Brother Bear (2003)   85 min  -  Animation | Adventure | Family   -  1   November   2003 (USA)

6.6 Your rating:     -/10  Ratings: 6.6/10 from 17,362 users   Metascore: 48/100  Reviews: 143 user | 98 critic | 28 from Metacritic.com

When a young Inuit hunter needlessly kills a bear, he is magically changed into a bear himself as punishment with a talkative cub being his only guide to changing back.

Directors:

Aaron Blaise, Robert Walker

Writers:

Tab Murphy (screenplay), Lorne Cameron (screenplay), and 24 more credits »

Stars:

Joaquin Phoenix, Jeremy Suarez and Rick Moranis

CastCast overview, first billed only:

Joaquin Phoenix ... Kenai (voice)

Jeremy Suarez ... Koda (voice)

Jason Raize ... Denahi (voice)

Rick Moranis ... Rutt (voice)

Dave Thomas ... Tuke (voice)

D.B. Sweeney ... Sitka (voice)

Joan Copeland ... Tanana (voice)

Michael Clarke Duncan ... Tug (voice)

Harold Gould ... Old Denahi (voice)

Paul Christie ... Ram #1 (voice)

Danny Mastrogiorgio ... Ram #2 (voice) (as Daniel Mastrogiorgio)

Estelle Harris ... Old Lady Bear (voice)

Greg Proops ... Male Lover Bear (voice)

Pauley Perrette ... Female Lover Bear (voice)

Darko Cesar ... Foreign Croatian Bear (voice)

Full cast and crew »

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Storyline

Long ago, as the Earth was emerging from the Ice Age, there were three brothers. After a bear takes the life of the oldest brother, impulsive youngest brother Kenai kills the bear in revenge, only to be transformed into a bear himself. Denahi, the middle brother, comes upon this bear and, thinking it killed Kenai, vows revenge. Now brother hunts brother and Kenai's only hope for survival is to befriend his own worst enemy, a grizzly cub named Koda. Koda main goal is to show Kenai the real meaning of brotherhood. Written by Anonymous  

Plot Summary | Add Synopsis

Plot Keywords:

Bear | Revenge | Ice Age | Inuit | Brotherhood | See more »

Taglines:

Nature Calls. See more »

Genres:

Animation | Adventure | Family | Fantasy

Parents Guide:

View content advisory »

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Details

Official Sites:

Disney | Disney [France] | Add/edit official sites »

Country:

USA

Language:

English | Inuktitut | Serbian (only a few words)

Release Date:

1 November 2003 (USA) See more »

Also Known As:

Tierra de osos See more »

Filming Locations:

Disney's Hollywood Studios, Walt Disney World, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA

Box Office

Opening Weekend:

$291,940 (USA) (26 October 2003) (2 Screens)

Gross:

$85,329,248 (USA) (4 April 2004)

See more »

Company Credits

Production Co:

Walt Disney Feature Animation, Walt Disney Pictures See more »

Show detailed company contact information on IMDbPro »

Technical Specs

Runtime:

85 min

Sound Mix:

DTS | Dolby Digital | SDDS

Color:

Color

Aspect Ratio:

1.66 : 1

See full technical specs »

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Did You Know?

Trivia

In the various vignettes during the end credits, Kenai is shown drawing a crude stick figure on a rock while little Koda has painted "A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte" (1884-1886) of Georges Seurat. See more »

Goofs

Factual errors: In the opening scene, the DVD subtitles identify the narrator as Sitka, when it is actually Denahi. See more »

Quotes

[first lines] Denahi as an Old Man: This is a story from long ago, when the great mammoths still roamed our lands. It's the story of my two brothers and me. When the three of us were young, we were taught that the world is full of magic. The source of this magic is the ever-changing lights that dance across the sky...See more »

Crazy Credits

At the conclusion of the end credits, Koda appears to announce the standarddeclaration that no salmon were harmed in the making of the film. However,he is embarrased by a bear chasing a salmon behind him and signals forshooting to stop. Koda covers the lens with his paws and the picture goesblack as he accidently breaks the camera while the fishing bear belches. See more »

Connections

Referenced in Fear of Clowns (2004) See more »

Soundtracks

"No Way Out (Theme from Brother Bear)" (Phil Collins Version)Produced and Arranged by Phil Collins and Chris MontanMixed by Chris Lord-AlgePerformed by Phil Collins See more »

Frequently Asked QuestionsThis FAQ is empty. Add the first question.

User Reviews

Disney's last animated classic

1 May 2004 | by Lupercali (Tasmania) – See all my reviews

Having (I think) seen all the Disney animated features, I would have to say that 'Brother Bear' is the finest Disney feature since 'The Fox and the Hound' - which is to say the best around 25 years. It's a shame, and a bit ironic, that this sudden return to form should happen now, after a string of 90's movies which were nearly all good, but rarely brilliant; and on the cusp of the death of the classical 'hand drawn' style of animation from the people who invented the animated feature.

