brothers - jewish ideas daily · 2010. 3. 17. · brothers heresy. christianity. and jewish...
TRANSCRIPT
BROTHERS
Heresy.
Christianity.
and Jewish
Identity
in Late
Antiquity
_ L ... .....,_ .... , 4', .-. ... 1.-. _L. .... ': ._or ••• _ .. -~ .. -............ -0d0>M _ ..... .-..Ie .... ""' ......... ..:.- _"- . .. .. ~, , ....... '4' ... __ CIOrr ... _ __ '4 '&Iv' ,, __
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.. """" ... _l_ ......... ' ...
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.. _ .A .... ,
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.... _ •• / ,y"j ... , .... . ,. -~~""""""'''' ....... JU, "" .• ,. "'m I L-.,.''iL · ... _ ....... "·LL , IC,..., .... "_ ,.Ii, .• ~ ..... , ._ ........... __ ... """_,_ .• "" _ _ ~ a..' ., . .,a. ......... _ .... _ "'-11"';;;;_ -, T._ ..... ..::._ ....... ·, 0, "; _ ... • '_0' I'· ..... • """""',1':> _ ........... ... _ ....
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Introduction
On mtona I~ F"1 )niIh tfft3llDllOe U R..- and 111.1\,"8 loft
~rd \ho: ",."" ... 01 "'.«clIo. iu,1 '"UO" ..u """lOCO d'Ou:ovl.l, """ lindo 00..,1(:0, 1M front of a hit," eh ..... h. Sanla Mana ddb PieIJo. On I"" .,.""ior ( .... , ..... U 0( thai (h .. rc~ .• ~ u... nu.rorK1l', f .. ,"8 1M Jrw"lIh JYN""""'.,....., i.1 bohn, .. '! IHe.",., .nd latJn) inK' ,puon, oonl.in"'llloe voud. of lu,.h 6\:a-f '\ 'pr<'aoi oul m, harol •• [1,,,,, day 10 I rdJc,lIiou. ~Ic . .. 110 ..... 1\ In I way Ihat i. 111)1
FOd. follo_in,their OO"n Ik-f" ... : I pt'Oplc .. too provoke r~ 10 nlF r",~ (0, .. ;" ... 11)',' Thi, inlC.iplion throwllli aI once into lhe ~ of lhe CI"'IIn.>n pok"'" "8',nll Jud.> .. m ,hmulholl! the 111ft. TM u.e of thai .. me ~ by I few of lhe mid·Ii .. , unruty, l'alll "n ........ '" hll let"" '" the 1\om:;I"..IO:.'. II~ I .. _ by ,n!roducon, that .."..,.. ,.,th the nol"" 'Of II.~I n II " ·"Ik'n: P ... l "1>1'<"'"10 "' .... pla<..d h'm~rOUI oftM"",linn oitM ,"",ah ~~pk.:and thlll pbntN ,,,,- fint iftd. of. procO.,M, e>o:n'u.>ll)r p~ r~ .... ~nle _ICIfdiRIDUI mut,. Ch.illian.'Y.' Thi> \I0oI< ;, dE , , ..... 10 u... arly nbbo .... oonn,bubOn 10 this procno..'
" N""" O"tbu!<
The 'l.I'Huon of the odot_, bt:,.,oo ', .... i . ... and Ch, tJllan,1y
"- been • PClWA,aI .,., 011011 ... ".. " ........ It..donts 01 jewI.h h,nort. In ,lit bot ,_~ .. 01' to. ,-,,"..,., it ha, '''.'''& ",.
4 "O~ H '" .. nA~"'"
d.~m~lic .h!fl. "Acron!,"1 \Q <;011 __ 110 .... 1 ,.,kIoon: ,,-, ,"'" Alan ~. Sqpl 01 the openi"l pun!!" of hi. boot< Rtlot= ~ O;IJ ... ~ . 'Ihe liut omtu., .. ". nc d ,he bqJlnnm, 0( onlyone ... hgion. Cllmc .. noly. ludo,lm;' .,,,,~11y
though, 10 ~ qun in ,he m<II"~ d'JI~nl ~. al lhe hlM 0( Abn.ham. M~. or room Ern."' In (OnlrMl 10 IIIIf ,r.od,rionloi view .• wbolo. ....... OlItiooIo: 10.:01 eUk'l'd in lhe ""lInp of >"lI'iou.. "hob •• in lhe Lall lwen ly -,..arl. AI Srpl puIS it: .",., u ..... 0(,"~1 mu" Ille bqJlnnm8 0( no! ""'" W,IWO .... al ... hp"'" 011 .... Il-.... , . ludo, .... and Ch"OlIonlty-"' A. , ...... 11. ,na'ead 0I1Dok
mllal 1...blOm and Ch".IiioIlJl,. "mol"""" and '<boJllhttr: H!he rebuonJ hel_ct" !he I"fn:I pe-aI"'~i'''''' , ... ,r.od,toon.oolly IooUd a, •• dooluo ~ CORiO!
........., and ........., 10.- lhat. ;u fXI. "I..d.a ..... and CII" .... n • ..,. can euen
, .. lIy cla,m , I",n bo ...... " n.. .t.. ....... rnmI 01 lhe .~" '''''''' h..a, .... ulled in lP"altt "',11,"11''''''
on the PO" of , ........ dool ..... 10 dPI: .... , .... ~Ioonahj ... bd .......... .-.lobon .. ludai .... and "'"", Ch,iot .. nily. lhat I •• Iwttween 1M eluate'" ",blnn .. 10..,.,.·
lu,e and n,.,. Chri'IWo l"er.I" .... In' ~ open .....,."' .... tlu.rt 1"''' ............... ,...,Iiaou 01 ",hob .. """,Id ,1Iow ,hem .. ,...,.. I'oItibiot: .",iLa"I," and mutual
eon ..... loont brI,"""" III.,.., ._I'le .ncoml re~poruo are ...... _ wilUflIIIy
xk.-led~. F"'llwtrrnoro. 1M .",*, I ... totncImcr .... n:-d by both .,....lIh .nd Chnsu..n .dooloors 10 p .... up~ g ,- lho: priority-both cit ...... ,!, 'We.lIy and latlnll ro. 1""'1 lheoloftiully-ol" ,....;.h .... 1UI ower ,imlLa, ChIllIWl ,>We. ",I .. ..... lCh ...... on. and io lu."1\cd ..,.. an """"""io\1l (bu. aI ,i""", c"¥m
<;OI1OCiOlU) ""'piormm' oft .... "motlwtr-da .. gh",,· modd. ill '-1I'0;n8 ""Y 10 otlwtr «pian.honl for , ..... mila .i, .... and eonn«liom t:1riJring Iwtt...,.,.. ",bbinic ... "d nfly Ch" ., .. " 1""1.
Some .chela .. ""1"" for , ... oppot.HII: ~Itoad"". 11\.:1, ;.. fOf IIIte (hrnnok>HieJl priori' Y. In ....... cur.. of 110" Ch';II;"'M on.I .... i:aIs. "'bitlo ....... , ..... boor 1O •• d .nd ,nh!fnol,ud by nbbjMOC ..... rcc:o moIl ty lOr Ih. Nk of TtI""I;""
and ~io::. TIIte wor" ofll .. li",d, hillor ... n 1 ..... 1 J. Vuval.re ""' ....... ,ho: mool ..",au,YI,,,,, of ,10 .. app"""h. In ....,..11"""""0{"'" poperl publ,oMd ,n 1M bol I.." dec:-'. Yunl ~~ tNt no! only .... Cloriltl.lm..,. ;"11,,. Ciocui by IIKIa .. m bul abo 1000001im ""'U In""""'~ by ClodllUlnlty. 1 .. 1 ed. """,,J,nl 10 Vuva!. I .... o:nl1/"C "Iobon" p'er" lhould be ...... at ..... ,.,..... 10 Clonltoanlly. n.. r.>bbol. XCOfd,"I1O Ih .... _. -..- ,,,,puol'lonl to Chnot.oan odtao and ..... ptd Judo ..... ,n .",,10 a ............ u 10 rqo<'l lhem.· Foe IhI, m-oon. v ....... all r '._can ........ in r:lhbonlc Iolef., ..... n"".,oull""" , tNl panlI<:I mrtr Cluiltwo .... 1a!I.
0tM ocholan ~Itempted 10 apla,n 110 .. ""Ie 0I .. 1T'; .. "" 'ugp'JIJnI'" iTA:Id 1""'1ftI nlly Clo" ..... mly and ",bIoin" I"""' ..... :u 1_ 1'1,,1101 tra ......
m, .. · '" Ii .... 01 Ofwt and 1M Am" '"""'''01' oI,""dI "ad" ..... h.3t .... tox.
'''TlO''''CT'O~ ~
00 thoe S«ond T..."ple "'~ . TI_ ",hob," ""'phu'z,o the folklDri.tic '1ualny 01 "''''''h 01 lhe r"."",.al al OUr di ........ L_ balh "''';Ih and Chrul.an~nd luggesl lha. ",a,,,. 01' .he common Idea. found in lMo.e "T,tinp rdlK't •
common !Ln'u .... 'Mind of npbinmll"unil.>"I," .. a ,"ull 01 borrow· inll for tt.. AU 01' pokhlioc. u Yuql doI!'I, ono: should Ihutlt 01 fnrttlr and
Christian .... 11 as ''''0 lr,," of.nn."" ....... ,hal ~fIt.c .. .opan~r. 1M U~
one .... 1 ·trad,tlOn of II ... "'''Y 'I' from ... h" .. '....,. bath haf.c'p'uns.' OnP'''''M ... ITn.....: ... bo:1Wftf1 , ....... t...., Ip"""" ..... . . ....,. h,..,c m..,h
,n """,mon. Frnt. ,My ,I\vlt I '101;" h"""''''1P:rph", .... 11oot . .. ·h",h HCf bath
rabbln" tud.inn and Ch,,,hani!'J as ·h .... in •• " ............. or Ins 1"11"''''''' h ... ",",.lly """ of 1M okIlMbllCIl ~11 ...... "hne .... ' luvI.·' Th,y ou,1oo/r; _ S«ond T"",pIor )...Jallm ... 'plu,"h,,,(" .nd _tinl 'orP"" of c .... uoI:. and " .... uma tlu., .......... ,. I"" UW\tra.1 Iwt_ pu""" ",,"uh .drIP""" .,..tcm. and robbon .. ",' · Iha, cow un lortr'r",'1dy ~_ .abb.n" ludai • .,. :u m,nl ~ 'born' ,n a .. ""lu feMe to.bM 01' Ch",,,.nj',..1 'b"th.' · S..,b • historical oulloot dtpu.u on • "iew oI'M dcol • ..,tiQoI 01 the S, .<wI.
