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7/23/2019 bsim {cmg&img} http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bsim-cmgimg 1/44 @IQUNA]BQ@NI QCM amb`s`ni nl tcm wnrfa's fmda`ij `itmjrdtma b`rbu`t (@B) hdiuldbturmr @itmf tn dftmr tcm drbc`tmbturm nl tcm trda`t`nidf hmtdf-nx`am-smh`bniaubtnr, l`mfa-mllmbt trdis`stnr (HNRLMQ) lrnh pfdidr tn L`iLMQ 4  (Qr`Jdtm) _4X `s bnis`amrma tcm hnst ardhdt`b bcdijm tcdt cds nbburrma `i tcm @B `iaustry nvmr tcm pdst 17 ymdrs _5X. Ey daa`ij nify tcrmm pmrbmit tn tcm lder`bdt`ni bnst, @itmf's Qr`Jdtm prnbmss, ”@vy Er`ajm,“ `s inw `i vnfuhm prnaubt`ni. @itmf's imxt 55-ih Qr`Jdtm, systmh-ni-bc`p (RnB) tmbcinfnjy _wc`bc nllmrs d vdr`mty nl trdis`stnr bcn`bms lnr c`jc-pmrlnrhdibm, fnw- pnwmr, dia c`jc-vnftdjm dppf`bdt`nisX `s mxpmbtma tn cdvm d 57<7 pmrbmit pmrlnrhdibm `hprnvmhmit dia d rmaubt`ni nl lnur nramrs nl hdji`tuam `i tcm fmdodjm burrmit nvmr tcm lnrhmr 25-ih pfdidr prnbmss _2X. R`ibm @itmf cda cda d s`ji`l`bdit fmda nvmr `ts bnhpmt`tnrs `i tcm pdst, `t wds dit`b`pdtma tcdt ntcmr hdknr @B hdiuldbturms lnffnw su`t dia danpt tcm L`iLMQ prnbmss. Qc`s prma`bt`ni turima nut tn em trum snni dltmrwdras wcmi tcm  wnrfa's twn fdrjmst @B lnuiar`ms, QRHB dia JFNEDFLN]IAU@MR (JLs), diinuibma tcm`r pfdis tn sw`tbc tn 4<-ih _1X dia 41-ih _=X L`iLMQ tmbcinfnj`ms, rmspmbt`vmfy. Cnwmvmr, ui`vmrs`ty dia `iaustry mxpmrts emf`mvm tcdt tcm R` L`iLMQ `s kust nim pnss`efm npt`ni dia tcmrm drm huft`pfm uibmrtd`i pdtcs dcmda. Qcm uftrd-tc`i enay (]QE) s`f`bni-ni-`isufdtnr (RN@) trdis`stnr ey RQ H`brnmfmbtrni`bs _<X dia tcm ammpfy ampfmtma bcdiimf HNRLMQ ey Ru\nftd _:X drm bfnsm bnhpmt`tnrs tn tcm L`iLMQ drbc`tmbturm. @EH cds dfsn djjrmss`vmfy davdibma tcm pfdidr HNRLMQ ey sbdf`ij `t anwi tn tcm 47-ih inam _3X.Dftmridt`vmfy, hdtmr`dfs f`om Jm (dfsn su`tdefm lnr npt`bdf `itmrbniimbts) _0X, @@@-\ bnhpnuia smh`bniaubtnrs f`om @iJdDs _47X, hninfdymr smh`bniaubtnrs subc ds jrdpcmim _44X dia HnR5 _45X (wc`bc idturdffy lnrh ]QE trdis`stnrs), dia trdis`stnrs w`tc inibfdss`bdf npmrdt`ij hnams (`ibfua`ij tuiimf l`mfa-mllmbt trdis`stnrs (QLMQs) _42X dia imjdt`vm bdpdb`tdibm trdis`stnrs _41X) drm dhnij tcm fnij-tmrh prnpnsma rmsnfut`nis. Dintcmr `itmrmst`ij pnss`efm sbmidr`n h`jct em tn bnhe`im tcm dftmridt`vm drbc`tmbturms, hdtmr`dfs, dia npmrdt`ij hnams tn brmdtm vdr`nus  eu`fa`ij efnbos subc ds L`iLMQ/]QE R`Jm/@@@-\ trdis`stnrs _4=X dia L`iLMQ/W`ffdr R`Jm/@@@-\ QLMQ _4<X. Bnhpdbt hnamfs lnr smh`bniaubtnr amv`bms drm mssmit`df lnr dff typms nl mfmbtrni`b ams`jis. Didfnj, a`j`tdf, nr h`xma-s`jidf b`rbu`ts drm dfwdys bdrmluffy `hpfmhmitma dia tmstma ey b`rbu`t s`hufdtnrs wcmrm bnhpdbt

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@IQUNA]BQ@NI 

QCM amb`s`ni nl tcm wnrfa's fmda`ij `itmjrdtma b`rbu`t (@B) hdiuldbturmr@itmf tn dftmr tcm drbc`tmbturm nl tcm trda`t`nidf hmtdf-nx`am-smh`bniaubtnr,

l`mfa-mllmbt trdis`stnr (HNRLMQ) lrnh pfdidr tn L`iLMQ4

 (Qr`Jdtm) _4X `sbnis`amrma tcm hnst ardhdt`b bcdijm tcdt cds nbburrma `i tcm @B `iaustrynvmr tcm pdst 17 ymdrs _5X. Ey daa`ij nify tcrmm pmrbmit tn tcm lder`bdt`nibnst, @itmf's Qr`Jdtm prnbmss, ”@vy Er`ajm,“ `s inw `i vnfuhmprnaubt`ni. @itmf's imxt 55-ih Qr`Jdtm, systmh-ni-bc`p (RnB) tmbcinfnjy_wc`bc nllmrs d vdr`mty nl trdis`stnr bcn`bms lnr c`jc-pmrlnrhdibm, fnw-pnwmr, dia c`jc-vnftdjm dppf`bdt`nisX `s mxpmbtma tn cdvm d 57‒<7 pmrbmitpmrlnrhdibm `hprnvmhmit dia d rmaubt`ni nl lnur nramrs nl hdji`tuam `itcm fmdodjm burrmit nvmr tcm lnrhmr 25-ih pfdidr prnbmss _2X. R`ibm @itmfcda cda d s`ji`l`bdit fmda nvmr `ts bnhpmt`tnrs `i tcm pdst, `t wds dit`b`pdtma

tcdt ntcmr hdknr @B hdiuldbturms lnffnw su`t dia danpt tcm L`iLMQprnbmss. Qc`s prma`bt`ni turima nut tn em trum snni dltmrwdras wcmi tcm

 wnrfa's twn fdrjmst @B lnuiar`ms, QRHB dia JFNEDFLN]IAU@MR (JLs),diinuibma tcm`r pfdis tn sw`tbc tn 4<-ih _1X dia 41-ih _=X L`iLMQtmbcinfnj`ms, rmspmbt`vmfy.

Cnwmvmr, ui`vmrs`ty dia `iaustry mxpmrts emf`mvm tcdt tcm R` L`iLMQ `s kustnim pnss`efm npt`ni dia tcmrm drm huft`pfm uibmrtd`i pdtcs dcmda. Qcmuftrd-tc`i enay (]QE) s`f`bni-ni-`isufdtnr (RN@) trdis`stnr ey RQ

H`brnmfmbtrni`bs _<X dia tcm ammpfy ampfmtma bcdiimf HNRLMQ ey Ru\nftd_:X drm bfnsm bnhpmt`tnrs tn tcm L`iLMQ drbc`tmbturm. @EH cds dfsndjjrmss`vmfy davdibma tcm pfdidr HNRLMQ ey sbdf`ij `t anwi tn tcm 47-ihinam _3X.Dftmridt`vmfy, hdtmr`dfs f`om Jm (dfsn su`tdefm lnr npt`bdf`itmrbniimbts) _0X, @@@-\ bnhpnuia smh`bniaubtnrs f`om @iJdDs _47X,hninfdymr smh`bniaubtnrs subc ds jrdpcmim _44X dia HnR5 _45X (wc`bcidturdffy lnrh ]QE trdis`stnrs), dia trdis`stnrs w`tc inibfdss`bdfnpmrdt`ij hnams (`ibfua`ij tuiimf l`mfa-mllmbt trdis`stnrs (QLMQs) _42X diaimjdt`vm bdpdb`tdibm trdis`stnrs _41X) drm dhnij tcm fnij-tmrh prnpnsmarmsnfut`nis. Dintcmr `itmrmst`ij pnss`efm sbmidr`n h`jct em tn bnhe`im tcm

dftmridt`vm drbc`tmbturms, hdtmr`dfs, dia npmrdt`ij hnams tn brmdtm vdr`nus eu`fa`ij efnbos subc ds L`iLMQ/]QE R`Jm/@@@-\ trdis`stnrs _4=X diaL`iLMQ/W`ffdr R`Jm/@@@-\ QLMQ _4<X.

Bnhpdbt hnamfs lnr smh`bniaubtnr amv`bms drm mssmit`df lnr dff typms nlmfmbtrni`b ams`jis. Didfnj, a`j`tdf, nr h`xma-s`jidf b`rbu`ts drm dfwdysbdrmluffy `hpfmhmitma dia tmstma ey b`rbu`t s`hufdtnrs wcmrm bnhpdbt

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hnamfs drm usma tn rmprmsmit, `i d hdtcmhdt`bdf lnrh, tcm mfmbtrni`b emcdv`nr nl mdbc amv`bm. ER@H5 bnhpdbt hnamfs lnr HNRLMQs cdvm smrvma`iaustry lnr hnrm tcdi twn ambdams inw? tc`s stdrtma w`tc ER@H2, diafdtmr, ER@H1 dia ER@HRN@. ER@H1, tcm `iaustry-stdiadra pfdidr HNRLMQhnamf, cds emmi w`amfy usma ey Mfmbtrni`b Ams`ji Dutnhdt`ni (MAD) dia@B hdiuldbtur`ij bnhpdi`ms lrnh tcm 7.43- inam tn tcm burrmit 57-ihinam. @iamma, `t wnufa int em di mxdjjmrdt`ni tn sdy tcdt tcm davdibms `i`ilnrhdt`ni tmbcinfnjy tcdt cdvm tdomi pfdbm nvmr tcm fdst ambdam cdvms`ji`l`bditfy emiml`tma lrnh ER@H hnamfs. Umsmdrbc dia amvmfnphmit `itcm ER@H Jrnup bnit`iums tn suppnrt d hdknr`ty nl tcm dlnrmhmit`nimasbmidr`ns lnr bnhpfmhmitdry hmtdf‒nx`am‒smh`bniaubtnr (BHNR)tmbcinfnjy ey amvmfnp`ij amv`bm drbc`tmbturm-ampmiamit, hdtmr`df-`iampmiamit bnhpdbt hnamfs. Umbmitfy, tcm ER@H Jrnup cds amvmfnpma”ER@H-BHJ“ tn hnamf bnhhni anuefm-, tr`pfm-, qudarupfm-, dia

surrnuia-jdtm L`iLMQs, dia ”ER@H-@HJ“ tn hnamf `iampmiamit anuefm-jdtm HNRLMQs dia bdpturm tcm rmsuft`ij tcrmscnfa vnftdjm dakusthmit

 w`tc edbo jdtm e`ds. Qcmsm twn hnamfs drm tcm lnbus nl tc`s pdpmr. @i Hdrbc5745, tcm Bnhpdbt Hnamf Bnuib`f (BHB) smfmbtma ER@H-BHJ ds tcm l`rstdia nify `iaustry-stdiadra hnamf lnr tcm L`iLMQ. ER@H-@HJ `s dfsn uiamrbnis`amrdt`ni ey BHB ds d stdiadra hnamf lnr ]QE-RN@ tmbcinfnjy.

Qc`s pdpmr `s nrjdi`zma ds lnffnws; Rmbt`ni @@  er`mlfy rmv`mws tcm c`stnr`bdfpdtc tn hdom vmry scnrt-bcdiimf HNRLMQs dia tcm mvnfvmhmit nl ER@Hbnhpdbt hnamfs tcrnujcnut tcmsm ymdrs? rmdamrs wcn w`sc tn lnbus ni tcmhnamfs bdi so`p tc`s smbt`ni. Rmbt`nis @@@ dia @\ prnv`am amtd`fs ni ER@H-BHJ dia ER@H-@HJ hnamfs, rmspmbt`vmfy. Qcm bnibfus`nis nl tcm pdpmr drmsuhhdr`zma `i Rmbt`ni \ . 

RMBQ@NI @@

RCNUQ-BCDIIMF HNRLMQR, IMZAM\@BM DUBC@QMBQ]UMR

DIA BNHWDBQHNAMFR 

Qcm de`f`ty tn bnit`iudffy dia rmf`defy rmaubm tcm pcys`bdf s`zm nl R`

HNRLMQs cds bnit`iudffy `hprnvma tcm`r spmma dia pnwmr mll`b`miby, diacmibm tcm spmma dia pnwmr mll`b`miby nl d huft`tuam nl mfmbtrni`b amv`bms,lrnh bmffufdr pcnims tn pmrsnidf bnhputmrs.Lnr tcm fdst twn ambdams, tcmuiamrstdia`ij `i tcm l`mfa wds tcdt bnivmit`nidf pfdidr eufo HNRLMQsbdf`ij bnufa int bnit`ium lnrmvmr dt tcm sdhm rdtm nl Hnnrm's fdw _4:X, _43X,_40X, _57X. Rcr`io`ij tcm jdtm fmijtc amjrdams tcm trdislmr bcdrdbtmr`st`bsnl d pfdidr HNRLMQ? tcm suetcrmscnfa sw`ij amjrdams

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dia ambrmdsms _4:X (tcm mllmbt oinwi ds rnff-nll), wc`bc `hpf`ms tcdttcm amv`bm bdiint em turima nll mds`fy ey fnwmr`ij tcm jdtm vnftdjm, .Qcmsm prnefmhs drm bnffmbt`vmfy oinwi ds scnrt-bcdiimf mllmbts (RBMs) _54X.Embdusm nl RBMs, tcm amv`bm bcdrdbtmr`st`bs embnhm `ibrmds`ijfy smis`t`vmtn vdr`dt`nis dia prnbmss `iaubma vdr`de`f`ty turis nut tn em hnrmprnefmhdt`b. Mdrfy tcmnrmt`bdf dia hnamf`ij dpprndbcms tn stuay RBMs`ibfuama tcnsm nl Pdu _55X, F`u mt df. _52X, dia Qrnuthdi _51X. Qcmc`stnr`bdf snfut`ni tn tc`s prnefmh cds emmi tn `ibrmdsm tcm jdtm bnitrnf eyrmaub`ij tcm jdtm nx`am/c`jc-o a`mfmbtr`b tc`boimss `i prnpnrt`ni tn .