At first I had misgivings. Particularly when I heard Inuit using valley girl phrases - but these reservations disappear quickly enough (as indeed, do the Inuit characters).

Briefly, 'Brother Bear' is about a young Inuit man who rejects his totem ('the Bear of Love'), and goes so far as to kill a bear which he somewhat erroneously blames for the death of his friend. He is then magically transformed into a bear, and the rest of the film... doesn't really matter at this stage: I don't want to spoil it.

There are only a few minor faults which prevent this from scoring a 10: the moose and ram characters are really pretty dispensable, but they don't take up much screen time. Koda, the bear cub, elicited a bit of an 'oh, no' response from at first, but he grows on you fast.

The animation, as you would expect, is well ahead of the field (at least in the 'classical' style). While it isn't perhaps quite as eye-popping and panoramic as 'The Lion King', I think this only goes to show that good storytelling will win out over superficial eye-candy covering a third-hand

script.

The final scenes of the movie are genuinely surprising (there is a sort of stock surprise ending, followed by something I really didn't see coming), and at the same time, it's genuine lump in the throat stuff - something Disney seemed to have been a bit shy about lately with films like 'Atlantis'. They shouldn't be. They do it well.

I've enjoyed nearly all of Disney's prolific output of the past ten years, but this is the pick of the bunch, IMO. It's not perfect, but if this had been the film which Disney's animation dept had bowed out with, it would have been a fine swansong.

Brother Bear is a 2003 American animated fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures, the forty-fourth animated feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics. In the film, an Inuit boy pursues a bear in revenge for a battle that he provoked in which his oldest brother is killed. He tracks down the bear and kills it, but the Spirits, angered by this needless death, change the boy into a bear himself as punishment. Originally titled Bears, it was the third and final Disney animated feature produced primarily by the Feature Animation studio at Disney-MGM Studios in Orlando, Florida; the studio was shut down in March 2004, not long after the release of this film in favor of computer animated features. The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Animated Feature, but lost to Finding Nemo. A sequel, Brother Bear 2 was released on August 29, 2006.

Plot

The film is set in a post-ice age North America, where the local tribesmen believe all creatures are created through the Spirits, who are said to appear in the form of an aurora. Three brothers, Kenai (voiced by Joaquin Phoenix), Denahi (voiced by Jason Raize) and Sitka (voiced by D.B. Sweeney), return to their tribe in order for Kenai to receive his sacred totem, its meaning being what he must achieve to call himself a man. Unlike Sitka, who gained the eagle of guidance, and Denahi who gained the wolf of wisdom, Kenai receives the bear of love, much to his objections, stating that bears are thieves. His point is made a fact when a bear steals some salmon. Kenai and his brothers pursue the bear, but a fight follows on a glacier, Sitka giving his life to save his brothers, although the bear survives. Vengeful, Kenai heads out to avenge Sitka. He chases the bear up onto a mountain and kills it. The Spirits, represented by Sitka's spirit in the form of a bald eagle transforms Kenai into a bear after the dead bear's body disappears. Denahi arrives, mistaking Kenai for dead, and his bear form is responsible for it, vows to avenge Kenai.

Kenai falls down some river rapids, survives, and is healed by Tanana (voiced by Joan Copeland), the shaman of Kenai's tribe. She does not speak the bear language, but advises him to return to the mountain to find Sitka and be turned back to normal, but only when he corrects what he had done; she quickly disappears without and explanation. Kenai quickly discovers the wildlife can talk, meeting two brother mooses, Rutt and Tuke (voiced by Rick Moranis and Dave Thomas). He gets caught in a trap, but is freed by a chatty bear cub named Koda (voiced by Jeremy Suarez). The two bears make a deal, Kenai will go with Koda to a nearby salmon run and then the cub will lead Kenai to the mountain. As the two eventually form a sibling-like bond, Koda revealing his mother is missing. The two are hunted by Denahi who fails multiple times to

kill Kenai, still unaware that he is his brother. Rutt and Tuke run into the bears multiple times, the group hitching a ride on a herd of mammoths to quicken the pace to the salmon run, but the moose are left behind when the bears move on. Kenai and Koda escape Denahi again, and reach the salmon run, where a large number of bears live as a family, including the leader Tug (voiced by Michael Clarke Duncan), a Grizzly Bear. Kenai becomes very much at home and at content with the other bears. During a discussion among the bears, Koda tells a story about his mother fighting human hunters, making Kenai realize he killed Koda's mother.