Temple in .,.. e.,. as I ,rue'" lu.n,n. porn' ,n , ..... , . .. hilior)', lind il ....... "'" ••• , rul'h .... nd .lmool. IOIAI ~, ... _i"wi', btl ............ Iypt' of .... ,P>o,ly of t .... Pha"HCf of P"''''' .nd ,h., 01'1 .... ",bbr. of ,..1.,.. Jl'MIa}I ....... For. ,f rabbrm. Jr.r<b.,ym i. not. _ .. 1 ..... '''''''" _/II "f , ... poo • .,.. .... but. rat ...... '" ,mpo ... nl waro ..... bact .... Uf, 1"," ' Ir_ofHillcl.nd Shammai. I"" ;1. t M lal~ lint Cnll".y • .c.l • • nd ,Iwo n.1)' Ii .. , <;en"'f} C .•.. ,I>nt ,,, ... 1)' one .. 'Ould 111)1 be able '0 lpeak Or lh •• tp"",t\r: fotm of Inc' .... ' ludall'"
.nd 1M ,,"rcnlt Inul ,......,mnrl U '.'I>hn)ll: ne,lher ch.on0!08".11y 111),
pl~""'n~""""kan,. lbc .... umplion ,"", , ... dnrru(lron or t ... S( ooo"d TnI'ple """u a ,up'
h .. ~ In I"loh hi.Ior, .u!.c.ib<':s. '" I drqr ......... \0. Clrri,I;.n lheoIoglCIl
~laim. and " II not .. "",pIo: ... i, Yo",.Um" app ..... "t. To "" IUn:. ,he ("anI!" "''''' ha •• boocn oill",r".nl: her .. o" .... D •• reI Goodbl.!t h;ll ""p .... ,>:Cd. tt... mNlure of "","nu,'y mUrl not be d,JftPrdcd.nd "ndt • .,.r,m.'..!." To.peak 01'. eha ..... CO'm • proIO..nd ont. is one Ih'ns; to opmk of nbbnll.,. as • ......ty 'born'lfpt' of Iud.,.", it nI"""" d,rrerntl. ~d. both ... """,,11& appea. to nnbrxe ~ if u"w .... iouoJy) prK .... 1)' . uch I ",",.
Flln""""""", , .... pt-. , .. ,"''''''' both:rppn:ra< ..... oed: to npbin.nd 'M ~ IMf pc. to I"," -'IU'I un&. d,rc"YTIi"I are lima ... : ho;o.o to;KCOunl
fOr tire cKIItCnCc 01' armporarlW ""'lrrQIo on boIh jewlOh (moIIt'" ...."n". but not c:r:<lusMolJ1.nd Chrislian .... n:n oIlpp' .. imotdy do • ......., "",e tire 6.-.t ~ crnrll._ of u.. CMu.traft .... Tbc: (acl 'lui , ... fOr ..... "PPO >wh npbms ,h .. ..tog"on bt "Pf'Iy,,,. I ,nodo:L 01 ,nflumao and mu,,'" borrow·
inA- .. be .. _I'''' Io'".,. orft it .... 1\1111 •• 1 ,,",,,It al the """' ...... Ind'l .... from
whkh I...,. bolh 'p""'g."tId f ...... lhe Kl ... II"""""'''Y oIfe\o.1I atld Cb. oswolIJ in !':Iilest,,,. in I. .. anloq" .ly. <annal ob«",~ Ilo. .. I .... ically .. m.ia. 'tlk' !It "
ThIS od."blly trm<I II ... loot! h, ..... ,." II un tor fftn ...". <1nrIy in Ephflllm E. U.bood!i Irflftl 01 ~pn. on lhe \o:Wa.h.(;hrul",n d"'''''~' pub~oMd d".inllDe 19J0I." AaonhnllO U.b:och. ·Many hom,l18 uod diffi. cull A)""i' 01 doe S:lp 1ft p_ JftIfot.tId undcr.1OOd P"'P'"'1y of MOd II • _p""" to 1M Dp'tuOrtJ Ind homillft ol iN- Chtth F"'hen. a,.l ir Kf:n
.... ~ .pnOllhml.· .. TIlt ",t""",10- "",,"I)'mllh .. "PI"""'Ch .. .,.. lhe
...... mpl:_ lbat Ch .. t"an",,·. 'f""d ... K"'''~rwd bJ aD ""IPI'8"tn1l' p.,.I ~ .... h l\Id.>itt!I. and 1lI 1M «IU . ... oIlh:1I rtnI'" IDe .. bbol. -. ......, '.ll(ubliod .... _, """,,1_ lOr lhe .aU 01 rftIlU"II'M """'11 01 doe
Ch",han .. '" Thll III~ oIl ...... sM Iu, ~ foIJDw..d by ""'..,. OIhcf ""hob .........
then.. -It hao km O«'ht'" ""'I'kolJ(.al/r~"'" bJ VII..,,1. .. '110. in .... ","1 papns puhiItJl,o,d .n 1M lHl dtcacIe. appbed .1 on I much....,.., •• ....,... m.:on.-." AaonIu'l! 10 V" ... 1. ·ltabbonk h~llIft thould be..-ad naI .... /r ... _1U ICr Ch,iatian idoao uod ro, ..... ""t all<o .... ....,1 ..... 10 Ilo.m:" Fu.lMr-. y., ... 1 .~ WI ·in ilt d.Cptll mnntng. thor 0..1 l:o ... hould be ....", ..
the fe\o.'ull -fOi'''' 10 1M ChroOl .. n Nrw T .. '."""'!.· .. eon .... """'t.,.. M m.inb,nl that "The ,,,,,flO<ll:lII_ .... Ih Chriflwll'Y bn 0' thr ¥ftJ boart of Mod"",h ie 1,.1 TalmudIC rud;o;'m:~
Unli ke U.b.:11 and OIh..,. . ... 110 aJ'PII~'II, .... um.,d lha, Chnilianuy'l impacl on .. bbtnie Judai.m w .. in,lan.!x.nl bd' ..... ;tJ .pn3d 'l1 ...... ahout ,he Rom." ...... Id - IIIII ". bd' ..... lhe 111m! ,ent" .,. u.·'-Y" ... ~I rnainbin. lha, 'M bqtnrunp oI .. bbnolC oc<u~lion wilh. indeed I'd Ollie 19:U"". Chtl"-,,,njl)' lbould !H. d:I\INI ",,,,,II .a.bro. ,hal ;1. 'i&hl a,,"" 'M dea,rllCllOtI 01 ~ S«ond Tnnpk ,n ,.. C,l.:
F ........ nl 11M: rktt.UChOO 01 lhe TCrllplt in ,.. C.¥~ ,...., .. ,mp.,II"1I In,nplCUlIOI1I....., formed lOr P .. -.. ~ """ .. h atld ...... Ch ... ".n .... Roth .\ItInn off""" • 101"'1"'01 a~TUI,.., 10 ,he old
pqifi,;,ol nile. addru.",,& tlmll ilallO!Olll", I"" d1flicwh quail"" oIhow 10 ~(ltbi ..... rnb,.,.L of .. do"'pb"" ,n .n ... 0I1<on:i1'" <\om,1>OtiorI arod 0f'I" l$ - ••••• TM ,. .. !!.! dt.!:lopmmlol,_ d,/Te.ftIl m,J3\JVft oIa IImib. ml" .... mNI\I for lhe ...... fotflmll
a,.l ,rIlrIICIlt.<od by two ..... 1""""" who I"""" alonp>dc ...... a"".her. ollJbt 10 boc dIKuoof<I in a CGmpant .... "",n"""."
