btadesse/research/re…  · web view · 2006-08-02... .1879551 .0524352 3.58 0.000 .085184...

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- log: K:\Exports\Japan to Haiti.log opened on: 1 Aug 2006, 23:27:49 . . *Dropping Japan . drop if ccode==353880 (10 observations deleted) . . *Descriptive stats after dropping . tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op > en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta > t) variable | N mean sd p50 min max -------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 408354.7 1349560 7348 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33212.85 117083 2790 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.25e+11 8.23e+11 1.63e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.4987 16.80534 102.6185 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.84e+07 1.54e+08 1.02e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1042.252 10901.79 13.89535 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6728.839 4145.086 6764 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13423.87 3490.041 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7136386 .3861908 .63975 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .38 .4856293 0 0 1 gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.050486 .1799924 1.011523 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050 --------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Page 1: btadesse/Research/Re…  · Web view · 2006-08-02... .1879551 .0524352 3.58 0.000 .085184 .2907261. ... -.000172 -.000729 .003852 .005564 -.038711 .002566 -.000088. ... .3562163

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------log: K:\Exports\Japan to Haiti.logopened on: 1 Aug 2006, 23:27:49

.

. *Dropping Japan

. drop if ccode==353880(10 observations deleted)

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 408354.7 1349560 7348 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33212.85 117083 2790 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.25e+11 8.23e+11 1.63e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.4987 16.80534 102.6185 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.84e+07 1.54e+08 1.02e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1042.252 10901.79 13.89535 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6728.839 4145.086 6764 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13423.87 3490.041 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7136386 .3861908 .63975 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .38 .4856293 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.050486 .1799924 1.011523 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 309725.2 1351480 2944.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14610.57 27148.98 1403.5 0 158613 gdp | 870 1.76e+11 8.34e+11 1.00e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.5963 17.1378 101.4003 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.21e+07 1.64e+08 1.03e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1181.998 11681.83 19.96485 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7153.64 4116.432 6927 1293 39620 dist | 870 13262.38 3374.675 14051 2410 17972 phone | 870 151.1935 233.6692 47.025 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7218622 .4072449 .63975 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3908046 .4882114 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.041746 .1846387 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

.

. **Regression of Exports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

.

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**I. Aggregate Exports. xtgls lrexp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 7197.85Log likelihood = -1038.064 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5550987 .0379066 14.64 0.000 .4808031 .6293943 lgdp | 1.03809 .0366482 28.33 0.000 .9662612 1.109919 lgdpau | -3.38994 1.04873 -3.23 0.001 -5.445413 -1.334468lgdpdfrati~w | -2.307953 .409139 -5.64 0.000 -3.109851 -1.506056 lpopau | 4.600131 3.633547 1.27 0.206 -2.52149 11.72175

lpop | .0017432 .0411636 0.04 0.966 -.078936 .0824224 lxrate1 | -.00077 .0151746 -0.05 0.960 -.0305116 .0289717 lremote | .1167348 .0898698 1.30 0.194 -.0594068 .2928763 ldist | -1.360649 .1391784 -9.78 0.000 -1.633433 -1.087864 lopen | .8695006 .0800153 10.87 0.000 .7126736 1.026328 english | .1907217 .092205 2.07 0.039 .0100032 .3714401 white | 3.295692 .5661164 5.82 0.000 2.186124 4.40526 lwhitemg | -.3999217 .05077 -7.88 0.000 -.4994291 -.3004142 _cons | 7.879772 33.42378 0.24 0.814 -57.62964 73.38918------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001437 lgdp | -.000796 .001343 lgdpau | -.001691 .001926 1.09983lgdpdfrati~w | -.000035 .00021 -.054669 .167395 lpopau | .0072 -.009375 -3.76269 .252454 13.2027 lpop | .000074 -.000706 .000446 -.00068 -.004898 .001694 lxrate1 | 9.0e-06 .000202 .00024 .000517 -.001551 -.000065 .00023 lremote | -.000343 .001151 .002627 -.001611 -.01991 -7.0e-06 .000084 ldist | .003468 -.002039 -.003774 .004527 .007559 .001965 .000546 lopen | -.0005 .000275 .006546 -.001373 -.043646 .000895 -.000047 english | -.000846 .001338 -.001737 .002824 .01429 -.000854 .000435 white | .007262 -.00148 .002441 -.012367 -.035023 .008913 .001836 lwhitemg | -.000813 .000183 -.000106 .000734 .002712 -.000798 -.000164 _cons | -.099553 .098917 33.6056 -2.95739 -120.305 .041336 .008301

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .008077 ldist | .001986 .019371 lopen | .002449 .001032 .006402 english | .00011 .000291 -.003134 .008502 white | .016698 .031925 -.000809 .003643 .320488 lwhitemg | -.001084 -.003252 .000074 -.000014 -.028226 .002578 _cons | .14993 -.244789 .513051 -.217791 -.108842 .014257 1117.15

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l

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> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 4867.72Log likelihood = -1453.14 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3437596 .0461243 7.45 0.000 .2533575 .4341616 lgdp | 1.083174 .0693787 15.61 0.000 .9471942 1.219154 lgdpau | -.369367 .4985899 -0.74 0.459 -1.346585 .6078511lgdpdfrati~w | -.2414131 .3013633 -0.80 0.423 -.8320743 .3492482 lpopau | 3.110969 1.800713 1.73 0.084 -.4183649 6.640302 lpop | .0571541 .0930049 0.61 0.539 -.1251321 .2394402 lxrate1 | -.0433518 .0306066 -1.42 0.157 -.1033397 .016636 lremote | -.2524075 .1660361 -1.52 0.128 -.5778322 .0730172 ldist | -3.027325 .4001284 -7.57 0.000 -3.811562 -2.243088 lopen | -.0690879 .0543055 -1.27 0.203 -.1755248 .037349 english | .6908789 .1897619 3.64 0.000 .3189525 1.062805 white | 7.771851 1.096881 7.09 0.000 5.622004 9.921697 lwhitemg | -.8379031 .1171876 -7.15 0.000 -1.067587 -.6082197 _cons | -33.57867 18.19599 -1.85 0.065 -69.24215 2.084814------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002127 lgdp | -.001673 .004813 lgdpau | .001202 -.001729 .248592lgdpdfrati~w | -.001888 .003314 -.024548 .09082 lpopau | -.005077 .00414 -.862846 .108692 3.24257 lpop | -.00011 -.004693 .003601 -.001443 -.019481 .00865 lxrate1 | .00014 .000386 .000615 .002784 -.006575 -.000557 .000937 lremote | .00014 .000443 -.021854 .002906 .092291 -.003534 .000673 ldist | .009139 -.009723 .003621 .002456 -.036553 .005532 .00226 lopen | .00006 -.00031 .002556 .001087 -.011501 .001146 -.000389 english | -.001394 -.000478 .005533 .004585 -.049093 .003103 .001649 white | .010507 -.025711 .022547 -.004074 -.155407 .031741 .00177 lwhitemg | -.00151 .001956 -.004474 .000599 .022783 -.002037 -.00013 _cons | -.005789 .034696 7.95122 -1.35467 -31.4736 .180754 .058568

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .027568 ldist | .00395 .160103 lopen | -.002143 .000737 .002949 english | -.004607 .003919 -.000748 .03601 white | -.011695 .057989 .002807 .040138 1.20315 lwhitemg | .004012 -.007433 -.000603 -.001998 -.12311 .013733 _cons | -1.19984 -.978252 .126304 .617186 1.53986 -.228864 331.094

.

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3327.84Log likelihood = -1553.43 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

lrdiff_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .478518 .0561795 8.52 0.000 .3684081 .5886278 lgdp | 1.042997 .0722648 14.43 0.000 .9013606 1.184633 lgdpau | 2.413488 2.030205 1.19 0.235 -1.56564 6.392617lgdpdfrati~w | -2.24868 .8238164 -2.73 0.006 -3.863331 -.6340298 lpopau | -8.617561 6.989629 -1.23 0.218 -22.31698 5.08186 lpop | -.1286103 .0840903 -1.53 0.126 -.2934242 .0362036 lxrate1 | -.0698393 .0281196 -2.48 0.013 -.1249526 -.0147259 lremote | .0551515 .202122 0.27 0.785 -.3410003 .4513032 ldist | -2.10913 .2629216 -8.02 0.000 -2.624447 -1.593813 lopen | .1242755 .0950964 1.31 0.191 -.06211 .3106609 english | .7486196 .1887779 3.97 0.000 .3786216 1.118618 white | 2.798842 1.142439 2.45 0.014 .5597021 5.037982 lwhitemg | -.259703 .1028844 -2.52 0.012 -.4613528 -.0580533 _cons | 82.10092 64.36876 1.28 0.202 -44.05953 208.2614

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003156 lgdp | -.002551 .005222 lgdpau | -.003006 .006101 4.12173lgdpdfrati~w | -.004015 .002685 -.205562 .678673 lpopau | .010146 -.02924 -13.9747 .964261 48.8549 lpop | .000577 -.004281 -.001226 .000444 .006854 .007071 lxrate1 | .000183 .000519 .000881 -.000352 -.007067 -.000862 .000791 lremote | .004458 -.003398 .002252 -.008518 -.029057 .000452 .000838 ldist | .008319 -.009972 -.008536 .008256 .021704 .005666 .002725 lopen | -.000245 .000396 .014828 .002394 -.079222 .001573 -.000149 english | -.002329 .000641 -.000584 .008958 .012918 -.001965 .001226 white | .02265 -.025703 .033628 -.127669 -.159877 .015138 .002388 lwhitemg | -.001936 .001579 -.002926 .010605 .013439 -.000475 -.000161 _cons | -.175972 .41035 123.88 -11.3694 -444.51 -.15451 .058783

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .040853 ldist | .024265 .069128 lopen | .004693 .002011 .009043 english | -.013058 .008024 -.003007 .035637 white | .08111 .052547 -.000616 -.003921 1.30517 lwhitemg | -.004531 -.001769 .000298 .000719 -.113819 .010585 _cons | -.110601 -.940831 .839278 -.157103 .864022 -.114589 4143.34

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

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Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1167.56Log likelihood = -1634.794 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .6363143 .0667231 9.54 0.000 .5055395 .7670892 lgdp | .6597943 .1130565 5.84 0.000 .4382077 .8813809 lgdpau | 1.438205 1.917927 0.75 0.453 -2.320864 5.197273lgdpdfrati~w | -.2634066 .6614548 -0.40 0.690 -1.559834 1.033021 lpopau | -12.47482 6.576205 -1.90 0.058 -25.36394 .4143068 lpop | .1550639 .1093436 1.42 0.156 -.0592456 .3693734 lxrate1 | .0728141 .04404 1.65 0.098 -.0135027 .1591308 lremote | -1.103095 .3099143 -3.56 0.000 -1.710516 -.4956744 ldist | -.8517923 .6063503 -1.40 0.160 -2.040217 .3366324 lopen | .2414755 .1188889 2.03 0.042 .0084576 .4744934 english | .2710792 .3222344 0.84 0.400 -.3604887 .9026471 white | 13.46662 2.980194 4.52 0.000 7.625553 19.3077 lwhitemg | -1.548792 .3057644 -5.07 0.000 -2.14808 -.9495051 _cons | 171.2116 61.35767 2.79 0.005 50.95277 291.4704------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004452 lgdp | -.005181 .012782 lgdpau | .002709 -.003266 3.67845lgdpdfrati~w | -.007132 .013733 -.146814 .437522 lpopau | -.015573 .000131 -12.3222 .643274 43.2465 lpop | .000789 -.006718 -.002213 -.003349 .008708 .011956 lxrate1 | -.0001 .001346 .002951 .003566 -.024458 -.001334 .00194 lremote | .001725 .007935 -.048205 .00958 .126729 -.006541 -.000382 ldist | .021953 -.018374 -.008299 -.012911 -.071085 .013014 .001319 lopen | -.001149 .001342 -.01703 .005088 .028449 .001884 .000344 english | -.005067 .00677 .019172 .016246 -.085961 .005444 .004129 white | .020221 -.045332 .129838 -.038633 -.599436 .042563 .001952 lwhitemg | -.001998 .003193 -.016004 .002827 .072809 -.003483 -.000174 _cons | .050452 .019257 108.621 -7.4705 -395.377 -.187778 .300737

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .096047 ldist | .052862 .367661 lopen | .003639 -.005564 .014135 english | -.0245 -.002283 -.002217 .103835 white | -.012628 .023846 -.006532 .118837 8.88155 lwhitemg | .005361 -.003718 .000794 -.013256 -.899198 .093492 _cons | -2.25959 -2.46981 -.051901 .895136 6.66227 -.805774 3764.76

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2300.30Log likelihood = -1465.684 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3352744 .046735 7.17 0.000 .2436754 .4268734 lgdp | 1.012871 .0831944 12.17 0.000 .8498126 1.175929 lgdpau | .0404445 .5466657 0.07 0.941 -1.031001 1.11189lgdpdfrati~w | -.0211044 .2950331 -0.07 0.943 -.5993587 .55715 lpopau | -3.728563 1.931609 -1.93 0.054 -7.514447 .057321 lpop | .07098 .0999034 0.71 0.477 -.1248271 .266787 lxrate1 | .0210541 .031066 0.68 0.498 -.0398341 .0819423 lremote | -.219531 .1640263 -1.34 0.181 -.5410167 .1019547 ldist | -2.193534 .4844896 -4.53 0.000 -3.143116 -1.243952 lopen | -.002737 .0569445 -0.05 0.962 -.1143462 .1088722 english | 1.059387 .2434329 4.35 0.000 .5822672 1.536507 white | 11.01993 2.140692 5.15 0.000 6.824247 15.2156 lwhitemg | -1.107178 .2099849 -5.27 0.000 -1.518741 -.6956152 _cons | 61.72103 19.28249 3.20 0.001 23.92804 99.51402------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002184 lgdp | -.002462 .006921 lgdpau | .001403 -.002969 .298843lgdpdfrati~w | -.00194 .003875 -.02933 .087045 lpopau | -.007805 .011494 -1.02595 .13528 3.73111 lpop | .000802 -.005954 .004012 -.002921 -.021905 .009981 lxrate1 | .000084 .000221 .001781 .001993 -.008855 -.000427 .000965 lremote | .000555 .000749 -.021712 .003567 .082201 -.003617 .000012 ldist | .006694 -.00969 -.000274 .001087 -.018484 .007743 .002566 lopen | .000025 -.000186 .001893 .001455 -.009377 .001018 -.000279 english | -.002083 .001559 .009523 .005666 -.034362 .000136 .002678 white | .010011 -.027898 .026809 -.000091 -.152415 .030413 .012388 lwhitemg | -.001158 .001867 -.004108 .000251 .020535 -.001888 -.001098 _cons | .057526 -.08252 9.39209 -1.64918 -35.5159 .193904 .0702

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .026905 ldist | .011185 .23473 lopen | -.001184 -.000605 .003243 english | -.007562 .024447 -.001062 .05926 white | .029647 -.18102 -.005137 .027103 4.58256 lwhitemg | -.000756 .019232 .00027 -.000997 -.445408 .044094 _cons | -1.10302 -1.99102 .111942 .090657 3.33145 -.412429 371.814

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2744.28

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Log likelihood = -1571.013 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .436306 .0593045 7.36 0.000 .3200712 .5525407 lgdp | 1.155671 .0805035 14.36 0.000 .9978875 1.313455 lgdpau | 2.088566 2.107277 0.99 0.322 -2.041621 6.218754lgdpdfrati~w | -2.440642 .8259208 -2.96 0.003 -4.059417 -.821867 lpopau | -7.718394 7.252481 -1.06 0.287 -21.933 6.496207 lpop | -.2460088 .0864493 -2.85 0.004 -.4154462 -.0765713 lxrate1 | -.0332616 .028589 -1.16 0.245 -.0892951 .0227718 lremote | .1879974 .2001002 0.94 0.347 -.2041917 .5801865 ldist | -2.066569 .2609847 -7.92 0.000 -2.57809 -1.555048 lopen | .1176606 .0971668 1.21 0.226 -.0727829 .3081041 english | .8915469 .2049952 4.35 0.000 .4897638 1.29333 white | 2.94318 1.15209 2.55 0.011 .6851254 5.201234 lwhitemg | -.2633589 .1046274 -2.52 0.012 -.4684248 -.0582931 _cons | 73.62062 66.81237 1.10 0.271 -57.32923 204.5705------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003517 lgdp | -.003213 .006481 lgdpau | -.003879 .00717 4.44062lgdpdfrati~w | -.004144 .003363 -.209932 .682145 lpopau | .014044 -.03509 -15.0437 .958214 52.5985 lpop | .001314 -.005208 -.001612 -.001551 .009915 .007473 lxrate1 | -4.6e-06 .000739 .000912 .000665 -.008052 -.001062 .000817 lremote | .003776 -.002246 .00026 -.007259 -.021012 .001221 .000464 ldist | .008051 -.008834 -.0103 .008754 .025312 .005624 .001988 lopen | -.000293 .000294 .015623 .003119 -.082219 .001793 -.000179 english | -.004387 .003766 .002101 .012493 -.003448 -.003852 .00157 white | .020992 -.025627 .028906 -.119629 -.126683 .016946 .000171 lwhitemg | -.001839 .00161 -.002588 .010156 .010776 -.000611 .000035 _cons | -.206527 .446093 133.273 -11.1585 -478.617 -.187845 .082811

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .04004 ldist | .024783 .068113 lopen | .004306 .001733 .009441 english | -.013471 .006311 -.002946 .042023 white | .073395 .021972 -.001626 -.018058 1.32731 lwhitemg | -.004145 .000961 .000399 .002112 -.116875 .010947 _cons | -.224532 -.970142 .872976 .028242 .777849 -.108324 4463.89

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3042.75Log likelihood = -1504.654 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

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-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5678056 .043044 13.19 0.000 .483441 .6521703 lgdp | 1.096851 .0661146 16.59 0.000 .9672685 1.226433 lgdpau | -.5381316 .6518736 -0.83 0.409 -1.81578 .7395171lgdpdfrati~w | -.5219629 .4763054 -1.10 0.273 -1.455504 .4115786 lpopau | 1.230689 2.328909 0.53 0.597 -3.33389 5.795267 lpop | -.1825936 .0815983 -2.24 0.025 -.3425233 -.0226638 lxrate1 | -.041516 .0297248 -1.40 0.163 -.0997756 .0167436 lremote | -.7403589 .1900507 -3.90 0.000 -1.112851 -.3678665 ldist | -2.014169 .2899116 -6.95 0.000 -2.582385 -1.445953 lopen | .0326367 .0707624 0.46 0.645 -.1060551 .1713285 english | .6583073 .2302737 2.86 0.004 .2069792 1.109635 white | 5.90949 2.059323 2.87 0.004 1.873291 9.945688 lwhitemg | -.8301069 .2123196 -3.91 0.000 -1.246246 -.4139681 _cons | -.1292171 23.29379 -0.01 0.996 -45.78421 45.52577------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001853 lgdp | -.001876 .004371 lgdpau | -.000183 -.003025 .424939lgdpdfrati~w | -.003237 .003331 -.05505 .226867 lpopau | .001369 .005412 -1.46664 .289593 5.42382 lpop | .000142 -.002974 .003965 .001451 -.020365 .006658 lxrate1 | -.000331 .000558 .001401 .002634 -.009285 -.000157 .000884 lremote | .001989 .00091 -.026401 .001073 .108281 -.004047 .000195 ldist | .00479 -.007939 -.007041 .003282 .00935 .011187 .000772 lopen | .000036 -.000748 -.000462 .005239 -.003319 .001682 -.000333 english | -.001374 .002014 .014279 .008626 -.085119 .002711 .00289 white | .010098 -.013045 .03788 -.006982 -.228782 .019345 .006752 lwhitemg | -.00084 .000935 -.004595 .001259 .025939 -.001676 -.000428 _cons | -.048259 .009445 13.5372 -3.73252 -52.6211 .124362 .093476

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .036119 ldist | .018319 .084049 lopen | -.0021 .000652 .005007 english | -.012532 .014733 -.001243 .053026 white | .00926 .072358 -.002189 .065287 4.24081 lwhitemg | .001326 -.004791 .000081 -.006567 -.432213 .04508 _cons | -1.56264 -.96748 .068464 .895464 1.92033 -.262891 542.601

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrxnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 591.14Log likelihood = -1188.457 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5158572 .0677734 7.61 0.000 .3830237 .6486907 lgdp | .2019493 .120422 1.68 0.094 -.0340735 .437972 lgdpau | -3.427436 1.495914 -2.29 0.022 -6.359373 -.4954996lgdpdfrati~w | -1.928901 .6756609 -2.85 0.004 -3.253172 -.6046297

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lpopau | 13.44411 5.121387 2.63 0.009 3.40638 23.48185 lpop | .2330285 .115913 2.01 0.044 .0058432 .4602138 lxrate1 | -.1257486 .0409022 -3.07 0.002 -.2059155 -.0455817 lremote | -.2794388 .3336039 -0.84 0.402 -.9332904 .3744129 ldist | -1.28554 .3931764 -3.27 0.001 -2.056151 -.5149282 lopen | -.0724995 .1431088 -0.51 0.612 -.3529876 .2079886 english | .7332262 .26024 2.82 0.005 .2231651 1.243287 white | 13.22655 1.437983 9.20 0.000 10.40816 16.04495 lwhitemg | -1.415113 .1215645 -11.64 0.000 -1.653375 -1.176851 _cons | -121.2929 47.61461 -2.55 0.011 -214.6159 -27.97------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004593 lgdp | -.00469 .014501 lgdpau | -.004146 .005721 2.23776lgdpdfrati~w | -.0033 .002262 .020588 .456518 lpopau | .013835 -.039309 -7.46534 .101476 26.2286 lpop | .000813 -.008847 -.000122 -.000735 .004488 .013436 lxrate1 | -.000073 .001651 .001149 .002025 -.009762 -.002209 .001673 lremote | .002797 .003477 -.034948 -.059422 .025889 -.003792 .000093 ldist | .013925 -.010547 -.016376 -.009817 .00634 .011512 .001271 lopen | .000607 -.001371 .010302 .002655 -.079907 .004329 -.000544 english | -.00574 .006613 .009711 .018116 -.020613 -.002235 .002871 white | .023838 -.055341 -.00252 -.06246 .032131 .057115 -.006661 lwhitemg | -.002356 .003354 -.002757 .000865 .004283 -.004387 .000638 _cons | -.207652 .401478 65.4687 -2.11866 -239.047 -.152869 .107803

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .111292 ldist | .029725 .154588 lopen | .006051 .004516 .02048 english | -.020394 .002221 -.008449 .067725 white | .029827 .151422 -.002164 .084177 2.06779 lwhitemg | .005609 -.016039 .000367 -.00843 -.163833 .014778 _cons | -.734549 -1.42425 .936018 .103052 -1.94382 .114884 2267.15

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrxmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1087.13Log likelihood = -977.525 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2540257 .0454185 5.59 0.000 .1650072 .3430442 lgdp | .2924514 .1029053 2.84 0.004 .0907608 .494142 lgdpau | -2.241187 1.141368 -1.96 0.050 -4.478227 -.004147lgdpdfrati~w | -4.782904 .4751891 -10.07 0.000 -5.714258 -3.851551 lpopau | 8.871553 3.946982 2.25 0.025 1.13561 16.6075 lpop | .1797094 .0827638 2.17 0.030 .0174954 .3419233 lxrate1 | -.0824893 .0296505 -2.78 0.005 -.1406031 -.0243754 lremote | .4729803 .1716898 2.75 0.006 .1364745 .8094861

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ldist | -2.290183 .2451398 -9.34 0.000 -2.770648 -1.809718 lopen | -.0813349 .0514855 -1.58 0.114 -.1822446 .0195749 english | .5773919 .1814811 3.18 0.001 .2216955 .9330882 white | 9.453139 .8295366 11.40 0.000 7.827277 11.079 lwhitemg | -.8427273 .0735556 -11.46 0.000 -.9868937 -.6985609 _cons | -69.27753 36.76603 -1.88 0.060 -141.3376 2.782563------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002063 lgdp | -.003172 .010589 lgdpau | -.002479 .005948 1.30272lgdpdfrati~w | -.002872 .00708 -.056517 .225805 lpopau | .012805 -.037537 -4.41919 .258316 15.5787 lpop | .002112 -.007426 -.002702 -.005213 .01849 .00685 lxrate1 | -.000087 .001133 .000944 .001149 -.007595 -.000902 .000879 lremote | .001325 -.00178 -.003502 -.01165 -.012182 .00297 -.000348 ldist | .006048 -.010831 -.011933 -.010087 .05771 .009172 -.00075 lopen | -.000101 .000147 .004587 .002264 -.022069 .000525 -.000061 english | -.002555 .001922 .001268 .003829 .003994 .001478 .000137 white | .017092 -.03658 -.022781 -.037796 .102202 .039959 -.005626 lwhitemg | -.001287 .001362 .001047 .001045 -.005127 -.00223 .000338 _cons | -.188485 .472219 39.2619 -2.90402 -142.794 -.294779 .096853

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .029477 ldist | .018642 .060094 lopen | .000536 .000388 .002651 english | -.003681 .010625 -.00063 .032935 white | .056143 .086284 .001003 .017182 .688131 lwhitemg | -.002891 -.005957 -.000166 -.000899 -.056691 .00541 _cons | -.142133 -1.30987 .226503 -.237402 -2.28762 .151564 1351.74

