BUBBLE POWER

PRESENTED BY…

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING,

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

NIRMA UNIVERSITY,

1) MIT PATEL – 13BEE076

2) RAJ PATEL – 13BEE081

3) VIMARSH JOSHI – 13BEE122

CONTEMPORARY SCENARIO

FOR MORE THAN HALF A CENTURY,

THERMONUCLEAR FUSION HAS HELD OUT THE PROMISE

OF CHEAP, CLEAN, AND VIRTUALLY LIMITLESS ENERGY.

UNLEASHED THROUGH A FUSION REACTOR OF SOME

SORT, THE ENERGY FROM 1 GRAM OF DEUTERIUM, AN

ISOTOPE OF HYDROGEN, WOULD BE EQUIVALENT TO

THAT PRODUCED BY BURNING 7000 LITERS OF

GASOLINE.

WHY HAVEN’T WE BUILT ANY SUCH REACTORS??

BASICALLY, BECAUSE AFTER SPENDING BILLIONS OF

DOLLARS ON RESEARCH, WE HAVE YET TO IDENTIFY

AN ECONOMICALLY VIABLE FUSION- REACTOR

TECHNOLOGY THAT CAN CONSISTENTLY PRODUCE

MORE ENERGY THAN IT CONSUMES.

A SPARK !!!!

BUBBLE POWER

INTRODUCTION

IT IS BASICALLY ACOUSTIC INERTIAL CONFINEMENT

FUSION(ALSO KNOWN AS SONOFUSION) IN WHICH BY

APPLYING SOUND WAVES TO A DEUTERIUM-RICH LIQUID,

WE CREATE PRESSURE OSCILLATIONS THAT IMPLODE

TINY BUBBLES FILLED WITH DEUTERIUM VAPOR. THE

BUBBLES' VIOLENT COLLAPSE CAN CAUSE SOME OF

THE DEUTERIUM NUCLEI TO UNDERGO FUSION.

SONOLUMINESCENCE

THE IDEA OF SONOFUSION (TECHNICALLY KNOWN AS ACOUSTIC

INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION) WAS DERIVED FROM A RELATED

PHENOMENON, SONOLUMINESCENCE.

IN SONOLUMINESCENCE A GAS BUBBLE IN A LIQUID IS EXCITED

BY AN ULTRASONIC ACOUSTIC WAVES, IT EMITS SHORT FLASHES

OF LIGHT OF EXTREME TEMPERATURES INSIDE THE BUBBLE.

THE BUBBLES PERIODICALLY GROW AND COLLAPSE, PRODUCING

VISIBLE FLASHES OF LIGHT THAT LAST LESS THAN 50

PICOSECONDS. SPECULATIONS WERE MADE THAT INTERIORS OF

THESE LIGHT EMITTING BUBBLES MIGHT REACH SUCH HIGH

TEMPERATURES AND PRESSURES THAT IT COULD TRIGGER

FUSION REACTION.

PRACTICAL APPARATUS

• VACUUM PUMP

• PYREX FLASK

• DEUTERATED ACETONE(C3D6O)

• PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTAL

• WAVE GENERATOR

• NEUTRON GENERATOR

• NEUTRON AND GAMMA RAY DETECTOR

• MICROPHONE & SPEAKER

PRACTICAL SETUP FOR SONOFUSION

• PYREX GLASS FLASK (100 mm HEIGHT, 65 mm

DIAMETER) .

• LEAD-ZIRCONATE- TITANATE CERAMIC PIEZOELECTRIC

CRYSTAL ATTACHED AROUND THE FLASK.

• FLASK IS FILLED WITH DEUTERATED ACETONE (C3D6O).

• 99.9% OF HYDROGEN ATOMS IN ACETONE MOLECULES

ARE DEUTERIUM.

• OSCILLATING VOLTAGE OF 10V AT A FREQUENCY OF

20,000 HZ IS APPLIED TO PIEZOELECTRIC RING.

• CONCENTRIC PRESSURE WAVES BY RING.

• OSCILLATIONS AT PRESSURE RANGE OF (1500 * 103

PASCAL) OF MAXIMUM PRESSURE TO (-1500 * 103

PASCAL) OF MINIMUM PRESSURE.