n- ",ala"""". whlCll .... pI.....J .'Il't, al ,he: bt:jpnnmll of Y.,nJ"J ftudy of .,.,. Htl and Ell"",' form Iht ro..nd.>uon on ... hlCk II .. mHW-u '1!1 .... 11. fin!, . b .... .,. op~ron Wi_ ]ud;oll'" .nc! Cltrosb.lnlTJ. dot...! lID
,he 8f!UU.11OO Iml'/ll'dL>1dy foliowlna ,he dootruc!""" '" lhe S(C .... ld Temple. It 'nlroduced." n .. (.0110 b ....... ""n" ... rndmll ", .he documcn~ '" lhe lwo ",liB""'" "[l"Iqi ought 10 t.- d..auMd In • cOIn""",,,,,,, INn_: Why] Ikca...., ....nal ..., II;,.., .'" 'p:onllel' ... rn.,-. which...,..,. ·'nb",h.ced by ho" mlpu,," ",he> Ia...d _Ionpidr 0111: .no'~: Und""y",, Yuo;ol's &fIllmml '" an Ulurnpl10n rqprdlnllM ...."sIIl ofCh".'L>n P' :0 :"c~ in PaWll ..... lrmdy ,n ,!10K ... ..,d:» ..... hoch. in ,lMlf ......... ~ of.""' .... I .... 'mpioc" .... mp· bani, 1'1 IJut Ch".".no Wft1: dmt,fied. and CtlnCnwed of. by rabbnoc ~
• a ~. non·fcwuh. ,..,,1 Il'hpolH paup: and [althat ""am"'hYdr. ChnJhuU1y no ... ""fount _w pbt', ... , .. """ ,n first-antury Palau .... Con,oin.ly. ,boetr _""'pIOIl fll""1011 U. ~, .. lhal n..bb Y....aJ 10 rnd IN..., .. bb!noc ""'''1" and hom.licoo •• , 51 : • ..,. [oI'hiH.· .. ~aI k,nd) 10
Chroru.on'tr al'd 10 ChnotL>h """,h ....... n..,. rad.n"",.' mllot!tor nnph."uo;! ..... rIOt rdIort, ,'''' .... "' ....... "
r...", .. Lauon.: In ....... of ."" .... "' .. Vunl diKlIMft .... we lind :an apllCll. clearly ~ .. R ........ 10 Ch ... tw",y. MIl' dot.. dltir ..qollCl' , ........ ic bno
.ny "'ll" '" ................... let alone 01 rd.goG<I' pd""oc. Vd. y ... sal &fI""" ,hal''''''''''''' Uoc:I of JlmlLa"'r-~ "'n (11"""",- In .. 'IOCIU • ., . ... ,n _ of ,he drt,,~-, .. ,n "-Jf. ,he indocah"" for 'Ill "",..,...., '" OIKh poIc-mic. For ~hn...-IU III alluu)(' ,ho:ft" no""y 10 n:pLa,,, 'hat .. m,Lanly. In nthn word •• lhe panlle~.m .... 11t"fld 10 .... at:lbii.Md boo'_n . nbbcnic 1011:and an ..... Iy Ch ... lo.n.,.,.. ... ICCOI'dm8. Yuvsi.lho: ..... l! '" _ ,.el. h.¥i n~ bur • ..,...".j fr<lm 'heOl ..... el, .... u. , .... I' of "'<"P"'",und 'nl..-n.I,;u,ion. or foo
,Iou,,", of poIeonoc and dn" .L Th~ ... ump' ion unde.lymll"uch • 10"" oflhoushl " III~' Chri5".n,,,. ""'.
• ",tulian' ....till""" p~ ,n P.Ict'int .lre;o:J~ in '~""Iy <b)ss. •• w.! th:lt 1,1 •• n,;e .... .,;.'llblo ,1Ia! ,Ill ",bbo. wnc u, .. ..".~ or ,I. Ih""I"IIic.) itolOOz
""tonS:ond "",,,hinps r..,. ,II ............... ,.,linll '" Dbbinoc ..... "'''' ..... he tt.1c.d ..... ~ Ch"'I",n IN .... ilth i. callt:d for. II " 10 rwu:u:ory. m r ... ,. IU' """ .. ""'e IheK " no aploc" lllullOll 10 Ch" "Uoonny In ,he Dbbonoc lUu",e "ndn dlK" .. ion . ... , llO.e.el , mlU' ~!t ouch. tt.k...,..",L n ..... ulu ,n
• P' I ""ul tnd'tIfI 01 tilt r.obttinoc WlCI ...... ocb ,n lI.,n " taktn 10 be.n .mple proof I'or , ............. mplton ..... rd'na ,lor !"...tal plat., t .... Clu'$Ipnity O«Us
pin: in r:abbinoc .... rceo. E ...... f..., ""'" \0 ,,,,'.0." rM •• rcIlLa"tr of It.: al1l""""". , )", ...... _
01 why _ ahoold "",,,,,lit- _ umpllOnlO rmoaiM. In 'P'''' 01 1100: ~ .hIo:' OK llI.alion tilly haw II'.....! in ",hoLa.1y d'Kua.ion. 01_ ,.,. ... !he q-o'ron 'H_ mIlCh Chou, •• "", .n Talmud..: Iotenlu,u" m .... be "".!fully
..... m.no=d. and 'M O;Im'IO whoch I'" nbllil-''' 'rouhlrd by C1ui.llan ~.
mil" ..... uld III '""'-oIr -.-aluai(ct
B "O~ H ." .. nA~"'"
As not<ed by Sh~ Coh~". 'w~'- ;n I"n,,,,,1 rhe .abbi. oonu.ned Ih .... s.-hn w" b Chrl""''''''r and Ch"orian po!.miC. "p,nil Juda .. m " I mlKh Ikbo,..d que.,_ .. .. Jacob Nno . ....... nol..d 'hoot. 'If _ -n' III pro. poH Ilh ..... on 'RoII"" a.od ·C" ... h.n;"" i" 'M Talm...:llnd mod"'h baxd on the eo-odrrK. (of 'M ",.,. Ta"MI' ''' "",hi. i. _ld DOlI pnxI"''' nwty
p,opoo.(iono .... N .. ull1ft ",m~lr made I" -.. llrO<IlJtI <I";,,,: M nu,,,·
I.a"~ ,"", ·Ch,; ..... "", playa no roIr of «In"",,!"""''''' no ..... Ilol<eo ,~ _I· .... ..,.., ..... _I.,. . . .. I ... I· ... p dod _lind • ...,. hid to b"" ..... 1OU...,.,h~
pcoaocc 01" cl.to,ms of ChUf~"'t)''''' S,m,\.a.Iy. UrbK1I atit srd d"" • • ".~ Ii..! no "BN of "'''1liiie 'piM' 1>."11" .. ,, ,~:u. aM aru,n" _ of the .... IIucnc:t ofh" v ....... b(foot 'M mel oflbt T." .... illC~. and 'M bqo"nml of ,1M: A moD'" "",1Od. ,ha, " "Py. unhl 'M w' r' ·Sc.al UJ"ull' '''''IDn of eh,,,,",,,,y 'l1'ho '1"'" of hurl _h'''I-.nd ". pofHIla. co"" ... inn.nd d,fTul""' .. ..
AI no&fd by Itobon u... fm. kith Hopi" .... w """""'. '" 'M KtuaI """,ton ofCh"ltwII I" ,holifl! ,00 Y"t" afItr "" ... ' dotal" ..... ntlfmdy " 2'6 ' r~ This fKID<. whith ,hIli fit hat .-wed "'"Y hnle.nd 1I000 ... f ....
\or)' ar_"", '" the leltoi-afll' "'Ie" ....... mtnl ........ ..",Ion. II I tlp,f",""" ono. fw Sl<"phm W,,- _"II""Iy_l'K' "'hm ....... rol<' Ih .. , 'AII'M while ehll.h.n"' ..... numnlUou,. ,nf'eoor and pollllcally leu fnpKbbl. ..h"," it .... Ihroughou" M peo-ood ~ "'" CQnC,",nN wuh_ ,"""" WOIIld ............ mIlCh I::u ,..alOft lOr """. 10 con.;..-" ,hrtn ... 1vn ... "h elln."a", .ha" tho: ..,..,.. ....... And. ," Wil ..... [lOtI' on 10 ..... "Thlill pn·,,, ... ly .. ·ha. ,he ""dena: Indic.!ttI". Hopton •. TOo. ~ lhe ·.INmc~ of uplKil mtnllO>! ofeh ..... ri."' I" 1M mOIl of •• bbon,c.l "'."'n",· " .nd concluded Ihncr.,.., ,hat '..-.0.1 ...... IIofuie lOO dlll DOlI oIMou.", un! aboul ChTilll.:lmll'''~ T ... 1,,,kipS rnnlull of th" OPP"";I~ .. I ... r- '" r.lmlic ),lna, ..... indK:ab. II J""ilh loeu n<N:d. thll 'Iuda;,m ............. of. probk-m 10 ell ... "."", th." ChTi""nil, ,.". ' .. d.l.m ....
rnclc.ed. UTilOCh ",modr ""rw lOr I hogh dle- of ""uuon ,n ,mple",.nl. '''I biI OWn ' anti-ChmIWl pol mi<' hrrr ...... utical.pproacb.nd dnnandcd ..tr.ralno", ," p.Oj: w",.n .n:j·Ch.ilb.an '" .... pr .... ,oon 10 Ih .... that r.lbhon", oourcor:
I" dot« .. In; h*," of debate.nd polu"itln lho U)'Inp of ,ho S .... _ ani' ..,.,. .... ndcd • II,,*, dqmoo- of . aution and • pl.' ph''''v",1 foundal_. ,,, .. ..,.,. not 10110 en4a~ by f,a,hhtd IptCulitton.o. by ....cMnit.1 Inttt~'_' N""""",,,1ot I" I ",ia1 " .... 1 of r.lbblnic 1tom,1oet dt-po-..". ... . admllwdJr.
from.ee'''I_bnport:ult d.,allo . .... , In Ulv" ... "nl 1"'1 ""val
IIorld .. VIrO"'" m ..... boo: b'8hlyaubOW 10 n:fn,n from =illJ<'Dllon and from Ihe .. 1Sh 10 d'KO'Itr _ I .... n .. oaicI."