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrxsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 791.06Log likelihood = -1443.106 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4214535 .0898737 4.69 0.000 .2453042 .5976028 lgdp | .0895017 .1430557 0.63 0.532 -.1908823 .3698857 lgdpau | -.7562012 1.036666 -0.73 0.466 -2.788029 1.275627lgdpdfrati~w | -.6695967 .5194025 -1.29 0.197 -1.687607 .3484134 lpopau | 9.656988 3.498392 2.76 0.006 2.800266 16.51371 lpop | .1028432 .1390924 0.74 0.460 -.1697729 .3754592 lxrate1 | -.0826293 .0448425 -1.84 0.065 -.170519 .0052604 lremote | .2798374 .2361125 1.19 0.236 -.1829347 .7426094 ldist | -1.748019 .4522192 -3.87 0.000 -2.634352 -.8616854 lopen | -.188585 .1655132 -1.14 0.255 -.512985 .1358149 english | 1.70816 .3132633 5.45 0.000 1.094175 2.322144 white | 20.87679 1.882989 11.09 0.000 17.1862 24.56738

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lwhitemg | -1.973608 .1820959 -10.84 0.000 -2.330509 -1.616706 _cons | -127.6721 32.89547 -3.88 0.000 -192.146 -63.19813------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .008077 lgdp | -.010006 .020465 lgdpau | -.010553 .011395 1.07468lgdpdfrati~w | -.00309 -.001603 .110934 .269779 lpopau | .033075 -.029133 -3.48255 -.198597 12.2387 lpop | .003146 -.012287 -.001975 .001864 -.016053 .019347 lxrate1 | .000582 .001327 -.000872 -.000895 .005846 -.002341 .002011 lremote | .002985 .001702 -.03859 -.049815 .000374 -.001293 .000649 ldist | .019507 -.022292 -.047776 -.035176 .082784 .023045 .002261 lopen | -.00071 .000021 .004365 -.007511 -.074011 .00657 -.00137 english | -.012494 .011269 .009111 .000304 -.059188 .00403 .001615 white | .034835 -.072105 -.047899 -.043093 .033294 .077525 .001257 lwhitemg | -.003245 .00517 .001306 .000604 -.006449 -.00583 -.000292 _cons | -.34976 .161966 30.0825 .889441 -111.628 .074752 -.105892

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .055749 ldist | .041413 .204502 lopen | .011223 .004103 .027395 english | -.000808 .012752 -.008064 .098134 white | .033967 .152048 -.002987 .093423 3.54565 lwhitemg | .000132 -.012285 .000708 -.005777 -.335393 .033159 _cons | .154443 -2.3772 .909957 .34387 -.830638 .186274 1082.11

. xtgls lrxsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 840.30Log likelihood = -227.2679 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0141227 .0165472 0.85 0.393 -.0183093 .0465547 lgdp | .0150095 .0407596 0.37 0.713 -.0648779 .0948969 lgdpau | .0389945 .2716775 0.14 0.886 -.4934836 .5714725lgdpdfrati~w | -.1392194 .1505798 -0.92 0.355 -.4343504 .1559115 lpopau | 3.217764 .9880504 3.26 0.001 1.281221 5.154307 lpop | .2376297 .0466017 5.10 0.000 .146292 .3289674 lxrate1 | -.0500633 .0137244 -3.65 0.000 -.0769625 -.023164 lremote | -.0648514 .0961429 -0.67 0.500 -.2532881 .1235853 ldist | -3.34565 .3544081 -9.44 0.000 -4.040277 -2.651022 lopen | -.0165982 .024524 -0.68 0.499 -.0646644 .031468 english | 1.295905 .1516025 8.55 0.000 .9987698 1.593041 white | 19.98796 1.378854 14.50 0.000 17.28546 22.69047 lwhitemg | -1.619062 .1314624 -12.32 0.000 -1.876724 -1.361401 _cons | -25.09185 11.20988 -2.24 0.025 -47.0628 -3.120896------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1

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-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000274 lgdp | -.000203 .001661 lgdpau | .000267 -.000854 .073809lgdpdfrati~w | -.000169 .000126 -.005653 .022674 lpopau | -.000953 .001992 -.250378 .030092 .976243 lpop | -.000075 -.001109 .000031 .000112 -.003562 .002172 lxrate1 | .000018 -.000013 .000388 .000255 -.003352 .000055 .000188 lremote | .000243 .000827 -.005396 -.001006 .012997 -.000148 .000058 ldist | .001362 .001823 -.00601 -.000195 .036543 -.00171 -.000407 lopen | .000039 -.000061 .000086 -.000245 -.001893 .000102 -7.0e-06 english | -.000545 .000953 -.000593 -.000959 .014607 .000583 -.000031 white | .000454 -.004269 .002762 -.003983 -.041877 .008972 .000752 lwhitemg | -.000094 .000039 -.000421 .000274 .003236 -.000613 -.00003 _cons | -.001627 -.054931 2.34408 -.368088 -10.0942 .067354 .047225

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .009243 ldist | .010279 .125605 lopen | .000089 -.00048 .000601 english | .00058 .018844 -.000545 .022983 white | .007812 .011795 -.000246 .02572 1.90124 lwhitemg | -.000404 -.003017 .000057 -.002935 -.176654 .017282 _cons | -.270341 -1.7638 .033228 -.44366 .388754 -.000755 125.661

. xtgls lrxsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 713.62Log likelihood = -1334.821 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2877512 .0623813 4.61 0.000 .1654862 .4100163 lgdp | .5406082 .1229793 4.40 0.000 .2995733 .7816432 lgdpau | -5.336648 1.94787 -2.74 0.006 -9.154402 -1.518893lgdpdfrati~w | -.5960073 .8897799 -0.67 0.503 -2.339944 1.147929 lpopau | 15.56121 6.742933 2.31 0.021 2.345301 28.77711 lpop | .249965 .1357648 1.84 0.066 -.0161292 .5160592 lxrate1 | -.071414 .0432143 -1.65 0.098 -.1561126 .0132846 lremote | -.7452822 .350262 -2.13 0.033 -1.431783 -.0587813 ldist | -2.448682 .4729609 -5.18 0.000 -3.375668 -1.521695 lopen | -.0630816 .1890953 -0.33 0.739 -.4337016 .3075384 english | .2553981 .2830401 0.90 0.367 -.2993502 .8101465 white | 11.42099 1.4812 7.71 0.000 8.517891 14.32409 lwhitemg | -1.272384 .1541323 -8.26 0.000 -1.574477 -.9702899 _cons | -100.8145 63.10697 -1.60 0.110 -224.5019 22.87292------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003891 lgdp | -.005335 .015124 lgdpau | -.003171 .007315 3.7942lgdpdfrati~w | -.006891 .008798 -.095764 .791708 lpopau | .012662 -.048406 -12.8181 .619349 45.4671 lpop | .001608 -.009877 .001172 -.005087 -.013265 .018432

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lxrate1 | -.000484 .002094 .003131 .005597 -.018757 -.002133 .001867 lremote | .00476 -.007616 -.029857 -.062522 .067776 .002149 -.006563 ldist | .018424 -.022478 -.012519 -.043645 -.040398 .015933 -.002867 lopen | .000252 -.001243 .016256 -.004418 -.167005 .008358 -.001076 english | -.003007 .007577 .007511 .023562 -.03352 -.000968 .004944 white | .029453 -.062433 -.01965 -.0355 .128986 .066147 -.004048 lwhitemg | -.002481 .003512 -.001786 -.001863 .003343 -.005191 -.000194 _cons | -.262565 .718386 113.416 -7.73195 -417.867 -.038907 .290039

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .122683 ldist | .050569 .223692

lopen | .015495 .013653 .035757 english | -.01834 .014186 -.00895 .080112 white | .061542 .207843 -.005367 .113291 2.19395 lwhitemg | .005107 -.019767 .001316 -.013372 -.217514 .023757 _cons | -1.70219 -1.35958 2.0111 .182592 -3.94917 .158199 3982.49

. xtgls lrxsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 236.92Log likelihood = -703.5075 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0712144 .0448943 1.59 0.113 -.0167768 .1592056 lgdp | .0314049 .1064804 0.29 0.768 -.1772928 .2401025 lgdpau | .0776771 .8520257 0.09 0.927 -1.592263 1.747617lgdpdfrati~w | .1168835 .2959422 0.39 0.693 -.4631525 .6969195 lpopau | -1.931884 2.926826 -0.66 0.509 -7.668358 3.804589 lpop | .6919359 .1229871 5.63 0.000 .4508855 .9329863 lxrate1 | .021716 .0325773 0.67 0.505 -.0421344 .0855664 lremote | -.1968129 .2956817 -0.67 0.506 -.7763385 .3827126 ldist | -2.143472 .6112554 -3.51 0.000 -3.34151 -.945433 lopen | .0160792 .060065 0.27 0.789 -.101646 .1338045 english | 1.77508 .378685 4.69 0.000 1.032871 2.517289 white | 14.25916 2.415741 5.90 0.000 9.524396 18.99393 lwhitemg | -1.088208 .2147246 -5.07 0.000 -1.509061 -.6673559 _cons | 41.17576 28.33947 1.45 0.146 -14.36858 96.7201------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002015 lgdp | -.001447 .011338 lgdpau | .00155 -.001681 .725948lgdpdfrati~w | -.00157 .002536 -.025196 .087582 lpopau | -.012267 -.003817 -2.422 .088193 8.56631 lpop | .000079 -.008823 -.000878 -.000847 .002527 .015126 lxrate1 | .000133 .000447 .001381 .002085 -.010503 -.000603 .001061 lremote | .001013 .007121 -.043829 -.013768 .133138 -.00541 -.000869 ldist | .007384 -.000141 -.006109 -.000854 -.032537 .008162 .001864 lopen | .00017 -.000552 -.00256 .00407 .004839 .001035 -.000074 english | -.004203 -.006813 .005162 .005657 -.018763 .012255 .001864 white | .005176 -.057246 .044616 -.013793 -.184249 .07762 -.000379

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lwhitemg | -.000874 .002951 -.007364 .000232 .032947 -.005816 -.00003 _cons | .107615 -.062097 21.6382 -.801886 -79.4101 -.089226 .120818

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .087428 ldist | .027044 .373633 lopen | .000041 .001048 .003608 english | -.016379 .056855 -.000703 .143402 white | -.027047 .124716 .003469 .222893 5.83581 lwhitemg | .006441 -.018459 -.000267 -.02074 -.498552 .046107 _cons | -2.14365 -3.27601 -.029898 -.29036 .91347 -.200732 803.126

. xtgls lrxsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 203.36Log likelihood = -797.5511 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0255547 .0437746 0.58 0.559 -.0602419 .1113513 lgdp | .028529 .0864403 0.33 0.741 -.1408908 .1979488 lgdpau | .3000359 .7271886 0.41 0.680 -1.125228 1.725299lgdpdfrati~w | -.0065966 .2616811 -0.03 0.980 -.5194821 .5062889 lpopau | -1.090596 2.497519 -0.44 0.662 -5.985643 3.804451 lpop | .5406806 .1071804 5.04 0.000 .3306108 .7507503 lxrate1 | -.0082805 .0214153 -0.39 0.699 -.0502537 .0336927 lremote | .1795956 .2550042 0.70 0.481 -.3202035 .6793946 ldist | -2.553358 .4052337 -6.30 0.000 -3.347602 -1.759115 lopen | .0368814 .0552262 0.67 0.504 -.0713599 .1451227 english | .7996137 .354102 2.26 0.024 .1055866 1.493641 white | -.5656682 1.761444 -0.32 0.748 -4.018035 2.886698 lwhitemg | .1171485 .1730685 0.68 0.498 -.2220595 .4563564 _cons | 25.09143 24.24928 1.03 0.301 -22.43629 72.61914------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001916 lgdp | -.001531 .007472 lgdpau | -.000801 .000438 .528803lgdpdfrati~w | -.000468 .0011 -.034457 .068477 lpopau | -.003349 -.003791 -1.75962 .114548 6.2376 lpop | .000023 -.005263 .000456 -.001178 -.012091 .011488 lxrate1 | .000144 .000077 -.000724 .001342 -.002026 -.000228 .000459 lremote | .002345 .004468 -.031099 -.008197 .092699 -.004376 .000063 ldist | .0053 -.00478 -.018149 -.002508 .045311 .001746 .000541 lopen | -.000142 .00033 .002559 .000619 -.012057 .00074 -.00006 english | -.003945 -.003497 .000683 .003068 .015791 .001706 .000623 white | .005959 -.034138 -.007698 -.014888 -.054372 .043315 .00195 lwhitemg | -.000679 .001928 -.002039 .000724 .015187 -.002916 -.000146 _cons | .031083 -.020058 15.7855 -.977332 -58.4017 .149201 .045209

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .065027 ldist | .031363 .164214

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lopen | .000484 -.000818 .00305 english | -.012059 .049582 -.001501 .125388 white | .032438 .047226 -.001081 .151244 3.10268 lwhitemg | .000108 -.003074 .000114 -.013735 -.294723 .029953 _cons | -1.62295 -2.07155 .119263 -.606552 .393345 -.161947 588.027

. xtgls lrxsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 552.23Log likelihood = -1067.822 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1791247 .0754258 2.37 0.018 .0312928 .3269567 lgdp | .4399303 .1406774 3.13 0.002 .1642076 .715653 lgdpau | -.6130512 .812755 -0.75 0.451 -2.206022 .9799194lgdpdfrati~w | -.6735741 .3731863 -1.80 0.071 -1.405006 .0578575 lpopau | 7.201329 2.743881 2.62 0.009 1.82342 12.57924 lpop | .2905975 .1256918 2.31 0.021 .0442462 .5369489 lxrate1 | -.1649444 .0352879 -4.67 0.000 -.2341074 -.0957813 lremote | .1881438 .2334382 0.81 0.420 -.2693866 .6456742 ldist | -2.749275 .4362211 -6.30 0.000 -3.604252 -1.894297 lopen | .1106761 .091759 1.21 0.228 -.0691683 .2905205 english | .6054281 .2697023 2.24 0.025 .0768214 1.134035 white | 13.08535 1.951941 6.70 0.000 9.25962 16.91109 lwhitemg | -1.230518 .1860782 -6.61 0.000 -1.595225 -.8658116 _cons | -89.73841 26.05504 -3.44 0.001 -140.8054 -38.67146------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005689 lgdp | -.00651 .01979 lgdpau | -.003981 .004495 .660571lgdpdfrati~w | -.000105 -.000881 .035484 .139268 lpopau | .011734 -.022973 -2.14777 -.045119 7.52889 lpop | .001556 -.012269 -.001028 .001596 .003613 .015798 lxrate1 | .000485 .000987 .001121 .00083 -.006015 -.001296 .001245 lremote | .000867 .006916 -.032184 -.025913 .024601 -.006455 .001764 ldist | .014889 -.009388 -.022013 -.003183 .063107 .001754 .001325 lopen | -.000084 -.000056 .000334 .002362 -.022824 .001769 -.000527 english | -.005802 .016324 .000721 -.002674 -.00929 -.011579 -.000248 white | .030225 -.056574 -.051459 -.034538 .065186 .050307 -.002173 lwhitemg | -.00274 .002553 .001727 .000616 -.002313 -.002486 .000101 _cons | -.152372 .068575 18.6892 -.074516 -68.9551 .030548 .032694

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .054493 ldist | .022718 .190289 lopen | .002092 -.000184 .00842 english | .006724 .025531 -.004102 .072739 white | .040774 .095932 -.004915 .042209 3.81007 lwhitemg | -.000476 -.011051 .00036 -.006242 -.352106 .034625 _cons | -.297586 -2.39531 .334718 -.337211 -.701284 .104262 678.865

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. xtgls lrxsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 790.67Log likelihood = -1134.424 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3242283 .0741459 4.37 0.000 .1789049 .4695517 lgdp | .3880307 .1153332 3.36 0.001 .1619817 .6140797 lgdpau | .2078817 1.258425 0.17 0.869 -2.258585 2.674349lgdpdfrati~w | -1.554922 .5979277 -2.60 0.009 -2.726839 -.3830057 lpopau | 2.213907 4.303029 0.51 0.607 -6.219875 10.64769 lpop | .127777 .1133587 1.13 0.260 -.0944021 .349956 lxrate1 | -.0879194 .0404951 -2.17 0.030 -.1672882 -.0085506 lremote | .3554641 .3007381 1.18 0.237 -.2339717 .9448999 ldist | -2.205864 .4338966 -5.08 0.000 -3.056285 -1.355442 lopen | -.083544 .0837616 -1.00 0.319 -.2477136 .0806256 english | 1.267271 .2906386 4.36 0.000 .6976297 1.836912 white | 12.43174 1.301193 9.55 0.000 9.88145 14.98203 lwhitemg | -1.193032 .1280705 -9.32 0.000 -1.444045 -.9420183 _cons | -31.01358 40.25379 -0.77 0.441 -109.9096 47.8824------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005498 lgdp | -.005731 .013302 lgdpau | -.004314 .008155 1.58363lgdpdfrati~w | -.004294 .006571 .022562 .357518 lpopau | .009053 -.032598 -5.26282 .117017 18.5161 lpop | .001673 -.008954 -.004485 -.002541 .015274 .01285 lxrate1 | .00067 .000734 .002559 .001113 -.014924 -.001253 .00164 lremote | .005017 -.002447 -.028594 -.04692 -.007456 -.00056 .001732 ldist | .015723 -.011997 -.025311 -.024511 .041821 .006604 .001168 lopen | -.000247 .000762 .001096 .001269 -.022682 .000625 -.000246 english | -.005024 .008282 .001922 .000728 .006039 -.004583 -.001372 white | .032035 -.055749 -.056256 -.044088 .120371 .053293 -.002009 lwhitemg | -.002559 .003088 .002323 -.00065 -.007821 -.003674 .000201 _cons | -.159153 .328391 46.1288 -2.3541 -169.167 -.196618 .147462

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .090443 ldist | .051734 .188266

lopen | .003162 .001348 .007016 english | .00209 .038792 -.002457 .084471 white | .092507 .135889 -.006679 .0347 1.6931 lwhitemg | -.002171 -.012348 .000406 -.004509 -.158542 .016402 _cons | -.331704 -2.18709 .288166 -.63697 -2.38552 .212078 1620.37

. xtgls lrxsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

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Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 436.81Log likelihood = -1207.238 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2701785 .0495902 5.45 0.000 .1729836 .3673734 lgdp | .0919492 .1065138 0.86 0.388 -.1168139 .3007123 lgdpau | -2.096346 1.356882 -1.54 0.122 -4.755785 .5630938lgdpdfrati~w | -2.189411 .622546 -3.52 0.000 -3.409579 -.9692434 lpopau | 6.767879 4.63107 1.46 0.144 -2.308851 15.84461 lpop | .231441 .0753092 3.07 0.002 .0838377 .3790443 lxrate1 | -.1325442 .0380676 -3.48 0.000 -.2071553 -.057933 lremote | 1.026404 .2498476 4.11 0.000 .5367123 1.516097 ldist | -.9108151 .3773827 -2.41 0.016 -1.650472 -.1711585 lopen | .0723093 .1158774 0.62 0.533 -.1548062 .2994247 english | .5838657 .1743356 3.35 0.001 .2421742 .9255572 white | 8.338461 1.310965 6.36 0.000 5.769016 10.9079 lwhitemg | -.6419599 .1275949 -5.03 0.000 -.8920413 -.3918785 _cons | -56.25954 42.84577 -1.31 0.189 -140.2357 27.71662------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002459 lgdp | -.002376 .011345 lgdpau | -.003177 .005583 1.84113lgdpdfrati~w | -.001248 .000925 .091836 .387564 lpopau | .011772 -.036357 -6.14242 -.168741 21.4468 lpop | .000398 -.005559 -.000968 -.001672 .005169 .005671 lxrate1 | .000268 .001661 .001453 .001266 -.008992 -.001572 .001449 lremote | -.000106 .001634 -.028303 -.043733 .052738 .001248 -.00121 ldist | .010831 -.003247 -.021216 -.021968 .029156 .003495 .001948 lopen | -.000161 -.000336 .007488 .001541 -.054098 .003277 -.00026 english | -.002848 .004754 .008734 .00799 -.030798 .000675 .000451 white | .011616 -.03102 -.023581 -.052757 .072857 .027723 -.006398 lwhitemg | -.001336 .000576 -.000931 .000687 .00519 -.001333 .000065 _cons | -.181274 .312462 53.8535 .585308 -194.628 -.062102 .083117

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .062424 ldist | .031902 .142418 lopen | .003531 .007578 .013428 english | -.009278 -.003123 -.000442 .030393 white | .033437 .081704 .006979 .036129 1.71863 lwhitemg | .001858 -.009638 -.000558 -.004149 -.157623 .01628 _cons | -.985788 -1.5888 .56381 .267857 -1.42132 .03108 1835.76

. xtgls lrxsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 476.44

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Log likelihood = -990.8202 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1879551 .0524352 3.58 0.000 .085184 .2907261 lgdp | .3623235 .1075433 3.37 0.001 .1515424 .5731045 lgdpau | -1.293943 1.334931 -0.97 0.332 -3.91036 1.322473lgdpdfrati~w | -1.045676 .560786 -1.86 0.062 -2.144796 .0534446 lpopau | 4.176666 4.586158 0.91 0.362 -4.812038 13.16537 lpop | .115032 .101025 1.14 0.255 -.0829734 .3130375 lxrate1 | -.0605648 .0394749 -1.53 0.125 -.1379341 .0168045 lremote | -.8257221 .3115837 -2.65 0.008 -1.436415 -.2150292 ldist | -2.48644 .4605412 -5.40 0.000 -3.389084 -1.583796 lopen | .017317 .101417 0.17 0.864 -.1814566 .2160906 english | .6811814 .2042268 3.34 0.001 .2809043 1.081458 white | 11.6929 1.677563 6.97 0.000 8.404937 14.98086 lwhitemg | -1.143218 .1492513 -7.66 0.000 -1.435745 -.850691 _cons | -10.12596 43.08546 -0.24 0.814 -94.5719 74.31998------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002749 lgdp | -.002762 .011566 lgdpau | -.002655 .004902 1.78204lgdpdfrati~w | -.001707 .001274 -.03092 .314481 lpopau | .010208 -.031497 -5.97769 .18632 21.0328 lpop | -.000099 -.006841 -.001578 -.000111 .008616 .010206 lxrate1 | .000025 .001658 .002739 .002336 -.015822 -.001679 .001558 lremote | .003852 .002462 -.025042 -.036043 .061364 -.003296 -.00091 ldist | .011459 -.00849 -.021539 -.0165 .056026 .005982 -.000356 lopen | -.000172 -.000729 .003852 .005564 -.038711 .002566 -.000088 english | -.002339 .001848 .008391 .007604 -.030902 .00014 .002304 white | .013383 -.041677 .017381 -.026811 -.006178 .042583 -.006116 lwhitemg | -.001135 .001514 -.003119 .000028 .008041 -.002684 .000332 _cons | -.192605 .31077 52.7874 -2.15605 -192.908 -.131161 .183625

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .097084 ldist | .05025 .212098 lopen | .002076 .001008 .010285 english | -.01605 .012662 -.001371 .041709 white | .034895 .136072 .002023 .045232 2.81422 lwhitemg | .001074 -.012953 .00003 -.003831 -.241133 .022276 _cons | -1.66957 -2.78485 .493425 .249166 -1.7613 .079024 1856.36

. xtgls lrxsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 764.14Log likelihood = -1581.873 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4795486 .0692175 6.93 0.000 .3438847 .6152125 lgdp | .0616215 .1331842 0.46 0.644 -.1994147 .3226578

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lgdpau | -2.43482 1.794212 -1.36 0.175 -5.95141 1.081771lgdpdfrati~w | -1.31402 .6073835 -2.16 0.031 -2.504469 -.1235699 lpopau | 18.6195 6.11777 3.04 0.002 6.628889 30.61011 lpop | .5841135 .1216774 4.80 0.000 .3456301 .8225968 lxrate1 | -.1509716 .0436973 -3.45 0.001 -.2366167 -.0653265 lremote | .4753943 .3148702 1.51 0.131 -.14174 1.092529 ldist | -1.488743 .4381483 -3.40 0.001 -2.347498 -.6299878 lopen | -.0610365 .1449596 -0.42 0.674 -.3451521 .2230791 english | .3134434 .2733525 1.15 0.252 -.2223177 .8492044 white | 17.31717 2.478595 6.99 0.000 12.45921 22.17513 lwhitemg | -1.614712 .2386513 -6.77 0.000 -2.08246 -1.146964 _cons | -242.9233 56.68447 -4.29 0.000 -354.0228 -131.8238------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004791 lgdp | -.005843 .017738 lgdpau | -.006342 .009048 3.2192lgdpdfrati~w | -.002228 .003202 -.042987 .368915 lpopau | .019429 -.041376 -10.7218 .157414 37.4271 lpop | .001864 -.011361 -.00374 -.001943 .008068 .014805 lxrate1 | -.000031 .001559 -.000937 .003711 -.005968 -.00143 .001909 lremote | .005033 -.001529 -.047462 -.02012 .050494 .001882 .001005 ldist | .015439 -.010876 -.032755 -.004928 .084715 .008665 -.001588 lopen | -.000431 -.000763 .006413 .008828 -.047609 .004267 -.000371 english | -.005541 .012482 .010945 .001011 -.054095 -.007152 .000996 white | .019766 -.050459 -.057737 -.050305 -.073407 .059665 .005923 lwhitemg | -.001422 .001713 .000495 .001824 .013343 -.003076 -.000532 _cons | -.270568 .367036 94.0675 -1.66824 -340.439 -.11276 .106073

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .099143 ldist | .047353 .191974 lopen | .006349 .005075 .021013 english | -.01338 .018959 -.005217 .074722 white | .134463 -.010278 -.000815 -.023804 6.14343 lwhitemg | -.004852 .001779 .000403 .001387 -.579518 .056954 _cons | -.907582 -2.76424 .47721 .378679 1.74553 -.188823 3213.13

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.

. clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

. *Dropping Togo

. drop if ccode==357800(10 observations deleted)

.

.