• A PULSED NEUTRON GENERATOR IS FIRED WHEN THE

PRESSURE IS AT ITS LOWER LEVEL (-1500 * 103 PASCAL ).

• HIGH ENERGY NEUTRONS AT 14.1MEGA ELECTRON

VOLTS IN A SHORT SPAN OF 6ΜS BY GENERATOR.

• THAT GENERATES IMPLOSION OF BUBBLES ON

SURFACE OF LIQUID.

• IT GENERATES LIGHT AND SOUND, WHICH CAN BE

USED FOR THE GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY.

ACTION IN THE FLASK

• NEUTRONS FLYING

THROUGH THE FLASK,

CREATE A BUBBLE CLUSTER

IN DEUTERATED ACETONE

LIQUID.

• THE FAST MOVING

NEUTRONS MAY KNOCK

ATOMS NUCLEI AND GIVE

THEIR KINETIC ENERGY TO

LIQUID MOLECULES.

STAGE 1:-

STAGE 2:-

• THE NEGATIVE

PRESSURE IN LIQUID

MAKES THE BUBBLES

SWELL 100,000 TIMES

IN SIZE.

STAGE 3:-

• THE LIQUID

PRESSURE TURNS

POSSITIVE AND

COMPRESSES THE

BUBBLE,CAUSING

THEM TO IMPLODE

WITH GREAT

VIOLENCE.

STAGE 4 :-

THE IMPLOSION

CREATES AN

INSTANTANEOUS

PRESSURE OF 10

Tr KPa AND

TEMPRETURE OF

MORE THAN

(100*106) C0,

MAKING THE

DEUTERIUM

FUSE.

FUSION REACTION

EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT TABLETOPNUCLEAR FUSION DEVICE

• WE GATHER TWO KINDS OF EVIDENCE THAT THE

DEUTERIUM IS FUSING.

• THE FIRST IS BY MEASURING LEVELS OF ANOTHER

HYDROGEN ISOTOPE TRITIUM.

• THE SECOND IS NEUTRON EMISSIONS DETECTED BY

THE NEUTRON DETECTOR.

ADVANTAGES OF BUBBLE POWER

• ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY.

• IT CONSISTENTLY PRODUCES MORE ENERGY

THAN IT CONSUMES.

• EASILY CONTROLLABLE.

• EASILY AVAILABLE RAW MATERIALS.

• LOW COST.

LIMITATIONS

• TILL DATE, WE DO NOT HAVE THAT MUCH DEVELOPED

TECHNOLOGY, THAT WE CAN IMPLEMENT A POWER

PLANT .

• MOSTLY BUBBLE POWER RESEARCH IS DONE BY

COMPUTER SIMULATION (KNOWN AS BUBBLE POWER

SIMULATION).

• BUBBLE POWER PLANT REQUIRE HUGE LAND AREA AND

HIGHLY ADVANCE APPARATUS.

APPLICATIONS

• THE TECHNOLOGY MAY LEAD TO A NEW SOURCE OF

FUTURE ENERGY. IT MAY EVEN RESULT IN A NEW CLASS

OF LOW COST ENERGY.

• TO ANALYZE MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS.

• MANUFACTURING OF TRITIUM, WHICH IS USED FOR ALL

IMAGING PURPOSES.

• TO CREATE FULL SIZE NUCLEAR GENERATOR.

CONCLUSION

• THIS PROJECT IS YET TO BE FINISH, BUT IF THIS WILL

SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETE, THEN IT WILL BE A GREAT

REVOLUTIONARY SOURCE OF ENERGY.

• THIS ENERGY WILL PROVIDE CLEAN, CHEAP AND

VIRTUALLY LIMITLESS ENERGY.

REFERENCES:-

1) RICHARD T. LAHERY JR., RUSI P. TALEYARKHAN & ROBERT I. NIGMATULIN,

BUBBLE POWER, IEEE SPECTRUM, PAGE NO. 30-35, MAY 2005.

2) HTTP://WWW.ACADEMIA.EDU/10169081/BUBBLE_POWER_REPORT

3) HTTP://PEDIAIN.COM/SEMINAR/BUBBLE-POWER-SEMINAR-REPORT-PDF-

PPT.HTML

4) WWW.PURDUE.EDU