'Mut IhD .. 1<I boo: ...... dered. I 'poDp'" phllolopc~ IOun.b,_· U<b>ch. unli><· lu"",,,!y. dDct not upiJcillr cIru.1. II iI ,I ... tf .. " d.ffio;: .... 10 .. .., h," ""'.nl .... I prxDClllui<\d.ne, b ..m. _ tot>. it, u '1"""'" phll<>loJoa.llGunolalion· may bo: "",Ide.ed. a 'far-kto::hcd lp«uiHlon' by anotlwr. Th .... tw' ,J_ of the dntu.bin, .p«b 0( tht ... 11,«1 u..o.. dltcu ...... : .Iw ""noro. tim II II d,fficult '" ntabloah clo:ol. Cn .... " to enlu.", Iny ....... _ '" _ 1 lpeo:.6c Talmudic drct .. m u. "",,1_ 10 Ch"",,nily.
n.r moon I'or ,hil """"" '" , .... "'-T}' n»u ... of"'niI: .... ,oa.! and ho.m"llca.l LL"""'t .. ~. whv~ ..... kn II nll",,,I, J.fficulilo bo: ncawd I ... • ........ 11y. I)sILllIJ _ Iaclo: any k""",W.- nptd, ... ,he -.c:me b .. ..,..o cuo:: .. ....-1aJVft in .. -hitb nbbu.jc uri". ...... f",m .. !aled.. A. I _ .. II ..... r
abolit)' 10 ap~ ,''''' _oopol,lJ<al fu rv:'-' of anr lpor:'l\c <ivtum 11-,. bmi ...... The .'""'not IUpploed. by the loUow'''I'midruh' ... n ma .... !hiJ potnt
.pJ'Ol'ftIt:
-1"- fo:nllkcn my ..... ..,.. I h> ...... otoffmy '''",",,''ine:..' llor. u=7! - Whm Cod lu,,". "" ~b-lIlnnon 1'ftIOa,,,", , Whom God fors::okft I plac. il bt-oool F Z I ~lon8 plxc r", d.mDrlJ. And .., SC'op!u.e A)'t: -Yo .. r hoxoM' h .. beroo, .. fur ."" a h)""la', elm
O"'. , :ElI·" 110,01 ",,,, not known Inylhin •• !zc>ul Ih," ·midn.h: n c .... 1d hzoo: .ead .I '" qu,1< I . lltzO<hrd ,"blrini< exJo;;rrtallOfl. ,''''' lubjoocl of .... hvh .. , ..... 1.11 ... of lhe Temple "'""nl an ... lhe do:Jt.uclion oflho- Temple ,n 70 c ... I ........... "". 51=? ;1 undnnDod by YI, ;"" • .-.bbo"ic _rc ...... speak,"I 0(, .... /tru.".I .. m T",n"",. " B .. , _ "" know ......th'''Ilboll' ,It ~ulhor. "" I .... d .... of ita com,..,. Don. and >bou • • be un:Ul1lJlallCeo in w\lvb J. '""" """P pd. PI '""" ... ,,_ br I .... "",.,,",,,,,,,,,,,y AnI..,.. ....... C," .. , . h Fa,"'" John 0.,.-""" and ....
porl..r h •• fin! hom,Iy ...... _ 'Iz<}two. .H....ed. ",II a kw....,.. bo:l<u ,he low .... hohdap ,n :rul .. mn ,&6_ .. In th .. hom.ly. eh.,..1om .... ked th_
ChnJ"~nl ........ P"rtv,~ In oyn.>"""l_~v .. and who Iud bem 'ltend· .nl' .... Jt'WIdI '1 ....... of AnI, .. d. IP«Zfially WI ,'''' lim day of.ho ,,",,"" rea. ~Ioe 0( ihtor IlIrx'_ ... the ...... 1Sh . UI""" ofbkowinl ' .... Shofar WI WI !by." It ...... ", allth .. ~ ... not on"'" .. ndr:nlancl Clu,--1om'1 ·mid~hv· ..... ,_ in • concrele nurnnc.-h ..... of ..". T.II "r. .. '" 1M jorw.dllzou..- of pr.,d. not ... lhe T"",pIt'--hul aim '" "Pf"K'I'" Ilis
'0 .. OT H .... ST ........ O
moti .. tion and ronc:~N. Ihbllinll: hom,lo1lca1 and r.<qIt1ical malnlal. on ,be Wflllny. doeI no. _ in .... 11 mn""""uol lnfarm'hon. For ,h .. n:asorI •• eld·
.... II ....... thnnxloft 10 ClDfl/eCIII ... abooot ,,,," "'a..-g.:t' « .. ~ rabboruc ur· ,np. It illh ...... y umc r",to bowc>u. ,II'll maUt ., III dlfli(1I1t 10 pt'O'ft' I ... h <OO\fKlllfft.
Vui ..... mnoldrrl' .... _"""lei lit- borne In m,nd in .h,nti ... ~I'~ rnlltrro. Fi ........ ""'y .... , lAM .... be ..... IN 10 d10crml Inllw:ntt Ilo-W bot
.nlf'r",r:kd .h.ai .... r. A Ia' nl'f"H'''tI In II .... ""' ...... ""'" (in I"", 01 wdl-k'_01 """"'" ,",""II _n:eslllftd no, be noblftl to ell.ilignlty. Indeed. In rnl"l' CU<'O lI,e",u .haI: ",boWTIlend to nob .. to Clmnun ,nll--.... a~ to be fwnd al....adr in ,",""h .... Kft lhal pmbw Chfllhlnn,."
s ... d . _ ....... yllnl In nbho .... t.!n:aIIl~11w doeI ...... a' 10 berd ,n" cal II n.,.",su.ily d • ...,IN aIP.not Om.tt.>nlt)'. Tilt n..., ell" .. ",,,. wcroe .... ,he only non~nK IJ'O"p ,n Palrohow ,n thor lin. r.,w cm,"'--: ,hcr.,
....... ~ .... Sa""".u .... and G.-IICI. u -" U _flbbo,u, Jews ofnr.·
..... _U . ........ ",iestJ. and OIh ..... The poIIibihty 01 in~l"""'i"8 I g""'" nbbinic """ on ,hor t.ckdrop of""" u t","", .-·Cbriltlln II' -.pt. rather than in ,lit «on .... 1 01 Chntl;,,,,I, . • hould lhond"Ift _1""3)"1 be <10.",01.,,0:1.
F.". e:umplo,. a mod ... h in ,lit Sifrr 10 NllmMn rmph.lIIiuo; .1It idea Ih.:n ,he I,...., ["I....n') ""'" "~" f\'iI 1_ )7:"1.- Thi. mlpbalil. """ m'am ",.h 10 'pKII!lIe. 1I«dJ 10 be .nlnr"""" .. T~1ftI 10 Ihf: ....... 01 the tlK, ..... 01 land. " 'hieh i'l cntl",l ,hem<: in the ft;wi.h.eh.illW1 pokmic. Marc Hi .. h"",n . ",ho dl", .. " ... thlf mid."h al Itnglh. I"dold hints al II .. : poII,blllt,
of • ..,....'''1 .. nlllDfl1t"ulu a:mpo"enll m "lIht « tM 'm'<'T-rcliglOll. OOf\t ....
...... y."" Ho .. otl. ,h .. mitbuh u ... p;rrn IIr.ocl to p. ieJrl ~TId crnpN.fll'eS !hoe
.. gru6clnc~ ofltroo-<>Icdjc afTOI'~h .. ,he d«1 .. ~ faclOo In ... h~,ng~ 010' .....
Ind ..... hIJ" - 'Fa. the~,.. of a p''''''t .bollklllu~rd k.lUWbl ..... no! ''''''' ohould _k INt""'\ion r ....... hi, ......uh.b he illhe .............. of I'" Lord of HOI"-(M~l. 1.71-_""" the Torah <e",u fau n h r ....... hll ....... ' h ... "' """,_, ,td ;00 ~ """"'''11 I¥!. bill ,r not he 'f dee"''''' ;00 In an, "",I and .. a bPul. which doct not '"""IP"D: Its _TlCf." ~dl"lllQ lhe nudrub. " is .... """'1 priestly du«",'. ill I..:h . boo, ",the. one" ~\tt)' ofTonh. ",hK~ mnrrn .. ~,ty on _ .. ....,h,"II. Hmn: • • 1It .... , m,.,. .......,1.,. be: I ................ :lI .,., 'nt,prinllp
p:1 mic,. ..-hKh "' ....... 10 pL:oc.- thcw who .tudyT ..... h on' hiP. rd,P"'" Jr;vd u..n the po dll. not If In Inlr-Ch .. sllan """." n.. bt\ln' ponobobty ohould no!
.... enh~ IPKIu&.:i. 01 COll~ but iI should no! be prmltat<!. ot:Uiler. Finally. ~ If the ........... qllftl ..... of <bunf. h*1 cd. wben 0<10 reads
U,bo<h am .. I.,.. _ .... nwd .. 1dy m in .... lAM t.hc proccoa of Cllrutlan.t)'·. npid .pmd. 110 ,"'IoKh Urbatll n:frn If the nup" n ..... for .abbinic
I!tHODUo;tlO!t "
.nl;-Cllrl.".:m ."111( 1M p<liemi( . boopn ... .,.In the thIrd un,",),. noI eo.hoe •• H~. "hI'" ~ """"1'11 of I Lol<;-rOlltlh.anlu.y I~bbnlC fIOtlln .. an Inh· Chri.tJ.an polemIC m"}' be xctplaWe. lhe IIII'M ..... bOn ""ih ~,,",I to.
"'""""'<mlury .... , ' .. by Ib .... I .. ~. mIlCh ..... 'u.,.. Thls. Ibm. ;" .... of lhe mill" ."ummtJ 0( the po MI .'udy. h .. 1OOd
of aswm""II,hM Chnsuanily kad I cnu",) role I" ,he b ..... 1><In of nbboal<
Iud""". I ....u. 10 add ..... \hll .... , funcb ....... ",. ",,"110'" \\"MI_ the roIr u",1 C .......... nJlJ OCC"l'1td on ,he ""nut_ ""'f.,. '""bon .. Jurb'.m~ Thi. 'I .. uhO" ,. "'~.,. o:¥m Q,so:d. 110_",,,. Ioonuoe ..... , .,hob" apparmt.,. UK ,I fur JVOl"IN tllat ChnwaniiJ ..... im ,J. II,nl hc.anl fx"'" .... nn wbic"
the oabbot '''UIlIIiod. In ""''', ... 10 Ihil ",I;m"".~n~ uiom. I argue lh", lhe _mphon cone"nl ... ' ...... 1P"11o.n<r of CII,"' .. n," .... the J ... <,-p-moMt of r.>bbonlC fud.;,wn II far _ "as ",1eII.nd Ix •• 1 Ii .... "'ot.w.:os ~I as h .. 1IDtoa'. b.o .... I duolllOlk>w. the .. ""'.1 d,1fn"nI pallo..