Kenai's contentment is about to be shattered when Koda tells the story of his separation from his mother

Guilty and horrified, Kenai runs away but Koda soon finds him. Kenai reveals the truth to Koda, who runs away grief-stricken. An apologetic Kenai leaves to reach the mountain. Rutt and Took, having fallen out, reform their brotherhood in front of Koda, prompting him to go after Kenai. Denahi confronts Kenai on the mountain, but their fight is intervened by Koda who steals Denahi's hunting pike. Kenai goes to Koda's aid out of love, prompting Sitka to appear and turn him back into a human, much to Denahi and Koda's surprise. However, Kenai asks Sitka to transform him back into a bear so he can stay with Koda. Sitka complies, and Koda is reunited briefly with the spirit of his mother, before she and Sitka return to the Spirits. In the end, Kenai lives with the rest of the bears and gains his title as a man, through being a bear.

Voice cast

Joaquin Phoenix as Kenai, the youngest of three brothers who gets turned into a bear, to teach him to see through their eyes.

Jeremy Suarez as Koda, a wisecracking grizzly bear cub, who helps Kenai on his journey to where the Lights Touch the Earth.

Rick Moranis as Rutt, a comic Canadian moose. Dave Thomas as Tuke, another comic Canadian moose. Jason Raize as Denahi, the middle brother. D.B. Sweeney as Sitka, the oldest brother. Joan Copeland as Tanana, the shaman-woman of Kenai's tribe. Michael Clarke Duncan as Tug, a wise old grizzly bear. Greg Proops as Male Lover Bear Pauley Perrette as Female Lover Bear Estelle Harris as Old Lady Bear Bumper Robinson as Chipmunks Angayuqaq Oscar Kawagley as Inuit Narrator

Production

In 2002 Digital Media Effects reported the title of the film as Bears.[1] An article in IGN in 2001 also mentioned an upcoming Disney release with the title Bears[2] as did Jim Hill of Ain't It Cool News.[3]

Design and animation

The film is traditionally animated but includes some CG elements such as "a salmon run and a caribou stampede".[4] Layout artist Armand Serrano, speaking about the drawing process on the film, said that "we had to do a life drawing session with live bear cubs and also outdoor drawing and painting sessions at Fort Wilderness in Florida three times a week for two months [...]".[citation

needed]

According to Ruben Aquino, supervising animator for the character of Denahi, Denahi was originally meant to be Kenai's father; later this was changed to Kenai's brother.[5] Byron Howard, supervising animator for Kenai in bear form, said that earlier in production a bear named Grizz (who resembles Tug in the film and is even voiced by the same person) was supposed to have the role of Kenai's mentor.[6] Art Director Robh Ruppel stated that the ending of the film originally showed how Kenai and Denahi get together once a year to play when the northern lights are in the sky.[6]

Casting

Wil Wheaton is listed by many sources, previously including the Internet Movie Database as providing "additional voices" for the film. Willie Wheaton, the credited voice actor, is a different person.

Release

Critical reception

The reaction from film reviewers was mixed with some panning the film as a retread of older Disney films like The Lion King and the 20th Century Fox film Ice Age (although Brother Bear began production before Ice Age did), while others defended the film as a legitimate variation of the theme. The popular American movie critics Roger Ebert and Richard Roeper have given positive reviews of the film.[7]

Of note to many critics and viewers was the use of the film's aspect ratio as a storytelling device. The film begins at a standard widescreen aspect ratio of 1.75:1 (similar to the 1.85:1 ratio common in U.S. cinema or the 1.78:1 ratio of HDTV), while Kenai is a human; in addition, the film's art direction and color scheme are grounded in realism. After Kenai transforms into a bear twenty-four minutes into the picture, the film itself transforms as well: to an anamorphic aspect ratio of 2.35:1 and towards brighter, more fanciful colors and slightly more caricatured art direction. Brother Bear was the first feature since The Horse Whisperer to do a widescreen shift.

It was the only animated feature to do this trick, until The Simpsons Movie and Enchanted in 2007.

<="" span="">Summary:Great music from Phil Collins and a couple of familiar moose make Brother Bear an animated film worth checking out with the whole family.

Story:Kenai, Denahi, and Sitka are three Native American brothers living in the Great North at a time when mammoths still lived. Eager to prove himself a man, Kenai is hot headed, immature, impatient, and irresponsible. When a bear steals some fish he left out, Kenai impulsively chases after the bear to kill it. However, when Kenai finds himself outmatched by the bear, it’s up to his brothers to save him. Unfortunately, Denahi is killed in the process.

Now thirsty for revenge, Kenai again sets out to kill the bear against his surviving brother’s wishes. When he does kill the animal, something strange happens. The spirit of his older brother magically turns Kenai into a bear. Now seeing the world from new eyes, Kenai must travel through the wilderness to a magical mountain to be turned human again. However, to do so he must get help from the very bears he hates.

A small cub named Koda latches on to Kenai and they begin their journey, but things take a turn for the worse when Sitka begins chasing them, believing that the bear (now Kenai) has killed his other brother.

Brother Bear is rated G.

What Worked:Though computers have been dominating animated films these days, Brother Bear shows that there’s still a place for hand drawn animation. The northern wilderness scenes are absolutely beautiful. The backgrounds are stunning pieces of artwork that really set the tone for the movie and they capture the majesty of the setting. I’m not sure computers could have captured the looks as well as these paintings.

