KbMHero, ce onurBarAa npeAorBparflr 3aMuHaBaHero uy. Tofi ycnnaa ga rra y6egrrr e neo6xoguraocna

4a munHe, o6RcHReaftxil uM, qe xeflaHr4ero My e Aa pa3npocrpanra 6y4ucrKoro yqeHue no cBera u

'{e He e B cbcroflHile Aa ocbqecrBu ra3n Mucilff, aKo ocraHe e Haparga,Tofi ce :aaptuqa orHoBo e Kurafi caeg uLecrxaftcerroguurHo orcrcraue. Tyr npeBexAa cBeu{e-

Hure 6y4ucrrn reKcroBe, Kouro AoracR or l4H4rn, il nponoBf4Ba 6ygurma utqanKwah,

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lllapun)rpa Cb3Aaren Ha AxaiHil3Ma. KaKTo,6yAa, rori e poAeH BABopeq BKuarpun. OrKa3Ba ce or npaBara cuHa npuHLl tr oTphqa KacroBaracilcreMa. Toi e B cbnepHtrcecrBo c6yAa, Karo cb3Aalen Ha HoBa pentrrtrfl.

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YqeHuLlu -nocneAoBaTenuTot e Hai-3HaqrMurr

nocneaoBaren Ha 6y[a

I Cysara IBnaAerq Ha Bg{Koroqapco K@a Toi KynyBaor npxHqAxeE rpaAtrHaraAxeEsHa , nFpoflaa BHet MoHautrxo y6exnqe,Kcro npeAnaE Ha 6yAa. Toil e 6paroBqeA Ha 6yAa u

cTaBa HeroB nocneAoBarercneA 3aBpbu{aHeTo My IpoAtrHara. BnocneAcrBtre ceonuTBa aa 3oroBopHrctrcpeu{y 6yAa tr Aa 3aeMeMrcToTo My.l'fi*;-_l

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lc.""q*lAbqepfl Ha crapeiuhHara Ha eAHo ceno,3a KoflTo ce cMrra, qe npeAnara Ha 6yAaKaTO Aap rcTue oT MnffKo tr optr3 noBpeMe Ha HetoBoTo npocBerneHhe.CyAxara craBa eAuH or HeroBilTe BepHtrnocneaoBarenil.

^ InqHocrxre B chBrre Kapera ca npeAcraBeHh B Ta3l/1 rnaBa.

Bnagererrr Ha l4HRnA, Koitro nogKpenn6ygurervra[ap AuoKa (ynpaBrrBarq B nepuo4a npu6nn3uren-Ho MexAy 268 r. np. Xp. vr 232 t. np. Xp.)

Xenanraero na 6yga, npeAil Aa yMpe, eyqeHuero MyAa HaMepu uJt4poKo pa3npocrpaHesue.Tasu

taAen e npilera npucbpqe or eAuH qap, xotaro ynpaBnffBa crpaHara 6nnro gea BeKa cneA cMbprraHa Yqurenr. llpuHq AuLoxa or AuHacrilflra Maypraa e Vlnpva e am6uqnoreH MbK qilero xerlaHile e

fla pa3uuprt rpaHilqr4Te Ha qapcrBoro cyr. Toft ce Bb3KaqBa Ha rpoHa, cJre4 xaro ul6hea oqraHanilre npereHAeHT[ 3a Bnacfia B nuqero xa 6parnra cu, cneg Koero3aBflaARBa u cbcegHoro qapcrBo KaanHra. Tora y6uBa He caMo BorTruuqure na Bpara, a raKa cbqo xeHil, Aeqa u MoHacM.

Yctnnrnra xa Auoxa ca Bb3Hatpa4eHyr. Tofi o6aqe e o6aer or yrpureHnfl Ha cbBecrra 3apagu cMbprra Ha ronKoBa MHoro xopa, Korro npilqnHrea. Toraaa npn

Auoxa m4ea eAuH MoHax, xofiro uy o6ncHfBa, qe xopara no pox4eHne ca go6pra u r{e 3riHure, u3BbptueHu or rfx, rrltorar Aa 6rgar i3KyneHn c fo6pra gena.