M",,,,"nd 1M M.k,n, or Ch •• ,lIIn;l,
A. "'''pnII",:OS "m,,}, ..... nd.:III mIlCh :III t ......... hob" wbo anbnu the -tKWoullo<>ko Kd:; to dilmlllile lhe .... ' If hold dlCl_lI, bclWftII ludaiom and Cllo,tilInil,. in fx' ,hoy implxilly mnf".n t .... YlCW of ludolllm .nd
Ch.i" .. ",I, a. IW o/ill;"'" """"",, ,~.;,; ..... I" Y",.,.'·. ""proach. ,h .. i.II' ...... q",1e an ~.xpllC" ""potiho,,: he 'p"U 0(-,,,,,, ,; .. 1,,,,,,," ..-ho I""",, aloniPidc
...... anoth, .. - "Bhl .n." , ......... 1."".10" of Inu .. """ in 70 c .... '" T ............ aPl'ftOoCh. too . • It ...... '" anp .... i.in,,"" xtual dolC ",btio ... hipl \lrtWftll I ..... and Chili,;,"" .. . haml ,h .... m. r~n<b",n.".l V>eW. I'or, ~"'''8 of luda .. m and ClltllUUlil,:III I...., pu;llid linea oft ..... "''"'"'' lilt o~ Ind 1M .. ...., """' ..... of S«""d Tan"'" IndUiani impl .... t ....... , lnal on a cone." .. 'ual and norni .... I .... ~ . ....., .... orm I. I"", d'I1,,,,,1 m""". To be . " .... bnth "" leis ,,11ow fOr int' .... ttbbOnlh'p- Iooet~ 1M mm>brn 0( lMoe ..... ""rion ... a ,w,'" tau". SonttheleN. bolh approxhea prnUPpooc!and mUi ..:affi.m) ,'''' """" fundamental and ukom-for-sranlftl __ of )\ldawn and Ch"rt~""r'" I'fI'O dJKroett ff:ll(pOUland _ul MI,t_.
Tha, C"'m1 ... 1.,. Ihlnp dc.dopd in ,hi. d"''''i .. " _ cannot ...,... Bn:_. t .... "',. Yluull'" all .,hob ... IKJft t ..... Ch".Il:uuty .... ;II ,II Ima""" .• ~"h pIw .... , ... ""' ........ II "'....,. allo •• d 10 uk bow and ,"'Iwn it ~ "-'hI'" of "'hid, ,-F" ''',nk a. _ .. ~ ,UI .. \IJhal_~ the oociohi<brit.:o)l>nd OIhnJ P • I."""'''' w ....... ,be -}csuo "OOte"kIl1- becamr "'CII" .... " • .,..}
.. nOlH ... UUA.","O
t.a"'oe'I"~ Sch,rr"':lrI hal ....... n that ' the tan ... i", did not ~ the earliest
Ch ... " .... ,. ... cor .. III>. I>nll" orp;ar.'e ""~IP""" coon!nllnlly:" I .. he (IOU on I<>nok:
[ __ ,f..., \Oft\" I<> acup' many ol ,he ""btl.uI""l¢tlloenU In our
IOUIUII "" (ace nl .... and .... "'" 'M .iobt ..... ol ht.>I'-- In .he OIly Chrillgn wmmllnlly 10 lit ....... ecIerui"". u.. ftfly Chnn"'''' _ld mil \It cor • ,ed IewJ. H<w.bocould __ ...... I1o.t!he cla,.".lkat lall ....... !nlnlde ..,,~ 01 ..... oan , .. ..... Id ka"" tn any .. ~ rdtorc:lord OIl I'" Iew>Jh -',"w ol .... folk, 1iI1. F.-.. tn.. ~""'in lhot d .... n'ly or M ..... h.Io'" ol jorsu • ••• _ld nul . In I'" ....... olw Tan ... ,m. 10_ mod ........ rIy Ch.,.!oa"" .... t oI.ho- jcwtsh communlly."
How .• Iom. _..., 10 _1II"""1or "'''''8''1«' olChn .... ruly u an 'otlon: non_,","" oodorft'r>"" mIRYl'" Or. :oII )..dIU! IMY .ka.ply lilrmuw...!. u.. ql>8tlOn: 'Wbm dod 'Chriltwmf lint ... "'e .... / · ..
S"'pr'OIngIy. 1"'" q ..... ta1 illItIcIom Iddmooed by SC~1f of ... bOillic
Iwblnn .. '100 .,tdook the lliew Out\ook.. Either • ...,. out.cribe ~ ,r"neon.:;0..111)')10 an <:Hrnti.~" \'1t'W 0[11Id."", and Chrosll:lrlily 01 t .... dilrinet ",logtONllfIht from C1u,Jri .. ",tf' very \oortlo !I". ftlhn frun 1ho: bIM of!aul • .. from Paul', mlnlmy 10 the 8ft'tiloo), .. lhry ."""hl"""Ii<ally "", i.el a b~ lute of.ffai .. on.n cui .... Ita8"_ O.n;..) la.1ter and Sa .... h 511011"' ..... open. inR ~teno:c 10 thel. ",,,' udy, no. ","",,,,k "'1'1'''11< 1M P,it". may ..,."" ••• u..,fulaompio-. "The )ewillo·Clorost~n <Iebote " aI old n Chnflia,lIly: tMy w"~. ·Soon.rm- In .... 00.10. Cloriitian ",,,. ionariel 11«._ atri"" .monS lewl and P"'lI-'no .• "d Ch. iltiln " .. thoot compc»«l a number or """,miul woru ol rud .1 tonvlnclns btltb jVOuptI ol th~ .. ullo oll'" ""W .... bgOon.·~ In order 10 .,.,.k of 'Christian mi ......... "'" 1" '110) bea"", ac""" ."""'8 """. and P.p .... : WI.1t .... """1 10.'" pnood • ...,.. .r .... In ... ' """,,10: <lnr.-ds
10 mu..," 'IP""" the fcwJ.h_ ol ~u.- IOIIo"dl and II> V_ Ch.utoanl1y ... d"hnct .oCloftbpowo mllly .I<ndy fr<;m .hot ciayI of "","I. TIle orp;ar>11! .... 1CrlC., of lucia .. ", and Chmtilni'y as two dilt""'1 oe6ponl II Simply •• ken ..."., IiIr granted,
Quille .... oppmlle f • ...., out Ttrtuni.>n: • fi_1 _ "''''''''M' CIot1$l ..... : ·Clofllll.:lono.", ........ .... bornl"" I ....... , ton,.. '_gl orher' .. no! an Inhrortnr (Ioar..,-. one ...... 'born' .. a -_lal OIher: one r..- • ..u.! And IIKooni"l' '_1Al othrr· Is lhe ~ult ol_ial and d'K .... I"" .... 1I1p<>!a-""'" Ilail"""'h ........... mk> • ...,10 • <3"'801" TIoil. "",w'h. " no! <Jon" ol ,,, ..... n OICCOId: 1000_* , ... d. 10 ~ t .... ~ and the npobo~ry 10 Inln><!"", ...... lIKmbrn ol_oeIf .... , ... It • "tie. \1,. MN.. u .... ku, ...... "'h
"" .oovey,o.. '1
~r.e. l~ who......., in_1ft! ,n tranlf"ormln.1OItI<' Ino .. into "ot"""" and
10 u~ the ,nec!tar, ....... tka. m .... ''''' I .. '" ~I "h~t il """'1 ..... 1)' arne 10 ~ a d,rr~ _ion:lrl'O .... Willy Iii,.. Ii_ ou' ,id" thr confi...,. <L ju.ui,m •• Nc ... "Ch,,,",,n' I,:
II i. pm:iRI, ",Il ... 1 Ihll ·t.."",M ·.,allled· ..... n.ption tha, ~
lIo,at,n·, ~t conU,butlOnl ... 'hO': .ubjec. lhcr.r.Jd "'" .. ;.,.,., •• 1. In h .. booIr: 0)' ... /t>. CM. Iloy~fln fin, KUpu .he m •• n ,""""",1"", <L ,100 ._ U<TorI: Urat 'n<l .... of.hO': m""h usrd mc1:apbrrf <L """,- .... .uuah'"" 10 d.;(rihe
the molions WlOOfttl CbnflJan .. , and rada, ..... 0-,_ ... llpllll ...... ld boo ~.e=<d a. 'ilav,na antm ....- or lfts IOFtMr ~jnoriully "'" of the old bibli· cal rWaion o(anr:_ Isnd af~ .irU'II8,ha! alWdEd the pwpk ofbrad
,n t .... lin, emlu.,.-- Thm. 110., ..... "" pI-. ltep faru"" and ..... u Iha' .he .,noh,p mo:bfrt-l be- -,,".robrzd ....... ""' . • ", .lrt imply. i ..... f:orlo .• he ...... <L a<pn1C """lteII"nd aMol ..... oq>aDl ...... • ,hal ""'...,..J..s ... dllpi>a." ......... , .J... implICit IIondtOlbnd.aa. he ""g&elll. • ... n JudalllM and all Cbuni.tra.tirro sIu.., fea' ...... ,lui nlJ,U .hor:rn I II. 0ftUJIllc
flm,ly: '" Thit lrach h,m 10 conclude: 'Rllher .han ~ .. I!r.I. but ,.., "'bally
tr'plI""~ h"lOroet. I p'op: , c a morld of .hlf\'ll.nd erEllICzoul,. bEM':f <L hit· lory and ..,J, ....... ~lopmnlL ..,
TItEl bite of thought i, r"Z111er do;.t4r«i by iIoJ3nn.n ru. Ired; I<ntr u~a; Tlo. ",.,..,it"'" 0{ J,..j .... ·C •• in ... ~jlr. Hen! hO': .."phasi_ thai "'" it "no
Iongn p~ml 10 thmk In le<m. of plfUl'Irr!' 01,11'"""" mt,lin_rd'I"""'. if I"U .. ,I1-llrat came I.r>r!uallyor ",M '''M ' 0 macl ,'''',, d,rr~ ,n. '~"ing of the "", • .' ... For. in h .... itw. ·.h~ bordmo trc. ... ~ Chnalian,ty .nd JrHbi,m at",:lI conllnocll!d and 'm~, .. " I;foc:lal ~nd poI,tocal as ~J of ,hO': borrJ..n on "flh .. , I ... t as , hO': bonier M-IWffI\ !-it'Jico arid ,he Uni~ S'Un l. a bordrr tM' .. .". ImP'J'<'d t.,. tlfO''II people orr ....,akt'l' p ,3plc. ICI 100 .. the Irordr:.- ""I ........ Chd,IIan", and )tr<b,.m. - The q<.ICII""" ,hat need 10 "" afko:d. '~ft! . """",,n8 10 !Ioprrrn', _ • • R! 'How and why lira. h<>nIcr W';lJ
... n llft! and who .. ~ II ... • "" it W';lJ ,n an'iqu,1y ...... dar....ct 10 maR .IOCh
a d,ffi:. ell<E. hoot did tbey KWillpl .. h tor ~ 10 orccmplilh) that maklna,
and .. ·lral 'lQlllllratdroooo tbmV .... H~ " .... " Ilral ·thrdilC<lOl .... _ u..... <L •• on t.oduol and hrrn, 1'""""'" .. 1c:00l """ tr""""I .. ~ roo ' hO': "*""-.._ <L ....... Joey of lud,"m :and Ch"''''n;'''~ TIt_ d,"""' .... h ... produa:d. in J... .1t'W. both Cb'i .... ruly and .......... m. :lI a,oAcd ·g,hcr·.,( nth ocbof. In
<lui '""'1, """ an ....... t hi, pta",el i7I ·.n inq'''rf 1n1O ... hoot "Chri"w>JEy' and ·,ud"; .... ' as the ....... "'. d,ffi:luu ,h., .. -j: aU 'rd>(Iioou;: ca,~ ,11lO
bei ... ·' · In Boy>nn'l .--...... W';lJ a prodOOCI of a "d ............. of t..rn,: In
whoch ~n mrp;:ru, .... _ IIIl «O"d ,td i1s.gllllna~ and ~
denollnu:d. A«t>rd;"gl)'. be lUlu ......... aoo .. II, dod IlKII a discourR I,i.., ill l ..... lA1I?'" Th .. .,...,.1lon ... ,11 lUnd II 1M foc ... of lhe prncnl moly. 100.