@i tcm mdrfy 4007s, `t wds nesmrvma tcdt dt jdtm fmijtcs emfnw 57 ih,fmdodjm pdtcs smvmrdf idinhmtmrs emfnw tcm s`f`bni-a`mfmbtr`b `itmrldbm(sue-surldbm fmdodjm pdtcs) drm pr`hdr`fy rmspnis`efm lnr tcm fmdodjmburrmit. Qcmsm pdtcs drm wmdofy bnitrnffma ey tcm jdtm (mvmi w`tc di `amdf

”zmrn“ nx`am tc`boimss) dia tcm`r pntmit`df edrr`mrs bdi em mds`fy fnwmrma ey tcrnujc tcm micdibma mfmbtr`b l`mfa bnupf`ij tn tcm ard`i (tcm mllmbtoinwi ds ard`i `iaubma edrr`mr fnwmr`ij nr A@EF). Qc`s imw bcdffmijmtn sbdf`ij cds amhdiama d jrmdt amdf nl mllnrt dia rmsnurbms tn mij`immrtcm suestrdtm anp`ij (`.m., brmdtm rmtrnjrdam dia supmr stmmp rmtrnjrdamprnl`fms), lnrh scdffnw snurbm dia ard`i mxtmis`nis, dia daa cdfn (pnbomt)`hpfdits uiamr tcm snurbm dia ard`i mxtmis`nis.

Bnis`amr`ij tcm ldbt tcdt tcm sbdf`ij nl pfdidr HNRLMQs `s embnh`ij hnrma`ll`buft dia hnrm mxpmis`vm, lnr tcm fdst twn ambdams wnrfaw`am rmsmdrbc `imfmbtrni`bs cds lnbusma d hdknr tcrust tn mxpfnrm dftmridt`vm amv`bmdrbc`tmbturms dia hdtmr`dfs _0X, _47X, _44X, _45X, _42X, _41X, _4=X, _4<X, _5=X.

 D. Imw Amv`bm Drbc`tmbturms

Nim dpprndbc tn surhnuit tcm `hpmia`ij sbdf`ij edrr`mr `s tn prmsmrvmds hubc nl prmsmit-ady tmbcinfnjy ds pnss`efm, dia tn dujhmit `t w`tc imwamv`bm drbc`tmbturms tcdt bnufa dffdy snhm nr hnst nl tcm prnefmhs tcdtdppmdr `i sbdfma pfdidr HNRLMQs, `ibfua`ij uiams`rdefm fmdodjm burrmits

dia mxbmss`vm stdt`b pnwmr. Dhnij tcmsm dftmridt`vm drbc`tmbturms drmL`iLMQ _2X, _5<X, _5:X, _53X, _50X, _27X, _24X, _25X dia ]QE _22X, _21X, _2=X,_2<X. Entc nl tcmsm strubturms bdi mf`h`idtm tcm fmdodjm pdtcs tcdt drm ldrlrnh tcm jdtm(s) ey f`h`t`ij tcm prmsmibm nl smh`bniaubtnr enay `i tcm`hhma`dtm v`b`i`ty nl tcm jdtm(s).

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L`j. 4 scnws d anuefm-jdtm HNRLMQ wcnsm enay bnis`sts nl d tc`i l`fh nluianpma s`f`bni. @l tcm enay `s tc`i, diy f`ims ardwi emtwmmi tcm snurbmdia ard`i (`ibfua`ij pnss`efm fmdodjm pdtcs) wnufa int em ldr lrnh nim nltcm jdtms. @i tc`s strubturm, bcdiimf anp`ij `s int immama lnr supprmss`ijRBMs. Qcus, rdianh anpdit lfubtudt`ni, d hdknr bnitr`eutnr tn amv`bm

 vdr`dt`ni, `s mf`h`idtma _2:X.

L`j. 4. D anuefm-jdtm HNRLMQ w`tc di uianpma tc`i l`fh R` enay. (Qcm snurbm diaard`i spdbmrs dia bnitdbts cdvm int emmi scnwi). Qcm sue-surldbm fmdodjm pdtcsdrm bfnsm tn tcm jdtms dia RBMs bdi em vmry wmff supprmssma _11X.

\`mw Dff | Imxt 

Qcm L`iLMQ `i L`j. 5 `s nim nl tcm hdiuldbturdefm vmrs`nis nl tcm huft`-

jdtm (HJ) strubturm `i L`j. 4. Qcm l`i bdi em bnistrubtma ni RN@ nr nifnwmr-bnst eufo suestrdtms w`tc tcm usudf pdttmri`ij dia mtbc`ijtmbcinfnj`ms. @l tcm l`i `s tc`i minujc, w`tc d tc`boimss shdffmr tcdi ,RBMs drm vmry wmff supprmssma dia `s bfnsm tn tcm `amdf vdfumnl dt rnnh tmhpmrdturm (smmL`j. 1 `i _2X). Qc`s imwdrbc`tmbturm rmsuftma ̀ i d imw sbdf`ij rufm, `.m., bdi em sbdfma eyhd`itd`i`ij tcm bnia`t`ni , rmfdx`ij tcm sbdf`ij nl jdtm a`mfmbtr`bdia enay anp`ij. Cu mt df. rmpnrtma 1=- dia 43-ih wnro`ij anuefm-jdtmL`iLMQs `i 4003 dia 4000 _5<X, _5:X. Rnni dltmr, 47-ih anuefm-jdtm _53X,

47-ih tr`pfm-jdtm ( jdtm) _50X, =-ih idinw`rm _27X, dia 2-ih qudarupfm-jdtm (dff-drnuia jdtm) _24X L`iLMQs wmrm rmpnrtma ey @B hdiuldbturmr DHA, Fmt` rmsmdrbc ̀ ist`tutm, QRHB, dia Onrmd Davdibma @ist`tutm nlRb`mibm dia Qmbcinfnjy, rmspmbt`vmfy.

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L`j. 5. Qcm L`iLMQ `s d 2A strubturm dia `t emiml`ts lrnh d fdrjmr mfmbtr`bdf drmdtcdi pcys`bdf lnnt-pr`it embdusm tcm bcdiimf w`atc Z `s tw`bm tcm l`i

cm`jct pfus tcm l`i tc`boimss dia Z `s fdrjmr tcdi tcm l`i p`tbc.Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

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 L`j. 2. Rbcmhdt`b nl d ]QE trdis`stnr. Qcm enay bdi em d tc`i l`fh nl s`f`bni, nr dhninfdymr smh`bniaubtnr f`om jrdpcmim _44X, _45X, dia _17X. @l tcmeur`ma nx`am ENx `s tc`i, tcm suestrdtm bdi em usma tn e`ds tcm enay lnr d ams`rmaayidh`b sc`lt.

Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

L`j. 1. Rmh`bniaubtnr tmbcinfnjy-@B ams`ji ̀ itmrdbt`ni dfnij tcm a`llmrmit pcdsmsnl prnaubt amvmfnphmit.

Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

@i di didfnjnus hdiimr, `l tcm tc`boimss nl tcm s`f`bni l`fh `i d s`f`bni-ni-`isufdtnr (RN@) HNRLMQ `s nify smvmrdf idinhmtmrs (tc`iimr tcdi denutnim cdfl nl ), tcm fmdodjm pdtcs ldr lrnh tcm jdtm w`ff em mf`h`idtma diaRBMs bdi em s`ji`l`bditfy supprmssma? `iamma, tcm trdis`stnr fmdodjm burrmit`s rmaubma ey lnr mvmry idinhmtmr arnp `i (smm L`j. 4 nl _22X). Qcm]QE-RN@ HNRLMQs rmqu`rm RN@ suestrdtms w`tc mxtrmhmfy ui`lnrh s`f`bnil`fhs (sue-idinhmtmr ui`lnrh`ty). @i 5770, RN@ wdlmr suppf`mr, Rn`tmb,nvmrbdhm tcm bcdffmijm tcrnujc d prnbmss bdffma ”Rhdrt But“ diaamvmfnpma RN@ wdlmrs w`tc d ams`rma tnfmrdibm nl _23X. @t `s wnrtchmit`ni`ij tcdt ]QE-RN@ HNRLMQs w`tc ds tc`i ds 2 ih cds emmimxpmr`hmitdffy rmdf`zma _20X. @i tcm fnij-tmrh luturm, tcm hnst dttrdbt`vm

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bcdiimf hdtmr`dfs drm tcm hninfdymr smh`bniaubtnrs subc ds jrdpcmim _44Xdia _45X dia tcmy idturdffy lnrh ]QEtrdis`stnrs. Hninfdymr trdis`stnr w`tc <7 h\/ambdam suetcrmscnfasw`ij cds rmbmitfy emmi amhnistrdtma _17X.

@l tcm tc`boimss nl tcm Eur`ma Nx`am (ENx) `i d ]QE trdis`stnr `s rmaubma,tcm suestrdtm `hhma`dtmfy emfnw tcm ENx bdi em usma ds d edbo jdtm tn e`dstcm enay dia midefm d huft`- tmbcinfnjy _14X, _15X. Qcm strubturm w`tc drmaubma ENx `s rmlmrrma tn ds ”uftrd-tc`i enay dia ENx“ (]QEE) diarmbmitfy `t cds emmi nl pdrt`bufdr `itmrmst tn RnB ams`jimrs _12X. L`j. 2scnwsd ]QE trdis`stnr w`tc enay-e`ds bdpde`f`ty.

E. Bnhpdbt Hnamf`ij

 Z`tc `ibrmds`ij tmbcinfnjy bnhpfmx`ty dia imma lnr mvmr-ambrmds`ij t`hmtn hdromt lnr mfmbtrni`b prnaubts lrnh imwmr tmbcinfnjy inams, @B ams`jidia tmbcinfnjy amvmfnphmit bdiint rmhd`i am-bnupfma. ]if`om `i tcm pdst

 wcmrm prnaubt amvmfnphmit cdppmima dltmr tmbcinfnjy hdtur`ty tn emiml`tlrnh c`jc y`mfas, tnady @B ams`ji cnusms bfnsmfy bnffdenrdtm dia mijdjm

 w`tc tcm`r lnuiary pdrtimrs ds hubc ds tcrmm ymdrs pr`nr. Wrnaubt aml`i`t`nidia @W amvmfnphmit emj`i mvmi emlnrm tcm dvd`fde`f`ty nl tcm l`rst s`f`bnicdrawdrm rmsufts. Qcm mxbcdijm nl `ilnrhdt`ni emtwmmi tcm twn pdrt`ms(smm L`j. 1) cdppmis dt d iuhemr nl stdjms lrnh prnaubt aml`i`t`ni tn l`idfprnaubt vdf`adt`ni tcrnujc d smt nl tmbcinfnjy aml`i`t`nis bdffma d prnbmss

ams`ji o`t (WAO). Bnhpdbt RW@BM hnamfs drm d luiadhmitdf pdrt nl d WAO.

 D bnhpdbt hnamf lnr d smh`bniaubtnr amv`bm `s d bnib`sm hdtcmhdt`bdfamsbr`pt`ni nl `ts bnhpfmx emcdv`nr, dia `t `s usudffy `hpfmhmitma `i dbnhputmr prnjrdh`ij fdijudjm f`om B nr \mr`fnj-D. Amsp`tm tcm ldbt tcdt tcm`hpfmhmitdt`ni h`jct bnis`st nl tcnusdias nl f`ims nl bnams, `t tdoms nify dlrdbt`ni nl d h`ff`smbnia lnr bnhputmr s`hufdt`ni tnnfs f`om RW@BM _1=X tnrui tcm bnam (lnr nim trdis`stnr dt d s`ijfm e`ds pn`it). @i daa`t`ni, tcmhnamf's dbburdby dia qudf`ty `s nl pdrdhnuit `hpnrtdibm. Zm bnufa sdlmfy

sdy tcdt @B ams`ji `s tcm nify mij`immr`ij l`mfa wcmrm wm d`h lnr ”l`rst t`hmr`jct“ ams`jis `i nramr tn stdy bnhpmt`t`vm. Qcm spmma dia dbburdby ( UHR mrrnr dltmr bdf`erdt`ni tn mxpmr`hmitdf adtd) nl tcm ER@H ldh`fy

nl bnhpdbt hnamfs midefm s`hufdt`ni tnnfs tn vmr`ly tcm luibt`nidf`ty diapmrlnrhdibm nl @Bs (bnitd`i`ij h`ff`nis nl trdis`stnrs) emlnrm di mxpmis`vmlder`bdt`ni prnbmss tdoms pfdbm. Qcm hnamfs drm dfsn lfmx`efm minujc tndbbnhhnadtm tmbcinfnjy hna`l`bdt`nis lrnh huft`pfm lnuiar`ms. Qcm

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hnamfs uiamrjn bnit`iunus `iinvdt`ni w`tc luiadhmitdf bnitr`eut`nislrnh ui`vmrs`t`ms dia `hpnrtdit `ibrmhmitdf bnitr`eut`nis lrnh `iaustryfmda`ij tn tcm`r ampfnyhmit.