Phil Collins returns to Disney after his wonderful work on Tarzan. I thought his work on Tarzan was extraordinary and I think he’s done an excellent job on Brother Bear as well. I think the music from Tarzan was a bit better, but I guarantee you’ll find yourself humming tunes from Brother Bear days after you’ve seen the film. The opening song featuring Tina Turner entitled Great Spirits is one of the best of the movie. I love Tina, but I’m not sure her voice is best suited for the song. However, she still does a fine job. On My Way is also a toe tapper while the song from the credits is one you can probably expect to hear on the pop radio stations (I can’t remember it’s title at the moment).

The entire voice cast handles their jobs well, but it’s the two moose that really stand out. In a bit of no-brainer casting, Rick Moranis and Dave Thomas play the Canadian moose Rutt and Tuke. They provide much of the comic relief of the film. While they seem to improvise a bit, they

never really cut loose like you hope they would. Still, I can’t think of anyone better to play these characters.

Other background characters in the film provide a lot of great gags. Two rams butting heads and yelling at echoes offer some laughs. A couple of chipmunks having a disagreement provide some of the first chuckles of the story. The film wraps up with a blooper reel during the credits and if you stay to the very end of the movie, you’ll see a funny joke about the fish from the film.

Brother Bear has a lot going for it, but I think you’ll find the music and the moose the two things you’ll walk away remembering.

What Didn’t Work:Unfortunately, Brother Bear’s story is pretty much by the numbers. You can see most of what’s going to happen from a mile away. About the only surprise in the film is the ending. It’s not quite what I expected, but if you think about the Disney merchandising machine, you can probably figure out what happens.

The film also didn’t ever have me laughing out loud. As much as I love Moranis and Thomas, most of their antics only left me with a few chuckles. And besides them and the cute little bear, most of the other characters in the film weren’t memorable.

The film also starts out with a smaller picture. When Kenai is turned into a bear, it suddenly expands to fill the full screen. It’s so subtle that I didn’t notice it till halfway through the film. However, it didn’t add much effect to the story either. I realize what the creators were trying to do, but I didn’t think it worked.

The Bottom Line:Overall, kids will enjoy the animation, adults will enjoy the music, and Brother Bear ends up being a great film to take the family to. It’s definitely worth checking out.

Read more: Brother Bear Movie Review - ComingSoon.net http://www.comingsoon.net/news/reviewsnews.php?id=2079#ixzz1ZHsJsEnQ'Brother Bear' is one of the last true Disney movies that actually having meaning to it. The movie is about a young tribesman journey to becoming a man through love and compassion: Kenai. It starts out with Kenai and his two brothers gathering fish for the celebration of Kenai receiving his scared totem which would be his guide for helping him on his journey to becoming a man. He obviously receives the Bear of Love. What man would really be happy about that?

He all truth, he hates bears. He thinks their monsters and thieves. The actions of one bear stealing the fish, confers his theories about bears. He sets out the hunt down the bear and his brothers follow. His eldest brother sacrifices his life to save their lives, but the bear lives. Again, Kenai believes his theory on bears is proven right. After the funeral, he heads out to kill the bear. He tracks it down and kills it, but to teach him a lesson for his impulsive ways the spirits turn him into a bear to learn about compassion and the true hearts of the bears. 

With this he has to find the mountain with the aurora spirits. Along the way he comes across a cub that had been separated from his mom: Koda. Koda may be annoying, but he knows the way to the mountain with the aurora spirts, so Kenai takes Koda along with him. 

The movie stars Joaquin Phoenix as Kenai (Gladiator, Ladder 49), Jeremy Suarez as Koda (The Bernie Mac Show), Jason Raize as Denahi (The Lion King), and DB Sweeney as Sitka (Hardball, House). 

It was a cute movie. Like I said earlier its one of the last true Disney movies. It teaches kids love and compassion for those around them. It also teaches how to be forgiving to those that have done wrong to you. I loved the meaning behind it and all the characters. It has the typical Disney humor behind it. There's not much else to say about it. It's a typical Disney movie. Cute, funny, made for all ages, and full of life meanings that we can all that to heart. 

I hated the ending though. He decides to stay a bear (this is not a spoiler, because we all know they came out with a second movie) and I wished he and Koda would've been turned into human. Kenai was cute as a human. haha. Oh well. I highly doubt that I'll go out of my way to see the second movie though, they should've left it at that. This movie is granted 4 stars. 

Philippines Employment Rate Recorded at 92.6 percent in January 2011

Philippines January 2011 *¹ January 2010

Population 15 years and over (in '000) 61,532 60,207

Labor Force Participation Rate (%) 63.7 64.5

Employment Rate (%) 92.6 92.7

Unemployment Rate (%) 7.4 7.3

Underemployment Rate (%) 19.4 19.7

Notes: *¹ - Estimates for January 2011 are preliminary and may change

The January 2011 Labor Force Survey (LFS) placed the employment rate at 92.6 percent. This

figure is not significantly different from the estimate reported in January last year, which was 92.7 percent.