H_ .. ~I. ""'~rin aU''' .... INI lhe rabblnj( 'djtco • .,.., of Iw;.u,· ~bk'd ." Chr .... w1II' Inc! d .... I .... Ed in mteracllOll .... ,. h I .,m,b, Chnt.",n _ ." nw IIsumptoon c"",'" It.. frallltwo,k I~ ~t ... ;illy ~bleo h..tm ID lug. 8""" ,hat. 'lull '"" fot Ch.i .. ",n or, t.odoqI the Itth ......... , for .... Rahbui u... ,,,ouI .. d. not lU.pt' .. """ . • ,.,.,- ;., ,'" 110<, ...... '" G .. • ... """,,d"'11 ." ,h,. "I'P ..... h . """ rabbinlC""lOII of "" ..... '" a mlt_ 011"" Ch"'lIlIn not""" 01 fa"" .".h,"8 (OrICmlmllllioe .1",_. Ird .d •• conI,,,, 10 IIoyvin. "'" only .. the ,ne,""", of ...J"", irI d.alCll raID"", '""u ""I".."lml 10 the mnn ... of 'hear' on nrJr Chri<tWi liIft'M\l'~. boil f •• bt,cood; II .... abbln>< dlKO\l'x of "',"'" ;1 l.mlC' .. ral ..... pon .. 10. conbempon._ ChnoWl" e,""u...,..: ·Iho. talk of ......... and M'''''' """",.10 do _....n. Ih>l ....... ·n. ,,,.,.,k'd·-rn lhe
.".,. of , .... Rabbit. of -., K by lhe eN]Im ... ... oJeot.t, '1"<"hOil'. ra.....! by IUlb" M lJlyt ard con!fWI)', ....
BaJa"n th ... ""Ib OUt rco: ... from ,be rNllOOlI bH-.... Judo ..... :and Ch ... " .. rutr to .... J"IICOOI_ lhal made lhem Into dllle.ati ,.,...h""" Y~. H m...:h. hltlppn>lo<h 10 I"" rabbl,,1C mal ..... 1 conlrib....", D • ......, n .... nco:d In':llmm' of I,"", q.onllOiU II Nrd. on I"" md I>e don not &part fown lhe I ........... al m.uw;_urk guid."II Yun!'1 work ....... d!'" lID ",fueh 'nno.," ..... in""," ...,1<gio", tOOltion .. a .... "11 of a confronwion .. ,th I"" Ilw ... ri~ of I d,ff",,,nt 1'1E1<lIiou. IOO,loon. h orn Ih" U"".it<I.hcct",ica] prnn"'" Iptinp tilt- hlllol'lCal .u .. 11OII 10 ._ a dillC .. ni~ dc-ckip"""''d wllh,n .-.blrinic
Jud.i.m '"" a product of an ...-.coun ... \Ol1h tho competing ,di~ daims of Ch"~IW\l'J' And 11 ;1 p"",i .. 1y ,h,",h_ica] modol,hal t "1$11 I<) e'""I ........ in , .... pi """'111 voIulnt',
0 .... win ... rdr not dmr ""'" any "'''''''pI III .. nolnuand lho rabloon .. dlKOU_ of ,.,,~ ... 'ICC. lirl' 10 rKOntl.uc, 11 ClI,,J .. II)'. ).tOil «<mt cOlimliutionl 10
the 1OpC. 11O ..... ( , . do not 1lI~ ,hi. liP"'" I~," b' ...... ,t oscommonly
ukc:n roo- y.>n"'" IN' "';".", a~ ........ ..:.; ,ha' II. pC' ,I. who hold r ..... docIn ...... t,n lilt- rab!u' new. of counq conc",n,ng God." ~nd lhoy ... ~_.,.
"""'"foed '"" Chrilu>no." AI ....... It. 'ho r>ObInoc pokUlic . '1>$1 W-"" II ........ Dr lmnptciH .. motr--.l by. Joc-'''IIlII.:oncem. Such:an IIfIp!OII(h ...,pbuo_ , .... d"UrlCh"" I" +11-'] --.1mI of .... Joet ....... I ............... '" S»d 10 ........ _boa,"". and ,. por.ny. lhem aoo ,f • ...., ~ .. pi., 'nI'",~ ·ph' ..... plucolldllDol. · .u , • ......,. d~1 rown IhM or .... rabbi .. Thn •• it as
are -.! ... eml1OrI>l,," flClnl tI~.1 ,Mnkin" whICh il f..,q..endy .. id 10 ~ bn:n n:Ialrd 10 ,ho:o, inl1orl"'riO' .... of Sc.ip' u",. It i. P"'Ci..ely btau ... (){ ,h .. "22on. JO th .. b~ of' tbou.ght ruN, thai the ~ f~k • .-d 10 ""'8" ""'. "8-'UlIi thoe Y~I. Thi. op,,_" port~ the ",btool" jf tn.-, ...... ma· .. d in thec.Ls",:al dmo .. , .nd ,t.... peLtOK llfI""ut the .. ,~'''' ill ... "mod 10 he mot" .. ~ by I WiU. n fOf doc,,; ... 1 ,,",h. A«c .. bna 10 tbilt '"poxh . .......... , ... ,..., 1>.'lI'" (){ I oocW .nd di.: ........ tomb:al. " ,he .abOon.: !OCIu ..... 1tn1 (){ I'" Chruli.n .... m "ho: .... ,:
A iNfOr a ... for III .. l""(tpl:lDn II I ......... ual .......... to,. .. h"h , ....
rabtoon.: .... iO!ml it fl'fq..ently tmll1P<i, ....... " add, •• 1..-, oxlu"""'1r \bote lie"" ,n .... ieh ...... 111 .1 drpicwd .n In..,. of.1I Ilk .L'V001 ,ic ... Un<kI-ly.nl th.llbw '''' lho: ·Ch ... t ... ni"'''1 ~p«u_.,. .... lIr .m"h .:hol,ro ~Iy • ......-h ,..., .... blIrn'" rnIIrrial, . 'hieh Ird lhem ",...n lIrl*: ..no.n ... h.eh dcoc:l,,~ 'P1I"'" IOIM: •• Iub. A. IbncI Frankf"'1<r nDtnI. "Scbobn.hip .... ncimt Mftiuft'rant'n ~hp:onl toml,,_ 10 1M: InlUb .. "d by ill <k~ on , ...... 1.,80,1 UltflDl'in:" ..-Iro:b .. ~ ul' ...-:ith "~ Rtformat .... '''''l0III WI rd.p:.ily ." Inuqu lty ...,.. I mat ........ 1KI1L'f and
doc' rilk'.-· The .,.,.. of ",;"j", pnma. ily ... ,,"',;.,. wbo hold f.l. "Ii<ji il I .,or!. ClIOIm!* lOr \ ... ~ oi l ""h I ·Ch"""'n'~"lI' ... ad,nl Df rab· binI< "",lI:rutl. Ih~ ii , the rn,"~~_ of .... bbtnl< .... 1UI throup tho: pn ....
