PAPER PRESENTATION

ON

BUBBLE POWER

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INTRODUCTION The power generation is based on principle of sonofusion.

y Sonofusion was derived from a related phenomenon, sonoluminescence.

y At one day it may become a revolutionary new energy source.

y Sonofusion Research team from various organizations have joined forces to create acoustic fusion technology energy consortium (AFTEC) to promote the development of sonofusion.

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SONOLUMINESCENCE y When a gas bubble in liquid is excited by an

ultrasonic acoustic waves, it can emit short flashes of light of extreme temperatures inside the bubble.

y These flashes of light, known as sonoluminescence, occur as the bubble implodes.

Chemical reactions occurs &yield of photons and ions formed

y Gas bubbles in liquid convert sound energy into liquid.

y It is also called as single bubble sonoluminescenece involve a single gas bubble trapped inside flask by a pressure field.

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THE IDEA OF SONOFUSION

Technically known as acoustic inertial confinement fusion.

In this piezoelectric crystal attached to a liquid-filled flask send pressure waves through the fluid, exciting the motion of tiny gas bubbles.

High temperatures and pressure speculated at the bubble core .

This leading to conditions suitable for thermonuclear fusion.

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BASIC REQUIREMENTS Vacuum pump

Pyrex flask

Piezoelectric crystal

Wave generator

Amplifier Neutron generator

Neutron and gamma ray detector

Photomultiplier

Microphone & speaker

y Dueterated acetone(C3D6O).

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HOW SONOFUSION WORKS Action of vacuum pump to remove natural occuring gas

bubbles in liquid because they cant withstand high temparature&presure.

Fill the flask with deuterated acetone because this atoms can easily undergoes fusion&fiuid can withstand high tension without unwanted bubble.

For initiation an oscillating voltage of 20kHz applied to the ring through wave generator&amplifier,then it contract&expand,flask send pressure wave(max 1500kpa ,min -1500kpa) through liquid.

Fire a pulsed neutron generator when pressure reaches to lowest point.

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ACTION IN THE FLASK

Stage (1)

The fast moving neutrons

may knock atoms

nuclei&give their kinetic

energy to liquid

moleculesflying in the

flask create a bubble

cluster(about 1000

bubbles) in the

deuterated acetone

liquid.

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Stage (2)

y By firing neutron generator in low

pressure i.e, negative

pressure in the liquid

makes the bubbles swell

100000 times in size

(from nano to

millimeter-scale).

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Stage 3 y The liquid pressure

turns positive and

compresses the

bubble, causing them

to implode with great

violence&creates

spherical shockwaves

within bubbles.

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Stage(4)

y The implosion creates an instantaneous

pressure of 10 trillion

kilopascals and

temperature of more

than 100 million

degree C, making the deuterium fuse.

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FUSION REACTION

y Deuterium-Deuterium fusion has two probable outputs, helium and a 2.45-MeVneutron or tritium and a proton.

y The energy of 2.45MeV neutron can be harnessed in a reactor to create water vapor &drive an electricity generator.

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EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT TABLETOP NUCLEAR FUSION DEVICE

y We gather two kinds of evidence that the deuterium is fusing.

y The first is by measuring levels of another hydrogen isotope tritium

y The second is neutron emissions detected by the neutron detector.

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ADVANTAGES

y It is self sustaining.

y Easily control.

y Produce more energy than it consumes.

y Low cost.

y Easily available raw materials.

y Environmental friendly.

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APPLICATIONS y The technology might one day, in theory, lead to a new

source of energy. It may result in a new class of low cost

energy.

y Compact detectors for security applications.

y To analyze molecular structure of materials.

y Machines that cheaply manufacture new synthetic materials & efficiently produce tritium, which is used for

medical imaging to watch dials.

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FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS y Fully self-sustained.

neutrons

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CONCLUSION y For more than half a century, thermonuclear fusion has

held out the promise of cheap, clean and virtually limitless

energy.

y 1 gram of deuterium,an isotope of hydrogen,would be equal to produced by burning 7000liters of gasoline.

y Deuterium abundent in ocean water ,1 cubic kilometer of seawater could supply all the worlds needs for several

hundred years.

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REFERENCE

ywww.purdue.edu

ywww.iter.org

ywww.washington.edu

yFuels& combustion-samir sarkar

yPrinciples of inorganic chemistry- puri,sharma,kalia.

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ANY QUERRIES?

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THANK YOU

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