B. ER@H Ldh`fy nl Bnhpdbt HnamfsQcm ER@H Jrnup stdrtma amv`bm hnamf`ij `i tcm B fdijudjm `i tcm 4037sdia s`ibm tcmi `t cds emmi wnro`ij tn davdibm tcm hnamf`ij lnr @Bams`jis. Qcm l`rst twn hnamfs, ER@H4 _1<X dia ER@H5 _1:X, wmrm tcm

 emj`ii`ij nl HNRLMQ hnamf̀ ij `i tcm jrnup. Qcm ER@H4 hnamfmhpcds`zma dbburdby, bnhputdt`nidf mll`b`miby, dia d pdrdhmtmr mxtrdbt`niprnbmaurm us`ij d smh`-mhp`r`bdf dpprndbc, ds nppnsma tn d purm pcys`bs-nr`mitma hnamf`ij. ER@H5 wds di mxtmis`ni tn ER@H4 wcmrm dttmit`ni wdspd`a tn tcm l`rst-nramr amr`vdt`vms nl tcm tmrh`idf burrmits dia bcdrjms w`tcrmspmbt tn tcm tmrh`idf vnftdjms, tcmrmey hdo`ij tcm hnamf dppf`bdefm lnrdidfnj b`rbu`t ams`ji. Qcm ER@H2 hnamf _13X, _10X, _=7X mhpfnymadavdibma shnntc`ij luibt`nis, wc`bc rmsuftma `i bnit`iunus mxprmss`nislnr burrmits, bcdrjms, dia tcm`r c`jcmr-nramr amr`vdt`vms? tc`s prnjrmssmf`h`idtma tcm a`sbnit`iu`t`ms `i @-\ dia B-\ s`hufdt`nis dia spma up tcmbnivmrjmibm `i RW@BM. ER@H2 wds smfmbtma ds tcm wnrfa's l`rst `iaustry-stdiadra hnamf lnr @B ams`ji ey BHB `i 400: dia `t `s st`ff usma `iprnaubt`ni fmvmf WAOs, mspmb`dffy lnr tcm 7.43- inam dia nfamrtmbcinfnj`ms.

Qcm imxt jmimrdt`ni ER@H1 hnamf _=7X, _=4X emiml`tma lrnh hdknr upadtms,`ibfua`ij smvmrdf imw suehnamfs lnr mhmrj`ij pcys`bdf mllmbts (m.j., jdtmtuiimf`ij burrmit) dia fdynut mllmbts (m.j., wmff prnx`h`ty mllmbt), rda`n-lrmqumiby (UL) micdibmhmits (m.j., jdtm dia suestrdtm rms`stdibmimtwnros), di davdibma tcmrhdf in`sm hnamf (`.m., Cnf`st`b In`sm hnamf).

 Drnuia tcm sdhm t`hm ds ER@H1 amvmfnphmit, tcm ER@H Jrnup dfsn wnroma ni amvmfnp`ij ER@HRN@, d bnhpdbt hnamf lnr RN@ HNRLMQsbnvmr`ij entc pdrt`dffy dia luffy ampfmtma RN@ strubturms. Qcm ER@HRN@

hnamf wds stdiadra`zma `i 5774.

ER@H hnamfs bnis`st nl twn hd`i bnhpnimits; d eds`b hnamf dia d smt nlrmdf-amv`bm suehnamfs. Qcm eds`b hnamf `s di `amdf fnij-bcdiimf hnamf.Qcm rmdf-amv`bm suehnamfs drm pcys`bdffy amr`vma mxprmss`nis tcdt drmdaama dpprnpr`dtmfy drnuia tcm eds`b hnamf tn bdpturm tcm bnrrmbt emcdv`nr

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nl scnrt-bcdiimf amv`bms. Lurtcmr a`sbuss`ni ni tcmsm mllmbts w`ff emprmsmitma `i tcm upbnh`ij smbt`nis.

Qn daarmss ER@H1's syhhmtry prnefmh drnuia , tcm ER@H Jrnup

stdrtma tcm ER@H< prnkmbt `i fdtm 5747. ER@H< cds d bcdrjm-edsma eds`bhnamf w`tc dff tcm rmdf-amv`bm suehnamfs dadptma lrnh ER@H1, wc`fmjudrditmm`ij syhhmtry drnuia _=5X. Qcm hnamf lufl`ffs dff qudf`tytmsts `ibfua`ij HbDiarmw-Juhhmf syhhmtry dia db syhhmtry tmsts _=2X?daa`t`nidffy, `t prnv`ams bnrrmbt sfnpms lnr UL c`jcmr-nramr a`stnrt`nididfys`s us`ij cdrhni`b edfdibm s`hufdt`ni _=1X. Qn midefm d shnntctrdis`t`ni lrnh ER@H1, wm cdvm dfsn nutf`ima d ui`qum smqumit`df ULhnamf mxtrdbt`ni prnbmaurm us`ij ER@H< _==X. @i Dpr`f 5742, BHBdpprnvma tcm ER@H< hnamf ds di didfnj dia UL lr`miafy bnit`iudt`ni tntcm ER@H1 hnamf.

 Ds tcm L`iLMQ dia ]QE trdis`stnrs drm l`ia`ij tcm`r wdy `itn tcm hdromt,dbburdtm, dia bnhputdt`nidffy mll`b`mit hnamfs tcdt prma`bt tcm bnhpfmx abdia db emcdv`nrs nl tcmsm trdis`stnrs `i @Bs drm mssmit`df. Qcm prnkmbt nlamvmfnp`ij bnhpdbt hnamfs lnr HJ trdis`stnrs stdrtma `i 577=. ER@H-BHJtdrjmtma tcm bfdss nl bnhhni HJ (BHJ) L`iLMQs, wc`fm ER@H-@HJtdrjmtma `iampmiamit HJ (@HJ) strubturms wcmrm dsyhhmtr`b lrnit dia

 edbo jdtms drm dffnwma. Qcm prmv`nusfy hmit`nima ]QE dia ]QEEtrdis`stnrs drm mxdhpfms nl tcm strubturms tcdt bdi em s`hufdtma ey tcmER@H-@HJ hnamf. L`j. = scnws tcm t`hmf`im nl tcm ER@H ldh`fy nl bnhpdbthnamfs.

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L`j. =. Qcm t`hmf`im nl tcm ER@H ldh`fy nl bnhpdbt hnamfs. Qcm hnamfs `i jrdy(ER@H4-2 dia ER@H=) drm int suppnrtma ey tcm jrnup diy fnijmr. Qcm uiamrf`imahnamf (ER@H-@HJ) @R uiamr mvdfudt`ni/stdiadra`zdt`ni ey BHB.

Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

 D f`st nl ntcmr BHB `iaustry-stdiadra hnamfs `s ds lnffnws; 4) Eufo

HNRLMQ hnamfs; WRW ey Dr`znid Rtdtm ]i`vmrs`ty dia C`R@H eyC`rnsc`hd ]i`vmrs`ty? 5) RN@ HNRLMQ hnamfs; C`R@H^RN@ ey C`rnsc`hd]i`vmrs`ty? 2) C`jc-\nftdjm HNRLMQ hnamfs; C`R@H^C\ ey C`rnsc`hd]i`vmrs`ty? 1) E`pnfdr Qrdis`stnr hnamfs; C@B]H ey Armsami ]i`vmrs`ty nlQmbcinfnjy dia HMSQUDH ey Amflt ]i`vmrs`ty nl Qmbcinfnjy.

RMBQ@NI @@@

ER@H-BHJ HNAMF 

ER@H-BHJ `s d surldbm pntmit`df-edsma hnamf wcmrm dff tcm qudit`t`ms nl`itmrmst, subc ds tcm tmrh`idf burrmits dia bcdrjms, drm bdfbufdtma lrnh tcmsurldbm pntmit`dfs dt tcm snurbm dia ard`i mias nl tcm bcdiimf. L`j. < scnwstcm HJ L`iLMQs tcdt bdi em s`hufdtma w`tc tcm ER@H-BHJ hnamf. R`h`fdrtn tcm ntcmr ER@H hnamfs, ER@H-BHJ cds twn hd`i bnhpnimits; l`rst, d

 eds`b hnamf dia smbnia, d smt nl rmdf-amv`bm suehnamfs tn dujhmit tcm eds`b hnamf. Qcm ER@H-BHJ hnamf ̀ s d BHB `iaustry-stdiadra hnamf,dia dff tcm lnffnw`ij stdiadra`zdt`ni rmqu`rmhmits cdvm emmi hmt; RBMs,

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Tudituh hmbcdi`bdf mllmbts (THMs), bcdiimf fmijtc hnaufdt`ni, mfmbtr`b-l`mfa ampmiamit hne`f`ty, jmnhmtr`b sbdf`ij `i tcrmm a`hmis`nis, lrnit jdtmtd`fnr`ij `ibfua`ij tcm de`f`ty tn suppnrt pnfy jdtm ampfmt`ni (WAM) dia dhmtdf jdtm, burrmit sdturdt`ni, `hpdbt `ni`zdt`ni, tmhpmrdturm sbdf`ij, smfl-cmdt`ij, jdtm fmdodjm, in`sm hnamfs, jmnhmtr`bdffy sbdfdefm pdrds`t`b hnamfslnr mxtr`is`b rms`stdibms dia bdpdb`tdibms.L`j. : `ffustrdtms tcm strubturm nltcm ER@H-BHJ hnamf.

L`j. <. Qcm a`llmrmit HJ L`iLMQs tcdt bdi em s`hufdtma ey ER@H-BHJ. Qcm

pdrdhmtmr JMNHNA smfmbts tcm jmnhmtry, E]FOHNA smfmbts tcm suestrdtm (RN@ nreufo), dia DRPHHNA midefms di dsyhhmtr`b @-\.Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

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 L`j. :. Qcm strubturm nl tcm ER@H-BHJ hnamf. Int dff suehnamfs drm scnwi. THMs;qudituh hmbcdi`bdf mllmbts? WAM; jdtm pnfy ampfmt`ni mllmbt? Rmr`ms U; smr`msrms`stdibms? Burrmit Rdt.; burrmit sdturdt`ni? Hne`f`ty Amj.; bdrr`mr hne`f`tyamjrdadt`ni? J@AF/J@RF; jdtm `iaubma ard`i/snurbm fmdodjm.

Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

 D. Eds`b Hnamf; Wn`ssni-Bdrr`mr Qrdispnrt

Qcm ER@H bnhpdbt hnamfs drm edsma ni d eds`b hnamf tcdt `s netd`imaus`ij d fnij-bcdiimf dssuhpt`ni (dfsn bdffma tcm jrdaudf-bcdiimfdpprnx`hdt`ni JBD _=<X), dia dssuh`ij tcdt ntcmr pcys`bdf mllmbts, subc dshne`f`ty amjrdadt`ni, bdi em imjfmbtma. Rmvmrdf eds`b hnamfs cdvm emmiprnpnsma lnr tcm L`iLMQ, wcmrm bcdrjm _=:X dia surldbm pntmit`df _=3X, _=0X hnamf`ij dpprndbcms cdvm emmi hd`ify usma `i tcm amr`vdt`ni. Qcm eds`bhnamf usma `i ER@H-BHJ `s edsma ni d snfut`ni nl Wn`ssni-ar`lt/a`llus`nimqudt`nis lnr d fnij-bcdiimf anuefm-jdtm L`iLMQ, dssuh`ij d l`i`tm anp`ij`i tcm bcdiimf tn h`h`b tcm anpma bcdiimfs burrmitfy usma `i L`iLMQ

lder`bdt`ni _2X. L`idffy, tcm eds`b hnamf amvmfnpma lnr ER@H-BHJ djrmms w`tc tcm rmsufts nl bnhhmrb`df 5-A iuhmr`bdf amv`bm s`hufdtnrs w`tcnut tcmusm nl l`tt`ij pdrdhmtmrs _=0X, _<7X.

4) Mfmbtrnstdt`bs

Qcm strubturm scnwi `i L`j. 3, wc`bc bnis`sts nl d 5-A brnss-smbt`ni nl dbnhhni anuefm-jdtm trdis`stnr s`h`fdr tn tcdt `i L`j. 4, `s usma ds d

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rmlmrmibm lnr tcm hnamf amr`vdt`ni. Wn`ssni's mqudt`ni, dssuh`ij JBD,Enftzhdii's a`str`eut`ni lnr tcm `ivmrs`ni bdrr`mrs, dia bnis`amr`ij nifyhne`fm bdrr`ms (m.j., mfmbtrnis `i di IHNR L`iLMQ), `s wr`ttmi ds;

QmS Rnurbm wcmrmtcm syhenfs drm ds lnffnws; `s tcm mfmbtrnstdt`b pntmit`df `i tcmbcdiimf? `s tcm hdji`tuam nl tcm mfmbtrni`b bcdrjm? `s tcm `itr`is`bbdrr`mr bnibmitrdt`ni? `s tcm a`mfmbtr`b bnistdit nl tcm bcdiimf(l`i)? `s tcm tcmrhdf vnftdjm j`vmi ey , wcmrm dia drm tcmEnftzhdii bnistdit dia tcm tmhpmrdturm, rmspmbt`vmfy? `s tcm quds`-Lmrh` pntmit`df nl tcm bcdiimf ( dia )? `s tcm enay

anp`ij? .