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491185.4 1561186 8397.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33462.01 117038.5 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.7476 16.87471 102.9662 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.96e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1039.919 10901.96 13.89535 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6733.312 4145.862 6764 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13349.9 3526.939 14215 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7075867 .389821 .63295 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .38 .4856293 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.053018 .1809714 1.019483 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404932.8 1597580 3321.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14896.96 27125.08 1606 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.09e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.8824 17.23068 101.7385 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.35e+07 1.65e+08 1.07e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1179.316 11682.05 19.96485 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7158.782 4116.799 6927 1293 39620 dist | 870 13177.36 3414.329 14040 2410 17972 phone | 870 159.2822 241.869 49.865 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .714906 .4113334 .62645 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3908046 .4882114 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.044657 .1858697 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

.

. **Regression of Exports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

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. **I. Aggregate Exports

. xtgls lrexp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6497.11Log likelihood = -999.7574 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5555609 .0380198 14.61 0.000 .4810435 .6300782 lgdp | 1.047646 .039054 26.83 0.000 .9711013 1.12419 lgdpau | -3.375346 .8912602 -3.79 0.000 -5.122184 -1.628508lgdpdfrati~w | -1.775823 .3476758 -5.11 0.000 -2.457255 -1.094391 lpopau | 5.112374 3.106624 1.65 0.100 -.9764969 11.20124 lpop | -.0066712 .0417888 -0.16 0.873 -.0885757 .0752333 lxrate1 | -.0046252 .0150939 -0.31 0.759 -.0342086 .0249583 lremote | .1066559 .0838558 1.27 0.203 -.0576984 .2710102 ldist | -1.420022 .1538102 -9.23 0.000 -1.721485 -1.11856 lopen | .8544891 .0824918 10.36 0.000 .6928082 1.01617 english | .2363347 .1031778 2.29 0.022 .0341098 .4385595 white | 3.208549 .5459015 5.88 0.000 2.138602 4.278496 lwhitemg | -.3945726 .0496367 -7.95 0.000 -.4918587 -.2972865 _cons | -1.075044 28.85804 -0.04 0.970 -57.63577 55.48568------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001446 lgdp | -.000786 .001525 lgdpau | -.003096 .002791 .794345lgdpdfrati~w | .00075 -.001274 -.02709 .120878 lpopau | .01196 -.011957 -2.72185 .148377 9.65111 lpop | .000049 -.000817 .000618 -.000122 -.005138 .001746 lxrate1 | .000018 .000191 5.3e-06 .000033 -.000474 -.000064 .000228 lremote | -.000301 .001472 .004504 -.002736 -.024997 -.000235 .000126 ldist | .003433 -.001383 -.00452 .002517 .006719 .001347 .000704 lopen | -.000553 .000382 .011178 -.001871 -.061092 .000804 -.000039 english | -.000778 .001929 -.002122 .000494 .014771 -.001112 .000517 white | .007287 -.000814 -.010253 -.01036 .020809 .008358 .002035 lwhitemg | -.000809 .000106 .001081 .000707 -.002363 -.000718 -.000178 _cons | -.14247 .108699 24.3065 -1.8552 -88.5197 .050145 -.004684

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .007032 ldist | .003545 .023658 lopen | .00228 .001226 .006805 english | .000398 .002365 -.00314 .010646 white | .01363 .031488 -.002423 .005838 .298008 lwhitemg | -.001034 -.003203 .000195 -.000343 -.02672 .002464 _cons | .176431 -.269424 .68099 -.246885 -.683087 .06728 832.787

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l

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> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 8449.04Log likelihood = -1438.586 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3785318 .0464036 8.16 0.000 .2875825 .4694811 lgdp | 1.076969 .0670631 16.06 0.000 .9455278 1.20841 lgdpau | -.3385711 .5343863 -0.63 0.526 -1.385949 .7088068lgdpdfrati~w | -.2146725 .3100557 -0.69 0.489 -.8223706 .3930255 lpopau | 3.716804 1.925834 1.93 0.054 -.0577621 7.491369 lpop | .0136044 .0923824 0.15 0.883 -.1674617 .1946705 lxrate1 | -.0408951 .0304049 -1.35 0.179 -.1004876 .0186973 lremote | -.3048608 .1699422 -1.79 0.073 -.6379415 .0282199 ldist | -3.149491 .3808885 -8.27 0.000 -3.896019 -2.402963 lopen | -.0736259 .0564828 -1.30 0.192 -.1843301 .0370782 english | .6427032 .1795373 3.58 0.000 .2908166 .9945898 white | 7.88352 1.118196 7.05 0.000 5.691896 10.07514 lwhitemg | -.8596243 .1194056 -7.20 0.000 -1.093655 -.6255936 _cons | -42.35824 19.41093 -2.18 0.029 -80.40296 -4.313513------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002153 lgdp | -.001662 .004497 lgdpau | .001037 -.00115 .285569lgdpdfrati~w | -.002025 .003314 -.02611 .096135 lpopau | -.004525 .002364 -.990206 .115675 3.70884 lpop | -.000099 -.004613 .003481 -.00133 -.018634 .008534 lxrate1 | .000146 .00042 .000595 .002816 -.006554 -.000616 .000924 lremote | .000239 .000179 -.022655 .00228 .097401 -.003678 .000609 ldist | .009594 -.010991 .00315 .002396 -.023225 .004676 .002172 lopen | .000026 -.000204 .002612 .001166 -.012696 .001169 -.000356 english | -.001228 -.001651 .006607 .004369 -.048563 .003448 .00159 white | .010614 -.025524 .021909 -.004576 -.152662 .031573 .001525 lwhitemg | -.00154 .002025 -.004589 .000603 .023102 -.002064 -.000128 _cons | -.016206 .069319 9.09673 -1.42987 -36.0261 .179264 .060314

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .02888 ldist | .00393 .145076 lopen | -.001963 .000904 .00319 english | -.005484 -.000011 -.000593 .032234 white | -.012032 .057522 .002791 .039577 1.25036 lwhitemg | .004221 -.007205 -.000605 -.001888 -.128174 .014258 _cons | -1.26639 -1.00204 .138946 .648185 1.52053 -.236377 376.784

.

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3223.98Log likelihood = -1551.882 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4458996 .0563937 7.91 0.000 .33537 .5564291 lgdp | 1.096156 .0631301 17.36 0.000 .9724232 1.219889 lgdpau | 2.209691 2.036725 1.08 0.278 -1.782216 6.201598lgdpdfrati~w | -2.276256 .8232583 -2.76 0.006 -3.889812 -.6626992 lpopau | -8.242102 7.013533 -1.18 0.240 -21.98837 5.504171 lpop | -.1628192 .0800106 -2.03 0.042 -.319637 -.0060013 lxrate1 | -.0669449 .0281311 -2.38 0.017 -.1220809 -.0118088 lremote | .0108581 .2004724 0.05 0.957 -.3820606 .4037768 ldist | -2.281262 .2342242 -9.74 0.000 -2.740333 -1.822191 lopen | .1155416 .0934171 1.24 0.216 -.0675525 .2986357 english | .6693362 .1817935 3.68 0.000 .3130275 1.025645 white | 2.47079 1.155288 2.14 0.032 .2064672 4.735112 lwhitemg | -.241702 .1054709 -2.29 0.022 -.4484213 -.0349828 _cons | 82.88405 64.56593 1.28 0.199 -43.66285 209.431------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00318 lgdp | -.002089 .003985 lgdpau | -.003069 .005657 4.14825lgdpdfrati~w | -.003548 .001538 -.208045 .677754 lpopau | .010459 -.027653 -14.0704 .977166 49.1897 lpop | .000172 -.003367 -.000872 .001338 .00574 .006402 lxrate1 | .000194 .000487 .000913 -.000516 -.007152 -.000845 .000791 lremote | .004037 -.002526 .003276 -.007968 -.031946 -.000231 .000922 ldist | .00668 -.005945 -.006656 .011849 .015981 .002672 .002875 lopen | -.000487 .000805 .015244 .002663 -.080054 .001248 -.000131 english | -.00313 .002418 -.000084 .010541 .011198 -.003256 .001242 white | .021802 -.019973 .035073 -.123136 -.161779 .009737 .002166 lwhitemg | -.002017 .001357 -.002847 .010442 .012898 -.000179 -.000125 _cons | -.165403 .361549 124.755 -11.5478 -447.51 -.11923 .057758

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .040189 ldist | .020887 .054861 lopen | .004303 .000606 .008727 english | -.014518 .002011 -.003499 .033049 white | .078713 .029846 -.003179 -.013965 1.33469 lwhitemg | -.004563 -.000659 .00044 .001225 -.118443 .011124 _cons | -.058388 -.766956 .856121 -.087742 1.04875 -.116669 4168.76

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1237.45Log likelihood = -1640.032 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .652698 .06469 10.09 0.000 .5259079 .7794881 lgdp | .6470853 .1078308 6.00 0.000 .4357408 .8584299 lgdpau | 1.340841 1.803267 0.74 0.457 -2.193497 4.87518lgdpdfrati~w | .1051899 .6553137 0.16 0.872 -1.179201 1.389581 lpopau | -10.51437 6.174762 -1.70 0.089 -22.61668 1.587938 lpop | .1443992 .1078439 1.34 0.181 -.0669709 .3557694 lxrate1 | .0678168 .0434179 1.56 0.118 -.0172808 .1529143 lremote | -1.086514 .3082122 -3.53 0.000 -1.690599 -.4824295 ldist | -.9031857 .5836029 -1.55 0.122 -2.047026 .240655 lopen | .2250518 .1052849 2.14 0.033 .0186972 .4314064 english | .3233441 .3179284 1.02 0.309 -.2997842 .9464723 white | 12.25831 2.872522 4.27 0.000 6.628276 17.88835 lwhitemg | -1.404949 .2954241 -4.76 0.000 -1.98397 -.8259288 _cons | 141.3625 57.67145 2.45 0.014 28.32857 254.3965------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004185 lgdp | -.004641 .011627 lgdpau | .001891 -.00301 3.25177lgdpdfrati~w | -.007561 .014043 -.067483 .429436 lpopau | -.013105 -.00054 -10.8672 .393056 38.1277 lpop | .000617 -.006302 -.001521 -.002849 .006937 .01163 lxrate1 | -.000162 .001369 .003648 .003869 -.025882 -.001328 .001885 lremote | .002211 .006891 -.053129 .006777 .147987 -.006556 -.000352 ldist | .021243 -.016868 -.00873 -.012359 -.064358 .012692 .001774 lopen | -.001138 .001598 -.016751 .003442 .031962 .001347 .000356 english | -.004489 .006074 .024859 .01906 -.11507 .005436 .004331 white | .01671 -.036636 .143472 -.033757 -.688414 .036863 .003818 lwhitemg | -.001646 .002384 -.017763 .002219 .082914 -.002975 -.000349 _cons | .026036 .034592 95.6262 -5.39058 -348.554 -.177461 .30088

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .094995 ldist | .050922 .340592 lopen | .002477 -.004938 .011085 english | -.025246 -.000347 -.001191 .101078 white | .006973 .00979 -.006255 .115257 8.25138 lwhitemg | .003733 -.00201 .000651 -.012855 -.836924 .087275 _cons | -2.43259 -2.32212 -.111634 1.22738 7.65008 -.920284 3326

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100

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Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2179.43Log likelihood = -1436.13 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3411464 .0465287 7.33 0.000 .2499519 .4323409 lgdp | .9964833 .0934104 10.67 0.000 .8134023 1.179564 lgdpau | -.3087481 .4814992 -0.64 0.521 -1.252469 .634973lgdpdfrati~w | .1027049 .2494908 0.41 0.681 -.3862881 .5916979 lpopau | -1.812776 1.70015 -1.07 0.286 -5.145009 1.519457 lpop | .1500329 .0981455 1.53 0.126 -.0423289 .3423946 lxrate1 | -.010341 .027918 -0.37 0.711 -.0650592 .0443773 lremote | -.1747078 .1573459 -1.11 0.267 -.4831001 .1336844 ldist | -2.123712 .4905104 -4.33 0.000 -3.085095 -1.162329 lopen | -.0007411 .0511476 -0.01 0.988 -.1009886 .0995064 english | 1.2137 .2778366 4.37 0.000 .6691499 1.75825 white | 11.02479 2.112592 5.22 0.000 6.884185 15.16539 lwhitemg | -1.10515 .2064622 -5.35 0.000 -1.509809 -.7004919 _cons | 37.00871 17.27585 2.14 0.032 3.148659 70.86877------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002165 lgdp | -.002778 .008726 lgdpau | .001806 -.005685 .231841lgdpdfrati~w | -.001904 .004469 -.022606 .062246 lpopau | -.006368 .013657 -.792131 .095813 2.89051 lpop | .000632 -.005787 .004649 -.002937 -.023118 .009633 lxrate1 | .00014 -.000014 .001427 .001692 -.007479 -.000283 .000779 lremote | .000272 .001514 -.020967 .002317 .078186 -.00325 .000083 ldist | .004365 -.002401 -.007464 .001524 -.010932 .008321 .001739 lopen | .000065 -.000408 .002371 .000884 -.009859 .000892 -.000184 english | -.003546 .006305 .000694 .006329 -.02189 .001513 .001526

white | .011836 -.040135 .031142 -.004151 -.123743 .030984 .010764 lwhitemg | -.001293 .002734 -.004005 .000336 .016533 -.001848 -.000942 _cons | .058077 -.166137 7.37952 -1.14979 -27.7436 .190331 .0682

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .024758 ldist | .013039 .2406 lopen | -.001706 -.001481 .002616 english | -.0025 .052466 -.001328 .077193 white | .025757 -.193716 -.003006 -.016419 4.46305 lwhitemg | -.00061 .019182 .000097 .002754 -.431657 .042627 _cons | -1.0769 -2.15938 .12701 -.316346 3.17343 -.370404 298.455

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2986.70Log likelihood = -1569.523 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4059487 .0597046 6.80 0.000 .2889298 .5229676 lgdp | 1.19363 .0697607 17.11 0.000 1.056902 1.330359 lgdpau | 1.911891 2.113548 0.90 0.366 -2.230587 6.054369lgdpdfrati~w | -2.479884 .8252295 -3.01 0.003 -4.097304 -.8624642 lpopau | -7.394892 7.27463 -1.02 0.309 -21.6529 6.863119 lpop | -.2759681 .0817157 -3.38 0.001 -.436128 -.1158082 lxrate1 | -.028967 .0283688 -1.02 0.307 -.0845689 .0266349 lremote | .122844 .1956814 0.63 0.530 -.2606844 .5063725 ldist | -2.246486 .2344465 -9.58 0.000 -2.705992 -1.786979 lopen | .1155202 .0958921 1.20 0.228 -.0724249 .3034652 english | .8160112 .197762 4.13 0.000 .4284048 1.203618 white | 2.688764 1.169638 2.30 0.022 .3963159 4.981213 lwhitemg | -.2511487 .1070482 -2.35 0.019 -.4609592 -.0413381 _cons | 75.08915 66.95332 1.12 0.262 -56.13694 206.3153------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003565 lgdp | -.002707 .004867 lgdpau | -.003962 .006702 4.46709lgdpdfrati~w | -.00387 .002665 -.21177 .681004 lpopau | .014292 -.032666 -15.1432 .974107 52.9202 lpop | .000901 -.004117 -.001276 -.000717 .008308 .006677 lxrate1 | .000015 .000679 .000924 .000343 -.007851 -.00101 .000805 lremote | .003739 -.002512 .001026 -.006021 -.022494 .000994 .000649 ldist | .00697 -.00613 -.008443 .012254 .021104 .003145 .002295 lopen | -.000552 .000778 .015998 .003307 -.083609 .001429 -.000157 english | -.004864 .004672 .002539 .013634 -.00322 -.004811 .0016

white | .020908 -.021166 .028793 -.118953 -.124132 .01244 -.000029 lwhitemg | -.00197 .001484 -.002374 .010306 .009809 -.000396 .000081 _cons | -.204057 .412201 134.216 -11.4164 -481.34 -.155031 .075416

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .038291 ldist | .021157 .054965 lopen | .004185 .000548 .009195 english | -.015294 .00075 -.003347 .03911 white | .076038 .008674 -.00393 -.024024 1.36805 lwhitemg | -.004534 .001388 .000521 .002318 -.121839 .011459 _cons | -.161317 -.81122 .894881 .079029 .808255 -.098091 4482.75

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3222.80Log likelihood = -1525.952 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

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-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5602823 .0434315 12.90 0.000 .4751582 .6454064 lgdp | 1.096516 .0680603 16.11 0.000 .9631203 1.229912 lgdpau | -.4286394 .6979324 -0.61 0.539 -1.796562 .939283lgdpdfrati~w | -.4726136 .4908235 -0.96 0.336 -1.43461 .4893828 lpopau | 2.391983 2.501079 0.96 0.339 -2.510041 7.294006 lpop | -.1502639 .0831404 -1.81 0.071 -.3132161 .0126884 lxrate1 | -.0337637 .0302732 -1.12 0.265 -.0930981 .0255707 lremote | -.78854 .1932968 -4.08 0.000 -1.167395 -.4096852 ldist | -2.050504 .3101568 -6.61 0.000 -2.6584 -1.442607 lopen | .0342406 .0736289 0.47 0.642 -.1100694 .1785507 english | .8152228 .230554 3.54 0.000 .3633452 1.2671 white | 5.817823 2.044768 2.85 0.004 1.810152 9.825495 lwhitemg | -.7904686 .2090394 -3.78 0.000 -1.200178 -.3807589 _cons | -22.32718 25.0135 -0.89 0.372 -71.35274 26.69838------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001886 lgdp | -.001858 .004632 lgdpau | .000251 -.00328 .48711lgdpdfrati~w | -.0034 .003833 -.059848 .240908 lpopau | -.000802 .005911 -1.68242 .313601 6.25539 lpop | .00011 -.003269 .003736 .000806 -.020224 .006912 lxrate1 | -.000321 .000693 .001419 .00272 -.010554 -.000332 .000916 lremote | .001562 .001513 -.027704 .002623 .119152 -.004263 .000142 ldist | .006413 -.008857 -.003404 .000878 -.008469 .010418 .000748 lopen | .000075 -.000789 -.000753 .005267 -.003673 .001783 -.0003 english | -.001273 .001499 .01568 .007519 -.099877 .002969 .002968 white | .007657 -.011146 .036743 -.009797 -.244409 .018069 .006723 lwhitemg | -.000678 .000704 -.004634 .001445 .028346 -.001476 -.000499 _cons | -.034982 .009267 15.4742 -4.01066 -60.7045 .141109 .114265

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .037364 ldist | .015449 .096197 lopen | -.001863 .001227 .005421 english | -.013658 .014292 -.001337 .053155 white | .009328 .056185 -.00258 .064799 4.18108 lwhitemg | .00132 -.004076 .000158 -.006474 -.421798 .043697 _cons | -1.70168 -.829336 .073708 1.12601 2.35857 -.307669 625.675

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrxnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 666.47Log likelihood = -1176.657 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4710091 .0666105 7.07 0.000 .340455 .6015633 lgdp | .4221778 .1096129 3.85 0.000 .2073406 .6370151 lgdpau | -3.057279 1.351767 -2.26 0.024 -5.706693 -.4078653lgdpdfrati~w | -1.389928 .6247459 -2.22 0.026 -2.614407 -.1654483

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lpopau | 12.66079 4.625129 2.74 0.006 3.5957 21.72587 lpop | .0820118 .1095498 0.75 0.454 -.1327019 .2967255 lxrate1 | -.1043137 .0396211 -2.63 0.008 -.1819697 -.0266577 lremote | -.2380277 .3095346 -0.77 0.442 -.8447043 .3686489 ldist | -1.754344 .4167036 -4.21 0.000 -2.571068 -.9376198 lopen | -.1935003 .1559282 -1.24 0.215 -.499114 .1121134 english | .7556285 .2515168 3.00 0.003 .2626647 1.248592 white | 12.58143 1.375668 9.15 0.000 9.88517 15.27769 lwhitemg | -1.375768 .1168307 -11.78 0.000 -1.604752 -1.146784 _cons | -117.1051 43.09825 -2.72 0.007 -201.5761 -32.6341------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004437 lgdp | -.004204 .012015 lgdpau | -.005403 .007785 1.82727lgdpdfrati~w | -.003264 .003063 .052157 .390307 lpopau | .019061 -.042926 -6.08072 -.010309 21.3918 lpop | .00028 -.006913 -.000068 -.000139 -.000796 .012001 lxrate1 | -.000252 .001975 .000628 .000551 -.006987 -.002089 .00157 lremote | .002893 .000687 -.034633 -.057929 .017382 -.002598 .001316 ldist | .015336 -.011567 -.023057 -.013422 .038277 .0102 .000957 lopen | .000228 -.000144 .009195 -.001993 -.088939 .004618 -.000856 english | -.006095 .009785 .01008 .015942 -.016834 -.003888 .003128

white | .020448 -.040223 -.022293 -.061752 .085725 .04572 -.00598 lwhitemg | -.002143 .002323 -.001463 .000023 -.000879 -.003463 .000601 _cons | -.277316 .462153 53.2591 -1.02575 -195.115 -.083255 .061226

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .095812 ldist | .029178 .173642 lopen | .009809 .003974 .024314 english | -.016497 -.004409 -.012243 .063261 white | .03674 .147375 -.011799 .072603 1.89246 lwhitemg | .004972 -.015856 .001151 -.007684 -.150263 .013649 _cons | -.422504 -1.9181 1.06794 .01675 -2.48886 .179909 1857.46

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrxmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1122.18Log likelihood = -956.5635 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2641342 .0427833 6.17 0.000 .1802806 .3479879 lgdp | .324708 .0904745 3.59 0.000 .1473812 .5020349 lgdpau | -2.660995 1.106903 -2.40 0.016 -4.830485 -.491505lgdpdfrati~w | -4.45453 .4619818 -9.64 0.000 -5.359998 -3.549063 lpopau | 10.05584 3.824624 2.63 0.009 2.559719 17.55197 lpop | .1524956 .0732866 2.08 0.037 .0088566 .2961347 lxrate1 | -.0773412 .0276919 -2.79 0.005 -.1316163 -.0230661

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lremote | .4982861 .1672587 2.98 0.003 .1704651 .8261071 ldist | -2.362356 .2330248 -10.14 0.000 -2.819076 -1.905635 lopen | -.0841251 .0530285 -1.59 0.113 -.1880591 .0198088 english | .4150323 .158912 2.61 0.009 .1035704 .7264942 white | 9.429241 .8247065 11.43 0.000 7.812846 11.04564 lwhitemg | -.8548746 .0734885 -11.63 0.000 -.9989094 -.7108397 _cons | -78.09847 35.62238 -2.19 0.028 -147.9171 -8.279878------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00183 lgdp | -.002572 .008186 lgdpau | -.002653 .006109 1.22523lgdpdfrati~w | -.00225 .005208 -.04567 .213427 lpopau | .012346 -.032656 -4.15198 .225563 14.6277 lpop | .001725 -.005766 -.00284 -.003567 .014869 .005371 lxrate1 | -.00021 .001258 .001 .000701 -.007353 -.000979 .000767 lremote | .001778 -.003622 -.003802 -.012419 -.007537 .003618 -.000109 ldist | .005801 -.00908 -.0121 -.00848 .053604 .007541 -.00067 lopen | -.000107 .000224 .004739 .002024 -.023581 .000604 -.00007 english | -.001903 .003543 .001176 .003107 .000314 -.000799 .000423 white | .016509 -.03167 -.025222 -.030054 .094256 .033539 -.005857 lwhitemg | -.0013 .001369 .001189 .000445 -.005106 -.001965 .00036 _cons | -.184426 .411472 36.8545 -2.6272 -134.045 -.233699 .088393

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .027975 ldist | .01834 .054301 lopen | .000701 .000235 .002812 english | -.002103 .008418 -.000833 .025253 white | .057276 .079198 .001837 .007725 .680141 lwhitemg | -.002469 -.005682 -.000284 -.000622 -.056793 .005401 _cons | -.167447 -1.19309 .245317 -.16973 -2.04743 .137722 1268.95

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrxsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 929.36Log likelihood = -1437.644 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3649619 .0853636 4.28 0.000 .1976524 .5322715 lgdp | .3637544 .1413286 2.57 0.010 .0867554 .6407534 lgdpau | -.9213466 1.199756 -0.77 0.443 -3.272824 1.430131lgdpdfrati~w | -.7868196 .5866859 -1.34 0.180 -1.936703 .3630637 lpopau | 10.46665 4.067656 2.57 0.010 2.494195 18.43911 lpop | -.0655459 .1367544 -0.48 0.632 -.3335797 .2024878 lxrate1 | -.0931463 .0468157 -1.99 0.047 -.1849034 -.0013893 lremote | .3034767 .2539861 1.19 0.232 -.194327 .8012804 ldist | -2.106344 .460438 -4.57 0.000 -3.008786 -1.203902 lopen | -.4304124 .1784419 -2.41 0.016 -.7801521 -.0806727

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english | 1.561772 .3133508 4.98 0.000 .9476158 2.175928 white | 19.95798 1.841515 10.84 0.000 16.34868 23.56729 lwhitemg | -1.943924 .1768201 -10.99 0.000 -2.290485 -1.597363 _cons | -136.7963 38.04586 -3.60 0.000 -211.3648 -62.22777------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .007287 lgdp | -.009497 .019974 lgdpau | -.009523 .010105 1.43941lgdpdfrati~w | -.002606 -.002761 .123569 .3442 lpopau | .030464 -.028292 -4.7126 -.2266 16.5458 lpop | .003551 -.012181 -.001536 .001896 -.016973 .018702 lxrate1 | .000536 .00102 -.000209 .000035 .002947 -.002019 .002192 lremote | .002707 .002275 -.039951 -.05464 .000703 -.000876 -.000532 ldist | .019371 -.021886 -.048092 -.036127 .079844 .022304 .002431 lopen | -.000601 -.000594 .007205 -.00723 -.095514 .007442 -.001134 english | -.010598 .009173 .010292 .003577 -.055878 .002821 .003401 white | .034561 -.07493 -.034594 -.042824 .018862 .08082 .00334 lwhitemg | -.003102 .005299 .000097 .000501 -.00451 -.006145 -.000389 _cons | -.343903 .18346 40.935 1.0144 -150.764 .085403 -.066606