AuLoxa ce parrafiea 3a xecroKocrilTe cr u npueMa 6ygr,rarvra. lee rofluHu no-KbcHo ce nocBeqaBa Ha MucuflTa Aa HanpaBil Ta3u pentAwfl cseroeHa. Toli He ceorpaHuqaBa Aa Bbputr4 ToBa caMo a lzh4uR, no HacoqBa ycilnuflTa cu n ruu Cnpun, Eruner u MaregoHtitR.

Cneg xaro noceqaBa cBeqeHure aa 6yguema uecra, rofi npegnpileMa MHoxecrBo HaquHaHuR, Karo vr34uraHero Ha KaMeHeH MoHyMeHI Ha xofiro rpaBHpa

ocHoBHu nocrynaru or yqeHilero na Eyga, crpou xpaMoBe u r. H.

AlrLoxa nponoen4Ba Bfpa s 4o6po4erelrare n aa6paua 4a ce orHeMa qoBeuK[ xl4Bor u HeorcrbnHo cne4Ba cBoflra Milcl,tn Ao Kpafi Ha AHnre cw,5etycvnwanHa AuLora 6ygr,tMbr BepoffTHo He 6vr ce pa4eaa Ha ronKoBa uupoKo pa3npocrpaHeHue, Ha KaKBoro ce pagBa AHec.


Tuproeeqbr or Beneqnfl, n3BecreH B qf,na Eeponacbc cBouTe nbTeuecTButf,Mapxo flono (1254-13241

llper cpeAHoeeKoBueTo 6y4rrrrrurr ce pa3npocTpaHFBa flaneq t43BbH rpaHuqhre Ha TlHpun, KaTo HaMilpanocre4oBareau n3 qnna AsnR. fl:eecrHhflT BeHeqhaHcKtl TbproBeq il nbreulecrBeHilK cbt{o e noBllr4flH orroBa yqeHue. baqara Ha Mapxo l1ono, TbproBeq or Beuequn, npe4npreMa Abrril il onacHu nbryBaHnff,cBbp3aHu c rlpr-oBcKara my gerauocr. l-lpea 127'l r. cHHbr my Mapxo ro npilApyxaBa B eAHo raKoBa nbryBaHe

Ao ilMnepilrra na xaH Ky6nafi. Te cneqerrsar AoBephero Ha xaHa u ocraBar Ha cnyx6a npu Hero qelu 16roAfiH14.

Mapxo floro noceqaBa MHoxecrBo a3rarcKr4 crpaHu h ilMa Bb3MoxHocrra nilqHo Aa BuN roanrrit 6potipepKn I y1nBurenHu Heqa. Xaprunra, Bbrnilu]ara, 3araAbqHilre flnoHqil - Bcr4.tKo roea cr6yxga lp6onur-crBoro Ha eeponeilqnre.

Ha ntr sa po4rHara cu, a Llerlnon rori ce cper4a c epran 6y4racrKu MoHax h ocraBa grn6oxo BneqarneHor yqeHilero, xoero rofi nponoBflABa. Trproeeqtr or AaneqHara xpilcl4nHcKa 3eMr ocb3HaBa, qe raKbB cBflTt4 AocroeH qoBeK Karo Eyga e xpncrrnHcKr4n cBFT rLle 6rpe noqilraH Karo cBereq, paBeH Ha Tlcyc Xpucroc,BcttLlHocr eflilH BeK npeAil roBa Karonuqecxara qbpKBa npil3HaBa Ey4a ra BenrK Mbgpeq, Ho ro3r4 Qaxr ne eu3BecreH ua Mapxo llono. Bce naK rBbpge ueo6uqarlno e ra efluH xpr4cl4ffHilH no oHoBa BpeMe.qa Bb3xBarrflBaTOnKOBa CBereq OT Apyra peruruff.

llpee 1 287 r. Mapxo llono paeraaea 3a cBoilTe nbreuecrBr4r Ha nucarerfl Pycruveno ga flura, roriro uanuc-ea xHurata "Mt4nraoHtr'l il3BecrHa raro "lltreuecrBr4flTa Ha Mapxo llono'i TyK e onilcaHa n cnyvariHara My cpeqac uHgntlcxun noHax.