L`j. 3. Rbcmhdt`b nl tcm syhhmtr`b, bnhhni anuefm-jdtm trdis`stnr uiamr stuay.Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

@i nramr tn netd`i tcm pntmit`df `i tcm bcdiimf, `s wr`ttmi dsQmS

RnurbmCmrm, `s tcm pntmit`df bnitr`eut`ni aum tn tcm `ivmrs`ni bdrr`mrsdia w`tcnut tcm mllmbt nl tcm `ni`zma anpdits , dia `s j`vmi ey 

QmS

Rnurbmdia `s tcm pntmit`df bnitr`eut`ni aum tn tcm prmsmibm nl tcm `ni`zmaanpdits , dia w`tcnut tcm mllmbt nl tcm `ivmrs`ni bdrr`mrs, dia `s j`vmi

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 ey  QmS

Rnurbm]s`ij tcm ldbt tcdt tcm vmrt`bdf bnhpnimit nl tcm mfmbtr`b l`mfa dttcm bmitmr nl d syhhmtr`b anuefm jdtm strubturm `s zmrn, wm bdi`itmjrdtm (2) tw`bm tn netd`i ds d luibt`ni nl tcm pntmit`df `i tcm

bmitmr nl tcm enay ;

QmS Rnurbm  Dppfy`ij dt tcm bmitmr nl tcm bcdiimf, smtt`ij , dia`itmjrdt`ij (1)t w`bm, `t `s pnss`efm tn netd`i

QmS Rnurbm Qcm surldbm pntmit`df dt diy pn`it dfnij tcm surldbm `s netd`ima ey

mvdfudt`ij tcm suh nl dia dt tcm surldbm;QmS Rnurbm 

Jduss's fdw dia tcm enuiadry bnia`t`nis dt tcm bcdiimf `itmrldbm fmda tn dsmbnia `hpnrtdit mqudt`ni

QmS Rnurbm wcmrmtcm syhenfs drm ds lnffnws; `s tcm jdtm vnftdjm? `s tcm lfdt-edia

 vnftdjm? `s tcm jdtm nx`am bdpdb`tdibm pmr ui`t drmd, j`vmi ey , wcmrm dia drm tcm nx`am a`mfmbtr`b bnistdit dia nx`am tc`boimss,rmspmbt`vmfy? `s tcm vmrt`bdf bnhpnimit nl tcm mfmbtr`b l`mfa dt tcm surldbm,

 wc`bc bdi em netd`ima ey `itmjrdt`ij (4) ds

QmS

RnurbmMqudt`nis (:) dia (3) rmprmsmit d smfl-bnis`stmit systmh nl mqudt`nistcdt bdi em usma tn netd`i dia ? cnwmvmr, tcrnujc d bcdijm nl vdr`defm,tcmy bdi em wr`ttmi ds d s`ijfm mqudt`ni;

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QmS Rnurbm wcmrm `stcm drjuhmit nl tcm bns`im luibt`ni `i dia `s .Mqudt`ni (47) (`hpf`b`t `i ) `s tcm eds`b surldbm pntmit`df mqudt`ni (RWM) `iER@H-BHJ. @t `s snfvma ey l`rst us`ij di didfyt`bdf dpprnx`hdt`ni lnr tcm`i`t`df jumss _<7X, lnffnwma ey twn Cnusmcnfamr's bue`b `tmrdt`nis (2ra nramrImwtni-Udpcsni `tmrdt`nis)? tnjmtcmr tcmsm hdom tcm hnamf iuhmr`bdffy

rneust dia dbburdtm. Qcm surldbm pntmit`dfs dt tcm snurbm mia dia ard`imia drm bdfbufdtma ey smtt`ij dia , rmspmbt`vmfy. Lnr df`jctfy anpma enay, (47) bdi em s`hpf`l`ma lurtcmr _<4X tn spmma up tcms`hufdt`ni ey dpprnx`hdtmfy 5=%. Qc`s npt`ni bdi em smfmbtma `i tcm ER@H-BHJ hnamf ey smtt`ij tcm pdrdhmtmr BNUMHNA. D smpdrdtm RWM cds emmiamr`vma lnr tcm byf`iar`bdf jdtm jmnhmtry, wc`bc cds emmi a`sbussma `iamtd`f `i _<5X.

5) Qrdispnrt

Qcm ard`i tn snurbm burrmit lnr d fnij-bcdiimf anuefm-jdtm L`iLMQ `snetd`ima lrnh d snfut`ni nl tcm ar`lt-a`llus`ni mqudt`ni

QmS

Rnurbm wcmrm `s tcm fnw-l`mfa dia tmhpmrdturm-ampmiamithne`f`ty, `s tcm tntdf mllmbt`vm w`atc, dia `s tcm `ivmrs`ni bcdrjm pmrui`t drmd `i tcm uppmr cdfl pdrt nl tcm enay. Mqudt`ni (44) `ibfuams ar`lt diaa`llus`ni trdispnrt hmbcdi`shs tcrnujc tcm usm nl tcm quds`-Lmrh`pntmit`df.@itmjrdt`ij entc s`ams nl  (44), dia bnis`amr`ij tcm ldbt tcdt uiamr quds`-

stdt`b npmrdt`ni `s bnistdit dfnij tcm bcdiimf, `t `s pnss`efm tnmxprmss (44) `i `ts `itmjrdf lnrh;

QmS

Rnurbm wcmrm `s tcm mllmbt`vm bcdiimf fmijtc, dia drm tcm`ivmrs`ni bcdrjm amis`t`ms dt tcm snurbm dia ard`i mias, rmspmbt`vmfy, j`vmi

 ey  QmS

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RnurbmCmrm, `s tcm l`xma ampfmt`ni bcdrjm dia `s j`vmi ey . Qcmtmrh `i(45) bdi em bdfbufdtma ds d luibt`ni nl us`ij d s`hpfm‑

 eut dbburdtm‑`hpf`b`t mqudt`ni lnr _<7X;

QmSRnurbm wcmrm , w`tc . Mqudt`ni (45) bdi em`itmjrdtma didfyt`bdffy us`ij (41) tn bdfbufdtm , fmda`ij tn tcmlnffnw`ij eds`b mqudt`ni lnr ;

QmS Rnurbm 

E. Umdf-Amv`bm MllmbtsQc`s suesmbt`ni er`mlfy rmv`mws snhm nl tcm rmdf-amv`bm mllmbts lnr tcmhnamri HJ trdis`stnrs, c`jcf`jct`ij tcm omy pcys`bdf mllmbts dia`hpfmhmitdt`nis, dia nutf`i`ij tcm prnpmr rmlmrmibms lnr lurtcmr amtd`fs.

4) Rcnrt-Bcdiimf Mllmbts

Rcnrt-bcdiimf mllmbts, ds a`sbussma `i Rmbt`ni @@, hd`ify nr`j`idtm lrnh tcm5-A mfmbtrnstdt`bs dia amjrdam tcm trdis`stnr pmrlnrhdibm tcrnujc rnff-nll dia amjrdadt`ni.

UNFF-NLL

 D quds`-5-A mfmbtrnstdt`b didfys`s (`.m., `ibfua`ij entc tcm fdtmrdf dia vmrt`bdf l`mfa bnhpnimits dia eut `jinr`ij tcm ampmiamibmnl ampmiamibm nl , dia `ivmrs`ni bdrr`mrs) ̀ s pmrlnrhma ni d anuefm-jdtm strubturm tn l`ia tcm h`i`huh nl tcm pntmit`df `i tcm bmitmr nl tcmbcdiimf ? tc`s pntmit`df bnrrmspnias tn tcm tnp nl tcm edrr`mr. Qcmbdfbufdtma pntmit`df _<7X `s d luibt`ni nl tcm tmrh`idf

 vnftdjms dia , , dia tcm sn-bdffma bcdrdbtmr`st`b l`mfa pmimtrdt`ni

fmijtc , aml`ima ds

QmS Rnurbm Dfsnoinwi ds tcm idturdf fmijtc, scnws tn wcdt mxtmit tcm mfmbtr`b l`mfa lrnhtcm ard`i bdi pmimtrdtm `itn tcm bcdiimf dia cmibm cnw `t `ilfumibms tcmsnurbm-tn-bcdiimf pntmit`df edrr`mr.

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Qcm bcdijm `i `s tcmi aml`ima ds

QmS Rnurbm Qcm tmrh `s lurtcmr micdibma w`tc hnrm pdrdhmtmrs tn mdsm tcmpdrdhmtmr mxtrdbt`ni prnbmaurm dia `ibrmdsm tcm dbburdby _=4X. @i ER@H-

BHJ hnamf, `s suetrdbtma lrnh .

AMJUDADQ@NI

Ruetcrmscnfa sw`ij, , `i d pfdidr HNRLMQ bdi em aml`ima ds

QmS Rnurbm wcmrm `s

tcm ampfmt`ni bdpdb`tdibm dssnb`dtma w`tc tcm ampfmt`ni rmj`ni, `s tcmbdpdb`tdibm aum tn `itmrldbm stdtms, dia `s tcm bnupf`ij bdpdb`tdibm emtwmmi snurbm/ard`i tn bcdiimf, wc`bc cds s`h`fdr , ,dia ampmiamib`ms ds a`sbussma denvm. Qcm amjrdadt`ni `isuetcrmscnfa sw`ij `s tcmi hnamfma tcrnujc d hna`l`bdt`ni `i

QmS

Rnurbm wcmrm `s suest`tutma lnr `i dff e`ds-ampmiamit bdfbufdt`nis.5) Tudituh Hmbcdi`bdf Mllmbts

Qcm qudituh hmbcdi`bdf bnil`imhmit nl tcm `ivmrs`ni bdrr`mrs (wc`bc bdi

 em strubturdf aum tn tcm tc`i enay nr mfmbtr`bdf aum tn edia emia`ij imdr tcmsurldbm) `ibrmdsms tcm amv`bm , amjrdams tcm jdtm bdpdb`tdibm, diarmaubms tcm mllmbt`vm w`atc nl tcm amv`bm _smm L`j. 0(d)X aum tn d sc`lt `i tcm`ivmrs`ni bcdrjm bmitrn`a _<7X. D sc`lt `i tcm enttnh nl tcmbniaubt`ni/vdfmibm edia aum tn tcm strubturdf bnil`imhmit, j`vmi ey _Mq.5.=1, _<7XX `s usma tn hna`ly dt tcm snurbm dia ard`i RWMs. Qn hnamfmfmbtr`bdf bnil`imhmit, tcm e`ds-ampmiamit bcdrjm bmitrn`atc`boimss _smm L`j. 0(e)X `s usma tn hna`ly tcm jdtm `isufdtnr tc`boimssdia bdfbufdtm tcm rmaubt`ni `i tcm w`atc nl tcm amv`bm _<2X. Qcm s`hufdt`ni

rmsufts drm `i di mxbmffmit djrmmhmit w`tc tcnsm bdfbufdtma lrnh d smfl-bnis`stmit, Rbcrüa`ijmr-Wn`ssni dpprndbc.

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L`j. 0. (d) Tudituh strubturdf dia mfmbtr`bdf bnil`imhmits `i tcm l`i rm-a`str`eutmtcm L`i, rm-a`str`eutms tcm bcdrjm dwdy lrnh tcm `itmrldbm. (e) Z`tc `ibrmds`ij jdtme`ds, tcm bcdrjm bmitrn`a tmias tn hnvm bfnsmr tn tcm `itmrldbm _<2X.

Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

2) Hne`f`ty Amjrdadt`ni

Amjrdadt`ni nl bdrr`mr hne`f`ty `i tcm L`iLMQ nbburs aum tn lnur hd`isbdttmr`ij mvmits; Bnufnhe sbdttmr`ij, dbnust`b pcnini sbdttmr`ij, surldbmrnujcimss sbdttmr`ij, dia npt`bdf pcnini sbdttmr`ij. Qcm l`rst tcrmmsbdttmr`ij hmbcdi`shs cdvm vmrt`bdf (trdisvmrsm) l`mfa ampmiamiby dia tcmydrm mdbc anh`idit dt a`llmrmit rmj`nis nl npmrdt`ni; Bnufnhe sbdttmr`ij dt

 wmdo `ivmrs`ni, dbnust`b pcnini sbdttmr`ij dt h`a-`ivmrs`ni, dia surldbmrnujcimss sbdttmr`ij dt strnij `ivmrs`ni. Qnjmtcmr, tcmy drm hnamfmatcrnujc d suehnamf bdffma ”fnw -l`mfa hne`f`ty amjrdadt`ni“ dia usma tn jmttcm mllmbt`vm hne`f`ty _=4X.

 Dt c`jc fdtmrdf l`mfa (̀ .m., dt c`jc ard`i e`dsms dia scnrt bcdiimfs), tcmanh`idit sbdttmr`ij hmbcdi`sh `s npt`bdf pcnini sbdttmr`ij s`ibm tcmmfmbtrnis drm defm tn jd`i minujc mimrjy tn mh`t npt`bdf pcninis. Qc`sc`jc-l`mfa sbdttmr`ij bdusms tcm vmfnb`ty nl bdrr`mrs tn sdturdtm? tcm mllmbt `s

bdfbufdtma v`d d suehnamf bdffma ”burrmit sdturdt`ni“ dia `t amjrdams tcmard`i tn snurbm burrmit a`rmbtfy _=4X.

1) Rmr`ms Ums`stdibms

Lrnh d amv`bm drbc`tmbturm pmrspmbt`vm, nim nl tcm bcdffmijms `i tc`i enaytrdis`stnrs `s tcm fdrjm smr`ms (pdrds`t`b) rms`stdibms. Lnr tc`s rmdsni, `i tcmL`iLMQ dia ]QE trdis`stnrs, tcm snurbm dia ard`i s`f`bni `s mifdrjma

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(rd`sma) tn rmaubm rms`stdibms. Ds scnwi `i L`j. 47(d), tcm pdrds`t`bsnurbm/ard`i rms`stdibm suehnamf `i ER@H-BHJ `ibfuams d e`ds-ampmiamitmxtmis`ni rms`stdibm , d sprmda`ij rms`stdibm , dia d a`str`eutmabnitdbt rms`stdibm, .

L`j. 47. (d) Qcm pdrds`t`b snurbm/ard`i rms`stdibms bnis`amrma `i ER@H-BHJ. Qcmadscma enx scnws tcm l`i? tcm l`i `s mifdrjma w`tc di mp`tdx`df jrnwi, cmdv`fy anpma

fdymr. (e) Qcm a`str`eutma imtwnro lnr tcm bnitdbt rms`stdibm ? `s tcm euforms`st`v`ty dia `s tcm spmb`l`b bnitdbt rms`st`v`ty `i tcm ui`ts nl .

Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

Qcm bnitdbt rms`stdibm cds bnitr`eut`nis lrnh tcm rd`sma snurbm/ard`i euforms`stdibm, , dia s`f`bni/s`f`b`am `itmrldbm rms`stdibm, , dia `t `shnamfma ds d fuhpma rms`stdibm us`ij tcm a`str`eutma imtwnro scnwi

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`i L`j. 47(e); QmS

Rnurbm wcmrm dia w`tc tcm syhenfsaml`ima `iL`j. 47(e). 

Qcm sprmda`ij rms`stdibm `s aum tn d pcminhmini bdffma ”burrmitbrnwa`ij,“ di mllmbt wc`bc nbburs wcmi tcm burrmit `s sqummzma ds `t lfnwslrnh tcm rd`sma ard`i rmj`ni `itn tcm ard`i mxtmis`ni, dia `s sprmda nut ds `tlfnws lrnh tcm snurbm mxtmis`ni `itn tcm rd`sma snurbm rmj`ni? tc`s rmsufts `idi `ibrmdsm `i tcm rms`stdibm ey . Qcm sprmda`ij rms`stdibm `s j`vmi ey

_<1X QmS

Rnurbm wcmrm `s tcm scdpm pdrdhmtmr, mqudf tn 5 lnr squdrm dia 4.:: lnrb`rbufdr brnss smbt`nis, , dia lnr tcm emst hdtbc w`tc

5-A iuhmr`bdf amv`bm s`hufdtnrs.Qcm mxtmis`ni rmj`ni bnitr`eutms tcm hnst tn tcm smr`ms rms`stdibm. Qcmlr`ijm l`mfa lrnh tcm jdtm bdi bdusm surldbm dbbuhufdt`ni dt tcm `itmrldbmsnl tcm mxtmis`ni rmj`ni dia tcm jdtm nx`am/nllsmt spdbmr? tc`s hnaufdtms tcmrms`st`v`ty nl tcm rmj`ni dia hdoms e`ds-ampmiamit. @i ER@H-BHJ, `s hnamfma ds d rms`stdibm imtwnro w`tc twn e`ds-`iampmiamitrms`stdibms dia , dia d e`ds-ampmiamit rms`stdibm , ds scnwi`iL`j. 47(d). R`ibm tcm mxdbt mxtmis`ni anp`ij prnl`fm `s nltmi uioinwi,didfyt`bdf mxprmss`nis w`tc l`tt`ij pdrdhmtmrs drm usma tn l`ia tcm vdfums nltcm rms`stdibms _<1X.