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .064509 ldist | .046131 .212003 lopen | .012339 .005193 .031842 english | -.003653 .013639 -.007387 .098189 white | .033491 .163153 .001053 .107384 3.39118 lwhitemg | .00052 -.01284 .000648 -.007023 -.317986 .031265 _cons | .057122 -2.43109 1.17278 .318578 -1.04617 .190196 1447.49

. xtgls lrxsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 841.58Log likelihood = -241.0003 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0108762 .0173912 0.63 0.532 -.0232098 .0449623 lgdp | .0635301 .0429328 1.48 0.139 -.0206167 .1476768 lgdpau | .0363306 .2792784 0.13 0.896 -.511045 .5837062lgdpdfrati~w | -.0962247 .1561905 -0.62 0.538 -.4023525 .2099031 lpopau | 2.891761 1.007097 2.87 0.004 .9178867 4.865636 lpop | .2296163 .0519174 4.42 0.000 .12786 .3313725 lxrate1 | -.0284415 .0142956 -1.99 0.047 -.0564604 -.0004227 lremote | -.0503282 .0970911 -0.52 0.604 -.2406234 .1399669 ldist | -3.22868 .3366019 -9.59 0.000 -3.888407 -2.568952 lopen | -.0404103 .0280389 -1.44 0.150 -.0953655 .0145449 english | 1.350603 .1520217 8.88 0.000 1.052646 1.64856 white | 19.76876 1.29752 15.24 0.000 17.22567 22.31185 lwhitemg | -1.602904 .1221127 -13.13 0.000 -1.842241 -1.363567 _cons | -21.97852 11.17357 -1.97 0.049 -43.87832 -.0787165------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

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| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000302 lgdp | -.0002 .001843 lgdpau | .000326 -.001341 .077996lgdpdfrati~w | -.000333 .000624 -.006156 .024395 lpopau | -.001273 .005532 -.266426 .030867 1.01425 lpop | -.000103 -.001385 .000312 6.2e-06 -.004183 .002695 lxrate1 | .000028 -2.3e-06 .000414 .000376 -.003331 .000033 .000204 lremote | .000197 .000977 -.006268 -.000613 .018396 -.000247 .000104 ldist | .001368 .001954 -.007887 -.000442 .03113 -.000736 -.000426 lopen | .000025 -.000077 .000053 .000021 -.001801 .000143 -.000026 english | -.000324 .000457 -.000939 -.000146 .010491 .000973 .000016 white | .00091 -.006755 .003412 -.004551 -.034869 .011052 .000489 lwhitemg | -.000142 .000176 -.000359 .000302 .001892 -.000732 -4.0e-06 _cons | .002673 -.10316 2.53264 -.379831 -10.3685 .059818 .045891

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .009427 ldist | .010606 .113301 lopen | -.000074 -.000332 .000786 english | .001159 .017605 -.000457 .023111 white | .0069 .023941 -.000155 .032651 1.68356 lwhitemg | -.000351 -.004183 .00005 -.003609 -.153715 .014912 _cons | -.343985 -1.52792 .032158 -.355471 .169025 .029491 124.849

. xtgls lrxsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 723.45Log likelihood = -1311.166 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2057641 .0580363 3.55 0.000 .0920151 .319513 lgdp | .7064173 .1144035 6.17 0.000 .4821907 .930644 lgdpau | -5.156582 1.870763 -2.76 0.006 -8.823211 -1.489953lgdpdfrati~w | -.1741174 .8386459 -0.21 0.836 -1.817833 1.469598 lpopau | 15.16554 6.480171 2.34 0.019 2.464638 27.86644 lpop | .1439918 .1280114 1.12 0.261 -.106906 .3948895 lxrate1 | -.0515918 .0372557 -1.38 0.166 -.1246118 .0214281 lremote | -.8627762 .3357431 -2.57 0.010 -1.520821 -.2047318 ldist | -2.951988 .4325542 -6.82 0.000 -3.799779 -2.104197 lopen | -.20948 .1823252 -1.15 0.251 -.5668307 .1478708 english | .2845412 .2678391 1.06 0.288 -.2404138 .8094962 white | 10.62505 1.514624 7.01 0.000 7.656438 13.59365 lwhitemg | -1.219805 .1576267 -7.74 0.000 -1.528747 -.910862 _cons | -95.31103 60.58049 -1.57 0.116 -214.0466 23.42456------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003368 lgdp | -.004596 .013088 lgdpau | -.004242 .008651 3.49976lgdpdfrati~w | -.005362 .005976 -.072976 .703327

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lpopau | .018174 -.053771 -11.8343 .536811 41.9926 lpop | .001846 -.009226 .002523 -.002999 -.018618 .016387 lxrate1 | -.000486 .001753 .001847 .004262 -.011008 -.001415 .001388 lremote | .004958 -.008888 -.019814 -.058928 .031792 .001382 -.006023 ldist | .015893 -.019362 -.012794 -.038208 -.019932 .013291 -.002658 lopen | -.000388 .000123 .021463 -.00418 -.174411 .007684 -.001076 english | -.001534 .005712 .004185 .017654 -.016189 -.000057 .003605 white | .030471 -.060309 -.028234 -.030311 .176558 .063293 -.004361 lwhitemg | -.002527 .00339 -.000408 -.002249 -.00315 -.004944 -.000198 _cons | -.324157 .791605 104.674 -6.92435 -385.674 .056946 .188317

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .112723 ldist | .048589 .187103 lopen | .01672 .010897 .033242 english | -.017366 .018017 -.007591 .071738 white | .061329 .194268 -.00747 .108939 2.29409 lwhitemg | .004809 -.017807 .001558 -.013484 -.228464 .024846 _cons | -1.22731 -1.35271 1.99272 -.028036 -4.39807 .213901 3670

. xtgls lrxsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 288.81Log likelihood = -724.7789 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0600518 .0443954 1.35 0.176 -.0269616 .1470653 lgdp | .1245938 .1105001 1.13 0.260 -.0919825 .3411702 lgdpau | -.0480106 .8724464 -0.06 0.956 -1.757974 1.661953lgdpdfrati~w | .2467024 .3078443 0.80 0.423 -.3566614 .8500662 lpopau | -1.611188 3.000891 -0.54 0.591 -7.492826 4.27045 lpop | .6240033 .1189905 5.24 0.000 .3907861 .8572204 lxrate1 | .0445223 .0333433 1.34 0.182 -.0208293 .109874 lremote | -.1972967 .2899711 -0.68 0.496 -.7656296 .3710362 ldist | -1.921071 .5707109 -3.37 0.001 -3.039644 -.8024984 lopen | .0134012 .0616003 0.22 0.828 -.1073333 .1341356 english | 1.66935 .3785477 4.41 0.000 .9274101 2.41129 white | 14.59527 2.459507 5.93 0.000 9.774726 19.41582 lwhitemg | -1.157446 .2255482 -5.13 0.000 -1.599512 -.7153796 _cons | 35.95784 28.85246 1.25 0.213 -20.59194 92.50762------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001971 lgdp | -.001675 .01221 lgdpau | .001994 -.001264 .761163lgdpdfrati~w | -.001789 .003188 -.026221 .094768 lpopau | -.013359 -.005322 -2.54661 .096097 9.00535 lpop | .000274 -.009176 -.001464 -.000713 .007632 .014159 lxrate1 | .000137 .000486 .001692 .001967 -.011441 -.000602 .001112 lremote | .001047 .006084 -.041084 -.013102 .131064 -.00494 -.000907 ldist | .007337 -.001219 -.001516 -.003495 -.054474 .009378 .002061 lopen | .00016 -.000543 -.002876 .004074 .005666 .001127 -.000083 english | -.004161 -.008029 .006513 .007852 -.018671 .012749 .002283

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white | .005833 -.062096 .047078 -.010132 -.169968 .074251 .000561 lwhitemg | -.000844 .003095 -.007891 -.000201 .03335 -.005357 -.000152 _cons | .116708 -.041211 22.7118 -.911041 -83.2507 -.152587 .125618

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .084083 ldist | .025928 .325711 lopen | -.000066 .000183 .003795 english | -.022 .06648 -.000697 .143298 white | -.025155 .136575 .004044 .213727 6.04917 lwhitemg | .006309 -.018046 -.000291 -.019929 -.533255 .050872 _cons | -2.12433 -2.56601 -.02796 -.352861 .641625 -.206714 832.464

. xtgls lrxsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 218.97Log likelihood = -765.2689 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0051056 .0389655 0.13 0.896 -.0712653 .0814765 lgdp | .0676127 .0781183 0.87 0.387 -.0854964 .2207217 lgdpau | .0784287 .657315 0.12 0.905 -1.209885 1.366742lgdpdfrati~w | -.004858 .2374523 -0.02 0.984 -.470256 .46054 lpopau | -.3805102 2.277108 -0.17 0.867 -4.843559 4.082539 lpop | .5309824 .0933865 5.69 0.000 .3479481 .7140166 lxrate1 | -.002044 .0206439 -0.10 0.921 -.0425052 .0384173 lremote | .2877971 .2313211 1.24 0.213 -.1655838 .7411781 ldist | -2.655473 .3916042 -6.78 0.000 -3.423003 -1.887943 lopen | .0258517 .0512696 0.50 0.614 -.0746349 .1263383 english | .7093859 .330151 2.15 0.032 .0623019 1.35647 white | -.4440318 1.787816 -0.25 0.804 -3.948087 3.060023 lwhitemg | .1120694 .1775691 0.63 0.528 -.2359596 .4600984 _cons | 18.48831 22.32368 0.83 0.408 -25.2653 62.24192------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001518 lgdp | -.000904 .006102 lgdpau | .000161 .000998 .432063lgdpdfrati~w | -.000022 -.000041 -.038538 .056384 lpopau | -.007163 -.005067 -1.44732 .128999 5.18522 lpop | -.000177 -.004039 -.000382 -.000811 -.009371 .008721 lxrate1 | .000138 -.00002 -.000463 .001248 -.001951 -.000132 .000426 lremote | .002011 .002773 -.024978 -.008407 .07866 -.002442 -.000164 ldist | .00401 -.002569 -.014556 -.001363 .035581 .000833 .000492 lopen | -.00007 .000308 .002215 .000157 -.010563 .000628 -.000019 english | -.003357 -.002658 -.000156 .001831 .007952 .002646 .000584 white | .00417 -.026122 .00132 -.013213 -.106327 .034735 .001944 lwhitemg | -.000541 .001215 -.002722 .000672 .019771 -.002286 -.000149 _cons | .074601 -.011212 13.0528 -1.08836 -48.9111 .135239 .040486

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .053509

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ldist | .027746 .153354 lopen | .000267 -.000852 .002629 english | -.010654 .044705 -.001223 .109 white | .029246 .024255 -.000303 .132652 3.19629 lwhitemg | -.000047 -.001274 .000023 -.011998 -.307669 .031531 _cons | -1.40491 -1.89789 .107444 -.45327 1.23359 -.230484 498.347

. xtgls lrxsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 597.76Log likelihood = -1046.566 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1425748 .0750573 1.90 0.057 -.0045347 .2896844 lgdp | .6139999 .1367783 4.49 0.000 .3459193 .8820805 lgdpau | -.7174754 .8497397 -0.84 0.398 -2.382935 .9479838lgdpdfrati~w | -.7516702 .3837084 -1.96 0.050 -1.503725 .0003844 lpopau | 7.254606 2.875802 2.52 0.012 1.618138 12.89107 lpop | .2445877 .1240878 1.97 0.049 .0013801 .4877954 lxrate1 | -.1537528 .0349089 -4.40 0.000 -.2221729 -.0853327 lremote | .2130307 .2370184 0.90 0.369 -.2515169 .6775782 ldist | -3.047516 .4421594 -6.89 0.000 -3.914133 -2.1809 lopen | .1063132 .0918192 1.16 0.247 -.0736492 .2862755 english | .7467683 .2614847 2.86 0.004 .2342677 1.259269 white | 13.09602 1.952037 6.71 0.000 9.270102 16.92195 lwhitemg | -1.261565 .1848953 -6.82 0.000 -1.623954 -.8991772 _cons | -88.32958 27.24487 -3.24 0.001 -141.7286 -34.93061------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005634 lgdp | -.00621 .018708 lgdpau | -.004922 .005912 .722058lgdpdfrati~w | -.000235 -.001188 .036804 .147232 lpopau | .015469 -.029805 -2.35945 -.046123 8.27024 lpop | .001406 -.011638 -.001125 .001892 .004468 .015398 lxrate1 | .000493 .001015 .000575 .000541 -.003909 -.001305 .001219 lremote | .001095 .005946 -.032449 -.028263 .026388 -.005967 .001728 ldist | .014652 -.010038 -.025266 -.005033 .077537 .002694 .000636 lopen | -.00014 .000107 .00208 .002227 -.028362 .001855 -.000507 english | -.005405 .016415 .000152 -.004041 -.007889 -.011447 -.00039 white | .030701 -.052379 -.060126 -.040671 .098367 .048049 -.002307 lwhitemg | -.002796 .002315 .002249 .000989 -.003713 -.002375 .000094 _cons | -.193926 .172572 20.5988 -.057283 -75.7504 -.001839 .018943

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .056178 ldist | .023275 .195505 lopen | .002267 -.000475 .008431 english | .008489 .028207 -.003955 .068374 white | .0515 .106421 -.004367 .038993 3.81045 lwhitemg | -.001026 -.01178 .000294 -.006156 -.349781 .034186 _cons | -.326401 -2.60098 .377284 -.389593 -1.276 .129451 742.283

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. xtgls lrxsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 799.32Log likelihood = -1117.529 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2812519 .0749954 3.75 0.000 .1342637 .4282401 lgdp | .577682 .1132125 5.10 0.000 .3557896 .7995744 lgdpau | .2325494 1.187419 0.20 0.845 -2.09475 2.559849lgdpdfrati~w | -1.330379 .568775 -2.34 0.019 -2.445157 -.2156002 lpopau | 1.45628 4.052386 0.36 0.719 -6.486251 9.398811 lpop | -.0320413 .1202463 -0.27 0.790 -.2677198 .2036372 lxrate1 | -.033406 .0384631 -0.87 0.385 -.1087923 .0419804 lremote | .375117 .2875293 1.30 0.192 -.18843 .938664 ldist | -2.551477 .4415425 -5.78 0.000 -3.416885 -1.68607 lopen | -.1156347 .1012698 -1.14 0.254 -.3141198 .0828504 english | 1.171242 .283103 4.14 0.000 .6163699 1.726113 white | 11.84949 1.422914 8.33 0.000 9.060626 14.63834 lwhitemg | -1.169003 .1373453 -8.51 0.000 -1.438194 -.8998107 _cons | -17.82228 37.99816 -0.47 0.639 -92.2973 56.65274------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005624 lgdp | -.005587 .012817 lgdpau | -.005223 .008484 1.40996lgdpdfrati~w | -.003628 .004548 .033251 .323505 lpopau | .014393 -.033885 -4.6701 .064216 16.4218 lpop | .001283 -.009314 -.004182 -.000734 .012437 .014459 lxrate1 | .000525 .000877 .00191 .000529 -.011588 -.00132 .001479 lremote | .004742 -.002071 -.029842 -.046811 .002341 -.001628 .001702 ldist | .015675 -.011095 -.027819 -.024236 .059365 .005337 .000873 lopen | -.000424 .000972 .000165 .00113 -.02816 .001046 -.000386 english | -.005949 .010195 .004845 .000107 -.003025 -.006013 -.000484 white | .030503 -.055714 -.052527 -.039321 .127579 .056589 -.001849 lwhitemg | -.002567 .003318 .00197 -.000851 -.008321 -.003873 .000173 _cons | -.219072 .346444 40.8701 -1.70943 -150.137 -.152507 .1116

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .082673 ldist | .047539 .19496 lopen | .004502 .001012 .010256 english | .002298 .031118 -.004089 .080147 white | .079987 .12901 -.010283 .030533 2.02468 lwhitemg | -.001408 -.012208 .000701 -.00403 -.187288 .018864 _cons | -.344355 -2.44201 .388771 -.511174 -2.48275 .220311 1443.86

. xtgls lrxsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

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Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 428.25Log likelihood = -1190.346 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2309899 .0522432 4.42 0.000 .128595 .3333848 lgdp | .3308159 .1027329 3.22 0.001 .129463 .5321688 lgdpau | -2.196495 1.371218 -1.60 0.109 -4.884032 .4910424lgdpdfrati~w | -2.211404 .6233251 -3.55 0.000 -3.433099 -.9897093 lpopau | 6.704567 4.685125 1.43 0.152 -2.47811 15.88724 lpop | .1050854 .0776312 1.35 0.176 -.047069 .2572398 lxrate1 | -.1077228 .038491 -2.80 0.005 -.1831637 -.0322818 lremote | 1.056513 .2636228 4.01 0.000 .5398215 1.573204 ldist | -1.214169 .4142942 -2.93 0.003 -2.02617 -.402167 lopen | -.011814 .1172944 -0.10 0.920 -.2417069 .2180788 english | .6707049 .187321 3.58 0.000 .3035624 1.037847 white | 7.850811 1.348509 5.82 0.000 5.207782 10.49384 lwhitemg | -.6440736 .1310089 -4.92 0.000 -.9008463 -.3873009 _cons | -53.26927 43.48629 -1.22 0.221 -138.5008 31.9623------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002729 lgdp | -.002588 .010554 lgdpau | -.003929 .006329 1.88024lgdpdfrati~w | -.001286 .000259 .085078 .388534 lpopau | .014897 -.03877 -6.27633 -.138966 21.9504 lpop | .000584 -.005477 -.000674 -.001143 .004082 .006027 lxrate1 | .000177 .001566 .000902 .000598 -.006793 -.001546 .001482 lremote | .00036 .000825 -.028127 -.047214 .046964 .001501 -.000664 ldist | .012844 -.005915 -.027088 -.026355 .050308 .00511 .001852 lopen | -.000245 .000383 .009401 .000672 -.064244 .002976 -.000429 english | -.002677 .005368 .006512 .006562 -.022081 .000752 .000821 white | .014733 -.029874 -.031356 -.056976 .099207 .029883 -.005557 lwhitemg | -.001659 .000915 -.00027 .000807 .002019 -.001737 .000137 _cons | -.236416 .383093 55.098 .34977 -199.62 -.077972 .059779

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .069497 ldist | .041644 .17164 lopen | .005027 .00716 .013758 english | -.007369 .000746 -.002336 .035089 white | .047564 .115981 .002401 .048209 1.81848 lwhitemg | .001464 -.012043 -.000276 -.005315 -.167188 .017163 _cons | -1.03801 -2.12649 .664852 .108833 -2.19021 .093973 1891.06

. xtgls lrxsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 519.93

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Log likelihood = -978.1441 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1511843 .0504797 2.99 0.003 .052246 .2501226 lgdp | .5009865 .0976363 5.13 0.000 .3096229 .6923502 lgdpau | -1.183507 1.336984 -0.89 0.376 -3.803948 1.436933lgdpdfrati~w | -1.101385 .5553162 -1.98 0.047 -2.189784 -.012985 lpopau | 3.870031 4.59576 0.84 0.400 -5.137494 12.87756 lpop | .061093 .0953935 0.64 0.522 -.1258748 .2480609 lxrate1 | -.0432384 .0385797 -1.12 0.262 -.1188532 .0323763 lremote | -.8036725 .2996007 -2.68 0.007 -1.390879 -.216466 ldist | -2.879311 .4559105 -6.32 0.000 -3.772879 -1.985743 lopen | -.0585427 .1084384 -0.54 0.589 -.271078 .1539926 english | .7084497 .195968 3.62 0.000 .3243596 1.09254 white | 11.32827 1.701871 6.66 0.000 7.992668 14.66388 lwhitemg | -1.133663 .1515601 -7.48 0.000 -1.430715 -.8366104 _cons | -6.542622 43.16559 -0.15 0.880 -91.14563 78.06038------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002548 lgdp | -.002367 .009533 lgdpau | -.00307 .005682 1.78753lgdpdfrati~w | -.001164 .000026 -.029207 .308376 lpopau | .010855 -.028299 -6.0009 .185652 21.121 lpop | -.0003 -.005639 -.001315 .000758 .004971 .0091 lxrate1 | .000016 .001461 .002268 .001649 -.01308 -.001497 .001488 lremote | .003768 .000451 -.020436 -.035949 .049298 -.002439 -.001343 ldist | .011616 -.007897 -.022924 -.014546 .061366 .003009 -.00065 lopen | -.000279 -.000186 .005662 .005144 -.050179 .002307 -.000081 english | -.002388 .00299 .007143 .006106 -.023328 -.001132 .002157 white | .012033 -.034431 .017447 -.021542 -.00942 .035196 -.005751 lwhitemg | -.001023 .001183 -.003097 -.000526 .006881 -.002178 .000318 _cons | -.198859 .275386 52.9843 -2.18917 -193.745 -.066111 .159566

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .089761 ldist | .049566 .207854 lopen | .003523 .000992 .011759 english | -.018293 .007243 -.002845 .038403 white | .031191 .118382 -.002144 .034335 2.89637 lwhitemg | .001676 -.011272 .000353 -.003451 -.249158 .02297 _cons | -1.48635 -2.75922 .618427 .22516 -1.55424 .076287 1863.27

. xtgls lrxsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 763.30Log likelihood = -1561.447 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4297767 .0688073 6.25 0.000 .2949169 .5646366 lgdp | .1967346 .128384 1.53 0.125 -.0548933 .4483626

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lgdpau | -2.59415 1.792242 -1.45 0.148 -6.10688 .9185799lgdpdfrati~w | -1.412997 .6222691 -2.27 0.023 -2.632622 -.1933719 lpopau | 18.5467 6.116201 3.03 0.002 6.559163 30.53423 lpop | .5041696 .1205062 4.18 0.000 .2679819 .7403573 lxrate1 | -.1275909 .0433376 -2.94 0.003 -.2125309 -.0426508 lremote | .4057684 .3155435 1.29 0.198 -.2126855 1.024222 ldist | -1.869009 .4479573 -4.17 0.000 -2.746989 -.9910287 lopen | -.1162759 .1388655 -0.84 0.402 -.3884472 .1558955 english | .2440008 .2769566 0.88 0.378 -.2988242 .7868257 white | 17.20528 2.541729 6.77 0.000 12.22358 22.18698 lwhitemg | -1.636306 .2461461 -6.65 0.000 -2.118744 -1.153869 _cons | -234.7419 56.6573 -4.14 0.000 -345.7882 -123.6957------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004734 lgdp | -.005431 .016482 lgdpau | -.006578 .009604 3.21213lgdpdfrati~w | -.002878 .003869 -.029652 .387219 lpopau | .020473 -.043396 -10.7125 .13904 37.4079 lpop | .001798 -.011001 -.003785 -.002309 .008345 .014522 lxrate1 | -.000174 .001793 -.000623 .003125 -.00643 -.001496 .001878 lremote | .005313 -.002775 -.045665 -.024711 .043888 .002523 .001229 ldist | .016825 -.012098 -.034558 -.005224 .088069 .009644 -.00093 lopen | -.000406 -.000407 .007514 .007893 -.053361 .003856 -.000328 english | -.00453 .011656 .009416 .002867 -.049206 -.006374 .00168 white | .018913 -.048533 -.060084 -.058649 -.06804 .058798 .004721 lwhitemg | -.001437 .00174 .000472 .001886 .013449 -.003013 -.000422 _cons | -.304718 .427598 94.0769 -1.69458 -340.294 -.13417 .094456

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .099568 ldist | .047627 .200666 lopen | .00647 .004739 .019284 english | -.012781 .024607 -.005112 .076705 white | .14399 -.007134 .000297 -.023439 6.46039 lwhitemg | -.005015 .001525 .000198 .001396 -.614079 .060588 _cons | -.83256 -2.85813 .544524 .274256 1.59018 -.187992 3210.05

.

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.

.

.

. clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

. *Dropping Belize

. drop if ccode==360840(10 observations deleted)

.

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta

> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491197.8 1561183 8397.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33461.69 117038.6 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.6986 16.94234 102.8924 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.96e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07

xrate1 | 1000 1043.1 10901.71 16.2185 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6754.193 4142.865 6797 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13362.39 3531.744 14305 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7035467 .3869084 .63155 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .37 .4830459 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.052461 .1812512 1.017907 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404947.1 1597577 3443.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14896.59 27125.29 1606 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.09e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.826 17.30397 101.7094 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.35e+07 1.65e+08 1.07e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1182.972 11681.74 22.9426 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7182.783 4110.833 6955 1293 39620 dist | 870 13191.71 3420.755 14040 2410 17972 phone | 870 157.6365 242.3903 47.025 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7102623 .4082397 .6248 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3793103 .4854945 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.044017 .1861539 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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.

.