Eglan 3a6ere)KnreneH qoBeK, KofiTo nogKpenfipa3npocTpaHeHnero Ha 6yAu3Ma e fnoHus npe3 enoxara Acyra

ii:r,;il",'+'r,i1ti npuHq llloroxy (57 4-6221bygnrulr gocrrara go flnoHnR nper 538 r. fnoncxuRr uvrneparop Cora Ho Yuaxo ce qyBcrBa 3acrpaueH or ynpa-

BnflBaqara B cbcegeH Knrail 4tnacrna Cyu. 9per Kopen rynrypara Ha Cyu 4o rorflMa creneH npoHl4KBa e flnouun,npegil TaM Aa 3anoqHe pa3npocrpaHeHuero ua 6ypraaua. llo roea epeme llJoroxy, TBbpAe MnaA u noBrruflH or nornril-rara ua Ynaxo, craBa peBHocreH nocnegoBarefl Ha 5yga.

Oqe e mnagexKure cil ropuHu lLlorory noKa3Ba e4Ha neo6ravarlHa taHrenurcHTHocr. Torl e po6rp cnyuaren rlBilHaru ycnflBa Ea BHUKHe B pa3roBopllre Ha xopara oKono Hero. llpe 593 tr Koraro e Ha 20 roArHn, rorir nonyvaaapeaflHa nonflrilqecKa Bnacr cJIeE Bb3KaqBaHero Ha rpoHa Ha maraxa My, uMneparpnqa Cyraro, n cnoco6rocrure mycraBar oqeBilAHu 3a BcuttKt4. TotZ cu4aea ABaHagecercreneHHa ABopqoBa riepapxrauHa cucreMa il cbcraBfl KoHcrr4-ryqvttt, t43BecrHa xaro "Cegevrnarlcer mroHa'i c Koero nonam ocHoBrre Ha FnoHcKara HaqiloHanHa grpxaea. 3a ga ce3ano3Hae no-go6pe c Qranocofunra Ha 6ygrarrvra, rori u3npaqa ono uo lzlrr,toxo Hf KonKo nbTu Ha o6yveHre e Kwah v3anoqBa crpoilrercrBo Ha 6ygracrrrare xpauoee,,Xopny-4rw" ta,,lAxapyragepa".

Tpeeora 3aBnaARBa Ayuara Ha nphHUa, Koraro Br4xAa KonKo HecurypeH e cBerbr oxoro uero. Toft ce onilrBa Aacb3Aa4e eAHa cilnHa FnoHcKa HaLltnA vt nHoro6poriHure onilru 3a noKyueHre, KaKro il uHTpvrvfie cpeqy Hero, rooropqaBar il nacrup6near grn6oro.

lipe4u crvrtprra cu npe3 622 r. rcil 3anoBrABa 4a 6lge il34r4ftara craryR Ha 6yga. lonnmoro My xenaHue e AanocrilrHe npocBerneHue

- HupBaua. Heroeara gtr6oxa noqur ruu Sypa cra4aea npeAnocraBKu aa npoqr$rneane Ha

He3aBucuMa flnoHcra 6y4ucrxa Kynrypa, BgbxHoBflBaqa raKilBa sa6erexnrenHn MoHacil raro Kyrau r Carqo.