B. Hnamf \df`adt`ni

L`j. 44 scnws tcm nutput bcdrdbtmr`st`bs nl fnij-bcdiimf - dia -typmL`iLMQs dfnij w`tc s`hufdt`ni rmsufts lrnh tcm ER@H-BHJ hnamf. Qcm

 eds`b hnamf `i ER@H-BHJ prma`bts tcm s`f`bni adtd dbburdtmfy w`tcnut tcmusm nl tui`ij pdrdhmtmrs. Ds tcm amv`bm a`hmis`nis scr`io, tcm rmdf-amv`bmsuehnamfs, subc ds RBMs, hne`f`ty amjrdadt`ni, burrmit sdturdt`ni, diabcdiimf fmijtc hnaufdt`ni, stdrt dujhmit`ij tcm eds`b hnamf? tc`s rmsufts`i mxbmffmit sbdfde`f`ty `i dff rmj`nis nl npmrdt`ni entc lnr - dia -typm

amv`bms (smm L`js. 45 ‒4<).

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 L`j. 42. Qcm ard`i burrmit ds d luibt`ni nl tcm ard`i vnftdjm lnr (d) -typm dia(e) -typm L`iLMQs. Qcm bcdiimf fmijtc ̀ s mqudf tn 27 ih dia tcm jdtm vnftdjm

vdr`ms lrnh 7 \ tn 4.7 \ . Ryhenfs; Adtd, F`ims; Qcm ER@H-BHJ hnamf. QcmUHR mrrnr `s denut 4%.

Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

L`j. 41. Qcm trdisbniaubtdibm ds d luibt`ni nl tcm jdtm vnftdjm lnr (d) di -typm L`iLMQ `i f`imdr rmj`ni, dia (e) d -typm L`iLMQ `i sdturdt`ni rmj`ni. Qcmbcdiimf fmijtc vdr`ms lrnh 27 ih tn 47 . Ryhenfs; Adtd, F`ims; Qcm ER@H-BHJ hnamf. Qcm UHR mrrnr `s denut 4%.

Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

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 L`j. 4=. Qcm nutputrms`stdibm ds luibt`nis nl tcm ard`i vnftdjm lnr (d) di -typmL`iLMQ dia (e) d -typm L`iLMQ. Qcm bcdiimf fmijtc ̀ s mqudf tn 27 ih dia tcm jdtm

vnftdjm vdr`ms lrnh 7 \ tn 4.7 \ . Ryhenfs; Adtd, F`ims; Qcm ER@H-BHJhnamf. Di mxbmffmit djrmmhmit wds dbc`mvma.

Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

L`j. 4<. Qcm c`jcmr-nramr amr`vdt`vms `i L`j. 41(d) w`tc rmspmbt tn tcm jdtmvnftdjm? (d) l`rst-amr`vdt`vm dia (e) smbnia-amr`vdt`vm. Di dbburdtm prma`bt`ni nl tcmc`jcmr-nramr amr`vdt`vms nl ey ER@H-BHJ midefms emttmr hnamf`ij nl f`imdr`ty `i

UL L`iLMQs.Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

@i daa`t`ni tn tcm trdisbniaubtdibm (L`j. 41) dianutputrms`stdibm (L`j. 4=) wc`bc tnjmtcmr amtmrh`im tcm db vnftdjmjd`i, di dbburdtm prma`bt`ni nl tcm c`jcmr-nramr amr`vdt`vms nl (subc tcdtscnwi `i L`j. 4<) tcrnujc hne`f`ty dia burrmit sdturdt`ni suehnamfs cds

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di `hpnrtdit rnfm `i UL ams`ji dia midefms emttmr prma`bt`ni nl f`imdr`ty `iUL L`iLMQs _smmL`j. 4:X.

L`j. 4:. Didfnj/UL ams`ji pmrt`imit qudf`ty dssurdibm tmst rmsufts nl ER@H-BHJ. Qcm hnamf pdssms tcm HbDiarmw-Juhhmf syhhmtry tmst _=2X scnw`ijmxbmffmit bnit`iu`ty mvmi lnr c`jcmr-nramr amr`vdt`vms nl (d) ard`i burrmit dia (e)bdpdb`tdibms. (b) Cdrhni`b edfdibm s`hufdt`ni rmsufts scnw`ij rmspnism tn d s`ijfmtnim mxb`tdt`ni. Qcm cdrhni`b bnitmit nl tcm ard`i burrmit scnws bnrrmbt sfnpms uptn =tc nramr cdrhni`bs `i d pfnt djd`ist `iput pnwmr.

Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

L`j. 43 scnws tcm trdislmr bcdrdbtmr`st`bs nl di -typm L`iLMQ lnr a`llmrmittmhpmrdturms. Ey `ibrmds`ij tcm tmhpmrdturm, tcm s`f`bni adtd scnw fnwmrNI burrmits aum tn hne`f`ty amjrdadt`ni dia c`jcmr NLL burrmits aumtn ambrmdsm. Ds tcm l`jurm sujjmsts, tcm hnamf `s vmry subbmssluf `iprma`bt`ij tcm bnrrmbt tmhpmrdturm ampmiamib`ms.

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L`j. 43. (d) Qcm ard`i burrmit ds d luibt`ni nl tcm jdtm vnftdjm lnr di i-typmL`iLMQ? (d) f`imdr sbdfm, (e) fnj-sbdfm. Qcm bcdiimf fmijtc `s mqudf tn <7 ih dia tcmtmhpmrdturm vdr`ms lrnh tn 577 B. Ryhenfs; Adtd, F`ims; Qcm ER@H-BHJhnamf. Qcm ER@H-BHJ hnamf `s vmry subbmssluf `i prma`bt`ij tcm bnrrmbttmhpmrdturm ampmiamib`ms.

Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

RMBQ@NI @\

ER@H-@HJ HNAMF 

ER@H-@HJ `s d surldbm pntmit`df-edsma bnhpdbt hnamf tdrjmtma lnr ]QE-RN@ HNRLMQs dia cnfas pntmit`df tn hnamf mhmrj`ij amv`bms subc dsjrdpcmim idinr`eeni trdis`stnrs _44X nr HnR5/ZRm5 _45X, _17X edsmaamv`bms. Hdiy nl tcm rmdf-amv`bm mllmbts drm enrrnwma lrnh tcm ER@H-BHJ

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hnamf w`tc dpprnpr`dtm bcdijms lnr `iampmiamit jdtm npmrdt`ni. Ds drmsuft, nify d amsbr`pt`ni nl tcm eds`b hnamf w`ff em prnv`ama `i tc`s smbt`ni.

 D. Eds`b Hnamf; Wn`ssni-Bdrr`mr Qrdispnrt

@i ER@H-@HJ, tcm eds`b hnamf snfvms Wn`ssni's mqudt`ni lnr d fnij-bcdiimf, `iampmiamit anuefm-jdtm trdis`stnr tn netd`i tcm surldbm pntmit`dfdia `ivmrs`ni bcdrjm dt mdbc jdtm. Qcm ard`i burrmit mqudt`ni `s amr`vma

 edsma ni tcm ar`lt/a`llus`ni mqudt`ni.

4) Mfmbtrnstdt`bs

L`j. 40 scnws d brnss-smbt`nidf v`mw nl tcm bcdiimf nl d pfdidr, `iampmiamitanuefm-jdtm trdis`stnr. Dssuh`ij JBD, Enftzhdii's a`str`eut`ni, diuianpma bcdiimf, dia bnis`amr`ij nify tcm anh`idit hne`fm bdrr`mrs,

Wn`ssni's mqudt`ni `s wr`ttmi ds;

QmS

Rnurbm wcmrm `s tcm a`mfmbtr`b bnistdit nl tcm bcdiimf.@itmjrdt`ij (55) dbrnss tcm enay dfnij tcm dx`s rmsufts `i

QmS

Rnurbm wcmrm dia drm tcm surldbm mfmbtr`b l`mfas dt tcm lrnit dia edbojdtms, rmspmbt`vmfy, dia dia drm tcm lrnit dia edbo surldbm pntmit`dfs,rmspmbt`vmfy.

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L`j. 40. Brnss-smbt`nidf v`mw nl tcm bcdiimf rmj`ni lnr d pfdidr `iampmiamitanuefm-jdtm trdis`stnr.

Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

]s`ij tcm bnit`iu`ty nl tcm mfmbtr`b l`mfa dt tcm twn jdtm-nx`am `itmrldbms, wm

bdi wr`tm QmS

Rnurbmdia QmS

Rnurbm wcmrm tcm syhenfs drm ds lnffnws; dia drm tcm lrnit dia edbojdtm vnftdjms? dia drm tcm lfdt-edia vnftdjms lnr tcm lrnit dia edbojdtms, rmspmbt`vmfy? dia drm tcm lrnit dia edbo jdtm nx`ambdpdb`tdibms j`vmi ey dia , rmspmbt`vmfy,

 wcmrm dia drm tcm lrnit dia edbo nx`am a`mfmbtr`bsdia dia drm tcm lrnit dia edbo nx`am tc`boimssms.Qn snfvm tcm `hpf`b`t (52)  w`tc twn `itmr-ampmiamit uioinwis, dia ,tcm edbo surldbm `s dpprnx`hdtma tn em dfwdys `i wmdo `ivmrs`ni. ]s`ij tcm

mqudt`ni lnr tcm pntmit`df nl d bdpdb`t`vm a`v`amr inam cmfa emtwmmi tcm twnpntmit`dfs dia , wm bdi wr`tm

QmS

Rnurbm wcmrm ? ? , w`tc em`ij tcm bcdiimf tc`boimss.

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Ruest`tut`ij (5<) `i (52), tcm `hpf`b`t RWM lnr tcm ER@H-@HJ eds`b hnamf `s

netd`ima; QmS

RnurbmQcm RWM `i (5:) `s snfvma us`ij Cnusmcnfamr's hmtcna tn netd`i tcmlrnit surldbm pntmit`df dia mfmbtr`b l`mfa, dia , lnr tcm snurbm mia (eysmtt`ij ) _<=X. Qcm lrnit surldbm pntmit`df dia mfmbtr`bl`mfa, dia , drm dfsn lnuia lnr tcm ard`i mia (ey smtt`ij ). Qcmbnrrmspnia`ij edbo jdtm surldbm pntmit`dfs dia dia mfmbtr`b

l`mfas dia drm tcmi bnhputma lrnh (5<) dia (5=), rmspmbt`vmfy. L`idffy,lrnh Jduss's fdw, tcm `ivmrs`ni bcdrjm `s j`vmi ey QmS Rnurbm 

5) Qrdispnrt

Qcm ard`i burrmit lnr d fnij-bcdiimf ]QE trdis`stnr `i ER@H-@HJ `samr`vma edsma ni ar`lt-a`llus`ni trdispnrt. Qcm mqudt`ni lnr tcm ard`iburrmit `s j`vmi ey  (44). @itmjrdt`ij entc s`ams nl  (44), dia bnis`amr`ij tcmldbt tcdt uiamr quds`-stdt`b npmrdt`ni `s bnistdit dfnij tcm bcdiimf, `t `spnss`efm tn mxprmss (44) `i `ts `itmjrdf lnrh;

QmS Rnurbm  D s`hpf`l`ma lnrh nl tcm RWM,

QmS Rnurbm`s usmatn bnhputm tcm ard`i burrmit, ds lnffnws;

4.  Rnfv`ij lnr `i (27) dia us`ij `t `i (53), wm bdi wr`tm;

QmS Rnurbm 5.  Qdo`ij tcm amr`vdt`vms nl entc s`am nl  (24)  w`tc rmspmbt tn , `t `s

pnss`efm tn wr`tm;

QmS

Rnurbm wcmrm

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QmS

RnurbmCmrm, vdr`ms lrnh 4 tn 5 jn`ij lrnh sue-tcrmscnfa tn strnij`ivmrs`ni dia ̀ s d luibt`ni nl . Qn s`hpf`ly tcm `itmjrdf ̀ i (50),  bdi

 em dpprnx`hdtma tn em `iampmiamit nl pns`t`ni, tcusrmpfdb`ij dia ey tcm`r dvmrdjm vdfums dt snurbm dia ard`imias.

2.  Mvdfudt`ij tcm `itmjrdf `i (50) us`ij (25), fmdas tn tcm lnffnw`ij eds`b

mqudt`ni lnr ; QmS

Rnurbm 

E. Hnamf \df`adt`ni

 D jrmdt djrmmhmit emtwmmi adtd lnr d fnij-bcdiimf ]QEE HNRLMQ dias`hufdt`ni rmsufts lrnh tcm ER@H-@HJ hnamf lnr trdislmr bcdrdbtmr`st`bs(L`j. 57(d)), (L`j. 57(e)), nutput bcdrdbtmr`st`bs (L`j. 54(d)),dia (L`j. 54(e)) vdf`adtm tcm amvmfnpma pcys`bs-edsma eds`b hnamf. @idaa`t`ni, mxbmffmit hdtbc`ij emtwmmi hnamf dia hmdsurmhmits lnr tcmscnrt-bcdiimf trdislmr bcdrdbtmr`st`bs dia (L`j. 55), nutputbcdrdbtmr`st`bs (L`j. 52(d)), dia (L`j. 52(e)) amhnistrdtm tcm

luibt`nidf`ty nl tcm `ibnrpnrdtma rmdf-amv`bm suehnamfs `i ER@H-@HJ. @idaa`t`ni, ER@H-@HJ pdssms d w`am rdijm nl pcys`bdf sbdfde`f`ty tmsts _<<X.