. **Regression of Exports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Exports

. xtgls lrexp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6388.98Log likelihood = -1001.357 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5347735 .0396713 13.48 0.000 .4570191 .6125279 lgdp | 1.052211 .0409794 25.68 0.000 .9718934 1.13253 lgdpau | -3.292055 .8783013 -3.75 0.000 -5.013494 -1.570616lgdpdfrati~w | -1.731241 .3417277 -5.07 0.000 -2.401015 -1.061467 lpopau | 4.752829 3.063773 1.55 0.121 -1.252056 10.75771 lpop | -.0179903 .0436501 -0.41 0.680 -.1035429 .0675623 lxrate1 | -.0115347 .014817 -0.78 0.436 -.0405755 .017506 lremote | .1145369 .0808012 1.42 0.156 -.0438306 .2729044 ldist | -1.386039 .148714 -9.32 0.000 -1.677513 -1.094565 lopen | .8912172 .0829394 10.75 0.000 .7286589 1.053776 english | .2425083 .1122172 2.16 0.031 .0225666 .46245 white | 2.914902 .5400933 5.40 0.000 1.856339 3.973465 lwhitemg | -.3676631 .0490213 -7.50 0.000 -.4637431 -.271583 _cons | 2.591546 28.46469 0.09 0.927 -53.19822 58.38131------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001574 lgdp | -.000904 .001679 lgdpau | -.003279 .003134 .771413lgdpdfrati~w | .000652 -.001229 -.025533 .116778 lpopau | .012351 -.013213 -2.645 .142564 9.38671 lpop | .000046 -.000912 .000509 -.000342 -.004846 .001905 lxrate1 | .000051 .000181 -.000036 .000097 -.00035 -.000061 .00022 lremote | -.000277 .00143 .005131 -.002732 -.027671 -.000242 .000197 ldist | .003693 -.001543 -.004896 .001682 .009165 .001204 .000855 lopen | -.000498 .000412 .011483 -.001721 -.062245 .000793 -.000029 english | -.001258 .002398 -.0019 -.000183 .015325 -.001551 .00048 white | .00717 -.001339 -.010512 -.014474 .020411 .008189 .002671 lwhitemg | -.000812 .00015 .001115 .001124 -.002292 -.000684 -.000249 _cons | -.144608 .121039 23.6249 -1.7838 -86.1218 .04962 -.007784

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .006529 ldist | .00284 .022116 lopen | .002521 .000873 .006879

english | -.000073 .001667 -.003603 .012593

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white | .011667 .028715 -.002552 .0013 .291701 lwhitemg | -.000882 -.002983 .000198 .000102 -.026088 .002403 _cons | .216687 -.274503 .692489 -.251667 -.604198 .059622 810.238

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6255.26Log likelihood = -1476.004 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3525327 .0472785 7.46 0.000 .2598685 .4451969 lgdp | 1.093358 .0735619 14.86 0.000 .9491793 1.237537 lgdpau | -.6361722 .5168409 -1.23 0.218 -1.649162 .3768173lgdpdfrati~w | -.2160709 .3058367 -0.71 0.480 -.8154998 .383358 lpopau | 4.381744 1.860405 2.36 0.019 .7354162 8.028071 lpop | .0103781 .1124905 0.09 0.926 -.2100993 .2308555 lxrate1 | -.0375645 .0306811 -1.22 0.221 -.0976984 .0225694 lremote | -.2386847 .1741527 -1.37 0.171 -.5800177 .1026483 ldist | -3.087834 .38958 -7.93 0.000 -3.851397 -2.324271 lopen | -.0797176 .0575659 -1.38 0.166 -.1925447 .0331096 english | .5818037 .1940443 3.00 0.003 .2014838 .9621236 white | 7.65342 1.113866 6.87 0.000 5.470283 9.836556 lwhitemg | -.8349962 .1178002 -7.09 0.000 -1.06588 -.604112 _cons | -46.79769 18.80328 -2.49 0.013 -83.65143 -9.943945------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002235 lgdp | -.0018 .005411 lgdpau | .001062 -.001986 .267124lgdpdfrati~w | -.002167 .003968 -.024181 .093536 lpopau | -.00436 .004526 -.926749 .105612 3.46111 lpop | .000142 -.006532 .004741 -.002427 -.020773 .012654 lxrate1 | .000134 .000475 .000308 .00286 -.005366 -.000775 .000941 lremote | .000251 -.000171 -.024668 .001055 .105046 -.002838 .000718 ldist | .009631 -.012047 .003677 .001188 -.026876 .008143 .00205 lopen | .00002 -.000381 .003236 .001604 -.014584 .001605 -.000444 english | -.001616 .000617 .006979 .006209 -.054036 -.000701 .001745 white | .011914 -.031731 .025664 -.007903 -.15641 .04456 .001078 lwhitemg | -.001648 .002385 -.005042 .000675 .024141 -.002823 -.000084 _cons | -.021141 .078035 8.53913 -1.28504 -33.6232 .120089 .049547

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .030329 ldist | .004551 .151773 lopen | -.002775 .000929 .003314 english | -.006776 -.003591 -.000768 .037653 white | -.009359 .067731 .00402 .026123 1.2407 lwhitemg | .004278 -.007816 -.000772 -.001102 -.125266 .013877 _cons | -1.36433 -1.05502 .157789 .787982 1.29481 -.23215 353.563

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.

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3457.61Log likelihood = -1546.048 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4350365 .0552367 7.88 0.000 .3267746 .5432985 lgdp | 1.112461 .0636657 17.47 0.000 .9876782 1.237243 lgdpau | 2.323671 2.035876 1.14 0.254 -1.666573 6.313915lgdpdfrati~w | -2.166274 .8213521 -2.64 0.008 -3.776095 -.5564536 lpopau | -8.33498 7.009607 -1.19 0.234 -22.07356 5.403597 lpop | -.2130499 .0799257 -2.67 0.008 -.3697014 -.0563985 lxrate1 | -.069762 .0279822 -2.49 0.013 -.1246061 -.0149179 lremote | -.0787288 .1988803 -0.40 0.692 -.468527 .3110694 ldist | -2.315649 .2340913 -9.89 0.000 -2.774459 -1.856838 lopen | .0855692 .0895821 0.96 0.339 -.0900086 .2611469 english | .804514 .1831276 4.39 0.000 .4455906 1.163437 white | 2.372584 1.132475 2.10 0.036 .1529744 4.592195 lwhitemg | -.2442982 .1022074 -2.39 0.017 -.4446211 -.0439753 _cons | 82.89716 64.50214 1.29 0.199 -43.5247 209.319------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003051 lgdp | -.002108 .004053 lgdpau | -.002771 .00551 4.14479lgdpdfrati~w | -.003708 .001846 -.206022 .674619 lpopau | .009228 -.026918 -14.0596 .964122 49.1346 lpop | .000286 -.003446 -.000771 .000883 .005667 .006388 lxrate1 | .000197 .000495 .000906 -.000404 -.007082 -.000866 .000783 lremote | .004167 -.002529 .00402 -.008184 -.033797 -.000147 .000917 ldist | .006768 -.006072 -.006802 .011371 .017172 .002627 .002758 lopen | -.000373 .000718 .015083 .002883 -.076885 .00117 -.000125 english | -.003401 .002511 -.000535 .011044 .012134 -.003319 .001312 white | .020904 -.01967 .040608 -.133562 -.190466 .01031 .002931 lwhitemg | -.001902 .001318 -.003339 .011397 .015492 -.00024 -.000195 _cons | -.154622 .353689 124.657 -11.373 -446.862 -.119195 .05792

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .039553 ldist | .021735 .054799 lopen | .00407 .000592 .008025 english | -.013945 .001833 -.003379 .033536 white | .082732 .032452 -.002039 -.014855 1.2825 lwhitemg | -.004964 -.000777 .000328 .00144 -.112485 .010446 _cons | -.052461 -.785855 .811256 -.09462 1.32154 -.142303 4160.53

.

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. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1168.40Log likelihood = -1642.583 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .6184417 .0648391 9.54 0.000 .4913595 .745524 lgdp | .6757729 .10889 6.21 0.000 .4623525 .8891934 lgdpau | 1.212931 1.787079 0.68 0.497 -2.28968 4.715542lgdpdfrati~w | -.0770671 .6503942 -0.12 0.906 -1.351816 1.197682 lpopau | -10.23416 6.123326 -1.67 0.095 -22.23566 1.767335 lpop | .1023937 .1133418 0.90 0.366 -.1197522 .3245395 lxrate1 | .0693746 .0436162 1.59 0.112 -.0161116 .1548607 lremote | -1.138122 .3108908 -3.66 0.000 -1.747456 -.528787 ldist | -1.108472 .5946559 -1.86 0.062 -2.273976 .0570325 lopen | .2387584 .1109437 2.15 0.031 .0213128 .456204 english | .4014819 .3316564 1.21 0.226 -.2485526 1.051516 white | 12.22162 2.879933 4.24 0.000 6.577055 17.86618 lwhitemg | -1.410973 .295876 -4.77 0.000 -1.99088 -.831067 _cons | 142.9677 57.26771 2.50 0.013 30.72502 255.2103------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004204 lgdp | -.004749 .011857 lgdpau | .002502 -.004059 3.19365lgdpdfrati~w | -.006975 .013271 -.094306 .423013 lpopau | -.015519 .0033 -10.676 .476288 37.4951 lpop | .000951 -.006715 -.002289 -.002781 .005654 .012846 lxrate1 | -.000109 .00134 .003303 .003788 -.025185 -.001279 .001902 lremote | .002262 .006925 -.053386 .008541 .141698 -.004551 -.000234 ldist | .021496 -.01718 -.010427 -.009987 -.069251 .016567 .001815 lopen | -.001045 .001345 -.0173 .003733 .03068 .001682 .000343 english | -.005224 .006791 .025176 .016519 -.105793 .002489 .004117 white | .017394 -.038479 .145865 -.031772 -.691726 .039724 .0041 lwhitemg | -.001685 .002532 -.017855 .002248 .08232 -.003068 -.000375 _cons | .04366 .003757 94.0586 -6.08482 -343.12 -.202135 .296583

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .096653 ldist | .056207 .353616 lopen | .003059 -.004232 .012308 english | -.029323 -.009416 -.002024 .109996 white | .003741 .014728 -.006228 .113737 8.29401 lwhitemg | .004095 -.002127 .000717 -.013124 -.840217 .087543 _cons | -2.42076 -2.42444 -.086943 1.22421 7.61322 -.911661 3279.59

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

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Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2001.86Log likelihood = -1480.753 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4079736 .0512774 7.96 0.000 .3074718 .5084754 lgdp | .875419 .0844338 10.37 0.000 .7099318 1.040906 lgdpau | -.5990024 .5183372 -1.16 0.248 -1.614925 .4169198lgdpdfrati~w | .3147564 .231911 1.36 0.175 -.1397807 .7692935 lpopau | -1.108304 1.830294 -0.61 0.545 -4.695615 2.479007 lpop | .1811215 .1033692 1.75 0.080 -.0214785 .3837214 lxrate1 | -.0144164 .0270018 -0.53 0.593 -.0673389 .0385062 lremote | -.2603568 .1703439 -1.53 0.126 -.5942247 .073511 ldist | -2.178897 .4699946 -4.64 0.000 -3.100069 -1.257724 lopen | .0745954 .0521982 1.43 0.153 -.0277112 .176902 english | .9518168 .2494302 3.82 0.000 .4629426 1.440691 white | 11.04231 2.088565 5.29 0.000 6.948803 15.13583 lwhitemg | -1.116962 .2042825 -5.47 0.000 -1.517349 -.7165761 _cons | 36.08365 18.28466 1.97 0.048 .2463827 71.92092------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002629 lgdp | -.002773 .007129 lgdpau | .001407 -.005065 .268673lgdpdfrati~w | -.00225 .005162 -.024586 .053783 lpopau | -.006216 .016948 -.923551 .09601 3.34998 lpop | .00082 -.006064 .006587 -.004124 -.028835 .010685 lxrate1 | .000124 .000042 .001593 .001504 -.00901 -.000229 .000729 lremote | .001147 -.000115 -.024422 .000164 .093452 -.003111 -.000054 ldist | .008204 -.011661 .001721 -.003667 -.024356 .009629 .002235 lopen | -.000199 .000302 .002435 .001357 -.011302 .000625 -.000062 english | -.002437 .001073 .010645 .005575 -.045725 .000238 .002043 white | .012702 -.033486 .026106 -.01254 -.139424 .037113 .009498 lwhitemg | -.00143 .002314 -.003753 .000846 .018287 -.002374 -.000849 _cons | .015433 -.092525 8.49301 -1.01694 -31.903 .209326 .084122

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .029017 ldist | .012142 .220895 lopen | -.00206 -.001115 .002725 english | -.008976 .02364 -6.3e-06 .062215 white | .03954 -.147166 -.005184 .011539 4.3621 lwhitemg | -.001475 .015928 .000206 .000531 -.422107 .041731 _cons | -1.23477 -1.80778 .137236 .285921 2.75104 -.348955 334.329

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squares

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Panels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3208.49Log likelihood = -1563.369 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3931563 .0579131 6.79 0.000 .2796488 .5066638 lgdp | 1.217498 .0698533 17.43 0.000 1.080588 1.354408 lgdpau | 2.100904 2.119054 0.99 0.321 -2.052366 6.254174lgdpdfrati~w | -2.311011 .8239653 -2.80 0.005 -3.925954 -.6960688 lpopau | -7.892851 7.294285 -1.08 0.279 -22.18939 6.403685 lpop | -.323914 .0809072 -4.00 0.000 -.4824893 -.1653388 lxrate1 | -.0304053 .0280978 -1.08 0.279 -.0854759 .0246654 lremote | .0519607 .1955735 0.27 0.790 -.3313563 .4352777 ldist | -2.268755 .2336495 -9.71 0.000 -2.7267 -1.81081 lopen | .1167652 .0992851 1.18 0.240 -.07783 .3113604 english | .9429576 .1989737 4.74 0.000 .5529763 1.332939 white | 2.642326 1.148093 2.30 0.021 .3921061 4.892546 lwhitemg | -.2574623 .103928 -2.48 0.013 -.4611574 -.0537672 _cons | 79.33948 67.12337 1.18 0.237 -52.21991 210.8989------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003354 lgdp | -.002673 .004879 lgdpau | -.003634 .006464 4.49039lgdpdfrati~w | -.00399 .002932 -.214531 .678919 lpopau | .013323 -.031923 -15.2259 .977132 53.2066 lpop | .000996 -.004112 -.001015 -.001206 .006678 .006546 lxrate1 | .000016 .000672 .000885 .000501 -.007487 -.001003 .000789 lremote | .003744 -.002476 .001244 -.006613 -.02461 .001327 .000594 ldist | .006837 -.006185 -.009116 .011903 .024611 .003178 .002125 lopen | -.000506 .000781 .015862 .003229 -.085363 .001605 -.000181 english | -.004999 .004611 .001907 .014598 .000139 -.004839 .001672 white | .019415 -.020415 .035291 -.128775 -.155697 .01303 .000797 lwhitemg | -.001791 .001401 -.002997 .011186 .012709 -.000464 4.3e-06 _cons | -.195739 .405318 134.982 -11.3809 -483.925 -.135963 .072313

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .038249 ldist | .021923 .054592 lopen | .00456 .000546 .009858 english | -.015077 .000734 -.003773 .039591 white | .079742 .009471 -.002995 -.024283 1.31812 lwhitemg | -.004823 .001471 .000453 .002445 -.11607 .010801 _cons | -.144554 -.852517 .921763 .039345 1.11511 -.127281 4505.55

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000

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Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2896.96Log likelihood = -1527.567 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5400554 .0438785 12.31 0.000 .4540552 .6260557 lgdp | 1.102314 .0692579 15.92 0.000 .9665713 1.238057 lgdpau | -.4164403 .7021195 -0.59 0.553 -1.792569 .9596887lgdpdfrati~w | -.5157085 .4844986 -1.06 0.287 -1.465308 .4338913 lpopau | 2.226641 2.510374 0.89 0.375 -2.693602 7.146885 lpop | -.1733623 .0850621 -2.04 0.042 -.3400809 -.0066437 lxrate1 | -.0380388 .03043 -1.25 0.211 -.0976805 .0216029 lremote | -.8133825 .1941942 -4.19 0.000 -1.193996 -.4327688 ldist | -2.137319 .312734 -6.83 0.000 -2.750266 -1.524372 lopen | .0397566 .0738539 0.54 0.590 -.1049944 .1845076 english | .8481529 .2354454 3.60 0.000 .3866884 1.309617 white | 5.647912 2.052436 2.75 0.006 1.62521 9.670613 lwhitemg | -.784048 .2102045 -3.73 0.000 -1.196041 -.3720547 _cons | -18.33283 25.04442 -0.73 0.464 -67.41899 30.75333------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001925 lgdp | -.001906 .004797 lgdpau | .000211 -.003375 .492972lgdpdfrati~w | -.003442 .003976 -.059375 .234739 lpopau | -.000722 .006139 -1.69996 .307872 6.30198 lpop | .000144 -.003394 .00372 .000655 -.020318 .007236 lxrate1 | -.000358 .000748 .001355 .00276 -.010192 -.000381 .000926 lremote | .001513 .001686 -.028133 .002726 .11936 -.004288 .000141 ldist | .006573 -.009571 -.003241 .000274 -.008494 .011197 .000585 lopen | .000094 -.00086 -.000601 .00512 -.004143 .001874 -.000303 english | -.001184 .001022 .016447 .007269 -.099721 .003087 .002988 white | .00808 -.011819 .037186 -.009946 -.245814 .019416 .006349 lwhitemg | -.000721 .000775 -.00469 .001475 .028454 -.001605 -.000456 _cons | -.036011 .011503 15.6157 -3.9171 -61.0172 .133784 .111171

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .037711 ldist | .015235 .097803 lopen | -.001802 .00146 .005454 english | -.014171 .016046 -.001384 .055435 white | .00823 .062955 -.002084 .06735 4.21249 lwhitemg | .001426 -.004621 .000121 -.00669 -.425815 .044186 _cons | -1.69795 -.842805 .075018 1.09967 2.30707 -.303076 627.223

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrxnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 615.80

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Log likelihood = -1168.336 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4363916 .0707866 6.16 0.000 .2976524 .5751309 lgdp | .473358 .1131188 4.18 0.000 .2516493 .6950667 lgdpau | -3.060709 1.33645 -2.29 0.022 -5.680104 -.4413148lgdpdfrati~w | -1.48093 .6136099 -2.41 0.016 -2.683584 -.2782771 lpopau | 12.78713 4.572146 2.80 0.005 3.825884 21.74837 lpop | -.034322 .1029591 -0.33 0.739 -.2361181 .1674741 lxrate1 | -.1031192 .0398599 -2.59 0.010 -.181243 -.0249953 lremote | -.1880201 .2992084 -0.63 0.530 -.7744577 .3984175 ldist | -1.75851 .39476 -4.45 0.000 -2.532225 -.9847944 lopen | -.1560122 .1507927 -1.03 0.301 -.4515605 .1395361 english | .8831003 .2617935 3.37 0.001 .3699946 1.396206 white | 12.15926 1.381896 8.80 0.000 9.450797 14.86773 lwhitemg | -1.342763 .1160019 -11.58 0.000 -1.570122 -1.115403 _cons | -118.3814 42.57045 -2.78 0.005 -201.8179 -34.94481------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005011 lgdp | -.004877 .012796 lgdpau | -.005752 .007354 1.7861lgdpdfrati~w | -.003432 .001773 .045376 .376517 lpopau | .020454 -.042586 -5.94392 .003215 20.9045 lpop | .000417 -.006809 .00023 .000603 .000784 .010601 lxrate1 | -.000059 .001652 .000684 .000852 -.006737 -.001974 .001589 lremote | .003073 .002489 -.031641 -.053007 .01022 -.003615 .00086 ldist | .01437 -.011117 -.02228 -.015035 .03605 .009057 .000909 lopen | .000289 -.000299 .008903 -.000724 -.083143 .004188 -.000716 english | -.008234 .010967 .011337 .014433 -.02865 -.002656 .002689 white | .01961 -.038772 -.016493 -.059923 .060376 .041216 -.005414 lwhitemg | -.002019 .002344 -.001321 .000979 -.000433 -.003223 .00054 _cons | -.273536 .433705 52.0487 -1.06718 -190.577 -.079435 .064214

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .089526 ldist | .031736 .155835 lopen | .008957 .004423 .022738 english | -.014349 -.004622 -.010306 .068536 white | .035169 .137493 -.008755 .080015 1.90964 lwhitemg | .003629 -.014224 .000927 -.007652 -.151231 .013456 _cons | -.381226 -1.73745 .988332 .130578 -2.07038 .15891 1812.24

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrxmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1176.23Log likelihood = -954.5294 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

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-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2250322 .0432875 5.20 0.000 .1401902 .3098742 lgdp | .3562163 .0917308 3.88 0.000 .1764272 .5360055 lgdpau | -2.639909 1.116104 -2.37 0.018 -4.827432 -.4523856lgdpdfrati~w | -4.464758 .463568 -9.63 0.000 -5.373335 -3.556181 lpopau | 10.0796 3.856764 2.61 0.009 2.520477 17.63872 lpop | .1224121 .0729024 1.68 0.093 -.020474 .2652982 lxrate1 | -.0769449 .0277044 -2.78 0.005 -.1312446 -.0226452 lremote | .4873245 .1646225 2.96 0.003 .1646703 .8099787 ldist | -2.407405 .2202283 -10.93 0.000 -2.839044 -1.975765 lopen | -.0854322 .0527232 -1.62 0.105 -.1887677 .0179033 english | .4937593 .1611394 3.06 0.002 .1779319 .8095866 white | 8.969134 .8287183 10.82 0.000 7.344876 10.59339 lwhitemg | -.808975 .0740642 -10.92 0.000 -.9541382 -.6638118 _cons | -78.4779 35.86276 -2.19 0.029 -148.7676 -8.188175------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001874 lgdp | -.002768 .008415 lgdpau | -.002768 .006218 1.24569lgdpdfrati~w | -.002305 .005117 -.046593 .214895 lpopau | .012383 -.033094 -4.2248 .22835 14.8746 lpop | .001906 -.005895 -.002828 -.003669 .014616 .005315 lxrate1 | -.00015 .001153 .000885 .000733 -.006999 -.00089 .000768 lremote | .001719 -.003499 -.003689 -.012163 -.007811 .003968 -.000245 ldist | .005235 -.008948 -.011748 -.008275 .052044 .007478 -.000815 lopen | -.000111 .000158 .004817 .002029 -.023446 .000669 -.000075 english | -.002574 .003986 .001811 .003733 -.001231 -.00134 .000241 white | .016578 -.032639 -.025494 -.028989 .093782 .032957 -.005103 lwhitemg | -.001267 .001428 .001238 .000388 -.004993 -.001861 .000287 _cons | -.174626 .412236 37.5211 -2.65086 -136.203 -.229794 .088709

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .027101

ldist | .016843 .048501 lopen | .000685 .000254 .00278 english | -.003356 .007088 -.000683 .025966 white | .055647 .070074 .001786 -.000132 .686774 lwhitemg | -.002405 -.004701 -.000248 .000109 -.057557 .005486 _cons | -.15168 -1.10582 .24138 -.134198 -1.90009 .121261 1286.14

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrxsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 794.55Log likelihood = -1432.155 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .304571 .0880098 3.46 0.001 .1320749 .4770671 lgdp | .3909386 .141968 2.75 0.006 .1126865 .6691906

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lgdpau | -.7826282 1.172795 -0.67 0.505 -3.081263 1.516007lgdpdfrati~w | -.7928797 .5745426 -1.38 0.168 -1.918962 .333203 lpopau | 10.05289 3.971021 2.53 0.011 2.269834 17.83595 lpop | -.1018142 .1366522 -0.75 0.456 -.3696475 .1660192 lxrate1 | -.085229 .0466261 -1.83 0.068 -.1766145 .0061566 lremote | .3043959 .2501501 1.22 0.224 -.1858893 .7946811 ldist | -2.261277 .4490599 -5.04 0.000 -3.141419 -1.381136 lopen | -.324182 .1715021 -1.89 0.059 -.6603199 .011956 english | 1.6078 .3134959 5.13 0.000 .9933597 2.222241 white | 19.41652 1.826142 10.63 0.000 15.83735 22.99569 lwhitemg | -1.883192 .174891 -10.77 0.000 -2.225972 -1.540412 _cons | -131.6637 37.134 -3.55 0.000 -204.445 -58.88237------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .007746 lgdp | -.009686 .020155 lgdpau | -.01047 .010755 1.37545lgdpdfrati~w | -.00317 -.00236 .122381 .330099 lpopau | .032385 -.029167 -4.49334 -.224542 15.769 lpop | .003147 -.012076 -.001337 .002025 -.017183 .018674 lxrate1 | .000549 .001137 -.000289 -.000137 .003481 -.002188 .002174 lremote | .00328 .002069 -.040109 -.053368 .001935 -.001121 -.000235 ldist | .019164 -.021963 -.04855 -.036116 .07897 .021857 .00217 lopen | -.000689 -.000343 .006979 -.006513 -.088812 .007009 -.001105 english | -.011792 .009843 .01149 .003704 -.062992 .00399 .002823 white | .034327 -.073776 -.042156 -.046253 .024508 .078746 .001889 lwhitemg | -.003103 .005229 .000944 .001005 -.005373 -.005955 -.000281 _cons | -.345325 .177318 38.9707 1.00842 -143.615 .091599 -.072996

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .062575 ldist | .045592 .201655 lopen | .011659 .004809 .029413 english | -.004087 .010717 -.006764 .09828 white | .035941 .155656 .000887 .105459 3.33479 lwhitemg | .00002 -.012076 .00058 -.006754 -.311889 .030587 _cons | .064849 -2.2883 1.07623 .412386 -.871349 .176711 1378.93

. xtgls lrxsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 937.06Log likelihood = -263.8213 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | -.003461 .0143408 -0.24 0.809 -.0315684 .0246464 lgdp | .0658349 .0392748 1.68 0.094 -.0111423 .1428121 lgdpau | .0383911 .2811572 0.14 0.891 -.5126669 .5894491lgdpdfrati~w | -.1190741 .1450733 -0.82 0.412 -.4034124 .1652643 lpopau | 3.052903 1.006647 3.03 0.002 1.079911 5.025895 lpop | .188716 .051633 3.65 0.000 .0875172 .2899148 lxrate1 | -.0372634 .013351 -2.79 0.005 -.0634308 -.0110959 lremote | -.077885 .1009146 -0.77 0.440 -.2756739 .119904 ldist | -3.25214 .3272031 -9.94 0.000 -3.893446 -2.610834