The regions that posted high employment rates in January 2011 were Cagayan Valley and Zamboanga Peninsula, each registering a rate of 96.9 percent, SOCCSKSARGEN, 96.8 percent, Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), 96.1 percent, and MIMAROPA, 95.7 percent. The National Capital Region (NCR) had the lowest employment rate at 88.0 percent.

The January 2011 LFS placed the size of the labor force at approximately 39.2 million persons out of the estimated 61.5 million population 15 years old and over, resulting in the labor force participation rate (LFPR) of 63.7 percent. Among the regions, MIMAROPA registered the highest labor force participation rate at 70.0 percent while the lowest was posted in ARMM at 55.7 percent.

Of the estimated 36.3 million employed persons in January 2011, the services sector was the largest group comprising more than half (52.5%) of the total employed population. The largest employed workforce in the services sector were in wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods (20.0% of the total employed).

Workers in the agriculture sector accounted for 32.9 percent of the total employed, with those engaged in the agriculture, hunting and forestry sub-sector making up the largest sub-sector (29.0% of the total employed). Only 14.5 percent of the total employed were in the industry sector, with the manufacturing sub-sector making up the largest percentage (8.1% of the total employed).

Among the various occupation groups, the laborers and unskilled workers comprised the largest group making up 31.7 percent of the total employed persons in January 2011. Farmers, forestry workers and fishermen were the second largest group, accounting for 16.0 percent of the total employed.

Employed persons fall into any of these categories: wage and salary workers, own account workers and unpaid family workers. Wage and salary workers are those who work for private households, private establishments, government or government corporations and those who work with pay in own-family operated farm or business. The majority (54.7%) of the total employed population in January 2011 were wage and salary workers, with the largest percentage (40.9%) working for private establishments. Those working for the government/government controlled corporations accounted for only 8.1 percent and those working for private households, 5.3 percent. Self-employed workers without any paid employee constituted 30.4 percent of the total employed while employers in own-family operated farm or business made up 3.6 percent share. The unpaid family workers accounted for 11.3 percent of the total employed.

Employed persons are classified as either full-time workers or part-time workers. Full-time workers are those who work for 40 hours or more while part-time workers work for less than 40 hours. Of the total employed persons in January 2011, 62.4 percent were working full time while 36.3 percent were part-time workers.

Employed persons who express the desire to have additional hours of work in their present job, or to have additional job, or to have a new job with longer working hours are considered underemployed. The number of underemployed persons in January 2011 was estimated at 7.1 million placing the underemployment rate at 19.4 percent. About 60.5 percent of the total underemployed persons were working less than 40 hours during the reference week. Such type of underemployed workers are classified as visibly underemployed. Those working for 40 hours or more accounted for 37.0 percent. The underemployed in the agriculture sector accounted for 44.8 percent of the total underemployed, those in the services sector at 40.4 percent and in the industry sector at 14.8 percent.

The unemployment rate in January 2011 was estimated at 7.4 percent. There were more unemployed males (62.7% of all unemployed) than females (37.3%). Almost half (48.9%) of the unemployed were in age group 15-24 years. More than one third (35.1%) of the unemployed were high school graduates, and almost two-fifth (39.1%) reached college education.

    (Sgd.) CARMELITA N. ERICTA             Administrator

Technical Notes

Starting July 2003, the Labor Force Survey (LFS) adopted the 2003 Master Sample Design, with a sample size of approximately 50,000 households.

The 1992 four-digit code for Philippine Standard Occupational Classification (PSOC) and 1994 Philippine Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC) were used in classifying the occupation and industry.

Starting April 2005, the new unemployment definition was adopted per NSCB Resolution Number 15 dated October 20, 2004. As indicated in the said resolution, the unemployed include all persons who are 15 years and over as of their last birthday and are reported as: (1) without work and currently available for work and seeking work; or (2) without work and currently available for work but not seeking work for the following reasons:

            1.)  Tired/believed no work available            2.)  Awaiting results of previous job application            3.)  Temporary illness/disability            4.)  Bad weather            5.)  Waiting for rehire/job recall

Starting with the January 2007 LFS round, the population projections based on the 2000 Census of Population was adopted to generate the labor force statistics. This is in compliance with NSCB Resolution No. 1 series of 2005 entitled "Adoption of the

Methodology Used in Generating the 2000 Census of Population and Housing-Based National Population Projections"... .

