bubble detection - nonconducting

8/19/2019 Bubble Detection - NonConducting

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Nelson Research, Inc. 2142 – N. 88th St. Seattle, WA. 98103 USA 206-498-9447 ra!"#a!l $ aol.co#

%&''le (etect!on Sensors )or Non-con*&ct!n" +!&!*s

ra!" . Nelson - ons&ltant n"!neer


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oals )or %&''le Sens!n" (e/!ces

1. (etect s#all '&''les !n a s#all )l&!* channel !tho&t !##ers!on o) sensor arts !n the channel

2. (!))erent!ate 'eteen a "as )!lle* channel an* a )l&!* )!lle* channel

3. %e sens!t!/e to rather s#all "as )ract!ons ass!n" *on the s#all )l&!* channel

(es!ra'le eat&res

1. S#all an* )lat

2. Ineens!/e

3. Rel!a'le


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Zen – No Sensor Sensor:

IS

Magnetostatic Methods:

5a"netostat!c %&''le Sens!n" – I#e*ance 5etho* – 1 o!l

5a"netostat!c %&''le Sens!n" – rans)or#er 5etho* – 2 o!ls

5a"netostat!c %&''le Sens!n" – ra*!o#eter 5etho* – 3 o!ls

Galvanic Contact Methods:

No'le 5etal lectro*!c 5etho*s

Permittivity ( Capacitive ) Methods:

A'sol&te aac!tance

(!))erent!al aac!tance

Mass flow Methods:

5echan!cal Resonance o) l&!* +oa*e* %ea#s

ltrasonic Methods:

!tch – atch

5echan!cal I#e*ance


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Nat&re o) the %&''les


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lectr!cal I#e*ance %&''le Sens!n"


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lectro*!c %&''le Sens!n" 5etho*s - 55S


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en – No Sensor Sensor - IS

5eas&re the l!&!* electr!cal !#e*ance &s!n" electro*e

alrea* !n lace )or other reasons.


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aac!t!/e %&''le Sens!n" 5etho*s


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5ass Resonance %&''le Sens!n" - 55S


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:t!cal %&''le Sens!n" 5etho*s


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:t!cal %&''le Sens!n" Sche#es

!tch - atch

!tch – %o&nce - atch


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!ptical "#$$le Sensing – Pitch Catch Method


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:t!cal %&''le Sens!n" – IR 5etho*


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:t!cal %&''le Sens!n" – !tch atch 5etho*

lo In

lo :&t

hoto *etector +(

h!s '&''le *etect!on #etho* cannot *!scr!#!nate 'eteen ;all "as< an* ;all electrolte<


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:t!cal %&''le Sens!n" – !tch atch 5etho*


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:t!cal %&''le Sens!n" – otal Internal Re)lectance = IR > 5etho*


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:t!cal %&''le Sens!n" – !tch %o&nce atch 5etho*


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))ect o) ar"et (!stance an* :r!entat!on


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:t!cal %&''le Sens!n" – !tch %o&nce atch 5etho*

!'er ot!c ath etens!on


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:t!cal Sens!n" – otal Int. Re)lect!on 5etho*r!t!cal an"le

In "eo#etr!c ot!cs, at a re)ract!/e 'o&n*ar, the cr!t!cal

an"le !s the an"le o) !nc!*ence a'o/e h!ch total !nternal

re)lect!on occ&rs.

he an"le o) !nc!*ence !s #eas&re* !th resect to the

nor#al at the re)ract!/e 'o&n*ar. It !s "!/en '

here ?c !s the cr!t!cal an"le, n2 !s the re)ract!/e !n*e o)

the less *ense #e*!, an* n1 !s the re)ract!/e !n*e o) the

*enser #e*!. h!s e&at!on !s a s!#le al!cat!on o)Snell@s la here the an"le o) re)ract!on 90B.

Note otal !nternal re)lect!on onl occ&rs hen the !nc!*ent

ra !s !n the *enser #e*!.

I) the !nc!*ent ra !s rec!sel at the cr!t!cal an"le, the

re)racte* ra !s tan"ent to the 'o&n*ar at the o!nt o)

!nc!*ence.

or /!s!'le l!"ht tra/el!n" )ro# "lass !nto a!r =or /ac&>,

the cr!t!cal an"le !s aro!#atel 41B.

or ater !nto a!r =or /ac&>, the cr!t!cal an"le !s

aro!#atel 48.6B.

or olcar'onate =n1.C9> !nto a!r =or /ac&>, the cr!t!cal

an"le !s aro!#atel 39B.


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:t!cal %&''le Sens!n" – :ther eo#etr!es


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lectron!cs – :t!cal Sens!n"


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:t!cal %&''le Sensor lectron!cs - %as!c


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:t!cal %&''le Sensor lectron!cs - ract!cal


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:t!cal %&''le *"e (etector


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:ther %&''le Sens!n" Sche#es


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aac!t!/e %&''le Sens!n" 5etho*s


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5ass Resonance %&''le Sens!n" - 55S


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(oler Ultrason!c %&''le Sens!n"


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Ultrason!c %&''le Sens!n" – Sste# (!a"ra#


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(oler %&''le Sens!n" – S!"nal atterns


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!cal Ultrason!c %&''le Sens!n" Set&


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Ultrason!c %&''le Sens!n" - Resonance


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o##erc!al – :)) – the – Shel) = :S > ro*&ct :))er!n"s


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:t!cal Sens!n" – o##erc!al (e/!ce - Dohner


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Ultrason!c %&''le Sens!n" - IntroteE


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Ultrason!c %&''le Sens!n" - e/e


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:t!cal %&''le Sens!n" – rl!ch In*&str!al (e/.

http://www.eidusa.com/Interface_Boards_AIR_IN_LINE_AND_SW.htm


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:t!cal %&''le Sens!n" – :teE


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:t!cal %&''le Sens!n" – :teE


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S#ar an* oncl&s!ons

A !*e /ar!et o) '&''le *etect!on sche#es s&!ta'le )or &se !th non-con*&ct!/e

l!&!*s ha/e 'een !ntro*&ce*

5an o) these are ract!cal )or #!n!at&re al!cat!on

5!crorocessor 'ase* electron!c rea*o&ts )or these sens!n" sche#es

are not co#le or eens!/e

bubble detection - nonconducting

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