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lopen | -.0394269 .026577 -1.48 0.138 -.0915168 .0126631 english | 1.456423 .1627158 8.95 0.000 1.137506 1.775341 white | 19.82414 1.236508 16.03 0.000 17.40063 22.24765 lwhitemg | -1.606187 .117914 -13.62 0.000 -1.837295 -1.37508 _cons | -23.51215 11.09824 -2.12 0.034 -45.2643 -1.759991------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000206 lgdp | -.000128 .001543 lgdpau | .000241 -.001134 .079049lgdpdfrati~w | -.000184 .000301 -.005335 .021046 lpopau | -.001186 .005251 -.268999 .025266 1.01334 lpop | -.000066 -.001216 -.000105 .000023 -.002394 .002666 lxrate1 | .000018 -5.3e-06 .000302 .000336 -.002855 .000034 .000178 lremote | .000161 .000976 -.007 -.000846 .021314 .000138 .000094 ldist | .000945 .00229 -.008193 -.000464 .029463 -.000557 -.000404 lopen | .000025 -.000099 .000132 .000092 -.002097 .000153 -.000013 english | -.000295 .000395 -.000401 -.000245 .007619 .0001 -.000031 white | .000593 -.005825 .001637 -.003112 -.031912 .010162 .000487 lwhitemg | -.000093 .000146 -.00028 .000199 .001935 -.000688 -1.9e-06 _cons | .005982 -.103013 2.55883 -.296187 -10.3133 .032584 .041031

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .010184 ldist | .010938 .107062 lopen | -.000125 -.000406 .000706 english | .000233 .019746 -.000401 .026476 white | .007089 .025603 -.000018 .032908 1.52895 lwhitemg | -.00032 -.004161 .00004 -.003698 -.141437 .013904 _cons | -.388523 -1.44435 .036314 -.319406 .142386 .026051 123.171

. xtgls lrxsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 734.82Log likelihood = -1308.844 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2098764 .0587285 3.57 0.000 .0947708 .324982 lgdp | .7302596 .1173057 6.23 0.000 .5003448 .9601745 lgdpau | -5.383073 1.915738 -2.81 0.005 -9.137851 -1.628296lgdpdfrati~w | -.0299426 .8559396 -0.03 0.972 -1.707553 1.647668 lpopau | 16.05675 6.636553 2.42 0.016 3.049342 29.06415 lpop | .0793528 .1322473 0.60 0.548 -.1798472 .3385529 lxrate1 | -.0534264 .0384108 -1.39 0.164 -.1287102 .0218574 lremote | -.854938 .345077 -2.48 0.013 -1.531276 -.1785995 ldist | -2.994702 .4124706 -7.26 0.000 -3.803129 -2.186274 lopen | -.2502512 .1836233 -1.36 0.173 -.6101462 .1096439 english | .3229628 .2750474 1.17 0.240 -.2161203 .8620459 white | 10.59916 1.534061 6.91 0.000 7.592455 13.60586 lwhitemg | -1.220273 .1584601 -7.70 0.000 -1.530849 -.9096964 _cons | -103.5504 62.02685 -1.67 0.095 -225.1208 18.02002------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003449 lgdp | -.004797 .013761 lgdpau | -.004001 .008767 3.67005lgdpdfrati~w | -.0054 .005843 -.090954 .732633 lpopau | .017436 -.055574 -12.4135 .60799 44.0438 lpop | .001957 -.009942 .00232 -.003145 -.015888 .017489 lxrate1 | -.000464 .001779 .001896 .004331 -.01157 -.001521 .001475 lremote | .004803 -.008359 -.018915 -.060417 .026481 .000946 -.006266 ldist | .015127 -.019485 -.010976 -.040339 -.022314 .012648 -.00319 lopen | -.000275 .000154 .022053 -.003877 -.177262 .007492 -.001117 english | -.002033 .006135 .003916 .018612 -.011762 -.000992 .003682 white | .030311 -.063636 -.026085 -.034036 .181404 .067068 -.004769 lwhitemg | -.002486 .003632 -.000632 -.002029 -.003642 -.005205 -.000167 _cons | -.30692 .812319 109.808 -7.62573 -404.518 .025619 .204165

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .119078 ldist | .050923 .170132 lopen | .017481 .011318 .033718 english | -.01876 .017228 -.008585 .075651 white | .061617 .187108 -.007766 .107802 2.35334 lwhitemg | .005261 -.016437 .001611 -.013438 -.232331 .02511 _cons | -1.2418 -1.19688 2.01582 -.068475 -4.44568 .208778 3847.33

. xtgls lrxsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 287.88Log likelihood = -729.2448 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0596094 .0441552 1.35 0.177 -.0269332 .146152 lgdp | .1091092 .1082819 1.01 0.314 -.1031195 .3213378 lgdpau | -.0936761 .8971794 -0.10 0.917 -1.852115 1.664763lgdpdfrati~w | .2575334 .304451 0.85 0.398 -.3391795 .8542463 lpopau | -1.416859 3.075858 -0.46 0.645 -7.445429 4.611712 lpop | .6259848 .1205217 5.19 0.000 .3897667 .862203 lxrate1 | .0417638 .0329759 1.27 0.205 -.0228679 .1063954 lremote | -.2420755 .3062096 -0.79 0.429 -.8422354 .3580843 ldist | -1.920893 .5709219 -3.36 0.001 -3.039879 -.8019063 lopen | .0170637 .0628707 0.27 0.786 -.1061605 .1402879 english | 1.710893 .3991015 4.29 0.000 .9286688 2.493118 white | 14.67072 2.430527 6.04 0.000 9.906977 19.43447 lwhitemg | -1.160441 .2230005 -5.20 0.000 -1.597514 -.723368 _cons | 34.62052 29.63372 1.17 0.243 -23.46051 92.70154------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00195 lgdp | -.001554 .011725 lgdpau | .00169 -.003782 .804931

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lgdpdfrati~w | -.001585 .002128 -.024989 .09269 lpopau | -.012472 .004838 -2.68439 .081883 9.4609 lpop | .000276 -.008828 .000195 -.000065 -.000647 .014525 lxrate1 | .000156 .000369 .00113 .002206 -.010199 -.00049 .001087 lremote | .001107 .007592 -.049749 -.017568 .160124 -.005261 -.000944 ldist | .007123 -.000543 -.005991 -.003606 -.039078 .009128 .002031 lopen | .000137 -.000551 -.002688 .004833 .005052 .001237 -.00009 english | -.004679 -.008284 .011876 .010558 -.033176 .010042 .002229 white | .004965 -.059906 .06048 -.003536 -.223022 .072012 .001114 lwhitemg | -.000777 .00308 -.00899 -.000862 .03704 -.005234 -.000175 _cons | .108699 -.157269 23.9986 -.652984 -87.6827 -.067488 .120993

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .093764 ldist | .027669 .325952 lopen | -.000499 -1.8e-06 .003953 english | -.029624 .065843 -.000741 .159282 white | -.034133 .134808 .004166 .220223 5.90746 lwhitemg | .007499 -.017891 -.000327 -.021018 -.520828 .049729 _cons | -2.50427 -2.7314 -.01923 -.133682 1.24856 -.252193 878.157

. xtgls lrxsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 229.83Log likelihood = -802.201 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003444 .0408113 0.08 0.933 -.0765447 .0834327 lgdp | .0804746 .0798403 1.01 0.313 -.0760096 .2369588 lgdpau | .1084585 .6995059 0.16 0.877 -1.262548 1.479465lgdpdfrati~w | .0082042 .2453141 0.03 0.973 -.4726027 .489011 lpopau | -.1746565 2.410934 -0.07 0.942 -4.900001 4.550688 lpop | .522054 .0975001 5.35 0.000 .3309574 .7131506 lxrate1 | -.0048497 .0217094 -0.22 0.823 -.0473992 .0376999 lremote | .3223752 .2418202 1.33 0.182 -.1515838 .7963341 ldist | -2.625647 .3963421 -6.62 0.000 -3.402463 -1.84883 lopen | .0254003 .050745 0.50 0.617 -.074058 .1248586 english | .7161244 .3352527 2.14 0.033 .0590412 1.373208 white | -.5637179 1.799508 -0.31 0.754 -4.090689 2.963253 lwhitemg | .1239032 .1780295 0.70 0.486 -.2250283 .4728347 _cons | 13.51892 23.5573 0.57 0.566 -32.65255 59.69038------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001666 lgdp | -.001169 .006374 lgdpau | -.000359 .000719 .489308lgdpdfrati~w | -.000232 .00034 -.035384 .060179 lpopau | -.005207 -.002574 -1.63333 .115551 5.8126 lpop | -.000099 -.004478 -.000292 -.000747 -.009127 .009506 lxrate1 | .000152 .000011 -.000362 .001351 -.003038 -.000174 .000471 lremote | .002303 .003268 -.029162 -.008739 .092252 -.002966 -.000263 ldist | .004632 -.002977 -.017135 -.001865 .044538 .000735 .000494 lopen | -.0001 .000318 .002507 .000421 -.010963 .000595 -.000027

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english | -.003583 -.003049 .000508 .002903 .011294 .002079 .000734 white | .004888 -.030272 -.004871 -.012152 -.073727 .03713 .002183 lwhitemg | -.000578 .001623 -.002268 .000558 .016679 -.00242 -.000179 _cons | .051708 -.043113 14.7029 -.95328 -54.7077 .131075 .05632

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .058477 ldist | .030016 .157087 lopen | .000274 -.001023 .002575 english | -.012177 .045756 -.001506 .112394 white | .030788 .029308 -.001151 .133514 3.23823 lwhitemg | -.000037 -.001619 .000107 -.012094 -.310414 .031695 _cons | -1.58949 -2.02724 .108283 -.50554 .845151 -.194934 554.947

. xtgls lrxsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 593.15Log likelihood = -1035.633 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0892965 .074474 1.20 0.231 -.0566698 .2352628 lgdp | .6464582 .1381184 4.68 0.000 .3757512 .9171652 lgdpau | -.5659763 .8596809 -0.66 0.510 -2.25092 1.118967lgdpdfrati~w | -.7162348 .3805166 -1.88 0.060 -1.462034 .0295641 lpopau | 6.931145 2.913064 2.38 0.017 1.221645 12.64064 lpop | .1600637 .127464 1.26 0.209 -.0897612 .4098886 lxrate1 | -.1616918 .0355194 -4.55 0.000 -.2313086 -.0920751 lremote | .1728762 .2382566 0.73 0.468 -.2940982 .6398506 ldist | -3.148298 .3912528 -8.05 0.000 -3.915139 -2.381457 lopen | .112989 .0929294 1.22 0.224 -.0691492 .2951273 english | .8514885 .2646173 3.22 0.001 .3328481 1.370129 white | 12.47117 1.930069 6.46 0.000 8.688302 16.25403 lwhitemg | -1.204839 .1826723 -6.60 0.000 -1.56287 -.8468084 _cons | -84.59078 27.45764 -3.08 0.002 -138.4068 -30.7748------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005546 lgdp | -.006274 .019077 lgdpau | -.004789 .00604 .739051lgdpdfrati~w | -.000134 -.001226 .033383 .144793 lpopau | .015403 -.031232 -2.41949 -.041116 8.48594 lpop | .001549 -.012146 -.001467 .001577 .004559 .016247 lxrate1 | .000476 .001092 .000588 .000703 -.004061 -.001343 .001262 lremote | .000945 .006335 -.031745 -.026698 .025144 -.00601 .001779 ldist | .013589 -.010542 -.02306 -.004792 .071807 .000401 .00027 lopen | -.000126 .00018 .002296 .00247 -.029026 .002019 -.000505 english | -.005416 .016227 .000613 -.004025 -.00853 -.012906 -.000383 white | .030655 -.054837 -.061548 -.04238 .09686 .050422 -.002149 lwhitemg | -.002754 .002483 .00235 .001283 -.003346 -.002418 .000078 _cons | -.185108 .194756 21.1271 -.058331 -77.6605 .025334 .022828

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------

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lremote | .056766 ldist | .020491 .153079 lopen | .002313 -.000119 .008636 english | .008013 .027125 -.004096 .070022 white | .054725 .093051 -.004108 .034722 3.72517 lwhitemg | -.001299 -.009887 .000258 -.005764 -.341548 .033369 _cons | -.311813 -2.07632 .374085 -.348169 -1.09416 .101169 753.922

. xtgls lrxsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 796.06Log likelihood = -1128.893 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2464401 .0747341 3.30 0.001 .099964 .3929163 lgdp | .6128437 .1125457 5.45 0.000 .3922581 .8334293 lgdpau | .1750116 1.169465 0.15 0.881 -2.117097 2.46712lgdpdfrati~w | -1.105461 .5651269 -1.96 0.050 -2.213089 .0021676 lpopau | 2.435058 3.984072 0.61 0.541 -5.373579 10.2437 lpop | -.0581499 .1197162 -0.49 0.627 -.2927893 .1764895 lxrate1 | -.0376979 .0386916 -0.97 0.330 -.113532 .0381361 lremote | .3830592 .2797231 1.37 0.171 -.165188 .9313063 ldist | -2.706106 .4173528 -6.48 0.000 -3.524103 -1.88811 lopen | -.1040126 .0933067 -1.11 0.265 -.2868903 .0788652 english | 1.274731 .285459 4.47 0.000 .7152417 1.83422 white | 11.64091 1.399207 8.32 0.000 8.898516 14.38331 lwhitemg | -1.144837 .1356083 -8.44 0.000 -1.410624 -.8790498 _cons | -31.61608 37.27153 -0.85 0.396 -104.6669 41.43477------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005585 lgdp | -.0055 .012667 lgdpau | -.005304 .008442 1.36765lgdpdfrati~w | -.003537 .004335 .043675 .319368 lpopau | .01342 -.031447 -4.51869 .037263 15.8728 lpop | .001264 -.009225 -.00403 -.000643 .010729 .014332 lxrate1 | .000558 .000848 .001812 .000435 -.011302 -.001307 .001497 lremote | .004599 -.00174 -.030159 -.047109 -.004809 -.001797 .001916 ldist | .014614 -.010306 -.02809 -.025147 .055337 .003862 .000728 lopen | -.000362 .000876 .00065 .000869 -.025257 .000932 -.000352 english | -.006316 .010735 .004589 -.000486 -.005841 -.006118 -.000675 white | .029567 -.05327 -.055183 -.042931 .099729 .054041 -.001492 lwhitemg | -.002494 .003165 .002215 -.00046 -.006911 -.003631 .000153 _cons | -.190774 .297454 39.4618 -1.51829 -144.885 -.112251 .109262

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .078245 ldist | .045778 .174183 lopen | .003967 .001108 .008706 english | .002375 .030822 -.003318 .081487 white | .078282 .108176 -.008447 .029876 1.95778 lwhitemg | -.001667 -.009873 .000575 -.004074 -.182093 .01839 _cons | -.164634 -2.13917 .333497 -.46208 -1.73761 .169135 1389.17

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. xtgls lrxsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 429.28Log likelihood = -1185.799 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1951751 .0511543 3.82 0.000 .0949145 .2954357 lgdp | .3072694 .1048398 2.93 0.003 .1017873 .5127516 lgdpau | -2.076023 1.332269 -1.56 0.119 -4.687222 .5351765lgdpdfrati~w | -2.111992 .609862 -3.46 0.001 -3.3073 -.9166846 lpopau | 6.309622 4.551727 1.39 0.166 -2.611598 15.23084 lpop | .1144982 .0777348 1.47 0.141 -.0378593 .2668556 lxrate1 | -.113305 .0384817 -2.94 0.003 -.1887277 -.0378822 lremote | .9828181 .2631053 3.74 0.000 .4671412 1.498495 ldist | -1.459709 .4096007 -3.56 0.000 -2.262511 -.6569062 lopen | .0158602 .1193347 0.13 0.894 -.2180315 .2497519 english | .6162067 .1851781 3.33 0.001 .2532644 .9791491 white | 7.622263 1.361664 5.60 0.000 4.953451 10.29108 lwhitemg | -.6094267 .131767 -4.63 0.000 -.8676853 -.3511681 _cons | -46.25982 42.25623 -1.09 0.274 -129.0805 36.56086------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002617 lgdp | -.002624 .010991 lgdpau | -.003781 .006237 1.77494lgdpdfrati~w | -.001323 -.000257 .087593 .371932 lpopau | .014244 -.039593 -5.9228 -.154422 20.7182 lpop | .000605 -.005605 -.000781 -.001088 .004495 .006043 lxrate1 | .000238 .001525 .000843 .000744 -.006204 -.001537 .001481 lremote | .000461 .00138 -.02919 -.048027 .049054 .001476 -.000813 ldist | .012631 -.006227 -.027657 -.02772 .04986 .005219 .002194 lopen | -.00018 .000559 .009094 .000282 -.064518 .00302 -.000502 english | -.002957 .004865 .00743 .007034 -.024827 .001061 .0009 white | .013415 -.031481 -.030334 -.057511 .094793 .030737 -.005003 lwhitemg | -.001486 .000981 -.000469 .000972 .003066 -.001774 .000057 _cons | -.226853 .390624 52.0099 .58846 -188.429 -.0805 .04969

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .069224 ldist | .0432 .167773 lopen | .005286 .007902 .014241 english | -.00794 -.00148 -.001952 .034291 white | .047024 .111689 .003876 .046103 1.85413 lwhitemg | .001268 -.011285 -.00045 -.004931 -.170007 .017363 _cons | -1.06829 -2.07129 .663346 .165495 -2.06253 .073691 1785.59

. xtgls lrxsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

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Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 506.39Log likelihood = -968.5038 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1234103 .0519857 2.37 0.018 .0215201 .2253004 lgdp | .5021217 .1007332 4.98 0.000 .3046882 .6995551 lgdpau | -1.089163 1.30023 -0.84 0.402 -3.637567 1.459241lgdpdfrati~w | -1.030244 .5432965 -1.90 0.058 -2.095086 .0345977 lpopau | 3.777368 4.468395 0.85 0.398 -4.980526 12.53526 lpop | .0578436 .1027888 0.56 0.574 -.1436187 .2593059 lxrate1 | -.0399091 .0389422 -1.02 0.305 -.1162344 .0364162 lremote | -.854613 .3015217 -2.83 0.005 -1.445585 -.2636413 ldist | -3.062625 .4387116 -6.98 0.000 -3.922484 -2.202766 lopen | -.0421272 .1054038 -0.40 0.689 -.2487149 .1644605 english | .7037309 .2008901 3.50 0.000 .3099935 1.097468 white | 11.17103 1.692011 6.60 0.000 7.854753 14.48731 lwhitemg | -1.112113 .1502475 -7.40 0.000 -1.406593 -.8176337 _cons | -5.123752 41.97912 -0.12 0.903 -87.40131 77.15381------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002703 lgdp | -.002537 .010147 lgdpau | -.003219 .005828 1.6906lgdpdfrati~w | -.001253 -.00009 -.026684 .295171 lpopau | .01106 -.028513 -5.67221 .172892 19.9666 lpop | -.000451 -.006185 -.001201 .001267 .004515 .010566 lxrate1 | .000105 .001431 .002267 .001623 -.013029 -.001569 .001516 lremote | .004372 .000864 -.02079 -.035356 .04948 -.00439 -.001019 ldist | .011154 -.008206 -.021691 -.013916 .060042 .002624 -.000745 lopen | -.0002 -.000258 .005018 .00525 -.046305 .002216 -.000072 english | -.002735 .003511 .00791 .005678 -.024998 -.001822 .001986 white | .011765 -.036893 .017367 -.020026 -.011765 .039361 -.005674 lwhitemg | -.000911 .001277 -.003123 -.000552 .007037 -.002533 .000329 _cons | -.193866 .270594 50.058 -2.04613 -183.172 -.051724 .158075

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .090915 ldist | .047246 .192468 lopen | .003259 .001182 .01111 english | -.0182 .00646 -.00256 .040357 white | .025722 .111246 -.001352 .032189 2.8629 lwhitemg | .002037 -.010349 .000276 -.003288 -.245522 .022574 _cons | -1.45067 -2.58594 .573265 .241949 -1.40794 .065209 1762.25

. xtgls lrxsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10

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Wald chi2(13) = 812.42Log likelihood = -1565.275 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4176173 .0694519 6.01 0.000 .2814941 .5537406 lgdp | .2223333 .1280036 1.74 0.082 -.0285492 .4732158 lgdpau | -2.04499 1.665723 -1.23 0.220 -5.309746 1.219766lgdpdfrati~w | -.9744409 .5549357 -1.76 0.079 -2.062095 .1132131 lpopau | 17.62784 5.68206 3.10 0.002 6.491209 28.76447 lpop | .4683956 .1234998 3.79 0.000 .2263403 .7104508 lxrate1 | -.1286641 .0423085 -3.04 0.002 -.2115872 -.0457409 lremote | .311452 .30758 1.01 0.311 -.2913937 .9142977 ldist | -1.877628 .4433872 -4.23 0.000 -2.746651 -1.008605 lopen | -.1266737 .1368035 -0.93 0.354 -.3948037 .1414564 english | .363907 .2804568 1.30 0.194 -.1857782 .9135922 white | 16.96093 2.476308 6.85 0.000 12.10745 21.8144 lwhitemg | -1.624441 .2392087 -6.79 0.000 -2.093281 -1.1556 _cons | -233.5122 52.78779 -4.42 0.000 -336.9743 -130.05------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004824 lgdp | -.005512 .016385 lgdpau | -.006307 .008893 2.77463lgdpdfrati~w | -.002038 .002673 -.034325 .307954 lpopau | .020178 -.042538 -9.23887 .120782 32.2858 lpop | .001762 -.010987 -.003795 -.001465 .008523 .015252 lxrate1 | -.000085 .001538 -.001075 .003425 -.004672 -.001281 .00179 lremote | .005096 -.001444 -.046745 -.017208 .057929 .001473 .001361 ldist | .016376 -.011514 -.033579 -.002099 .097658 .009079 -.000694 lopen | -.000537 -.00003 .006611 .008241 -.043492 .003679 -.000336 english | -.004878 .011456 .009532 .000857 -.055117 -.006945 .001332 white | .0194 -.04893 -.068577 -.044019 -.049882 .062967 .005617 lwhitemg | -.001501 .00189 .001338 .001551 .012007 -.003434 -.000476 _cons | -.300046 .420154 81.1296 -1.27264 -294.171 -.136359 .075697

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .094605 ldist | .045217 .196592 lopen | .005633 .003568 .018715 english | -.011684 .026045 -.004922 .078656 white | .135919 -.006441 -.0002 -.028563 6.1321 lwhitemg | -.005068 .001341 .000156 .002079 -.581249 .057221 _cons | -.993161 -2.99117 .416045 .366584 1.4973 -.180548 2786.55

.

.

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.

. clear

. insheet using k:\book1.txt(104 vars, 1010 obs)

. *Dropping Haiti

. drop if ccode==363280(10 observations deleted)

.

.

.

.

. *Descriptive stats after dropping

. tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remote dist op> en english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median min max) col(sta> t)

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 1000 491197.1 1561183 8397.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 1000 33461.54 117038.7 2986.5 0 1137050 gdp | 1000 2.79e+11 9.69e+11 1.74e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 1000 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 1000 105.6914 16.70145 102.8924 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 1000 100.7173 4.633489 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 1000 4.95e+07 1.54e+08 1.04e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 1000 1.82e+07 612793.8 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 1000 1043.022 10901.72 16.2185 .0068 270182.6 remote | 1000 6746.281 4145.26 6797 1293 39620 dist | 1000 13346.9 3525.118 14215 2409 17972 open | 1000 .7113696 .3885214 .63975 .0671 3.2192 english | 1000 .38 .4856293 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 1000 1.05231 .1785168 1.017907 .5844526 2.009028 white | 1000 .13 .3364717 0 0 1 whitemg | 1000 20501.65 116468.1 0 0 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

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. sort white

. *IIIB. Descriptives Original Unites(sub sample for "white" and "non-white" cou> ntries)--RHS Variables:. by white: tabstat rimp immig gdp gdpau gdpdefnew gdpdfau pop popau xrate1 remo> te dist phone open english gdpdfrationew white whitemg, stat(n mean sd median > min max) col(stat)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 0

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 870 404946.3 1597577 3443.5 0 1.39e+07 immig | 870 14896.42 27125.38 1606 0 158613 gdp | 870 2.37e+11 1.00e+12 1.09e+10 1.92e+08 8.99e+12 gdpau | 870 3.83e+11 4.44e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 870 104.8177 17.03221 101.7385 60.87417 207.3465 gdpdfau | 870 100.7173 4.633836 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 870 5.34e+07 1.65e+08 1.07e+07 41000 1.26e+09 popau | 870 1.82e+07 612839.6 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 870 1182.882 11681.75 22.9426 .0068 270182.6 remote | 870 7173.689 4114.555 6955 1293 39620 dist | 870 13173.91 3411.991 14040 2410 17972 phone | 870 159.267 241.8789 49.865 .54 1449.75 open | 870 .7192541 .4098367 .63975 .0671 3.2192 english | 870 .3908046 .4882114 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 870 1.043843 .1830831 1 .5844526 2.009028 white | 870 0 0 0 0 0 whitemg | 870 0 0 0 0 0--------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------> white = 1

variable | N mean sd p50 min max-------------+------------------------------------------------------------ rimp | 130 1068414 1138347 522863.5 40432 3843839 immig | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050 gdp | 130 5.56e+11 6.58e+11 2.54e+11 5.15e+10 2.69e+12 gdpau | 130 3.83e+11 4.46e+10 3.80e+11 3.19e+11 4.52e+11 gdpdefnew | 130 111.5379 12.89742 112.2247 85.45601 143.9587 gdpdfau | 130 100.7173 4.649088 100.8223 94.42464 109.9797 pop | 130 2.34e+07 2.55e+07 8837000 3477200 8.22e+07 popau | 130 1.82e+07 614856.7 1.82e+07 1.73e+07 1.92e+07 xrate1 | 130 107.0323 293.6987 4.4722 .3774 1261.556 remote | 130 3885.938 3089.96 2888 1530 12501 dist | 130 14504.62 4031.974 15931 2409 17493 phone | 130 734.716 269.9717 652.085 343.99 1487.08 open | 130 .6586038 .1850905 .64065 .3517 1.2967 english | 130 .3076923 .4633239 0 0 1gdpdfratio~w | 130 1.108974 .1314272 1.116445 .8254872 1.441221 white | 130 1 0 1 1 1 whitemg | 130 157705 288518.8 21174 2612 1137050--------------------------------------------------------------------------

.