Tn6ercKytfiT nngep, xofiro nponoBr4BayqeHnero na 6yga no qenuf cBflT9erupnxagecerunr flanafi rlama (p. 1935 r.)

loguuam 1 950 r. e rparuvHa :a Tu6er -

par,toHlr Ha 3anaA or AHeueH Krarafr. Kuraracrara Hapo4na Peny6nuxa,ocHoBaHa npe3 .l949 r., HaMyBa e Tra6er il ro aHeKcilpa, npranioxgaeararn Hapo4a My Aa npileMe xumrlcruR uaquu iiiifiHa x!,lBor 14 rurar.rcxara Kynrypa. ,:,,',

Berrxurr ru6ercKu BoAaq, 9erupnnagecerranr flarafi flarua, 3aeAHo c Apyril MoHacn, npaBn Bclt.tKo Bb3MoxHo,3a Aa ce nporvBonocraBnHara3u unearun, uo 6op6ara nu He ycnrBa: ronffu 6pori xparvroee ca pa3pyr.ueHil il MHoroxopa ca y6nna. t-lpe: 1 959 r. lanata Ilama e npuHy4eH Aa ce orrerrr a CeeepHa l,4Hgr,rn (e flxaprvrcara), KbAero cb3AaBaxa6ilHer s r3ftaHl4e.

Or,uroco$nrra ua lanata lalaa e onucaHa nbpBoHaqarHo or qoBeK Ha ume TqoHrrxana, xorrrro gaea HoBa ilHTep-npenqr4fl Ha npocbuleciByBaulun Beqe HaA uecrHagecer eexa 6y4utrru. Cnopeg ra3il ilHrepnperaqilF fl)Dor Hafianati Ilalaa HenpeKxHaro ce npepaxAa B qoBeuKo rflno. 9erupunagecerranr,lanarTr llarvra e pogeH e egna $epmaB ManKo ceaqe. Konro e Ha EBe rcilu'Hu, peuaBal qe B Hero e npepofleH TprHagecerunr ,QanarTr flaua il qe rorZ ecneABaqilflT.

Cnopeg,Qanair flaiita qoeeKbt e mupono6ueo c-bqecrBo, a raKoBa e il rBbpgeHilero Ha 5yga. PeruruoauuRr Bo4aq B i3rHaHie ocraBa BepeH na 6ypncrroroyqeHue u npo4bnxaBa Aa lbpcr4 Mr4pHo peueHile Ha ron$nnrra cKwah,napneaitxw ce, qe eAilH geH qe 6r4ar npeKpareHil ecuqxfl eofiHi i Ha 3eMfra qe Bb3-rbpxecTByBa MfipbT.

npu6nrea go Hacnnile, a caMo c Meropilre na y6ex4eHnero. Taar Heroea geftHocr noryvaea npfi3HaHue rzr npee I 989 r. e ygocroeH c Ho6eaoea Harpa4a 3a vurrp. 71 eHauu gHu rotl nocBeu{aBa BchqKure cu ycunilff Ha Kay3ara 3a nocruraHe Ha cBeroBeH MLlp,

EIZamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou

EyarIcTK aTa KyJrrypa cepa3rrpocTpaHflBa rro rleJrrlfl cBflTB naqanoro na sefiHoro pa3rrpocrpaHeHze 6yAzcrr

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,,Tptreati, luoxaxo!PasnpocrpaHn ncrltHara cpe4

BcnrrKn )r(vrBu ctr4ecrea!"

Ha Llap Auoxa. Heroeara AtAHacrvA 6es cr'uHesueilrpae orpoMHa ponfl 3a 3ana3BaHero t4 pa3npocrpa-HeHilero na 6ygracrxara penvrlA+, xoRro o6ave c epe-Mero 3anoqBa pa ry6vt BntAFHtAero cvt.

CuRra ce, qe nbpBoro rao6paxeune na 6y4a ecb34a4eHo e l-angxapa orono I e. np. Xp. Mogenlre KaMeHeH orneqarbK or KpaKa Ha 6y4a, HanpaBeHcne4 cMbprra uy. B ro:ur orneqarbK ce qyBcrBa Hero-Boro nprcbcrere r uro6paxeHilero ce npeBp-bula Bo6oxecreeH apreQarr.