Source:  Income and Employment Statistics DivisionHousehold Statistics DepartmentNational Statistics OfficeManila, Philippines

Retrieved from: census.gov.ph on March 21, 2011

Read more: http://www.affordablecebu.com/load/philippine_government/philippines_employment_rate_recorded_at_92_6_percent_in_january_2011/5-1-0-726#ixzz1ZHpicd5Y

Philippines Unemployment RateThe unemployment rate in Philippines was last reported at 7.1 percent in July of 2011. This page includes a chart with historical data for Philippines' Unemployment Rate. Unemployment rate is defined as the level of unemployment divided by the labour force. The labour force is defined as the number of people employed plus the number unemployed but seeking work. The nonlabour force includes those who are not looking for work, those who are institutionalised and those serving in the military.

Unemployment Rate Definition

The labour force is defined as the number of people employed plus the number unemployed but seeking work. The participation rate is the number of people in the labour force divided by the size of the adult civilian noninstitutional population (or by the population of working age that is not institutionalised). The nonlabour force includes those who are not looking for work, those who are institutionalised such as in prisons or psychiatric wards, stay-at home spouses, kids, and those serving in the military. The unemployment level is defined as the labour force minus the number of people currently employed. The unemployment rate is defined as the level of unemployment divided by the labour force. The employment rate is defined as the number of people currently employed divided by the adult population (or by the population of working age). In these statistics, self-employed people are counted as employed.

Variables like employment level, unemployment level, labour force, and unfilled vacancies are called stock variables because they measure a quantity at a point in time. They can be contrasted with flow variables which measure a quantity over a duration of time. Changes in the labour force are due to flow variables such as natural population growth, net immigration, new entrants, and retirements from the labour force. Changes in unemployment depend on: inflows made up of non-employed people starting to look for jobs and of employed people who lose their jobs and look for new ones; and outflows of people who find new employment and of people who stop looking for employment.

When looking at the overall macroeconomy, several types of unemployment have been identified, including: Frictional unemployment — This reflects the fact that it takes time for people to find and settle into new jobs. If 12 individuals each take one month before they start a new job, the aggregate unemployment statistics will record this as a single unemployed worker. Technological change often reduces frictional unemployment, for example: the internet made job searches cheaper and more comprehensive. Structural unemployment — This reflects a mismatch between the skills and other attributes of the labour force and those demanded by employers. If 4 workers each take six months off to re-train before they start a new job, the aggregate unemployment statistics will record this as two unemployed workers. Technological change often increases structural unemployment, for example: technological change might require workers to re-train. Natural rate of unemployment — This is the summation of frictional and structural unemployment. It is the lowest rate of unemployment that a stable economy can expect to achieve, seeing as some frictional and structural unemployment is inevitable. Economists do not agree on the natural rate, with estimates ranging from 1% to 5%, or on its meaning — some associate it with "non-accelerating inflation". The estimated rate varies from country to country and from time to time.Demand deficient unemployment — In Keynesian economics, any level of unemployment beyond the natural rate is most likely due to insufficient demand in the overall economy. During a recession, aggregate expenditure is deficient causing the underutilization of inputs (including labour). Aggregate expenditure (AE) can be increased, according to Keynes, by increasing consumption spending (C), increasing investment spending (I), increasing government spending (G), or increasing the net of exports minus imports (X?M). {AE = C + I + G + (X?M)} (source: wikipedia)  

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Philippine employment statistics 2010

I was compelled to gather some employment statistics when I was invited to discuss the youth situation in a university job fair last week. I got a copy of the Department of Labor and Employment’s Project Jobsfit August 2010 study on employment prospects in the Philippines. Here are some of the interesting and relevant findings of the report:

2009 Top employment generators

• Real estate, Renting (11.8%)• Electricity, Gas and Water (9.4%)• Private households with employed persons• Health and social work (7.6%)• Education (6.2%)• Hotels and Restaurants (6%)

The service sector has generated the most number of jobs in 2009. It is expected that this sector will expand further as the industrial and agricultural sectors continue to face bleak prospects. This can be blamed on the neoliberal economic policies of the government which have contributed to the decline of the domestic manufacturing and agricultural sectors of the country.

2008-09 Most number of graduates

• Business Administration – 114,000• Education, Teacher – 96,000• Medical and allied professionals – 87,000• Engineering – 63,000• IT – 49,000

Nursing is down; enrolment in HRM and IT is increasing. Business Administration and Teacher Education are traditionally the most popular courses in college. Recently, the Commission on Higher Education announced a moratorium on the creation of new business and teacher courses.

2009 TESDA assessed graduates

• Health, Social, Community Development – 407,237• Maritime Sector – 293,666• Hotel, restaurant – 281,389

According to TESDA, the Maritime Sector has the highest ratio of students who immediately received employment certifications. The IT sector performed poorly in this indicator.

Top 12 Key Employment Generators

• Agribusiness• Cyberservices• Health and Wellness• Hotel, Restaurant, Tourism• Mining• Construction• Banking and Finance• Manufacturing• Ownership Dwellings and Real Estate• Transport and Logistics• Wholesale and Retail Trade• Overseas Employment

This is based on the economic projections of DOLE and the priority economic activities of the government. Note that mining, cyberservices, and overseas employment are listed here since they are priorities of the past administration. Construction is expected to experience a boom in the next few years if the government’s Public Private Partnership program would deliver on its promises.