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.

. **Regression of Exports

. tsset ccode year panel variable: ccode, 117100 to 725980 time variable: year, 1991 to 2000

.

. **I. Aggregate Imports

. xtgls lrexp limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6968.38Log likelihood = -993.5815 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrexp | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5282182 .0389991 13.54 0.000 .4517813 .604655 lgdp | 1.046328 .037371 28.00 0.000 .9730824 1.119574 lgdpau | -3.296847 .8778301 -3.76 0.000 -5.017362 -1.576331lgdpdfrati~w | -1.811691 .3372101 -5.37 0.000 -2.47261 -1.150771 lpopau | 4.519705 3.058616 1.48 0.139 -1.475073 10.51448 lpop | .0015985 .0407365 0.04 0.969 -.0782437 .0814406 lxrate1 | -.0055405 .0150371 -0.37 0.713 -.0350126 .0239316 lremote | .1280278 .0797999 1.60 0.109 -.0283772 .2844328 ldist | -1.410617 .1416814 -9.96 0.000 -1.688308 -1.132927 lopen | .8928608 .0790271 11.30 0.000 .7379706 1.047751 english | .1580583 .0909267 1.74 0.082 -.0201548 .3362713 white | 3.00183 .5567822 5.39 0.000 1.910557 4.093103 lwhitemg | -.3736688 .0503581 -7.42 0.000 -.4723689 -.2749687 _cons | 6.7077 28.33753 0.24 0.813 -48.83283 62.24823------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001521 lgdp | -.000878 .001397 lgdpau | -.00306 .002507 .770586lgdpdfrati~w | .000713 -.000926 -.024647 .113711 lpopau | .011561 -.01023 -2.64338 .133635 9.35513 lpop | .000032 -.000661 .000997 -.000133 -.007404 .001659 lxrate1 | 6.7e-06 .000179 .000113 .000045 -.001026 -.000048 .000226 lremote | -.000379 .001188 .00401 -.002129 -.02164 .000041 .000072 ldist | .003694 -.002339 -.004808 .004162 .008964 .001931 .000519 lopen | -.000465 .000247 .010065 -.000801 -.055589 .001011 .000025 english | -.000837 .001324 -.002362 .001047 .015796 -.000792 .000442 white | .006841 -.001195 -.005206 -.009092 -.005342 .008824 .001791 lwhitemg | -.000778 .000169 .000669 .000536 -.000191 -.000783 -.000152 _cons | -.136418 .100028 23.632 -1.69508 -85.6943 .067729 .004067

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .006368 ldist | .001763 .020074 lopen | .00196 .001408 .006245 english | -.000228 .000531 -.002814 .008268 white | .013881 .031166 .000399 .00246 .310006 lwhitemg | -.001031 -.00318 -.000053 .000036 -.027668 .002536

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_cons | .158613 -.238707 .616922 -.224113 -.371743 .040766 803.015

.

. **II. Conservative Estimates

. *2.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrrefp_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 6722.94Log likelihood = -1434.779 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3412027 .0461116 7.40 0.000 .2508257 .4315798 lgdp | 1.070265 .0670106 15.97 0.000 .9389268 1.201604 lgdpau | -.2794394 .5252604 -0.53 0.595 -1.308931 .7500521lgdpdfrati~w | -.2574924 .3000588 -0.86 0.391 -.8455969 .3306121 lpopau | 3.177038 1.887576 1.68 0.092 -.5225416 6.876619 lpop | .0597503 .0928806 0.64 0.520 -.1222924 .241793 lxrate1 | -.0435044 .0300617 -1.45 0.148 -.1024243 .0154154 lremote | -.2898514 .1671072 -1.73 0.083 -.6173756 .0376727 ldist | -3.108802 .3854713 -8.06 0.000 -3.864312 -2.353292 lopen | -.0726078 .0555192 -1.31 0.191 -.1814235 .0362078 english | .5540363 .179393 3.09 0.002 .2024325 .9056401 white | 7.68775 1.092089 7.04 0.000 5.547294 9.828205 lwhitemg | -.8402163 .1165406 -7.21 0.000 -1.068632 -.6118009 _cons | -35.57513 18.95355 -1.88 0.061 -72.7234 1.573133------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002126 lgdp | -.001604 .00449 lgdpau | .001159 -.001223 .275898lgdpdfrati~w | -.001916 .003154 -.025033 .090035 lpopau | -.005547 .003124 -.95444 .110185 3.56294 lpop | -.00012 -.004665 .003272 -.001312 -.01779 .008627 lxrate1 | .000136 .00039 .000625 .002634 -.006578 -.00056 .000904 lremote | .000079 .000303 -.02183 .002661 .092032 -.003484 .000594 ldist | .009029 -.010403 .003495 .001889 -.029057 .005078 .002041 lopen | .000044 -.000188 .002462 .001106 -.011771 .001074 -.00035 english | -.001121 -.001202 .005742 .004364 -.044862 .002959 .001624 white | .010778 -.024994 .021029 -.003637 -.151073 .030925 .001791 lwhitemg | -.001555 .001965 -.004495 .000584 .022907 -.001988 -.000143 _cons | .00329 .052608 8.74979 -1.35618 -34.4601 .165249 .061347

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .027925 ldist | .003371 .148588 lopen | -.001829 .000866 .003082 english | -.004764 -.000145 -.000722 .032182 white | -.011611 .054704 .002458 .038243 1.19266 lwhitemg | .004146 -.006935 -.000569 -.001791 -.121996 .013582 _cons | -1.1907 -.958764 .127736 .600455 1.53522 -.23713 359.237

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.

.

. *2.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrdiff_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3475.02Log likelihood = -1551.982 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4359967 .0548364 7.95 0.000 .3285194 .543474 lgdp | 1.090853 .063233 17.25 0.000 .9669185 1.214787 lgdpau | 2.110549 2.032723 1.04 0.299 -1.873516 6.094613lgdpdfrati~w | -2.178666 .8242381 -2.64 0.008 -3.794143 -.5631888 lpopau | -7.657534 7.000097 -1.09 0.274 -21.37747 6.062405 lpop | -.1565027 .0800003 -1.96 0.050 -.3133005 .000295 lxrate1 | -.072933 .0280236 -2.60 0.009 -.1278582 -.0180077 lremote | -.031347 .2012627 -0.16 0.876 -.4258146 .3631207 ldist | -2.304362 .2355881 -9.78 0.000 -2.766106 -1.842618 lopen | .0814088 .0891153 0.91 0.361 -.093254 .2560717 english | .6981056 .1809423 3.86 0.000 .3434652 1.052746 white | 2.466978 1.138655 2.17 0.030 .2352558 4.698699 lwhitemg | -.2417177 .1035797 -2.33 0.020 -.4447301 -.0387053 _cons | 76.33869 64.4419 1.18 0.236 -49.96511 202.6425------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003007 lgdp | -.002059 .003998 lgdpau | -.002801 .005739 4.13196lgdpdfrati~w | -.003674 .001641 -.20819 .679368 lpopau | .009346 -.027715 -14.0173 .976535 49.0014 lpop | .000168 -.003374 -.000957 .001381 .006423 .0064 lxrate1 | .000214 .000466 .000916 -.0005 -.007062 -.000822 .000785 lremote | .004297 -.00261 .003309 -.008004 -.031229 -.000423 .00101 ldist | .006648 -.005963 -.006815 .011385 .017556 .002572 .002837 lopen | -.000372 .000752 .015463 .002724 -.078045 .001083 -.000133 english | -.003106 .002412 .000042 .010288 .010205 -.003195 .001176 white | .021305 -.020018 .036425 -.127393 -.173228 .009805 .003065 lwhitemg | -.00193 .001346 -.003064 .010844 .01433 -.000197 -.000203 _cons | -.154861 .360705 124.299 -11.5324 -445.797 -.125729 .055766

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .040507 ldist | .02183 .055502 lopen | .00392 .000413 .007942 english | -.014566 .001595 -.003253 .03274 white | .082171 .031924 -.00226 -.015138 1.29653 lwhitemg | -.004855 -.000756 .000321 .001281 -.114616 .010729 _cons | -.080435 -.800438 .824271 -.070109 1.1628 -.131971 4152.76

.

. *2.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (conservative)

. xtgls lrhomo_cx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l

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> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1204.81Log likelihood = -1663.706 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrhomo_cx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .6211328 .0645961 9.62 0.000 .4945269 .7477388 lgdp | .649446 .1096829 5.92 0.000 .4344715 .8644205 lgdpau | 1.283552 1.83751 0.70 0.485 -2.317902 4.885006lgdpdfrati~w | -.272505 .6857888 -0.40 0.691 -1.616626 1.071616 lpopau | -10.86651 6.310851 -1.72 0.085 -23.23555 1.502535 lpop | .1712815 .108821 1.57 0.115 -.0420037 .3845667 lxrate1 | .0588453 .0441507 1.33 0.183 -.0276885 .1453792 lremote | -1.026242 .3079788 -3.33 0.001 -1.62987 -.4226151 ldist | -.9361119 .5884664 -1.59 0.112 -2.089485 .217261 lopen | .2990601 .1225675 2.44 0.015 .0588322 .5392881 english | .1673526 .3215348 0.52 0.603 -.462844 .7975493 white | 12.26075 2.888991 4.24 0.000 6.598431 17.92307 lwhitemg | -1.409569 .2968261 -4.75 0.000 -1.991337 -.8278002 _cons | 148.8598 59.06917 2.52 0.012 33.08634 264.6332------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004173 lgdp | -.004767 .01203 lgdpau | .003017 -.00448 3.37644lgdpdfrati~w | -.007177 .014108 -.140806 .470306 lpopau | -.015822 .001368 -11.3182 .651176 39.8268 lpop | .00073 -.00653 -.001318 -.004409 .005845 .011842 lxrate1 | -.000123 .001435 .003418 .0042 -.025988 -.001396 .001949 lremote | .001684 .00779 -.051343 .006283 .135157 -.006435 -.000302 ldist | .020974 -.016368 -.007603 -.010027 -.067554 .012603 .001566 lopen | -.001413 .002041 -.014937 -.002423 .014469 .001687 .000467 english | -.004553 .00609 .02163 .021327 -.100706 .00532 .004387 white | .017248 -.039253 .146189 -.031819 -.674345 .039135 .003759 lwhitemg | -.001711 .002647 -.017645 .002007 .080376 -.00317 -.000355 _cons | .049252 .024381 99.9145 -7.79408 -365.073 -.161734 .309078

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .094851 ldist | .049993 .346293 lopen | .003972 -.006009 .015023 english | -.024769 .000635 -.002133 .103385 white | -.001568 .009506 -.008593 .119496 8.34627 lwhitemg | .004339 -.0023 .000933 -.013267 -.845715 .088106 _cons | -2.27387 -2.35635 .123711 1.05861 7.43792 -.885787 3489.17

.

. **III. Liberal Estimates

. *3.1. Aggregate reference priced Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrrefp_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

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Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 2028.63Log likelihood = -1439.744 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrrefp_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3688338 .0471146 7.83 0.000 .276491 .4611767 lgdp | .8756188 .0806321 10.86 0.000 .7175828 1.033655 lgdpau | -.3440487 .4536193 -0.76 0.448 -1.233126 .5450288lgdpdfrati~w | .1699791 .2387666 0.71 0.477 -.2979949 .6379531 lpopau | -1.961328 1.61245 -1.22 0.224 -5.121671 1.199016 lpop | .1929587 .0991808 1.95 0.052 -.0014322 .3873496 lxrate1 | -.0169911 .0270478 -0.63 0.530 -.0700039 .0360216 lremote | -.2050277 .1533303 -1.34 0.181 -.5055495 .0954941 ldist | -2.218547 .4684154 -4.74 0.000 -3.136624 -1.300469 lopen | .0217102 .0477621 0.45 0.649 -.0719018 .1153222 english | .941534 .242057 3.89 0.000 .4671111 1.415957 white | 10.99582 2.08404 5.28 0.000 6.911174 15.08046 lwhitemg | -1.093958 .2041672 -5.36 0.000 -1.494119 -.693798 _cons | 43.65816 16.31589 2.68 0.007 11.6796 75.63673------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .00222 lgdp | -.002313 .006502 lgdpau | .001302 -.003668 .20577lgdpdfrati~w | -.001812 .004265 -.021692 .05701 lpopau | -.006187 .012642 -.710152 .09319 2.59999 lpop | .000622 -.005659 .004829 -.003381 -.024055 .009837 lxrate1 | .000115 .00008 .001398 .001537 -.007526 -.000225 .000732 lremote | .000715 .000133 -.019303 .001868 .073967 -.002846 .000141 ldist | .006904 -.010558 .002067 -.00179 -.023551 .00886 .002236 lopen | -.000022 -.000047 .001964 .000896 -.008816 .000724 -.000161 english | -.001887 .000323 .008484 .004244 -.032337 .001096 .001903 white | .009676 -.028266 .020966 -.004183 -.124506 .033086 .010009 lwhitemg | -.001156 .001868 -.003156 .000299 .016374 -.002035 -.000882 _cons | .028678 -.06496 6.54929 -1.07718 -24.8736 .186462 .061787

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .02351 ldist | .009797 .219413 lopen | -.001633 -.000694 .002281 english | -.006199 .025336 -.00034 .058592 white | .032475 -.164487 -.004474 .020008 4.34322 lwhitemg | -.001186 .017525 .0002 -8.9e-06 -.421198 .041684 _cons | -.985034 -1.80236 .106636 .081168 2.8179 -.346773 266.208

.

. *3.2. Aggregate Differentiated Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrdiff_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

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Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 3142.11Log likelihood = -1569.845 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrdiff_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4000325 .0580134 6.90 0.000 .2863284 .5137366 lgdp | 1.190924 .0701056 16.99 0.000 1.053519 1.328328 lgdpau | 1.87348 2.116245 0.89 0.376 -2.274283 6.021244lgdpdfrati~w | -2.333146 .8282442 -2.82 0.005 -3.956475 -.7098174 lpopau | -7.144138 7.286066 -0.98 0.327 -21.42456 7.136288 lpop | -.2659848 .0821998 -3.24 0.001 -.4270935 -.104876 lxrate1 | -.035376 .0283163 -1.25 0.212 -.0908748 .0201228 lremote | .1119536 .1975746 0.57 0.571 -.2752856 .4991928 ldist | -2.253484 .2369958 -9.51 0.000 -2.717988 -1.788981 lopen | .1160382 .0996998 1.16 0.244 -.0793699 .3114463 english | .8147845 .1973573 4.13 0.000 .4279714 1.201598 white | 2.699397 1.154896 2.34 0.019 .4358421 4.962953 lwhitemg | -.2520766 .1054293 -2.39 0.017 -.4587143 -.045439 _cons | 71.90587 67.08483 1.07 0.284 -59.57798 203.3897------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003366 lgdp | -.002666 .004915 lgdpau | -.003588 .006666 4.47849lgdpdfrati~w | -.003958 .002753 -.218301 .685988 lpopau | .01313 -.032835 -15.1849 .994091 53.0868 lpop | .000862 -.004113 -.001162 -.000787 .00738 .006757 lxrate1 | .00004 .000661 .00088 .000424 -.007475 -.001 .000802 lremote | .003867 -.002485 .001052 -.006413 -.024283 .000942 .000687 ldist | .006868 -.006041 -.008903 .011602 .023677 .002984 .002206 lopen | -.000491 .000812 .016337 .002909 -.087562 .001558 -.000197 english | -.00476 .004737 .002341 .013723 -.001432 -.00493 .001563 white | .020135 -.021056 .032094 -.122128 -.142166 .01242 .000948 lwhitemg | -.001866 .00146 -.002788 .010576 .011852 -.000394 -.000011 _cons | -.193263 .413193 134.615 -11.5725 -483.016 -.141471 .070807

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .039036 ldist | .022316 .056167 lopen | .004493 .000379 .00994 english | -.015152 .000584 -.003744 .03895 white | .078554 .009096 -.003011 -.02404 1.33379 lwhitemg | -.0047 .001433 .000421 .002255 -.118437 .011115 _cons | -.150159 -.861162 .948467 .054475 1.00213 -.120669 4500.37

.

. *3.3. Aggregate Homogenous Imports (liberal)

. xtgls lrhomo_lx limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 l> remote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10

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Wald chi2(13) = 2903.32Log likelihood = -1526.226 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

lrhomo_lx | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .5413372 .0443995 12.19 0.000 .4543159 .6283586 lgdp | 1.082877 .0696044 15.56 0.000 .9464554 1.219299 lgdpau | -.4262429 .6756804 -0.63 0.528 -1.750552 .8980664lgdpdfrati~w | -.5244242 .4800071 -1.09 0.275 -1.465221 .4163725 lpopau | 2.43158 2.424143 1.00 0.316 -2.319653 7.182812 lpop | -.1373437 .0841484 -1.63 0.103 -.3022714 .0275841 lxrate1 | -.0444684 .0303301 -1.47 0.143 -.1039144 .0149775 lremote | -.7633351 .1925176 -3.97 0.000 -1.140663 -.3860075 ldist | -2.064942 .3170002 -6.51 0.000 -2.686251 -1.443633 lopen | .0380916 .0720549 0.53 0.597 -.1031334 .1793166 english | .7282652 .2334419 3.12 0.002 .2707275 1.185803 white | 5.761674 2.063915 2.79 0.005 1.716474 9.806874 lwhitemg | -.7958783 .2111785 -3.77 0.000 -1.209781 -.381976 _cons | -22.69511 24.29537 -0.93 0.350 -70.31315 24.92294

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001971 lgdp | -.001923 .004845 lgdpau | .000217 -.003413 .456544lgdpdfrati~w | -.003461 .004057 -.057705 .230407 lpopau | -.000677 .006103 -1.57864 .298669 5.87647 lpop | .00011 -.003401 .004002 .000656 -.020838 .007081 lxrate1 | -.000345 .000728 .001299 .002777 -.01001 -.000338 .00092 lremote | .001481 .001574 -.02792 .002345 .119318 -.004286 .000188 ldist | .00671 -.009614 -.002899 -.000045 -.009447 .011099 .000679 lopen | .000097 -.000826 -.000066 .005118 -.005205 .001738 -.000316 english | -.001143 .001233 .015488 .007485 -.097886 .003182 .002898 white | .008487 -.01257 .037013 -.009961 -.24483 .019739 .006346 lwhitemg | -.000779 .000829 -.004688 .001455 .028448 -.001597 -.000448 _cons | -.037363 .013605 14.5492 -3.79896 -57.1135 .138523 .108039

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .037063 ldist | .014855 .100489 lopen | -.00207 .001112 .005192 english | -.013556 .015501 -.001204 .054495 white | .008083 .064222 -.002207 .069077 4.25975 lwhitemg | .001462 -.004817 .000099 -.006851 -.43008 .044596 _cons | -1.69098 -.856679 .085407 1.08764 2.29308 -.302454 590.265

.

. *IV. Aggregate NON-Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc0,1,2,3,4)

. xtgls lrxnmf limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremo> te ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 605.21Log likelihood = -1154.681 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxnmf | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4420447 .0670894 6.59 0.000 .3105519 .5735375 lgdp | .3870065 .1102897 3.51 0.000 .1708426 .6031704 lgdpau | -3.30036 1.37051 -2.41 0.016 -5.986509 -.6142108lgdpdfrati~w | -1.640372 .626518 -2.62 0.009 -2.868324 -.4124189 lpopau | 12.95002 4.69677 2.76 0.006 3.744523 22.15552 lpop | .111287 .1102648 1.01 0.313 -.1048282 .3274021 lxrate1 | -.1096791 .039278 -2.79 0.005 -.1866625 -.0326957 lremote | -.2194526 .3193698 -0.69 0.492 -.8454059 .4065007 ldist | -1.776426 .4054745 -4.38 0.000 -2.571141 -.9817103 lopen | -.1515466 .1521515 -1.00 0.319 -.449758 .1466647 english | .617167 .2518378 2.45 0.014 .1235739 1.11076 white | 12.03707 1.346162 8.94 0.000 9.398645 14.6755 lwhitemg | -1.313795 .1154848 -11.38 0.000 -1.540141 -1.087449 _cons | -114.4393 43.7499 -2.62 0.009 -200.1876 -28.69111------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004501 lgdp | -.004098 .012164 lgdpau | -.004895 .00772 1.8783lgdpdfrati~w | -.003015 .003734 .035585 .392525 lpopau | .017047 -.044103 -6.2635 .038593 22.0597 lpop | .000102 -.007011 -.000066 -.000692 -.000088 .012158 lxrate1 | -.000201 .00193 .000542 .000585 -.006971 -.00209 .001543 lremote | .002627 .000246 -.032159 -.057578 .014598 -.002261 .001417 ldist | .014645 -.010025 -.019635 -.011365 .022879 .008917 .00111 lopen | .000403 -.000026 .010054 -.000662 -.089495 .004373 -.000836 english | -.006154 .01051 .009238 .01582 -.016906 -.004261 .002869 white | .01961 -.038514 -.016233 -.061419 .064971 .04467 -.006102 lwhitemg | -.002127 .002019 -.002008 -.000319 .002015 -.003225 .000606 _cons | -.248583 .469235 54.9158 -1.43323 -201.253 -.084296 .061794

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .101997 ldist | .027843 .16441 lopen | .009355 .004605 .02315 english | -.017247 -.002568 -.011421 .063422 white | .039258 .13864 -.008891 .068344 1.81215 lwhitemg | .005744 -.015261 .000791 -.007738 -.144003 .013337 _cons | -.479433 -1.66514 1.04974 .020852 -2.25575 .136629 1914.05

.

. *V. Aggregate Manufacturing Imports (Sum of Sitc5,6,7,8,9)

. xtgls lrxmfn limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lremot> e ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, igls panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedastic

Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 1180.41Log likelihood = -953.0169 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxmfn | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------

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limmig | .2452006 .0420308 5.83 0.000 .1628217 .3275794 lgdp | .3080664 .0900476 3.42 0.001 .1315764 .4845564 lgdpau | -2.667043 1.111278 -2.40 0.016 -4.845108 -.4889777lgdpdfrati~w | -4.478114 .4636012 -9.66 0.000 -5.386756 -3.569473 lpopau | 10.18541 3.838833 2.65 0.008 2.661437 17.70939 lpop | .1633773 .0730638 2.24 0.025 .0201749 .3065796 lxrate1 | -.078621 .0275359 -2.86 0.004 -.1325904 -.0246516 lremote | .5103179 .1688488 3.02 0.003 .1793803 .8412555 ldist | -2.402488 .229467 -10.47 0.000 -2.852235 -1.952741 lopen | -.0856316 .0530794 -1.61 0.107 -.1896653 .0184021 english | .369783 .1579688 2.34 0.019 .0601698 .6793961 white | 9.25278 .8080211 11.45 0.000 7.669088 10.83647 lwhitemg | -.8306892 .071019 -11.70 0.000 -.9698839 -.6914945 _cons | -79.39209 35.73803 -2.22 0.026 -149.4374 -9.346835------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001767 lgdp | -.002563 .008109 lgdpau | -.002642 .006266 1.23494lgdpdfrati~w | -.002366 .005301 -.045977 .214926 lpopau | .011896 -.032592 -4.18402 .226443 14.7366 lpop | .001678 -.005701 -.00295 -.003515 .014693 .005338 lxrate1 | -.000193 .001289 .001012 .000713 -.007357 -.001001 .000758 lremote | .001977 -.003828 -.004174 -.01272 -.006328 .003497 -.000077 ldist | .005646 -.008934 -.012177 -.008876 .052519 .007151 -.00065 lopen | -.000099 .000197 .004709 .00199 -.023586 .000633 -.000071 english | -.001987 .003833 .001594 .003256 -.001476 -.001216 .000518 white | .015561 -.031621 -.025293 -.031395 .087337 .033232 -.005699 lwhitemg | -.001185 .001375 .001136 .000577 -.004293 -.001955 .000341 _cons | -.176161 .407032 37.1333 -2.63121 -135.007 -.22364 .087118

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .02851 ldist | .018636 .052655 lopen | .000731 .000253 .002817 english | -.001977 .008089 -.000774 .024954 white | .058885 .075123 .00208 .004384 .652898 lwhitemg | -.002576 -.005244 -.000299 -.000357 -.053688 .005044 _cons | -.179642 -1.15517 .245888 -.148424 -1.8916 .120912 1277.21

.

.

