bsc 2011 – biology ii
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BSC 2011 – Biology II. Don Levitan. Biology II. Development Genetics Evolution Ecology. My research interests: The evolution of reproductive strategies. Biology II. The pattern and process of the life-cycle. Some Important Definitions. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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BSC 2011 – Biology II
Don Levitan
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Biology II
• Development
• Genetics
• Evolution
• EcologyMy research interests:The evolution of reproductivestrategies
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Biology II
The pattern and process of the life-cycle
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Science - the investigation of rational concepts that can be evaluatedby observations and experimentation.
Hypothesis - a proposed explanation for an observed phenomenon
Theory - a hypothesis that is consistent with all available evidence
Some Important Definitions
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Outline of Lecture 1
I. THE CENTRAL DOGMAA. DNA structureB. DNA ReplicationC. Chromosomes
1. Prokaryotic2. Eukaryotic
D. RNA Structure
E. Transcription1. Summary2. Prokaryotes3. Eukaryotes
F. Translation1. The genetic code2. Summary of translation
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Fig 16.3
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Fig 16.3
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Fig 16.5
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1
23
4
5
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5 ´ end
3´end
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Fig 16.12
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Fig 16.5
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Prokaryotic cells
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Fig. 19.1Levels of DNA packing
Eukaryotic cells
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Number of chromosomes per cell
Humans 46Onions 8Drosophila ?
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Number of chromosomes per cell
Humans 46Onions 8Drosophila 4Potato ?
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Number of chromosomes per cell
Humans 46Onions 8Drosophila 4Potato 48
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DNA RNA Proteintranscription translationreplication
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Fig. 19.1Levels of DNA packing
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Fig. 16.7
DNA Replication
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Fig. 16.16 (modified)
3’
5’
3’
5’
DNA polymerase RNA primer
DNA Replication
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Transcription
Template strand - the single strand of DNA that is transcribed
RNA polymerase - the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA using DNA as the template
Promoter - the segment of the DNA template strand where RNApolymerase binds and initiates transcription
DNA - RNA
Adenine (A) – (U) UracilThymine (T) – (A) AdenineCytosine (C) – (G) GuanineGuanine (G) – (C) Cytosine
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3’5’
promoter stop codon
transcription unit
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Fig 17.9
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Transfer RNA (tRNA)Fig. 17.13
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Translation of mRNAinto protein
Fig. 17.12
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Fig. 17.25
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Fig 17.3
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Fig 17.4
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U U C C C G U G A
phy proline stop
U U C C C G U G A
ser arg ?
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DNA RNA Proteintranscription translation
DNA bases (AGCT)
to RNA bases(AGCU)
RNA base codons
to amino acids
replication
DNA bases (AGCT)
to DNA bases