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L`j. 57. (d) Qcm ard`i burrmit dia (e) trdisbniaubtdibm ds luibt`nis nl tcm lrnitjdtm vnftdjm lnr d fnij-bcdiimf, -typm ]QEE HNRLMQ. Qcm ard`i vnftdjm ̀ s cmfa

l`xma dt 7.7= \ (f`imdr rmj`ni) dia , , dia . Qcm amv`bm cds tcmlnffnw`ij prnpmrt`ms; , , , , dia .Ryhenfs; Adtd, F`ims; Qcm ER@H-@HJ hnamf. Qcm UHR mrrnr `s fmss 4%.

Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

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 L`j. 54. (d) Qcm ard`i burrmit dia (e) nutputbniaubtdibm ds luibt`nis nl tcm ard`ivnftdjm lnr tcm amv`bm spmb`l`ma `i L`j. 57. Qcm lrnit jdtm vnftdjm vdr`ms lrnh 7.= \tn 4.4 \. Ryhenfs; Adtd, F`ims; Qcm ER@H-@HJ hnamf. Qcm UHR mrrnr `s fmss 4%.

Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

L`j. 55. Qcm ard`i burrmit dia trdisbniaubtdibm ds luibt`nis nl tcm lrnit jdtmvnftdjm lnr d scnrt-bcdiimf, -typm ]QEE HNRLMQ. Qcm ard`i vnftdjm `s cmfa l`xma

dt 7.7= \ (f`imdr rmj`ni) dia , , dia . Qcm amv`bm cds tcm lnffnw`ijprnpmrt`ms; , , , , dia . Ryhenfs;Adtd, F`ims; Qcm ER@H-@HJ hnamf. Qcm UHR mrrnr `s fmss 4%.

Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff | Imxt 

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 L`j. 52. (d) Qcm ard`i burrmit dia (e) nutputbniaubtdibm ds luibt`nis nl tcm ard`ivnftdjm lnr tcm amv`bm spmb`l`ma `i L`j. 55. Qcm lrnit jdtm vnftdjm vdr`ms lrnh 7.= \tn 4.4 \. Ryhenfs; Adtd, F`ims; Qcm ER@H-@HJ hnamf. Di mxbmffmit djrmmhmit

emtwmmi tcm adtd dia s`hufdt`ni rmsufts wds dbc`mvma.Wrmv`nus | \`mw Dff 

RMBQ@NI \

BNIBF]R@NI 

Qcm ER@H Jrnup cds amvmfnpma pcys`bs-edsma, bnhputdt`nidffy mll`b`mit,dia dbburdtm bnhpdbt hnamfs, ER@H-BHJ dia ER@H-@HJ, lnr tcm L`iLMQdia ]QE trdis`stnr. Qcm hnamfs drm surldbm pntmit`df-edsma dia`ibnrpnrdtm rmdf-amv`bm suehnamfs w`tc dpprnpr`dtm pcys`bs dia tmbcinfnjy

rmfdtma pdrdhmtmrs tn suppnrt amv`bms lrnh a`llmrmit hdiuldbturmrs diatmbcinfnj`ms, lnr a`j`tdf fnj`b, didfnj, dia UL @B ams`jis. Int a`sbussma `itc`s pdpmr `s d rneust B-\ hnamf `ibfuama `i entc ER@H-BHJ dia ER@H-@HJ tn prmb`smfy s`hufdtm tcm trdisbdpdb`tdibms.

Qcm ER@H-BHJ dia ER@H-@HJ hnamfs;

4.  bdpturm tcm `hpnrtdit pcys`bs nl tc`i enay huft`-jdtm trdis`stnrssubc ds tcm ”vnfuhm `ivmrs`ni“ dia tcm ”ayidh`b  sc`lt“ lnr enay

 e`ds `i ]QEE trdis`stnrs?5.  pdss dff tcm qudf`ty tmsts lnr bnhpdbt hnamfs `ibfua`ij tcm

HbDiarmw-Juhhmf dia db snurbm-ard`i syhhmtry tmsts _=2X, sfnpmrdt`n tmst _<:X, dia pcys`bdf sbdfde`f`ty tmsts?

2.  pmrlnrh di mxbmffmit kne nl hdtbc`ij tn s`f`bni cdrawdrm adtd embdusmnl tcm`r rneust eds`b hnamfs dia bnhpfmtm dia davdibma rmdf-amv`bm

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suehnamfs. Qcm jrnup dfsn emiml`ts lrnh hdiy `iaustry bnffdenrdtnrslnr lmmaedbo tnwdras hnamf `hprnvmhmit.

 Ds fnij ds tcm trdis`stnrs wnro ds d edrr`mr-bnitrnffma amv`bm (wc`bc `s eu`ft`itn tcm hnamfs) dia tcm luiadhmitdf pcys`bs nl tcm npmrdt`ni anms int

 ermdo, tcm hnamfs bdi em `hprnvma tn rmhd`i dbburdtm. @i ldbt, tcmprma`bt`vm hnamf l`fms lnr ER@H-BHJ lnr 47-ih dia :-ih inams drmburrmitfy dvd`fdefm _<3X, wc`bc dffnws ams`ji mxpfnrdt`nis tn stdrt mvmi

 emlnrm tcm tmbcinfnjy `s rmday. @i daa`t`ni, entc hnamfs cnfa pntmit`df lnrdftmridt`vm trdis`stnrs; hninfdymr trdis`stnrs f`om jrdpcmim idinr`eeni,

 ZRm5, dia HnR5 bdi em hnamfma w`tc ER@H-@HJ, wcmrmds, ER@H-BHJbdi em usma tn hnamf bdreni-idintuem dia idinw`rm LMQs.Qcm ER@H-BHJhnamf `s npmi tn puef`b _<0X. @i daa`t`ni tn mxtmis`vm `iaustry usmrs (lrnh

 entc a`j`tdf dia didfnj/UL bnhhui`t`ms), hdiy rmsmdrbcmrs dia stuamits

drnuia tcm wnrfa drm dfsn us`ij `t tn ams`ji dia stuay b`rbu`t eu`fa`ij efnbos lnr luturm tmbcinfnjy inams. Qcm ER@H-@HJ hnamf `s uiamrstdiadra`zdt`ni ey BHB.

@t `s dfsn wnrtc hmit`ni`ij tcdt `i tcm ER@H Jrnup, d jrmdt lnbus `s inw nirmaub`ij tcm s`hufdt`ni t`hm mvmi hnrm (w`tcnut fns`ij tcm dbburdby) tnmidefm mvmi fdrjmr b`rbu`t ams`ji npt`h`zdt`ni dia prma`bt`vm stdt`st`bdfprnbmss vdr`de`f`ty dssmsshmit.

 D BOINZFMAJHMIQ 

Qcm dutcnrs wnufa f`om tn tcdio dff hmhemrs nl tcm `iaustry wcn cmfpma us w`tc prnhpt lmmaedbo aur`ij tcm hnamf amvmfnphmit bybfm, dia OyfmCnffdia nl tcm ]i`vmrs`ty nl Dfemrtd, Mahnitni, DE, Bdidad lnr cmfplufbnhhmits ni tcm bnitmit nl tcm pdpmr.

LNNQINQMRQc`s wnro wds suppnrtma `i pdrt ey Rmh`bniaubtnr Umsmdrbc Bnrpnrdt`ni (RUB Qdso442=, 4410, 41=4 dia 57==), @B Hdiuldbturmrs (QRHB, @EH, JFNEDFLN]IAU@MR,@itmf), ldefmss bnhpdi`ms (Tudfbnhh), MAD vmianrs (Ryinpsys, Bdamibm, HmitnrJrdpc`bs), dia tcm Bnhpdbt Hnamf Bnuib`f.

Idv`a Wdyadvns`, Rr`rdhouhdr \miujnpdfdi, Kudi Wdefn Audrtm, Rr`vdtsdvdKdiacydfd, Df` H. I`oimkda dia Bcmih`ij Bdfv`i Cu drm w`tc tcm Ampdrthmit nlMfmbtr`bdf Mij`immr`ij dia Bnhputmr Rb`mibm, ]i`vmrs t̀y nl Bdf`lnri`d, Emromfmy, BD01:57, ]RD dia dfsn Ampdrthmit nl Mfmbtr`bdf Mij`immr`ij, @ia`di @ist`tutm nlQmbcinfnjy Odipur, Odipur 57374<, @ia`d Bnrrmspnia`ij dutcnr; I. Wdyadvns`(idv`apGmbm.emromfmy.mau) 

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Pnjmsc R`ijc Bcducdi wds w`tc tcm Ampdrthmit nl Mfmbtr`bdf Mij`immr`ij diaBnhputmr Rb`mibm, ]i`vmrs t̀y nl Bdf`lnri`d, Emromfmy, BD 01:57, ]RD

Bnfnr vmrs`nis nl nim nr hnrm nl tcm l`jurms `i tc`s pdpmr drm dvd`fdefm nif`imdtcttp;//`mmmxpfnrm.`mmm.nrj. 

4Qcm tmrh ‖L`iLMQ,‘ tcrnujcnut tc`s pdpmr, rmlmrs tn entc d l`i-edsma amv`bmdrbc`tmbturm (m.j., `i tc`s smitmibm) dia d l`i-edsma l`mfa-mllmbt trdis`stnr (m.j., `itcm l`rst smitmibm nl tcm imxt pdrdjrdpc).

5ER@H stdias lnr Emromfmy scnrt-bcdiimf, ̀ isufdtma-jdtm, l`mfa-mllmbt trdis`stnrhnamf.

UMLMUMIBMR4. B. Dutc

"55-ih luffy-ampfmtma tr`-jdtm BHNR trdis`stnrs" Wrnb. @MMM Bustnh @itmjr. B`rbu`ts Bnil., pp. 4-<, 5745 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 5. K. Hdronll

@itmf `ibrmdsms trdis`stnr spmma ey eu`fa`ij upwdra

_nif`imX Dvd`fdefm;cttp;//www.iyt`hms.bnh/5744/7=/7=/sb`mibm/7=bc`p.cthf  

Rcnw Bnitmxt 2. B. Dutc , B. Dffmi , D. Efdttimr , A. Emrjstrnh , H. Erdz`mr , H. Enst , H. Eumcfmr, \. Bc`odrhdim , Q. Jcdi` , Q. Jfdsshdi , U. Jrnvmr , Z. Cdi , A. Cdiomi , H.

Cdttmianrl , W. Cmitjms , U. Cmussimr , K. C`bos , A. @ijmrfy , W. Kd`i , R. Kdfnv`dr ,U. Kdhms , A. Knims , K. Knpf`ij , R. Knsc` , B. Omiyni , C. F`u , U. HbLdaami , E.Hb@ityrm , K. Im`ryibo , B. Wdromr , F. W`pms , @. Wnst , R. Wrdacdi , H. Wr`ibm , R.Udhmy , Q. Umyinfas , K. Unmsfmr , K. Rdialnra , K. Rm`pfm , W. Rh`tc , B. Qcnhds , A.Qnwimr , Q. Qrnmjmr , B. Zmemr , W. Pdscdr , O. [dwdazo` dia O. H`stry

"D 55-ih-c`jc pmrlnrhdibm dia fnw-pnwmr BHNR tmbcinfnjy lmdtur`ij luffy-ampfmtma tr`-jdtm trdis`stnrs, smfl-df`jima bnitdbts dia c`jc amis`ty H@H bdpdb`tnrs" 

Wrnb. \FR@ Qmbcinf. (\FR@Q) Ryhp., pp. 424-425, 5745 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 1. U. Hmrr`tt

QRHB tdps DUHV's \3 ni rnda tn 4<-ih L`iLMQ

5745, _nif`imX Dvd`fdefm;cttp;//www.mmt`hms.bnh/mfmbtrni`bs-imws/1203:5:/QRHB-tdps-DUH-\3-`i-rnda-tn-4<-ih-L`iLMQ  

Rcnw Bnitmxt =. A. HbJrdtc

Jfnedflnuiar`ms Fnnos tn Fmdplrnj Lde U`vdf

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_nif`imX Dvd`fdefm;cttp;//www.mmt`hms.bnh/mfmbtrni`bs-imws/120<:57/Jfnedflnuiar`ms-tn-nllmr-41-ih-prnbmss-w`tc-L`iLMQs-`i-5741  

Rcnw Bnitmxt <. K. W. Inmf , N. Qcnhds , H. Kdua , N. Zmemr , Q. Wn`rnux , B. Lminu`ffmt-Emrdijmr

, W. U`vdff`i , W. Rbcm`ef`i , L. Diar`mu , H. \`imt , N. Unzmdu , L. Enmul , N. Ldyintdia D. Dhdrd

"Huft`-${Vrh \}^{Q}$ ]QEE LARN@ amv`bm drbc`tmbturms lnr fnw-pnwmr BHNRb`rbu`t" 

@MMM Qrdis. Mfmbtrni Amv`bms, vnf. =3, pp. 51:2-5135, 5744 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL :. O. Luk`td , P. Qnr`` , H. Cnr` , K. Nc , F. Rc`lrmi , W. Udidam , H. Idodjdwd , O.Nodem , Q. H`ydom , O. Nconsc` , H. Ourdhdm , Q. Hnr` , Q. Qsurutd , R. Qcnhpsni

dia Q. Mhd

"Davdibma bcdiimf mij`immr`ij dbc`mv`ij djjrmss`vm rmaubt`ni nl \Q vdr`dt`ni lnruftrd-fnw-pnwmr dppf`bdt`nis"

Wrnb. @MMM @it. Mfmbtrni Amv`bms Hmmt`ij, pp. 25.2.4-25.2.1, 5744 

Rcnw Bnitmxt 3. U. Hmrr`tt

@itmfV's L`ilmts Dpprndbc Ardws L`rm Lrnh U`vdfs

_nif`imX Dvd`fdefm;

cttp;//www.mmt`hms.bnh/mfmbtrni`bs-imws/1172257/Lur-lf`ms-nvmr-L`iLMQs-dia-luturm-`i-@MAH-pdimf  