. **VI. SITC-1 Digit Level Disaggregate Imports

. xtgls lrxsitc0 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 754.00Log likelihood = -1420.406 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc0 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .3192606 .0869349 3.67 0.000 .1488712 .4896499 lgdp | .37471 .1420649 2.64 0.008 .0962679 .6531521 lgdpau | -.950737 1.216776 -0.78 0.435 -3.335574 1.4341lgdpdfrati~w | -.8743036 .5917251 -1.48 0.140 -2.034063 .2854562

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lpopau | 9.981326 4.124712 2.42 0.016 1.897039 18.06561 lpop | -.0642052 .1382381 -0.46 0.642 -.3351469 .2067365 lxrate1 | -.0954952 .0468386 -2.04 0.041 -.1872972 -.0036931 lremote | .3230261 .2576272 1.25 0.210 -.1819139 .8279661 ldist | -2.134931 .4605956 -4.64 0.000 -3.037681 -1.23218 lopen | -.3534263 .1747344 -2.02 0.043 -.6958993 -.0109532 english | 1.5425 .313928 4.91 0.000 .9272124 2.157788 white | 19.55458 1.83221 10.67 0.000 15.96352 23.14565 lwhitemg | -1.898588 .1755664 -10.81 0.000 -2.242692 -1.554484 _cons | -127.5535 38.54441 -3.31 0.001 -203.0991 -52.00785------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .007558 lgdp | -.009591 .020182 lgdpau | -.009819 .010699 1.48054lgdpdfrati~w | -.002615 -.002376 .122994 .350139 lpopau | .03182 -.031294 -4.8493 -.224358 17.0133 lpop | .003327 -.012311 -.001334 .00198 -.016399 .01911 lxrate1 | .000468 .001124 -.000105 .000087 .002448 -.002076 .002194 lremote | .002706 .001964 -.040736 -.055267 .002498 -.000846 -.000538 ldist | .019358 -.021563 -.046177 -.034165 .079664 .022037 .00217 lopen | -.000638 -.000412 .008119 -.006108 -.094999 .007284 -.00109 english | -.010661 .009847 .010903 .003439 -.05547 .002392 .003273 white | .035699 -.076306 -.037731 -.047602 .026142 .081388 .002164 lwhitemg | -.003253 .005414 .000076 .000592 -.004429 -.006161 -.000282 _cons | -.35478 .214406 42.0992 .964671 -154.898 .071435 -.059583

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .066372 ldist | .04506 .212148 lopen | .011707 .005491 .030532 english | -.003349 .01509 -.006691 .098551 white | .03916 .167917 .001271 .108761 3.35699 lwhitemg | .000439 -.013664 .000534 -.007459 -.313756 .030824 _cons | .047338 -2.47473 1.13917 .272496 -1.15791 .196289 1485.67

. xtgls lrxsitc1 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 858.39Log likelihood = -229.5434 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc1 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0011705 .0148125 0.08 0.937 -.0278615 .0302025 lgdp | .0385982 .0387948 0.99 0.320 -.0374381 .1146345 lgdpau | .0295316 .2771755 0.11 0.915 -.5137225 .5727856lgdpdfrati~w | -.1147255 .1470209 -0.78 0.435 -.4028811 .1734301 lpopau | 3.039033 .99422 3.06 0.002 1.090397 4.987668 lpop | .2277175 .0495448 4.60 0.000 .1306116 .3248234 lxrate1 | -.0370284 .0136731 -2.71 0.007 -.0638272 -.0102297 lremote | -.0641543 .0975248 -0.66 0.511 -.2552993 .1269907 ldist | -3.344796 .3343175 -10.00 0.000 -4.000047 -2.689546 lopen | -.0399517 .026409 -1.51 0.130 -.0917123 .0118089 english | 1.277454 .1523429 8.39 0.000 .9788674 1.576041

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white | 19.63661 1.280764 15.33 0.000 17.12636 22.14686 lwhitemg | -1.578102 .1206763 -13.08 0.000 -1.814623 -1.341581 _cons | -22.2882 10.93827 -2.04 0.042 -43.72682 -.8495938------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .000219 lgdp | -.000141 .001505 lgdpau | .000268 -.000852 .076826lgdpdfrati~w | -.000234 .000358 -.005034 .021615 lpopau | -.001364 .004409 -.261388 .024621 .988473 lpop | -.000062 -.001222 -.000082 .000131 -.002462 .002455 lxrate1 | .00002 -.00001 .000347 .000331 -.003079 .000026 .000187 lremote | .00017 .000819 -.006108 -.000559 .018111 -.000098 .000085 ldist | .000965 .002264 -.007136 -.000438 .024126 -.000081 -.000409 lopen | .000029 -.000088 .000083 .000053 -.00185 .00014 -.000011 english | -.000285 .000384 -.00084 -.000487 .010982 .00081 -1.5e-06 white | .000694 -.005919 .0012 -.003451 -.024769 .010003 .000411 lwhitemg | -.000105 .00016 -.000288 .000252 .001406 -.000693 9.0e-06 _cons | .008184 -.093825 2.4657 -.29946 -9.99972 .033898 .0439

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .009511 ldist | .010455 .111768 lopen | -.00004 -.000314 .000697 english | .001077 .01879 -.000448 .023208 white | .007293 .027315 -.000079 .032596 1.64036 lwhitemg | -.00032 -.004431 .000046 -.003604 -.149969 .014563 _cons | -.341363 -1.43148 .031852 -.372614 .021676 .037327 119.646

. xtgls lrxsitc2 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 756.29Log likelihood = -1310.635 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc2 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2215141 .0580567 3.82 0.000 .1077249 .3353032 lgdp | .6892149 .1157365 5.96 0.000 .4623755 .9160544 lgdpau | -4.773194 1.82011 -2.62 0.009 -8.340544 -1.205844lgdpdfrati~w | -.0903804 .8201496 -0.11 0.912 -1.697844 1.517083 lpopau | 13.85333 6.305168 2.20 0.028 1.495428 26.21123 lpop | .122852 .1266321 0.97 0.332 -.1253424 .3710464 lxrate1 | -.0674733 .0362834 -1.86 0.063 -.1385875 .0036409 lremote | -.8430574 .3336735 -2.53 0.012 -1.497045 -.1890694 ldist | -2.906564 .4493146 -6.47 0.000 -3.787204 -2.025923 lopen | -.287927 .1848706 -1.56 0.119 -.6502668 .0744128 english | .1975858 .2699572 0.73 0.464 -.3315205 .7266921 white | 10.628 1.531026 6.94 0.000 7.627247 13.62876 lwhitemg | -1.220162 .1592271 -7.66 0.000 -1.532241 -.9080827 _cons | -83.61209 58.94879 -1.42 0.156 -199.1496 31.92542------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

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| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .003371 lgdp | -.004712 .013395 lgdpau | -.004466 .009058 3.3128lgdpdfrati~w | -.005189 .00594 -.061359 .672645 lpopau | .019368 -.056908 -11.1986 .487586 39.7551 lpop | .002062 -.009495 .002464 -.002863 -.017601 .016036 lxrate1 | -.000516 .001838 .00144 .004005 -.008613 -.001293 .001316 lremote | .004894 -.008791 -.017153 -.058556 .01696 .000674 -.005568 ldist | .016574 -.019954 -.014074 -.037921 -.015848 .013595 -.002394 lopen | -.000293 .000162 .022471 -.005249 -.177968 .007806 -.001309 english | -.001768 .006264 .002994 .016904 -.008461 -.000412 .00361 white | .030562 -.060928 -.031026 -.030879 .194295 .062649 -.003824 lwhitemg | -.002547 .003455 3.6e-06 -.002296 -.00523 -.004907 -.000249 _cons | -.344613 .835238 99.0049 -6.38833 -365.041 .055101 .149284

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .111338 ldist | .048814 .201884 lopen | .017726 .011629 .034177 english | -.016592 .017909 -.008681 .072877 white | .060187 .198944 -.008638 .109079 2.34404 lwhitemg | .004972 -.01849 .001651 -.013523 -.233372 .025353 _cons | -1.03253 -1.52546 2.00871 -.13655 -4.62985 .240849 3474.96

. xtgls lrxsitc3 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 281.84Log likelihood = -725.8736 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc3 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0635886 .0444137 1.43 0.152 -.0234606 .1506378 lgdp | .0882549 .1084454 0.81 0.416 -.1242942 .300804 lgdpau | -.0441241 .8771295 -0.05 0.960 -1.763266 1.675018lgdpdfrati~w | .2248542 .3116302 0.72 0.471 -.3859297 .8356382 lpopau | -1.520286 3.012132 -0.50 0.614 -7.423956 4.383383 lpop | .6539818 .1185311 5.52 0.000 .4216651 .8862985 lxrate1 | .0323495 .0336748 0.96 0.337 -.0336518 .0983509 lremote | -.2474753 .2939775 -0.84 0.400 -.8236606 .3287099 ldist | -1.889225 .5710823 -3.31 0.001 -3.008526 -.7699248 lopen | .0048134 .0678252 0.07 0.943 -.1281214 .1377483 english | 1.588958 .3818205 4.16 0.000 .8406037 2.337313 white | 14.51172 2.445315 5.93 0.000 9.718989 19.30445 lwhitemg | -1.150436 .2243194 -5.13 0.000 -1.590094 -.7107785 _cons | 34.92586 28.95179 1.21 0.228 -21.8186 91.67033------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001973 lgdp | -.001608 .01176 lgdpau | .001811 -.001845 .769356lgdpdfrati~w | -.001708 .002826 -.030825 .097113 lpopau | -.012171 -.00411 -2.57006 .103942 9.07294

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lpop | .00022 -.008885 -.000662 -.000676 .00537 .01405 lxrate1 | .000136 .000404 .001296 .002372 -.010221 -.000575 .001134 lremote | .000954 .006968 -.042287 -.015502 .132861 -.005599 -.000897 ldist | .007285 -.000852 -.003437 -.00376 -.046085 .009013 .001978 lopen | .000148 -.000284 -.00215 .00432 .002131 .001055 -.00009 english | -.004299 -.007771 .006707 .010179 -.021629 .011853 .002745 white | .005289 -.059383 .049396 -.006234 -.177356 .071443 .001588 lwhitemg | -.000827 .00305 -.007999 -.000522 .033267 -.00526 -.000195 _cons | .102385 -.051846 22.9219 -.893958 -83.8602 -.130724 .117029

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .086423 ldist | .026423 .326135 lopen | .000539 .000224 .0046 english | -.022696 .0645 -.001031 .145787 white | -.029103 .131902 .003433 .214049 5.97957 lwhitemg | .006688 -.017695 -.000249 -.019833 -.527324 .050319 _cons | -2.15447 -2.6645 .001446 -.28062 .760912 -.20937 838.206

. xtgls lrxsitc4 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 229.04Log likelihood = -797.5436 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc4 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .0024016 .0413158 0.06 0.954 -.0785758 .083379 lgdp | .0703754 .0807982 0.87 0.384 -.0879862 .2287369 lgdpau | .1681589 .7090582 0.24 0.813 -1.22157 1.557887lgdpdfrati~w | -.0087484 .2534143 -0.03 0.972 -.5054313 .4879346 lpopau | -.4652469 2.446303 -0.19 0.849 -5.259913 4.32942 lpop | .5400448 .0958252 5.64 0.000 .3522309 .7278588 lxrate1 | -.0058859 .0223571 -0.26 0.792 -.049705 .0379333 lremote | .3283064 .2411321 1.36 0.173 -.1443038 .8009166 ldist | -2.624707 .395558 -6.64 0.000 -3.399987 -1.849428 lopen | .0230873 .0525706 0.44 0.661 -.0799492 .1261238 english | .6892937 .3297044 2.09 0.037 .0430849 1.335502 white | -.5025075 1.794824 -0.28 0.779 -4.020298 3.015283 lwhitemg | .12012 .1775922 0.68 0.499 -.2279543 .4681943 _cons | 16.70729 23.84471 0.70 0.484 -30.02749 63.44207------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .001707 lgdp | -.001205 .006528 lgdpau | -.000286 .001032 .502763lgdpdfrati~w | -.000215 .000333 -.038941 .064219 lpopau | -.005712 -.004042 -1.68061 .129262 5.9844 lpop | -.000083 -.00451 -.00053 -.00084 -.007603 .009182 lxrate1 | .000161 .000021 -.000283 .001407 -.003302 -.000193 .0005 lremote | .002422 .003134 -.027753 -.008867 .08635 -.002756 -.000292 ldist | .00477 -.003163 -.0168 -.002009 .041352 .001181 .000496 lopen | -.000088 .000339 .002746 .000264 -.012083 .000582 -.00002 english | -.003702 -.002892 .000174 .00272 .01138 .002672 .00075 white | .00515 -.030264 -.004289 -.012983 -.07616 .036718 .0022

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lwhitemg | -.000591 .001594 -.002281 .000635 .0169 -.002394 -.000181 _cons | .056107 -.027051 15.1183 -1.08786 -56.2373 .112034 .058708

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .058145 ldist | .030634 .156466 lopen | .000436 -.000948 .002764 english | -.012156 .042933 -.001484 .108705 white | .031899 .027635 -.000939 .130479 3.22139 lwhitemg | -.0002 -.001353 .000094 -.011701 -.308883 .031539 _cons | -1.53215 -1.98547 .118335 -.483396 .882857 -.199152 568.57

. xtgls lrxsitc5 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 545.48Log likelihood = -1046.006 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc5 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1118674 .0755293 1.48 0.139 -.0361674 .2599021 lgdp | .5763465 .1379446 4.18 0.000 .30598 .846713 lgdpau | -.6981982 .8808713 -0.79 0.428 -2.424674 1.028278lgdpdfrati~w | -.7340496 .3932391 -1.87 0.062 -1.504784 .0366849 lpopau | 7.128096 2.984702 2.39 0.017 1.278188 12.978 lpop | .2628228 .1248416 2.11 0.035 .0181378 .5075078 lxrate1 | -.1601575 .0353304 -4.53 0.000 -.2294039 -.0909111 lremote | .1447281 .2434728 0.59 0.552 -.3324698 .621926 ldist | -3.068033 .4456192 -6.88 0.000 -3.94143 -2.194635 lopen | .0958076 .0926738 1.03 0.301 -.0858297 .2774448 english | .6628474 .2616622 2.53 0.011 .1499989 1.175696 white | 12.73132 1.945321 6.54 0.000 8.918562 16.54408 lwhitemg | -1.217974 .1844946 -6.60 0.000 -1.579576 -.8563708 _cons | -85.05777 28.23232 -3.01 0.003 -140.3921 -29.72344------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005705 lgdp | -.006255 .019029 lgdpau | -.005136 .006354 .775934lgdpdfrati~w | -.00038 -.000971 .036697 .154637 lpopau | .016416 -.03287 -2.54165 -.045393 8.90844 lpop | .001389 -.011824 -.001198 .001751 .005763 .015585 lxrate1 | .000522 .001053 .000436 .000556 -.003646 -.001345 .001248 lremote | .001304 .005826 -.03357 -.029123 .028979 -.006048 .001861 ldist | .014736 -.009991 -.02597 -.005426 .079905 .002994 .000839 lopen | -.000145 .000275 .002586 .002332 -.030235 .001815 -.000499 english | -.005302 .016746 .000061 -.004107 -.008592 -.012066 -.000368 white | .031594 -.053211 -.063548 -.044786 .110322 .047822 -.002063 lwhitemg | -.002872 .002316 .002343 .001209 -.003881 -.002304 .000066 _cons | -.205756 .20808 22.2178 -.064138 -81.5652 -.021974 .014608

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .059279 ldist | .024733 .198576

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lopen | .002365 -.00074 .008588 english | .009036 .029449 -.003879 .068467 white | .058197 .112144 -.004204 .036923 3.78427 lwhitemg | -.001306 -.012252 .000245 -.006045 -.347573 .034038 _cons | -.378391 -2.67107 .393371 -.390366 -1.47776 .135912 797.064

. xtgls lrxsitc6 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 775.97Log likelihood = -1111.277 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc6 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .24683 .0742 3.33 0.001 .1014007 .3922594 lgdp | .5928649 .1107325 5.35 0.000 .3758332 .8098965 lgdpau | .0431125 .9651617 0.04 0.964 -1.84857 1.934795lgdpdfrati~w | -.7364848 .4855886 -1.52 0.129 -1.688221 .2152514 lpopau | 3.024072 3.266131 0.93 0.355 -3.377427 9.42557 lpop | -.0212277 .119441 -0.18 0.859 -.2553277 .2128723 lxrate1 | -.0353998 .0367377 -0.96 0.335 -.1074043 .0366048 lremote | .4103338 .2492939 1.65 0.100 -.0782732 .8989408 ldist | -2.64176 .4330337 -6.10 0.000 -3.49049 -1.793029 lopen | -.1167699 .0938088 -1.24 0.213 -.3006317 .0670919 english | 1.207874 .2829226 4.27 0.000 .6533561 1.762392 white | 11.82262 1.397847 8.46 0.000 9.08289 14.56235 lwhitemg | -1.155219 .1350946 -8.55 0.000 -1.419999 -.890438 _cons | -39.32227 30.6869 -1.28 0.200 -99.46748 20.82295------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .005506 lgdp | -.005384 .012262 lgdpau | -.005761 .007909 .931537lgdpdfrati~w | -.002979 .002519 .060076 .235796 lpopau | .016737 -.028433 -3.04681 -.054249 10.6676 lpop | .0012 -.008993 -.003233 .00069 .007149 .014266 lxrate1 | .00053 .000655 .000974 -.000139 -.006778 -.001143 .00135 lremote | .003633 -.000631 -.03105 -.045008 .008336 -.002331 .001739 ldist | .014535 -.009762 -.028404 -.023472 .067581 .00433 .000544 lopen | -.000421 .000873 .000465 -.000144 -.023502 .000945 -.000392 english | -.006028 .010667 .005103 -.000589 -.009905 -.006138 -.000516 white | .028451 -.051165 -.053704 -.035502 .100935 .05523 -.001034 lwhitemg | -.002477 .003116 .00211 -.000645 -.00708 -.003865 .00016 _cons | -.226472 .25356 26.4845 -.358057 -97.3046 -.07913 .062144

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .062147 ldist | .03588 .187518 lopen | .003566 .000564 .0088 english | .001497 .031021 -.00328 .080045 white | .055528 .107468 -.008464 .026554 1.95398 lwhitemg | -.000769 -.011059 .000546 -.003815 -.181774 .018251 _cons | -.135993 -2.3968 .319314 -.402044 -1.657 .182983 941.686

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. xtgls lrxsitc7 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 409.18Log likelihood = -1181.042 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc7 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .2077678 .0510248 4.07 0.000 .1077609 .3077746 lgdp | .2691996 .1025836 2.62 0.009 .0681394 .4702597 lgdpau | -2.194208 1.304479 -1.68 0.093 -4.75094 .3625241lgdpdfrati~w | -2.211379 .5977308 -3.70 0.000 -3.382909 -1.039848 lpopau | 6.8399 4.454504 1.54 0.125 -1.890767 15.57057 lpop | .1409589 .0777871 1.81 0.070 -.0115011 .2934188 lxrate1 | -.1179432 .0380259 -3.10 0.002 -.1924727 -.0434137 lremote | 1.028001 .2578482 3.99 0.000 .5226282 1.533375 ldist | -1.33234 .4116031 -3.24 0.001 -2.139067 -.5256129 lopen | -.0087903 .1164108 -0.08 0.940 -.2369513 .2193707 english | .5458314 .1847604 2.95 0.003 .1837078 .9079551 white | 7.595648 1.337995 5.68 0.000 4.973226 10.21807 lwhitemg | -.6027415 .12957 -4.65 0.000 -.856694 -.348789 _cons | -53.05502 41.35793 -1.28 0.200 -134.1151 28.00504------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002604 lgdp | -.002506 .010523 lgdpau | -.003803 .006208 1.70167lgdpdfrati~w | -.001464 .000269 .086661 .357282 lpopau | .013846 -.03822 -5.67329 -.159095 19.8426 lpop | .000496 -.005424 -.000661 -.001046 .004078 .006051 lxrate1 | .000246 .001556 .000794 .000624 -.006221 -.001557 .001446 lremote | .000695 .000787 -.028855 -.046385 .049448 .001187 -.000636 ldist | .011955 -.005315 -.02577 -.025988 .044287 .005259 .001931 lopen | -.0001 .000487 .008306 .000025 -.060712 .002885 -.000405 english | -.002955 .005354 .007473 .006526 -.026447 .000871 .00088 white | .013023 -.029147 -.029557 -.056213 .08624 .029448 -.004926 lwhitemg | -.001443 .000817 -.000506 .000913 .003627 -.001715 .000059 _cons | -.215988 .371051 49.7716 .663818 -180.409 -.078054 .052017

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .066486 ldist | .039014 .169417 lopen | .00525 .007882 .013551 english | -.007258 -.000031 -.001698 .034136 white | .047173 .106862 .004735 .044682 1.79023 lwhitemg | .001155 -.011364 -.00052 -.004902 -.164141 .016788 _cons | -1.00579 -2.02609 .624105 .163932 -1.92678 .069649 1710.48

. xtgls lrxsitc8 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedastic

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Correlation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 493.33Log likelihood = -970.7553 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc8 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .1327167 .0501624 2.65 0.008 .0344002 .2310332 lgdp | .4853725 .0988224 4.91 0.000 .2916841 .6790609 lgdpau | -1.474259 1.381824 -1.07 0.286 -4.182584 1.234066lgdpdfrati~w | -1.00878 .5636924 -1.79 0.074 -2.113597 .0960367 lpopau | 4.846493 4.749201 1.02 0.307 -4.461769 14.15476 lpop | .0722167 .0935829 0.77 0.440 -.1112024 .2556358 lxrate1 | -.0411047 .0388535 -1.06 0.290 -.1172562 .0350468 lremote | -.816365 .3005466 -2.72 0.007 -1.405425 -.2273045 ldist | -2.975555 .4486167 -6.63 0.000 -3.854827 -2.096282 lopen | -.0619706 .1086335 -0.57 0.568 -.2748883 .150947 english | .6566012 .1976213 3.32 0.001 .2692705 1.043932 white | 11.11966 1.702735 6.53 0.000 7.782359 14.45696 lwhitemg | -1.106803 .1518074 -7.29 0.000 -1.40434 -.8092662 _cons | -13.81451 44.54405 -0.31 0.756 -101.1192 73.49022------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .002516 lgdp | -.002463 .009766 lgdpau | -.003159 .006038 1.90944lgdpdfrati~w | -.001138 .000364 -.033446 .317749 lpopau | .011119 -.030628 -6.41282 .195891 22.5549 lpop | -.000129 -.005675 -.001381 .000309 .005801 .008758 lxrate1 | .00001 .001527 .002251 .001804 -.013666 -.001488 .00151 lremote | .003635 -8.7e-06 -.021589 -.036057 .05485 -.001538 -.001475 ldist | .011675 -.008132 -.02412 -.014808 .066914 .002374 -.000704 lopen | -.000247 -.000111 .006458 .005269 -.052505 .002319 -.000045 english | -.002526 .003531 .007544 .006404 -.026946 -.001397 .002283 white | .01216 -.034362 .018469 -.025926 -.019494 .034786 -.005551 lwhitemg | -.001017 .001131 -.003346 -.000226 .008549 -.002095 .000281 _cons | -.200595 .306073 56.6391 -2.25456 -206.801 -.07412 .169495

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .090328 ldist | .050871 .201257 lopen | .003516 .001323 .011801 english | -.018608 .006167 -.002618 .039054 white | .035565 .113602 -.001361 .032469 2.89931 lwhitemg | .001466 -.010587 .000257 -.003397 -.249595 .023045 _cons | -1.56865 -2.75199 .630419 .279858 -1.39618 .049837 1984.17

. xtgls lrxsitc9 limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdfrationew lpopau lpop lxrate1 lr> emote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg, panels(hetero)corr(psar1)nolog

Cross-sectional time-series FGLS regression

Coefficients: generalized least squaresPanels: heteroskedasticCorrelation: panel-specific AR(1)

Estimated covariances = 100 Number of obs = 1000Estimated autocorrelations = 100 Number of groups = 100Estimated coefficients = 14 Time periods = 10 Wald chi2(13) = 791.18Log likelihood = -1564.395 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000

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------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrxsitc9 | Coef. Std. Err. z P>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]-------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .4322298 .0675509 6.40 0.000 .2998325 .5646272 lgdp | .1606925 .126032 1.28 0.202 -.0863256 .4077107 lgdpau | -2.948254 1.849862 -1.59 0.111 -6.573917 .677409lgdpdfrati~w | -1.216165 .6212697 -1.96 0.050 -2.433831 .0015014 lpopau | 20.74814 6.316181 3.28 0.001 8.368658 33.12763 lpop | .5207393 .1188473 4.38 0.000 .2878028 .7536758 lxrate1 | -.137232 .0428076 -3.21 0.001 -.2211335 -.0533306 lremote | .353921 .3207118 1.10 0.270 -.2746626 .9825047 ldist | -1.934816 .4495206 -4.30 0.000 -2.815861 -1.053772 lopen | -.1555845 .1376926 -1.13 0.259 -.425457 .1142881 english | .2003488 .2744147 0.73 0.465 -.3374942 .7381917 white | 17.1896 2.525311 6.81 0.000 12.24008 22.13912 lwhitemg | -1.631753 .2443834 -6.68 0.000 -2.110736 -1.152771 _cons | -260.6213 58.53805 -4.45 0.000 -375.3537 -145.8888------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. vce

| limmig lgdp lgdpau lgdpdf~w lpopau lpop lxrate1-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- limmig | .004563 lgdp | -.00504 .015884 lgdpau | -.006084 .008808 3.42199lgdpdfrati~w | -.002739 .004012 -.053834 .385976 lpopau | .019635 -.045902 -11.4247 .201711 39.8941 lpop | .001516 -.010551 -.0032 -.002364 .010033 .014125 lxrate1 | -.000212 .001888 -.000766 .003501 -.006412 -.001547 .001832 lremote | .005559 -.002784 -.047625 -.021045 .061558 .002484 .001143 ldist | .017364 -.012717 -.036341 -.001827 .102573 .009691 -.000516 lopen | -.000353 -.000246 .007313 .008471 -.050383 .003803 -.000307 english | -.003609 .00997 .007607 .002938 -.04989 -.005468 .002069 white | .016711 -.044228 -.055183 -.056958 -.073903 .054848 .004256 lwhitemg | -.001245 .001353 -.000057 .001982 .016046 -.002657 -.000412 _cons | -.314785 .500655 100.453 -2.16461 -363.177 -.180254 .093359

| lremote ldist lopen english white lwhitemg _cons-------------+--------------------------------------------------------------- lremote | .102856 ldist | .049327 .202069 lopen | .006638 .004162 .018959 english | -.012436 .026646 -.005364 .075303 white | .148796 -.007004 .001558 -.016236 6.37719 lwhitemg | -.005232 .001809 .00007 .000886 -.605425 .059723 _cons | -1.12551 -3.07679 .49979 .329187 1.49013 -.216101 3426.7

. log: K:\Exports\Japan to Haiti.log log type: text closed on: 1 Aug 2006, 23:32:50--------------------------------------------------------------------------------