bsc1102 lab power point

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    Frog Taxonomy} Domain: Eukarya} Kingdom: Animalia} Phylum: Chordata} Subphylum: Vertebrata} Class: Amphibia} Order: Anura

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    Frog Characteristics} Mode of nutrition: frogs are

    omnivorous and Heterotrophic} Symmetry: bilateral symmetry} Structure: Eumetazoan} Habitat- Land and Freshwater

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    Frog Head

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    External Viscera} The external nares are

    used to smell} The tympanum are

    used to detect soundvibrations

    } its bigger inmales than infemales

    } Cloaca is used for theexcretion of waste andgametes

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    Internal Viscera of Head} The tongue is attachedat the front of the mouth,

    it is forked and sticky} The maxillary and

    vomerine teeth are used

    to hold onto prey} Internal nares are used

    for breathing} Eustachian Tubes help

    to stabilize pressure

    changes from air towater} Glottis leads to lungs} The pharynx leads to the

    stomach

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    Frogs have sets of 3 eyelidsThe upper eyelid is asimple skin foldThe lower eyelid is atranslucent membrane

    that spreads over theeyeballs surface whenthe eyeball is retractedinto the eye socketThe nictitating

    membrane protectsthe frogs eyes when itsunderwater and it canshut the frogs eyescompletely.

    Caption S: The nictitatingmembrane

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    Heart} The frogs hearthas 3 chambers-2 atria and 1ventricle

    } Triangularstructure at thetop of the liver.

    } It is in a separatecavity called thepericardial cavity

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    Lungs} Underneath the

    heart and liver} As you know thelungs are used forbreathing, but gasexchange alsotakes place throughthe skin which iswhy frogs live inmoist places.

    }

    The lungs alsodetect vibrationswhich travel to theears to help withhearing.

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    Liver and Gallbladder

    } Note that it is a verylarge structure and

    that it has 3 lobes.} The liver secretes

    bile which isneeded for thedigestion of fats .

    } Lift the liver thereveal thegallbladder, a smallgreen sac (lookslike a booger).

    } The gallbladder isnecessary to store

    bile

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    P ancreas}

    The Pancreas is athin rubber bandlooking structureconnected to theinner curve of thestomach .

    } The Pancreasreleases enzymesinto the smallintestines to helpbreak down food.

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    Spleen} The spleen of

    the frogdestroys andcreates redblood cells.

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    Stomach} The stomach isunderneath the liver} Note that the stomach

    leads to the smallintestines

    } Notice the mesentery ofthe stomach} Mesentery is

    connective tissuesurrounding the internalorgans and attachingthem to the body wall

    } The stomach is the firstmajor site of digestion

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    Small Intestines} The small intestines

    is an organ towardsthe end of thedigestive tract .

    } The small intestinesdigest bodyessentials todisperse in theblood stream.

    } Essentials arenutrients, proteins,minerals, andsugars.

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    Large Intestine} The Large

    intestine controlsfluid balance in

    the body fromfood, andabsorbs moisturefrom waste.

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    Urinary Bladder} An empty sac

    located at thelowest part ofthe bodycavity.

    } The bladderstores urine.

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    Kidneys} The kidneys are

    flattened beanshaped organs, oftendark in color.

    } They are locatedposterior and dorsalto all other organs inits own compartment(lower back of thefrog, near the spine).

    }

    The kidneys filterwaste from theblood.

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    Fat Bodies} Frogs do not store fat

    in their skin likehumans, they have fatbodies

    } Fat bodies areSpaghetti shapedstructures that have abright orange oryellow color, they are

    usually located just onthe inside of theabdominal wall.

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    M ale and FemaleReproductive Organs

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    M ale and female

    Reproductive Organs

    M ale} Two internal testes

    that producesperm to fertilizethe eggs .

    Female} Ovaries produce

    eggs .

    } Oviducts transportthe eggs from theovaries to theuterus .

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    How to tell the difference

    between a female and malefrog .Male

    } Male frogs are

    smaller then femalefrogs.} Male frogs usually

    have black markingson their arms.

    } Male frogs areusually vocal

    } Males usually havelarger tympanum.

    Female} Female frogs are

    usually larger thenmale frogs.

    } When frogs aremating the female

    frog will always beat the bottom.} Female frogs make

    distress calls.

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