ofeh,il' ... n notKlN.nd WI)lI ofIlID"PI." ThuI, for ~ .. m"lt, 114 • • ,1" Covdm.n.;" hll P'V' on ' Tho: Funcl .... of
/01." .. " .n [ •• ly hbbrnK lud.i •• n: ' LIltS -r ~'pI"'11y ,h., hil parad.gm for hil d,..-.. uicrn of nn..y '" ... bblnie I0Il": ... II ' I1M' ...... of 11K- let"m by
eh"";an. (rom "",Iy ""triltlC ~"nn ID mn ~o a IheoIoaKal opinion beld
in DfI ..... "ion ID what .hoH Chnlu.n. co...we.fti to Jr., lhe main.~am eh"",h . ." !Iop.in .Iu ..... Ih~ IIItI<' approoch: ill a ...... 11" on "The [n .... "Io" .. of M'n." he ..... ;nUm.IJut ·the .hclDnCal mm~ "' ...... w:iI'. ,.' product of .he arcountn ""tb 'oIthodo:o' Clr,il ll.1nlly. """",,,1C'd • IOmll. ....... pon ... f.om
lire Aabbn.,'" h., .... "","" "" 11188"11 th.r: "Tlull'Hp"".""'" prod...,. IXIn of. ultl"" ofpcopk .. ho ~ -r much!ru 1m, bu, .... ddinrd II other yta dcf«u In .ho:" IM-lref .. '"
A. 8oy;onn h,m .. lf..,adr ell':o •• hoACOCO . "Thr ~~ op","1""~
IkSI of I"'",",ehnl' Clr.i .... n ~ 01' • Chruna" modd """'" pc ' rk and p.ac:tI<1r:I who don't quote fil. 01' evm don' WIIh 10 iii ,h.>t ........,..nd M>rid • .,..... oIoou.ld "" ........ L· .. [II contrail , IJwn.fCft, kI hit own 'OuOfh;rnJ.lInlf app_h II> 1M nbbtni< d __ of "",,1111 mllnl>.in II ... 011. inq .... , ~Id
"""n ~""""II th~ _, .udlmnlt.lrJ' q ..... ,ron. rramdy, .. 'ha. II lhe ""'!rill of ,ho: ... blIrnie di __ of ......... 1 And iru ..... of ...... mlfII, ......... w ... 1M ",bbrnrc e"''' .... Im! 10 "liner: .nd .aut ...... «ntmr ....... lri...,. _ rKed
lO,..k ... "'t the I .. ..., ~ thai uoublrd the .ahiu In thei. mullP<' ....... t ... ;" .... In (It""" _rb. in (mI.traJi to 0 .. ,"""- ochob .. h.i,. I wIll not au .. me: that I know the Nlu~ of 1M nbbini< d,KOU.", of m;~III, lal,,". I ~U "y. finl of
:all. 10 ' ..... .,.11'''''1 ,I)'> A thorough I!'Dmlruhoo 0( the fdeo,;r.nl m.aletlal ~ th:r.1. ~ a
.. ngIr _,. ",ill ... is .'''Wlily M¥n ut«1.11ed ... pLcll'r Wllh Ch" .l11nlly. Furlhtr_. ,b faub,. p,_,,1ed Iry "".icMr. n .1y nbOrn.: ""'1I • ...,i..I J8p........... and ,I .. froq_1y _ ",1ft! "'lth 1M ·".>Ioonrr "Ihe -'<I: Mi,,;""
...... dlnlPr. ~~ COOI>ItUCICd Q Itws ... 110 M:plInttd lhorm.d'd from tho! tommllnlty. AJ RICh. ,bey a .... ~ .In ....... who ""ntd thu''''''f.<amp. Th .. '"118"11 WI. b h""lInlan rahtu oft"'" J«ond and n.1y tlIlrd«nlllf)'. "' ........... no .... a ..... I ....... m ..... 1 u....... than • do<lr .... I_.
Admotoredly. _..oil .... 1«01 Juw, ..... 'nbutrd to """ p<IUpt .... ' of ,"'" .......... In cl_ial nbbin.: "~I ...... f""" • doclm..! pen ..... h.. ..10..:10 -.no 10 .. m.anr 10 be ... 1f..,.idtll1 and of no netd lOr anr 1" .lJftcatoon,d "," i~ 8'- lhe ,nlP'~"'M that 1M "P' IN1 of t.J:.o. "' ........ Iiot in lIMo fXI thai thoy ""'Id "'""'l"nd una<a'pkd .-. .• nd that t'-~I do<ln...,.. -..: lhe ...... IlLat ItOIIWtd the II"" A , ......... gh IrDmlnation" .11 ICIt' CIItU to "'''',''' and ", .. 'MI In ,.rlitJl .>bbomc: (T.nnalllQ ittrmotu .... "",",C oc •. ,"",alo thai lito: ,,,'IIrt" .. m""h IILOfI!' tompn. Mj~1Il .. fftqumtly
.pokm of ... _,al"'i"WO'''''', and m'"',,, ..... ~icttd lor nt"""" .... IUI not
ooly ... COP""'''"' dinc::nlinK""" 1>1>\ allo .. "" -,,,, d,rr"''''1 c ... kIm. and ways of ~ .. (,nK tM" ludalfm."ln '0111(01110 ,he "","""Iroml dq>ocllOOl of ",In"t. dim.. I MOU draw .ttmtion to Ih~ c~nlr;ol'!1 of ~1"n>I, bUI r;olltn <ommu ... I._,.l, 0""""'" 'n Ina", 0( tbe tahltini< \1:1110 peruinl"i to "';" IIl. Fu" ..... mor<!. [ .halioulUjnl thai Elfft\ln (uti! "'Mn' ",lUI .. p,""n~ as t.J:.o.
held",,, of • '~~iLai ....... "a..,. of thew "iocw. <an be:: ",10"'" to .11 <ybI<~.
,ia/otto".,.. of <Im,.1 of Cod ... hi<h ..... oem lor Paln"n;." nbbo.ulreadinH to
• _urlC' .. lion 0(1100, """ .... community. AccordIngly. J M~II,"JII"fl , .... , ,ho! CIDft of tlte polrm.: ~. 1101 pu.ely Ihtok>p:.1. one .Iw. hu to do .. IIh .anowr
...... "Io' ion • • bout tM 1\;1111", oI'cod. Ra,,,,,,", II ......... "'" 00ft tho! "OIIty and _ , 01 mtlnKeofiM Joe'I.~M community.
Fu"",bOnally. tho! a,1y ,abbonic d,JalU' se of ",100 ...... d_ .... 01' _ •• [ bourIdar ..,.. M Ka .... K'''8 hu .. ·"tlm: ·'Orthoclc.y· a.nd ''''''''''1'..., ....... of rnh.,."", .hat aom to atliclllo", lito: mc:I" .... of ""f ... 'I\L1e IImulu.teo '"Iy .. Imong and _kodi,. oIMn .. ,!It,,, tJw I"""p .... And I"'" nbbnic dianv._
IIITll>l>\!ClII>" '1
of ",I .. M' it .. 0 e=pt_. TIw! q ..... ,ion Ih., ",,"do II> be asked. howe ...... It .. nrJer ""hal ~' .. "m""""'" ..... h II • d,OCOOJ ... botn. n... _"*'II'" bl T. EriklOlllheorl:ml tha,. _icty" need to ",llIbl .. h 'If ~'I bound .. · In is a rault 01 III ..sm"1J (fl'" It " .... 80"' ... "'conlln8 10 ,h .. IMory. ~ diOCOOJrKol mam ..... rxeof identIty bou,wnt, III • -ieti" mel""" toaocUl ,,'ual>On olldm!llJ' e';liII. Whm a _Itoy"' ido:-rtJ.'lJ' i ........ ,"""'" .nII «InM"
qucntly b< hI t I unllay... ,hat _...,. m.,. need 10 rftItlIbh.h Ito Idm!lly.
n. .... r""l ...... l)'dont-..,.~I ... bouncb, I ~Ial,m.B · , •. ~"Itu .... l. or """*11<.1-10 dtlltly 6m\.1Ja1e 1M 11.- 01 b<1onp",. DKoW"B 'Who ... an:' .1.1> ~·Who .. " ..... R.o,lott,han ftlIPtp'" ill • procbnu,oon of .tII diltmct~ 'Id(; " _hOCJOO,O _ 01 ill uwmbtrs .nII con.tnKti ,hem as
"01 ........ thtlcb, am ..... '''11 ,he "",",blyq" .. ,_. ·Who.~ _1""" , .... " wI)' """lann, '",ho _...., not;
AI .......J br t"" cognil''''' _""'", E..,w, lnubnd. ,h,. h'pptllS .... p"' ... u, dOIri", J>ftMKI. 01 grnI inll"'bo~lJ'":
1111...". II" th""'F • m"""" idmUIJ' « ..... «If cumplt ........ pt. juot lik Ind,..duals. b«oo,1Oe m",h _ ..... eu""ol' ..... bouncbfXI. Pamub.1)' .n ........ bout ..... , odoent"y. I...". Itnd to ......... lk O'O u ..... w"h 11<1I00I. Mr .... y. _nil OIhtr h1ruar-iono .ndol_ .-.,-110 """""'. ' , ,,,,, ol_Iu.IOn.· ,nd..d,nB pcr_"'_. II • WI)
ol tNffirnun,'hcm."
The J>ft,od ,mmcdi.!tIy IOIlowin8IheMs" """""" of .... S""ond T<"ltlpiean be IttI1 II such I pniod ol "'OIIboIIlY '" ,he- hillOr, 01 V.Ieo"" ian ~i.h _i<!ly in .n,;qu"y. AI will be .nown. "'IOU' lOu'-':H indeN 'Hufy It) ,hu·xiJt<'ntf' of ." idt:nlny e';';ll" pl«l_1)' ,h., nl. A«Ofdln8l)'. 1 ."lIII""t inlnp'et;n' .... nlbbonk d;"""'I"" ol ",I,,~, ....... ,..., ... 10 ;m ... ",i.InIII.1 c" .... willeh ...... bmughl ....... , ..,. Itoman ' ."'''''y Inc! !.,..; ... okf ... n. In ons.-. 10 ...,. ... .., I" i,.,lf
I .. d,,"nc'''''' idoo-nb'" Poltaulloan I<'wMh _idy load 10 .m ....... ,he '1"""10",,. 'Who .Tt ..... /. ~nd !bil Wi\llIClloe-wd..,.. di ........... of "'''''''. on "''h'''h ...... mmlKn 01 tha, _oetr...-nt L>bri..! .. """I", and .bie ... hy cor:tITT""'\II'd .. 'OII1n.' and pbad be,ond 1M p;>lt.