Hard to fill occupations

• Aqua-culturist• Feed processor/Food technician• Animator• Optician• Spa/Massage Therapist• Baker• Cook

For those interested to enroll in a second course or those who want to shift to another career, the list above can be a guide. The listing is provided by DOLE and private employers.

Four emerging industries

• Creative industries (3D Modelers, 3D Artist, 3D Animators, Flash Animators, System Analyst and Designers)• Diversified/Strategic Farming and Fishing• Power and Utilities (Electrical Control Operator, Equipment Operator, Electrical Technician, Mechanical Technician, Mechanic, Power Production Plant Operator)• Renewable Energy

The last two items could explain why San Miguel and other conglomerates are shifting to power generation.

NEDA economic activities projection

• High value, FDI-led agribusiness• Infrastructure• Long term demand for OFWs• Tourism• Medical Tourism• Retirement estates (Subic, NCR, Tagaytay, Cebu, Dumaguete)• BPO• ICT investments• Real estate• Shipbuilding• Mining• Renewable energy• Food production

The list reveals the bias of our economic policymakers. We continue to be dependent on foreign direct investments and the sending (exporting) of our people to other countries. The Philippines is also aiming to be a retirement hub aside from attracting investments in medical tourism.

Job prospects (regions)

• Hotels, restaurants, tourism – NCR, II, III, IV-B, V, VI, VII, IX, X, CARAGA• Health, wellness – NCR, CAR, III, IV-B, VI, VIII, X, XI, XII• Cyber services – NCR, II, III, VI, VIII, X, XI, XII• Transport – I, II, VI, X• Banking, Finance – X, CARAGA• Mining – II, III, IV-B, VI, IX, XI, XII, CARAGA

The transport industry got a boost from the RORO system devised during the Arroyo years. Meanwhile, the new administration intends to implement a RORO-like cold chain system for agricultural supplies. Tourism it seems is a priority in most regions. I’m quite worried that mining will continue to be a priority of the government.

Emerging industries (regions)

• Agribusiness – VIII• Creative Industries – NCR• Cyber services – CAR, IV-A, V, VIII, XII, CARAGA• Diversified farming – CARAGA• Education – II• Furniture – VII• Health, medical tourism – CAR, V, CARAGA• Mining – I, VI, X

Cyber services (BPO sector) are focused in regions where education centers exist. Is furniture business an emerging industry in Cebu because of the global success of Kenneth Cobonpue?

NCR Employment Trends 2003-08

• Real Estate, renting• Hotels, Restaurant, Construction• Public administration, defense,• Financial intermediation• Transport storage and communication• Wholesale and retail trade

Public administration and financial intermediation are top job generators in Metro Manila because it is the political and financial capital of the country. Defense is also a big industry for job hunters. Ask for a pabaon from the generals. Real estate is growing especially with all the condominium projects everywhere.

NCR emerging business districts

• North Triangle• Araneta Cyber Center• Greenhills redevelopment• EDSA Central Robinsons Gateway Center• Rockwell Center• Fort Bonifacio Global City• McKinley Hill• SM Central Business Park• Metropolital Business Park• Newport City• ASEANA IT Business Park• Asiaworld City• Madrigal Business Park• Filinvest Corporate City

The service sector enclaves! Political organizing should also be developed in these office areas. North Triangle tops the list – will this mean that the urban poor communities in the vicinity will be demolished soon?

OFWs Top Demandable Category 2009

• Domestic helpers – 109,982• Production – 36,212• Nurses – 28,470• Caregivers – 9,431• Plumbers – 15,359• Cooks -14,900• Wiremen – 15,955• Welders – 10,592

Despite Arroyo’s assertion that OFWs should be called expats, the data shows that we are still a nation known for having the most skilled domestic helpers in the world.

The NEDA made this statement after the National Statistics Office (NSO) released the

results of the latest Labor Force Survey showing an increase in the country’s employment

rate to 92.8 percent from 92.0 percent in April 2010, and a decrease in the unemployment

rate to 7.2 percent from last year’s 8.0 percent.

Based on the NSO survey, total employment generation for the period reached 1.41 million,

higher than the 416,000 net employment in April 2010.

Socioeconomic Planning Secretary and NEDA Director-General Cayetano W. Paderanga, Jr.

said that the improvement in net employment was boosted by the agriculture sector,

contributing 645,000 net workers to post an employment growth of 5.6 percent in April

2011.

“This supports the second quarter 2011 palay and corn production growth estimates of

14.2 percent and 70.9 percent, respectively, by the Bureau of Agriculture Statistics,” said

Paderanga.

He also noted that the quality of employment in April this year improved. “This can be seen

in the 5.0 percent increase of workers with wages and salaries, 3.5 percent rise of full-time

workers, and the decrease of unemployed youth from 18.8 percent last year to 16.6 percent

in April 2011,” he said.