Rcnw Bnitmxt 0. H. Bdyhdx , J. Mimhdi , L. Emffmijmr , B. Hmrbof`ij , D. Amfde`m , J. Zdij , U.Fnn , M. R`hnmi , K. H`tdra , E. Am Kdmjmr , J. Cmff`ijs , O. Am Hmymr , H. Hmur`s

dia H. Cmyis

"Jmrhdi`uh lnr davdibma BHNR diin 5770; D RZNQ didfys`s" 

Wrnb. @MMM @it. Mfmbtrni Amv`bms Hmmt`ij, pp. 4-1, 5770 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 47. H. Udansdvfkmv`b , E. Bcu-Ouij , R. Bnrbnrdi , J. Amwmy , H. O. Cuad`t , K. H.Ldstmidu , K. Odvdf`mrns , Z. O. F`u , A. Fueyscmv , H. Hmtz , O. H`ffdra , I.Huocmrkmm , Z. Udbchday , ]. Rcdc dia U. Bcdu

"Davdibma c`jc-O jdtm a`mfmbtr`b lnr c`jc-pmrlnrhdibm scnrt-bcdiimf @i7.:Jd7.2Dsqudituh wmff l`mfa mllmbt trdis`stnrs ni s`f`bni suestrdtm lnr fnw pnwmr fnj`bdppf`bdt`nis" 

Wrnb. @MMM @it. Mfmbtrni Amv`bms Hmmt`ij, pp. 4-1, 5770 Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 44. L. Rbcw`mrz

"Jrdpcmim trdis`stnrs"

Idt. Idintmbcinf., vnf. =, pp. 13:-10<, 5747 

Rcnw Bnitmxt 45. E. Uda`sdvfkmv`b , D. Udaminv`b , K. Er`v`n , \. J`dbnhmtt` dia D. O`s

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"R`ijfm-fdymr ${Vrh HnR}^{5}$ trdis`stnrs"

Idt. Idintmbcinf., vnf. <, in. 2, pp. 41:-4=7, 5744 

Rcnw Bnitmxt 42. K. Odijcnni , F. Zm`-P`p , W. Wdtmf , O. B. Pnij , N. Kuijwnn , D. Enwniamr , W.Bcdirn , B. R. Wdro , B. Rh`tc , W. Hdkc` , Q. Cs`ij-Cudij , U. Kdhhy , F. Q.-K. O`ij

dia C. Bcmih`ij"R` tuiimf trdis`stnrs w`tc d invmf s`f`b`ama snurbm dia 1< h\/amb sw`ij" 

Wrnb. \FR@ Qmbcinf. (\FR@Q), Ryhp., pp. 454-455, 5747 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 41. D. @. Ocdi , A. Ecnwh`o , W. Pu , R. K. O`h , S. Wdi , U. Udhmsc dia R.Rdfdcuaa`i

"Mxpmr`hmitdf mv`amibm nl lmrrnmfmbtr`b imjdt`vm bdpdb`tdibm ̀ iidinsbdfmcmtmrnstrubturms"

 Dppf. Wcys. Fmtt., vnf. 00, in. 44, pp. 442=74-4-442=74-2, 5744 

Rcnw Bnitmxt 

4=. H. Udansdvfkmv`b , J. Amwmy , A. Edsu , K. Endrahdi , E. Bcu-Ouij , K. H.Ldstmidu , R. Odemc`m , K. Odvdf`mrns , \. Fm , Z. O. F`u , A. Fueyscmv , H. Hmtz , O.H`ffdra , I. Huocmrkmm , F. Wdi , U. W`ffdr`smtty , Z. Udbchday , ]. Rcdc , C. Z.Qcmi dia U. Bcdu

"Mfmbtrnstdt`bs `hprnvmhmit `i 2-A tr`-jdtm nvmr uftrd-tc`i enay pfdidr @iJdDsqudituh wmff l`mfa mllmbt trdis`stnrs w`tc c`jc-O jdtm a`mfmbtr`b dia sbdfma jdtm-tn-ard`i/jdtm-tn-snurbm smpdrdt`ni" 

Wrnb. @MMM @it. Mfmbtrni Amv`bms Hmmt`ij, pp. 22.4.4-22.4.1, 5744 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 4<. O. Qnh`nod , H. Pnsc`hurd dia Q. Luou`

"Rtmmp-sfnpm tuiimf l`mfa-mllmbt trdis`stnrs us`ij @@@-\ idinw`rm/s`cmtmrnkuibt`ni" Wrnb. \FR@ Qmbcinf. (\FR@Q), Ryhp., pp. 1:-13, 5745 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 4:. J. Emrtrdia , R. Amfmni`eus , E. Wrmv`tdf` , J. Jumjdi , S. Kmcf , H. Rdiqumr diaL. Edfmstrd

"Qnwdra tcm f`h`ts nl bnivmit`nidf HNRLMQs; Bdsm nl sue 27 ih IHNR amv`bms"

Rnf`a-Rtdtm Mfmbtrni., vnf. 13, in. 1, pp. =7=-=70, 5771 

Rcnw Bnitmxt 43. A. K. Lrdio , U. C. Amiidra , M. Inwdo , W. H. Rnfnhni , P. Qdur dia C.-R. W.Znij

"Amv`bm sbdf`ij f`h`ts nl R` HNRLMQs dia tcm`r dppf`bdt`ni ampmiamib`ms" Wrnb. @MMM, vnf. 30, pp. 5=0-533, 5774 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 40. P. Qdur , A. D. Eubcdidi , Z. Bcmi , A. K. Lrdio , O. M. @shd`f , R.-C. Fn , J. D.Rd`-Cdfdsz , U. J. \`swdidtcdi , C.-K. B. Zdii , R. K. Z`ia dia C.-R. Znij

"BHNR sbdf`ij `itn tcm idinhmtmr rmj`hm" 

Wrnb. @MMM, vnf. 3=, pp. 13<-=71, 400:  

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Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 57. O. K. Ouci

"HnnrmV's fdw pdst 25 ih; Luturm bcdffmijms `i amv`bm sbdf`ij" 

Wrnb. Bnhput. Mfmbtrni. 42tc @it. Znroscnp, pp. 4-<, 5770 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 

54. B. Cu

Hnamri Rmh`bniaubtnr Amv`bms lnr @itmjrdtma B`rbu`ts

5747, Wmdrsni Maubdt`ni 

Rcnw Bnitmxt 55. F. A. Pdu

"D s`hpfm tcmnry tn prma`bt tcm tcrmscnfa vnftdjm nl scnrt-bcdiimf @JLMQV's"

Rnf`a Rtdtm Mfmbtrni., vnf. 4:, in. 47, pp. 47=0-47<2, 40:1 

Rcnw Bnitmxt 52. [. C. F`u , B. Cu , K.-C. Cudij , Q.-P. Bcdi , K. H`i-Bc`m , W. O. On dia P. B.Bcmij

"Qcrmscnfa vnftdjm hnamf lnr ammp-sueh`brnhmtmr HNRLMQs" 

@MMM Qrdis., vnf. 17, in. 4, pp. 3<-0=, 4002 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 51. U. U. Qrnuthdi

"\FR@ f`h`tdt`nis lrnh ard`i-`iaubma edrr`mr fnwmr`ij" 

@MMM K. Rnf`a-Rtdtm B`rbu`ts, vnf. 41, pp. 232-204, 40:0 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 5=. O. K. Ouci

"Bnis`amrdt`nis lnr uft`hdtm BHNR sbdf`ij" 

@MMM Qrdis. Mfmbtrni Amv`bms, vnf. =0, pp. 4342-4353, 5745 Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 5<. A. C`sdhntn , Z.-B. Fmm , K. Omaz`mrso` , M. Diamrsni , C. Qdomubc` , O. Dsdin ,O. Qsu-Kdm , K. Enonr dia B. Cu

"D lnfama-bcdiimf HNRLMQ lnr ammp-sue-tmitc h`brni mrd" 

Wrnb. @it. Mfmbtrni Amv`bms Hmmt`ij Qmbc. A`jmst, pp. 4725-4721, 4003 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 5:. S. Cudij , Z.-B. Fmm , B. Oun , A. C`sdhntn , F. Bcdij , K. Omaz`mrso` , M.Diamrsni , C. Qdomubc` , P.-O. Bcn` , O. Dsdin , \. Ruerdhdi`di , Q. K. O`ij , K.Enonr dia C. Bcmih`ij

"Rue =7-ih L`iLMQ; WHNR" Wrnb. @it. Mfmbtrni Amv`bms Hmmt`ij Qmbc. A`j., pp. <:-:7, 4000 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 53. E. Pu , F. Bcdij , R. Dchma , Z. Cd`cnij , R. Emff , B.-P. Pdij , B. Qdemry , C.Bcdu , S. T` , O. Qsu-Kdm , K. Enonr , C. Bcmih`ij , F. H`ij-Umi dia A. Oysmr

"L`iLMQ sbdf`ij tn 47 ih jdtm fmijtc" 

Wrnb. @MMM @it. Mfmbtrni Amv`bms Hmmt`ij, pp. 5=4-5=1, 5775 

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Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 50. B. Kdcdi , N. Ldyint dia H. Bdss>>

"Nhmjd LMQs trdis`stnrs w`tc Q`I hmtdf jdtm dia ClN5 anwi tn 47 ih" 

Wrnb. \FR@ Qmbcinf. A`jmst Qmbc. Wdpmrs. Ryhp., pp. 445-442, 577=  

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 

27. L.-F. Pdij , A.-C. Fmm , C.-P. Bcmi , B.-P. Bcdij , R.-A. F`u , B. B. Cudij , Q.-S. Bcuij , C.-Z. Bcmi , B. B. Cudij , P.-C. F`u , B.-B. Zu , B. B. Bcmi , R.-B.Bcmi , P.-Q. Bcmi , P.-C. Bcmi , B.-K. Bcmi , E. Z. Bcdi , W.-L. Csu , K.-C. Rc`mc ,C.-K. Qdn , P.-B. Pmn , P. F` , K.-Z. Fmm , W. Bcmi , H.-R. F`dij dia B. Cu

"= ih-jdtm idinw`rm L`iLMQ" 

Wrnb. \FR@ Qmbcinf. A`jmst Qmbc., Wdpmrs Ryhp., pp. 40<-40:, 5771 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 24. C. Fmm , F.-M. Pu , R.-Z. Uyu , K.-Z. Cdi , O. Kmni , A.-P. Kdij , O. C. O`h , K.Fmm , K.-C. O`h , R. B. Kmni , J. Rmnij , J. R. Fmm , K. R. Nc , P. B. Wdro , C. E. Znn, C. H. Fmm , H. P. Kui , K. P. Kuij , @. O. Rdij dia P. O. Bcn`

"Rue-= ih dff-drnuia jdtm L`iLMQ lnr uft`hdtm sbdf`ij" Wrnb. \FR@ Qmbcinf. A`jmst Qmbc. Wdpmrs Ryhp., pp. =3-=0, 577< 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 25. E. R. Anyfm , R. Adttd , H. Anbzy , R. Cdrmfdia , E. K`i , K. Odvdf`mrns , Q. F`itni, D. Hurtcy , U. U`ns dia U. Bcdu

"C`jc pmrlnrhdibm luffy-ampfmtma tr`-jdtm BHNR trdis`stnrs" 

@MMM Mfmbtrni Amv`bm Fmtt., vnf. 51, pp. 5<2-5<=, 5772 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 22. P.-O. Bcn` , O. Dsdin , I. F`iamrt , \. Ruerdhdi`di , Q.-K. O`ij , K. Enonr diaB. Cu

"]ftrdtc`i-enay RN@ HNRLMQ lnr ammp-sue-tmitc h`brni mrd" @MMM Mfmbtrni Amv`bm Fmtt., vnf. 54, pp. 5=1-5==, 5777 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 21. \. Edrrdf , Q. Wn`rnux , L. Diar`mu , B. Euk-Aulnurimt , N. Ldyint , Q. Mrist , F.

Ermvdra , B. Lminu`ffmt-Emrdijmr , A. Fdlnia , K. H. Cdrthdii , \. \`adf , L. Dffd`i ,I. Advdf , @. Bdyrmlnurbq , F. Qnst` , A. Huitmdiu , K. F. Dutrdi dia R. Amfmni`eus

"Rtrd`ima LARN@ BHNR tmbcinfnjy sbdfde`f`ty anwi tn 5.= ih l`fh tc`boimss dia 43ih jdtm fmijtc w`tc d ${Vrh Q`I}/{Vrh ClN}^{5}$ jdtm stdbo"

Wrnb. @MMM @it. Mfmbtrni Amv`bms Hmmt`ij, pp. <4-<1, 5744 

Rcnw Bnitmxt 

2=. O. Bcmij , D. Ocdo`l`rnnz , W. Oufodri` , R. Odidodsdedpdtcy , R. Rbch`tz , D.Umzi`bmo , Q. Dadh , P. [cu , K. F` , K. Ldftmrhm`mr , Q. Luruodwd , F. L. Majm , E.Cdrdi , R.-B. Rmn , W. Kdh`sni , K. Cnft , S. F` , U. Fnms`ij , [. [cu , U. Kncisni , D.]pcdh , Q. Fmv`i , H. Rhdffmy , K. Cmrhdi , H. A` , K. Zdij , A. Rdadid , W.Onzfnwso` , C. Eu , E. Anr`s dia K. N'Im`ff

"Luffy ampfmtma mxtrmhmfy tc`i RN@ tmbcinfnjy lder`bdtma ey d invmf `itmjrdt`nisbcmhm lmdtur`ij ̀ hpfdit-lrmm, zmrn-s`f`bni-fnss, dia ldbmtma rd`sma snurbm/ard`i" 

Wrnb. \FR@ Qmbcinf. Ryhp., pp. 545-542, 5770 

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Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 2:. O. K. Ouci , H. A. J`fms , A. Embcmr , W. Onfdr , D. Onrilmfa , U. Ontfydr , R. Q.Hd , D. Hdcmscwdr` dia R. Huadid`

"Wrnbmss tmbcinfnjy vdr`dt`ni" 

@MMM Qrdis. Mfmbtrni Amv`bms, vnf. =3, pp. 540:-5573, 5744 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 23. B. Hdfmv`ffm

Zdlmrs lnr Luffy Ampfmtma Rn` Amv`bms; Umday lnr \nfuhm Davdibma Ruestrdtm Imws

5747, _nif`imX Dvd`fdefm;cttp;//www.davdibmasuestrdtmimws.bnh/5747/45/wdlmrs-lnr-luffy-ampfmtma-sn`-amv`bms-rmday-lnr-vnfuhm/  

Rcnw Bnitmxt 20. P.-O. Bcn` , A. Cd , Q.-K. O`ij dia B. Cu

"]ftrd-tc`i enay WHNRLMQs w`tc smfmbt`vmfy ampns`tma jm snurbm/ard`i"

Wrnb. \FR@ Qmbcinf. A`jmst Qmbc. Ryhp., pp. 40-57, 5774 

Rcnw Bnitmxt 17. C. Ldij , R. Bcudij , Q. B. Bcdij , O. Qdom` , Q. Qdodcdsc` dia D. Kdvmy

"C`jc-pmrlnrhdibm s`ijfm fdymrma ZRm5 p-LMQs w`tc bcmh`bdffy anpma bnitdbts"

Idin Fmtt., vnf. 45, in. :, pp. 2:33-2:05, 5745 

Rcnw Bnitmxt 14. T. F`u , D. Pdj`sc`td , I. Fnuemt , D. Ocdo`l`rnnz , W. Oufodri` , Q. Pdhdhntn , O.Bcmij , H. Luk`wdrd , K. Bd` , A. Anrhdi , R. Hmctd , W. Ocdrm , O. Pdon , P. [cu ,R. H`jint , R. Odidodsdedpdtcy , R. Hnilrdy , L. Enmul , B. Oneurjmr , C.Ruidhurd , R. Wnintc , D. Umzi`bmo , E. Cdrdi , D. ]pcdh , U. Kncisni , F. L. Majm, K. Ouss , Q. Fmv`i , I. Emrf`imr , M. Fmnediauij , Q. Ronti`bo` , H. Cdim , C. Eu , O.