OcHoeHo npaBilrlo aa 6ygrrraua e lJ.Jpr laura uloromrroqHa Armn e, qe He npil3HaBa Apyr Syga n eTe3il crpaHil roft e noqnraH qpe3 rilraHTcKvt qaryvt,raao6pauear4il ro cilFeH Karo 3naro. Toea e e A-un6oxKoHTpacr c BFpBaHilfl raro 6ogxucarBa v ryaH vN,rxr/4poKo pa3npocrpaHeun e Kntaw w flnonna.

Kparrx o6:op Ha rr3ToqHoa3l{arcxl{TeQunocoSrau

flurRr Ha KonpilHara, npecilqaul l-{eHrpanna A:ltn,AaBa B-b3MoxHocr 3a pa3npocrpaHeHile Ha 6ygrarl,tae Kwaia.Io XIV B. ro3u patTtou eeve e no4 Bnl4flH14-ero Ha ilcnffMa, Ho c-bulecrByBa nepflo4, npe: xoitrooKono rpaHilLlara c TlpaH rocnoAcrBaulara penrrhFe 6ygucrxara. CmRra ce, ve pafionur Ha laupxapa eCeeepeu flaxucras e Kpenocr na 6ygrarua. B 6onra-Hara Tapru a Ceeepeu ,[yHxyaHr (4uec aeronourao6nacr Cran4snH) u e uefiHrre oKonHocrl4 ca orKp14ThorpoMeH 6poil 6y gwcrxu naMerH!tqri.

Sygmrrvrur 3anoqBa Aa ce pa3npocrpaHnBa e KhraHno BpeMe Ha AilHacrilflTa XaH. Krarafi o6ave e saxeFrqeHTbp Ha il3TorlHoa3ilaTcKaTa KynTypa cbc cBohrpaNA[tAtA il HOBaTa pent4ftAfl He ce paABa Ha TorKoBarofifMa nOnynFpHOCT' oule noBeqe, qe poAt/lHara Ha6y4uwa eWagnn.

^ 6yAa se xenae ga 6r4e o6oxecrBfBaH no HtlKaKbB HaqilH, Honopa4il B3ailMoAerZcrerero Ha 6ygucrxara Qmloco$un c MecrHfiBApBaHVfl, B HnKOil CTpaHU Ce npeBpbqa B TpaAilqil9 HefoBil cTary;1ga 6tgar yxpacnsaHil il noqilTaHil Karo re3fl Ha,qpyrrre 6oxecrea(xpau e MoHrorun).

2Zamunda.NET/MichiruKaiou

9ecro ce nonyriaBa TaKa/ qe KoraTo naroil 6y4ttctxwTeKCT Ce npeBexAa Ha KVTahCKvt, KilrarlcKr4flr Bapu-aHr Ao6nBa no-ronffMa nonynfpHocr or opr4filHar-Hr4F TeKqr. Hah-ypuewenHaTa qepTa Ha u3Tor{Hoa3u-arcKHf 6y4u:urr,r e yHilKarHaTa My uHTefpaquff c ere-MeHTLI or AaoilcrKara QranocoQvrn unv Aa peqeM cxouQyqr,rancxure tAAev 3a cilHoBHa noqilT u yBaxe-Hr,re. ,Q:en6y4r3Mbr e Ao raKaBa creneH pa3npoc-TpaHeH e Kt/i|aiA, qe repMuHbr ",[reH" ce ynorpe6flBaKaTo eAHo o6qo na:aautAe 3a 6yryAcrxara Qunoco-Snn. B flnoHnn B pe3ynrar Ha cMecBaHero ua 6y4rrr-3Ma C HFKOT4 TpaAilqilOHHr4 BflpBaHUfl Ce nOflBRBao6rqanr O6oH (nparnrax), xorlro c pa3npocrpaHeHh-ero ua 6ygncrKara penilrilfl e fnoHr4R ce npeBp'bulaB ocHoBeH 6ygucrxnr ptAryan.