Inlurtwdy. _ ....... 10 .. ~ ..... th., !M r.=lu.oon C( ....... c( _"','1 n>cmbn-s m .... boo rcb!ord 10 I <nl.>'" ...... II .... , in rclpKl 10 wh<h IIw>oc """Iudo:d ......, KnIll ~ ... n ... :and boon,,_ of .. luch lhey ...... .,.,dr.!. Tbl
lhrrc~i"''''nr£lol,1ola klndcutnOl be ....... d. lkr,£.(, . II N<o bf.tn!lMl'd by ..... ioInt'.1I of ~"n<:£. _y oflfti 'hIS io _'MUle ..... , "(In' b!"" pn_oruoot of ,."b~ ...... nll'. fttqumlIJ unk ....... n and _ ",.' IV at ..... ,IIn..,. 1M PC;kC,,'Ofl .... by ,'''' pn_u!ord1'" TInia r.! _ ....... iatl 01
~IK .. 10 ."IIFf' 11101 " .. IO>IIIn I -atoety·. ftftd 10 ...... "'_ diffElO'iII'u,
18 nolH ... unA'''''D
becauM: 01," ~lLly wli. llul I, untinpo. " hieh aline" il ... nmh"" 10 «<!:olrl 01"""",,,,, r,,~I .. _ ol""",,," ;1lI n>nl\bn.' _,.01 ~""InIC<:. Throe f""'lIrn . '" ,bm bn""""'" "nallillnilkance 10;11 10 ".plighll'" ·d,lk.u ...... • ho1Wttfl ·thm!·.nd ..... and 10 INK,he consl'utlion ollheM: m ...... brrs .. ·",hnt- -.n I"""iou ••
In lhi' ......... dlUl p." W. it f ............ 1y hlf>F""" ' 1uI m' ..... and tno.lI· ,,,lic.anl i"IOCI .. .--. 'm .... t:ont odmh'y ftUI.knt.. Thll ... mull .. the nt<:d It> · find"' _ In,"", of ·""r· wrJ "I!r~ ,lui _1<1 doJl.ngu,u, 1>£ •• -.", ·u. · and ."' ....... W;,hou!,ha, ~. 11 II mllrfty poniWr lhat 1M. illlOCI
.."..ltj "- p" 'ld un'''''ICf(i H"" .... iu\ hn_ ...... Iicance .... ..,. IP"ftI Char;K\leliJllC of. _ ... rs wrJ .. It~ aft' the _lIlob'OIOr"a! ClfC''' ... tmcco
.. ~ b "'Jh~ghl' ... d,flt ... uc.,.. whlch altr;K1 pool I .. MIm ..... 10 ,''''', lintqUO' and d .. "..:'...., ido:nt:.,y ftUln:n-., and """'I«f""'11y xcnwu>1r- any gtYftl d,IJ ..... c. ,,",' ..... ,""'" and 0Ihru." Th" I. poed..,!) ..... , h'ppellS .hon I _, " ........... an tdmlll)' U, .... ho,t« C«trJ 5.1Il"""" I'ft'JI.arIr.
!.hat: 1"tw pn_uuon .. hrr",in.nd dw....wn ""'"... r,o",. !hi' lMIl"'" fell tbe ......... .,. .. 8""'P umlJ·'"
S\>Ch an "I',,"*h,...-hm opplKod 10 II", " ,Iy nbblnlC d,lt",,,,,, of .. "' .... omy cbrify , ... d ....... ,'y .. t ... ..,(", . .. a \0 ",ifti", .nd ",i~~ . . n "".Ir rabbnic nil. It """,offer an nplan.>tooo lOr .. hy ....... of , .... ~'" p .. ..,1lI ",iKut ..
a 'hfffi TO. oml •• I_ ofJudaiJm. ~ "'11ft "rly rabbin .. ~1lI mali"tl to ... ,"''" Of ""~'" .~Ii:r IO..-NI """yappear:lJ' 01;_ III" .,. of c"otom lha, • .. ,tM:lf. a nno. be cont><lrr-.d ... tp"sc:nllna I rKOfIn,~ non.fe-o.lIh " .,.,. olltf~. In II""", of Inmbrl,ly. ""n .uth m, ............ lallOnl rrom ",hall. «l1UlCl·
nN , .... ·.lInditd· a", I''''''' mIlCh ';lnUic .. nc~. I. lhey I rt tre;l1<:<i at "In. of MlXhmml from ,"'ca.nmunIIY.
Thi •. I ........ ,. p .... 1d.t.r • (.a .......... k for • bet .... " nd""tandl nR of I'" _ .. I.h, ..... 01 I"""'" of tho c:m...,....e of Chtiltranlly II I 4iJtl",,' . non·
fn'lo.h ..,Ii(liolu ml")' in ;" ... Inc",'" rabbtnie d, KOU ..... My a'll","",,111 ,hal the dill, ne' ..,bllOlll .bllCCl Df 1 ... lOI.lohti 01 ~1I1-" n"'. In and of.bomt •
...ton. profoundly ·non·'"'i .... • in IMi. na ....... It> Ilw ......... hallhi'" hold. inl.",,,,,,,,,oc.urydccn .. d them H ·non·IoewI.' Qul. It> 1M ...... tta.y: .. will be
.I\own ..... '" of.ho:M: "'hI""" .uTICa .... round .n oth.,. Je-lol't <1,,100 of the ;"II<! s.;wild Tnnplena .• nd ;,,\IeI ~ ,n rabbinIC ..... "a .. ' TIII. ,rdtCald Ih.at
" ..... not ,1Int,"nen ... ""'h. ,hal a ...... ,,,,*, .. ·100.,.1'" .d 'hnn II> be OUIwd f ...... u..lrfI"lIhcommunll,but. ",1Ift. lhe 'pKl6c h .. tor .. aJcon: ...... I ... """ . .. ·h .. h 1" ..... IRIt>. fruHit .... 111 ... "1 It> tdtftUI}" and dtffcwcu. thal m",,,,;.1rd .hal_ial .. ,a,:I_ of ClIChaM.!.
nu ...... not. _ "dtJNnl ........ , ~ _. 'l'ft')' _I_ia! ...... lOr tJ...
rnmb! worId,hat I dil'COllrM: 01 benet)'. "' ...... <it trr .... "hl...-iy . ......,
'>lU.IIIII/CT'O" '9
ral.-ial COO~ i, (~"'" bou"da"~,, ... i,hin _>ely. placff lOme <:X , .. m<:n\bo:n. br)ooolll d.., pa~. and IhUi err .. "", and 'UI'~'III _lal identity. Full..." ......... H ~ "l .. U _. I ..... nbbi. eI~lWw:d ",'"al tulet lka, go.<I1I _ .. l ",b,1CIfU .. "h ..... ,./ ... ,n • 'n~1I1lef t"~,. if 1oI1o.(d. incktld ...clu.dtd thmt f ..... ,he ccmmuruly. Mom tile ,.,bbinir pO"" <:X .Iew. lhen. ". 1M bbdinll <:X tile foIlo",," <:X /6 ..... '*', .. , ... lkallnntbmtld ' h ..... in tile ftI<!. ,nlO .-ial"oEM .. : ,h» i .. u "Chru".nt:
Th .. book ... h .. lOriul poq,cL Ira _"'IN. .... "."' •.• ,r.-Ily LIm.y. _ -I"mncal" m tho- .,ncl ......., J 1M ......... ~f ... '" 1Il' ........... n:n for II..-..
I .. no,"" to, ">'<1",1 CaIT"''''~ """ oIlhe ,,1,_ wily ItMII ....... n, .tunc...... oI lhc d",,,,L?i''''''' 01 O.;II .. "IIY ,n ,he Roon." ""'PO" ... ",Ift, to, Mil>· 1l&1li and rtonl 1M hi.lllli<.1 puon' 01 __ haw foc .. Kd _ 00\ i .. .0<: ... 1 and
;nllo',,' iona l d,,,,,,,,,,i<InI" ilI 'M ...... ,nd,tft'rftl(" ._, hill"""."" '" tho!
uw olhlrntu", ~I d.",,..,, from ·I,~., .... ru..) as rnlomcr:- "ppa"",tI,. ,hex h,s'o,., .... m.",'a", 3 n'b!1~ "h . .,p doch<>tomy brI......., ·"11 .... ".]·
IOIIrces ~nd hlt'nr, oneil. " h\JIori",,,. ,''''' Ippol to be]~. uhh"lCl the for·
"""" and .houW Ih",cfOl"c Ira .... Ih" b'l1ef 10 h,o:rary ""IQI and """""" 01 h"'nture.
Th,. may t... A,d 01 h,"torl."" oI.rocictli lud.i.m :III ...,11. ~.", 01 ,''''''' "'P«' a hi'lUi"tcall'KOlllllrucrion prrlo.""nll 'o ,he (I>"KII nbbtnk perIOd 10 bur it5rlf filii I"d fcnmool "" ,,- nbbilllt..",~ Ih., .p~ar to he
"hlllllliClll: ,ha, ill. on .... n:n " ... , 1ppt'11 10 he -.se.cnbmg" f'I'Im". not .....
.... n: ... lnal 2", ..... m.b .... '" 1 .. ",,,,,,,,<&1. in na'~,... Th,. Ulp""Io.'IOII i. quilc
",,"" ....... 11''''''' lhot p ...... lrou ~;'IOII 01,1><: I~ • ...". nalure ol .. blrin;'
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