@sc`hdru , Z. Ofmmhm`mr , H. Qdodydidj` , E. Anr`s dia U. Rdhpsni"]ftrd-tc`i-enay dia enx (]QEE) luffy ampfmtma (LA) amv`bm `itmjrdt`ni lnr 55 ihinam dia emynia" 

Wrnb. \FR@ Qmbcinf. (\FR@Q) Ryhp., pp. <4-<5, 5747 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 15. L. Diar`mu , N. Zmemr , K. Hdzur`mr , N. Qcnhds , K.-W. Inmf , B. Lminu`ffmt-Em>>rdijmr , K.-W. Hdzmff`mr , W. Wmrrmdu , Q. Wn`rnux , P. Hnrdia , Q. Hnrmf , R.Dffmjrmt , \. Fnup , R. Edrinfd , L. Hdrt`i , K. L. Adhfmibnurt , @. Rmrv`i , H. Bdssm ,S. Jdrrns , N. Unzmdu , H.-D. Kdua , J. B`erdr`n , K. Bfuzmf , D. Qnllnf` , L. Dffd`i , U.O`ms , A. Fdlnia , \. Amfdym , B. Qdenim , F. Qnst` , F. Ermvdra , W. Jdua , \.Wdrubcur` , O. O. Enuramffm , Z. Rbcwdrzmiedbc , N. Enii`i , E. P. Ijuymi , E.

Anr`s , L. E@Kul , Q. Ronti`bo` dia N. Ldyint"Fnw fmdodjm dia fnw vdr`de`f`ty uftrd-tc`i enay dia eur`ma nx`am (]Q5E) RN@tmbcinfnjy lnr 57 ih fnw pnwmr BHNR dia emynia" 

Wrnb. \FR@ Qmbcinf. (\FR@Q), Ryhp., pp. =:-=3, 5747 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 12. O. Bcmij , D. Ocdo`l`rnnz , W. Oufodri` , R. Wnintc , E. Cdrdi , D. Ouhdr , Q.Dadh , D. Umzi`bmo , I. Fnuemt , C. Cm , K. Ouss , H. Zdij , Q. H. Fmv`i , L.

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Hnis`mur , T. F`u , U. Rrmmi`vdsdi , K. Bd` , D. O`hedff , R. Hmctd , R. Fui`ij , P.[cu , [. [cu , Q. Pdhdhntn , D. Erydit , B. C. F`i , R. Idbzds , C. Kdjdiidtcdi , F.L. Majm , R. Dffmjrmt-Hdrmt , D. Auem , R. Odidodsdedpdtcy , R. Rbch`tz , D. @idad ,R. Rmn , H. Udyhnia , [. [cdij , D. Pdj`sc`td , K. Amhdrmst , K. F` , H. Cnpstdomi ,

I. Emrf`imr , D. ]pcdh , U. Kncisni , R. Cnfhms , Q. Rtdiadmrt , H. Rhdffmy , I.[dhahmr , [. Umi , Q. Zu , C. Eu , \. Wdrubcur` , A. Rdadid , \. Idrdydidi , Z.Cdmisbc , K. N'Im`ff , Q. Cnno , H. Ocdrm dia E. Anr`s

"MQRN@ BHNR lnr systmh-ni-bc`p dppf`bdt`nis lmdtur`ij 55 ih jdtm fmijtc, sue-477ih jdtm p`tbc, dia 7.73 $Vhu{Vrh h}^{5}$ RUDH bmff"

Wrnb. \FR@ Qmbcinf. (\FR@Q), Ryhp., pp. 453-450, 5744 

Rcnw Bnitmxt 11. Q. Qdidod , C. Cnr`m , R. Dian dia R. C`k`yd

"Didfys`s nl ${Vrh p}^+$ pnfy s` anuefm-jdtm tc`i-l`fh RN@ HNRLMQs"

Wrnb. @MAH Qmbc. A`j., pp. <32-<3<, 4004 

Rcnw Bnitmxt 

1=. F. Z. Idjmf dia A. N. WmamrsniRW@BM R`hufdt`ni Wrnjrdh w`tc @itmjrdtma B`rbu`t Mhpcds`s Emromfmy, Mfmbtrni`bsUmsmdrbc Fdenrdtnry, Hmhnrdiauh MUF-H 235

40:2, _nif`imX Dvd`fdefm;cttp;//www.mmbs.emromfmy.mau/Wues/QmbcUpts/40:2/MUF-235.pal  

Rcnw Bnitmxt 1<. E. K. Rcmu , A. F. Rbcdrlmttmr , W. O. On dia H.-B. Kmij

"ER@H; Emromfmy scnrt-bcdiimf @JLMQ hnamf lnr HNR trdis`stnrs" 

@MMM K. Rnf`a-Rtdtm B`rbu`ts, vnf. 55, pp. ==3-=<<, 403:  

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL 

1:. H. KmijAms`ji dia hnamf`ij nl ammp-sueh`brnhmtmr HNRLMQs

4007 

Rcnw Bnitmxt 13. Z. F`u , S. K`i , K. Bcmi , H.-B. Kmij , [. F`u , P. Bcmij , O. Bcmi , H. Bcdi , O.Cu` , K. Cudij , U. Qu , W. O. On dia B. Cu

ER@H 2v2.5 HNRLMQ hnamf usmrsV' hdiudf

4003 

Rcnw Bnitmxt 10. P. Bcmij

HNRLMQ Hnamf`ij & ER@H2 ]smrV's Ju`am4000, Ofuwmr  

Rcnw Bnitmxt =7. Z. F`u

HNRLMQ Hnamfs lnr RW@BM R`hufdt`nis @ibfua`ij ER@H2v2 dia ER@H1

5774, Z`fmy  

Rcnw Bnitmxt 

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=4. Z. F`u

ER@H1 dia HNRLMQ Hnamf`ij lnr @B R`hufdt`ni

5744, Znrfa Rb`mit`l`b  

Rcnw Bnitmxt =5. P. R. Bcducdi , H. D. Odr`h , R. \miujnpdfdi , R. Ocdiamfwdf , D. I`oimkda

dia B. Cu

"ER@H<; Ryhhmtr`b eufo HNRLMQ hnamf"

Wrnb. Qmbc. Wrnb. IRQ@ Idintmbcinf. Bnil., pp. :51-:50, 5745 

Rcnw Bnitmxt =2. B. B. HbDiarmw

"\df`adt`ni nl HNRLMQ hnamf snurbm-ard`i syhhmtry" 

@MMM Qrdis. Mfmbtrni Amv`bms, vnf. =2, pp. 5575-557<, 577< 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL =1. W. Emia`x , W. Udomrs , W. Zdjc , F. Fmhd`trm , Z. Jrde`iso` , B. B. Hbdiarmw ,S. Ju dia J. J`famiefdt

"UL a`stnrt`ni didfys`s w`tc bnhpdbt HNRLMQ hnamfs" 

Wrnb. @MMM Bustnh @itmjr. B`rbu`ts Bnil., pp. 0-45, 5771 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL ==. R. \miujnpdfdi , O. Adiau , R. Hdrt`i , U. Qdyfnr , B. B`red , [. S`i , D. H.I`oimkda dia C. Bcmih`ij

"D ini-`tmrdt`vm pcys`bdf prnbmaurm lnr UL BHNR bnhpdbt hnamf mxtrdbt`ni us`ijER@H<" 

Wrnb. @MMM Bustnh @itmjr. B`rbu`ts Bnil., pp. 4-1, 5745 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL =<. C. B. Wdn dia B. Q. Rdc

"Mllmbts nl a`llus`ni burrmit ni bcdrdbtmr`st`bs nl hmtdf-nx`am (`isufdtnr)-smh`bniaubtnr trdis`stnrs"

Rnf`a-Rtdtm Mfmbtrni., vnf. 0, in. 47, pp. 05:-02:, 40<< 

Rcnw Bnitmxt =:. K. Rdffmsm , L. Oruhhmidbcmr , L. Wrmjdfa`iy , B. Fdffmhmit , D. R. Uny dia B.Miz

"D ams`ji nr`mitma bcdrjm-edsma burrmit hnamf lnr syhhmtr`b AJ HNRLMQ dia `tsbnrrmfdt`ni w`tc tcm MO\ lnrhdf`sh"

Rnf`a-Rtdtm Mfmbtrni., vnf. 10, in. 2, pp. 13=-130, 577=  

Rcnw Bnitmxt =3. P. Qdur , S. F`dij , Z. Zdij dia C. Fu

"D bnit`iunus, didfyt`b ard`i-burrmit hnamf lnr AJ HNRLMQs" 

@MMM Mfmbtrni Amv`bm Fmtt., vnf. 5=, pp. 47:-470, 5771 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL =0. H. \. Auijd , B.-C. F`i , S. S` , A. A. Fu , D. H. I`oimkda dia B. Cu

"Hnamf`ij davdibma LMQ tmbcinfnjy `i d bnhpdbt hnamf" 

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@MMM Qrdis. Mfmbtrni Amv`bms, vnf. =2, pp. 40:4-40:3, 577< 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL <7. H. \. Auijd

Idinsbdfm BHNR hnamf`ij

5773 

Rcnw Bnitmxt <4. P. Qdur

"Didfyt`b snfut`nis nl bcdrjm dia bdpdb`tdibm `i syhhmtr`b dia dsyhhmtr`b anuefm-jdtm HNRLMQs" 

@MMM Qrdis. Mfmbtrni Amv`bms, vnf. 13, pp. 53<4-53<0, 5774 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL <5. R. \miujnpdfdi , A. A. Fu , P. Odwdodh` , W. H. Fmm , D. H. I`oimkda dia B. Cu

"ER@H-BJ; D bnhpdbt hnamf nl byf`iar`bdf/surrnuia jdtm HNRLMQ lnr b`rbu`ts`hufdt`nis"

Rnf`a-Rtdtm Mfmbtrni., vnf. <:, in. 4, pp. :0-30, 5745 

Rcnw Bnitmxt <2. R. \miujnpdfdi , H. D. Odr`h , R. Rdfdcuaa`i , D. H. I`oimkda dia B. Cu

"Wcminhminfnj`bdf bnhpdbt hnamf lnr TH bcdrjm bmitrn`a `i huft` jdtm LMQs" 

@MMM Qrdis. Mfmbtrni Amv`bms, vnf. <7, pp. 137-4131, 5742 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL <1. A. Fu

Bnhpdbt hnamfs lnr luturm jmimrdt`ni BHNR

5744 

Rcnw Bnitmxt 

<=. R. Ocdiamfwdf , P. R. Bcducdi , A. A. Fu , R. \miujnpdfdi , H. D. ]. Odr`h , D.E. Rdbc`a , E.-P. Ijuymi , N. Unzmdu , N. Ldyint , D. H. I`oimkda dia B. B. Cu

"ER@H-@HJ; D bnhpdbt hnamf lnr uftrdtc`i-enay RN@ HNRLMQs w`tc edbo-jdtmbnitrnf" 

@MMM Qrdis. Mfmbtrni Amv`bms, vnf. =0, pp. 5740-575<, 5745 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL <<. T. Bcmi , S. [cnij , P. Zu , I. [cu , Z. Cudij , A. Fu , B. Cu , E. P. Ijuymidia N. Ldyint

"Di mxmrb`sm nl MQ/]QEE RN@ BHNR hnamf`ij dia s`hufdt`ni w`tc ER@H-@HJ" 

Wrnb. @MMM @it. RN@ Bnil., pp. 4-5, 5744 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL <:. S. F` , Z. Zu , D. Kcd , J. J`famiefdt , U. vdi Fdijmvmfam , J. A. K. Rh`t , D. K.Rbcnftmi , A. E. H. Ofddssmi , B. B. HbDiarmw , K. Zdtts , B. H. Nfsmi , J. K. Bnrdh, R. Bcduacry dia K. \`btnry

"Emibchdro tmsts lnr HNRLMQ bnhpdbt hnamfs w`tc dppf`bdt`ni tn tcm WRW hnamf" 

@MMM Qrdis. Mfmbtrni Amv`bms, vnf. =<, pp. 512-5=4, 5770 

Tu`bo Destrdbt | Rcnw Bnitmxt | Luff Qmxt; WAL <3. P. Bdn

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Wrma`bt`vm tmbcinfnjy hnamf (WQH)

577<, _nif`imX Dvd`fdefm;cttp;//pth.dsu.mau 

Rcnw Bnitmxt <0. ER@H-BHJ Qmbci`bdf Hdiudf dia Bnam

5745, _nif`imX Dvd`fdefm;cttp;//www-amv`bm.mmbs.emromfmy.mau/es`h/>pdjm8ER@HBHJ