Cyrpara Ha noroca, e3orepilLrH l4rr 6y 1n*m, 6ygtr-3Mbr Ha qilcrara 3eMr, BrpBaHnffTa B [yaH lAn, a apaunu Apxar

- Bcr4rlKo roBa ca nponBt4 il pe3ynrar

or Brl4flHnero n pa3npocTpaHeHueTo Ha Kt4TahcKtAF6y4r:rrvr B f noHilfl.

Maxap ve Tra6er ce HaMupa cbBceM 6nilgo HaceBep or l4n1va, 6y4lrcrxara peflilrilr ce pa3npoc-rpaHFBa Aocra rpyAHo e roru paftou, nopagu rone-Mhre nrraHrHcKr BepvflA, Kor4To ro 3ao6tA

urvlHroH 6ypwzma, ocHoBaHor MoHaxa Kyrafi e nnaHu-Hara Kon, KaKTo u B TeH-gail 6ypuztt4 Haqanoro Harot)tro cnara MoHaxtr Car,loe nnaHhHara Xileir.

Kyxah r Cauqo nMaryr3KJilOr.tilTeIHO rOnFM npil-Hoc 3a npno6r.rlaaaneHa 6y4urrvra KbM FnoH-cKara Kynrypa. Cail..to,xofiro e 6ueLu nocnegoea-TCT HA TCqEHilCTO MAXAFHAe 6ygutua, nonara ocHo-Bilre Ha pa3npocTpaHe-Hilero Ha e4nu no-oco6eH6ygnrurra n3 qflna tlnonun.CxeaqaHero, ve Eyga e eer-Aecbul, AaBa TnacbK 3a pa3-BUTileTO Ha yHilKarIHa 3acrpaHara 6y4ncrxa Qrano-co$ran. Tpn6ea ga ce or6e-nexh vr 0axrul qe ffnoHtls

e eArlHcrBeHara crpaHa, B KoffTo ra 6y4ucrxrreMOHaCil

'4M e nO3BOneHO Ea Ce XeHflT.

Bcu,lro roBa AoKa3Ba, qe npe3 BeKoBere B pa3flilLt-HilTe qacril Ha cBera 6yglrcrroro yqeHhe Henpec-TaHHo ce AonbnBa !r o6orarssa. OcHoeHara ilAefl Ha6ygraervra o6ave, cnope4 Koflro troBeqecrBoro uMaBb3MoxHocrra Aa ce ocBo6oAn or xaoca Ha ro3r4cBfll ocraBa HenpoMeHeHa n HenoKbrHara.

OrpoMHa craryn na 6y4a

) lonru 6poitnpeAcTaBurenr Ha3anaAHara qvglnr1Balluflce o6prqar xru 6ygu:ir,ta,crpeuefrxu ce Aa nocrilfHarBbTpeuHo paBHoBecile.

Ey4u:urr u 6op6ara 3a MI{p3a 4o6ponarrilepeHocrra u vnpono6uero Ha ocHo-

BareflF Ha 6ygucrxata penwtA+ MoxeM Aa cbAr4M t4or $axra, qe caMuflr 6yga ne ogo6pnea Heo6ocHoaa-urre u 6eacvr4creHil cnopoBe. B Heroeara $ranoco-srn nporrrrpa cTpeMexbr Aa ce nolKpenfl Mnpa il Aace npeAorBparnBar Botl H nre.

Kaxro noeeqero penvrvtA no cBera, ur 6ygrasvrurnponoBRABa rvrrap.,{oxa:arencrBo 3a roBa e c6npxaraor cl4xoBe, orHacfult4 ce Ao exe4Heeavte 6ygutctxutnparruxur:"flxavranaAa'| cbAbpxaula 423 crpoSra , eeAHa oT KOT4TO Ce Ka3Ba:

"orrapaaara He Moxe 4a 6uge no6e4eHa c oMpa3a,a eAilHcrBeHo c fio6oB (wnv 6es HrKaKbB rr+ne). Toeae o6qoeceneHcxn saroH'i


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