Apart from the agriculture sector, the number of newly employed persons in the services

sector numbered 632,000, or a 3.4 percent growth from last year. On the other hand,

employment growth in the industry sector slowed down to 2.4 percent, or around 130,000

net employment, from last year’s high growth of 7.8 percent.

Paderanga also said that the 2.9 million unemployed persons this year was lower by around

228,000 persons compared to the same period last year. However, the underemployed, or

those already working but still expressed the need for more work, went up from 6.3 million

(17.8%) in April 2010 to 7.1 million (19.4%) in April 2011.

“While the labor market performance based on the April 2011 Labor Force Survey is

considered favorable, the government must still continue to fast-track the implementation

of programs and policies that help create employment and improve productivity,” said

Paderanga.

Unemployment rate: 7.3% (2010 est.) 7.5% (2009 est.)

Definition: This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.

Source: CIA World Factbook - Unless otherwise noted, information in this page is accurate as of July 12, 2011

See Also

Unemployment rate by year chart Unemployment rate rank chart Unemployment rate - comparative map Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) - thematic map - World Bank indicator Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) - country comparison - World Bank indicator

Equivalent Data From the International Monetary Fund

Variable: Unemployment rate

Note: Unemployment rate can be defined by either the national definition, the ILO harmonized definition, or the OECD harmonized definition. The OECD harmonized unemployment rate gives the number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labor force (the total number of people employed plus unemployed). [OECD Main Economic Indicators, OECD, monthly] As defined by the International Labour Organization, unemployed workers are those who are currently not working but are willing and able to work for pay, currently available to work, and have actively searched for work. [ILO, http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/res/index.htm]

Units: Percent of total labor force

Country-specific Note: Source: CEIC Latest actual data: 2010 Employment type: Harmonized ILO definition. Please note that data prior to 2005 are not based on harmonized ILO definition but based on national definition. Primary domestic currency: Philippine pesos Data last updated: 09/2011

Source: International Monetary Fund - 2011 World Economic Outlook

Year Unemployment rate Percent Change

1985 11.058

1986 11.682 5.64 %

1987 11.062 -5.31 %

1988 9.402 -15.01 %

1989 9.129 -2.90 %

1990 8.4 -7.99 %

1991 10.5 25.00 %

1992 9.8 -6.67 %

1993 9.3 -5.10 %

1994 9.475 1.88 %

1995 9.525 0.53 %

1996 8.525 -10.50 %

1997 8.675 1.76 %

1998 10.05 15.85 %

1999 9.75 -2.99 %

2000 11.175 14.62 %

2001 11.125 -0.45 %

2002 11.4 2.47 %

2003 11.4 0.00 %

2004 11.825 3.73 %

2005 11.35 -4.02 %

2006 8 -29.52 %

2007 7.325 -8.44 %

2008 7.4 1.02 %

2009 7.475 1.01 %

2010 7.2 -3.68 %

LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT

Household Population 15 Years Old and Over by Employment Status July 2002 - July 2011

Period

Labor Force

Participation Rate

Employment Rate(In %)

Unemploy- ment Rate

(In %)

Underemploy- ment Rate

(In %)

Jan 2011p/ 63.7 92.6 7.4 19.4

Jan 2010

64.5 92.7 7.3 19.7

Jan 2009

63.3 92.3 7.7 18.2

Jan 2008

63.4 92.6 7.4 18.9

Jan 2007

64.8 92.2 7.8 21.5

Jan 2006

63.8 91.9 8.1 21.3

Jan 2005

66.1 88.7 11.3 16.1

Jan 2004

67.3 89.0 11.0 17.5

Jan 2003

65.7 89.4 10.6 16.1

Jan 2002

66.4 89.7 10.3 15.9

         

Oct 2010p/ 64.2 92.9 7.1 19.6

Oct 2009

64.0 92.9 7.1 19.4

Oct 2008

63.7 93.2 6.8 17.5

Oct 2007

63.2 93.7 6.3 18.1

Oct 2006

64.0 92.7 7.3 20.4

Oct 2005

64.8 92.6 7.4 21.2

Oct 2004

66.5 89.1 10.9 16.9

Oct 2003

67.1 89.8 10.2 15.8

Oct 2002

66.2 89.8 10.2 15.3

         

Jul 2011p/ 64.3 92.9 7.1 19.1

Jul 2010

63.9 93.0 7.0 17.9

Jul 2009

64.6 92.4 7.6 19.8

Jul 2008

64.3 92.6 7.4 21.0

Jul 2007

63.6 92.2 7.8 22.0

Jul 2006

64.7 92.0 8.0 23.5

Jul 2005

64.6 92.3 7.7 20.5

Jul 2004

67.2 88.3 11.7 17.6

Jul 2003

67.0 87.4 12.6 20.7

Jul 2002

67.1 88.8 11.2 17.1

         

Apr 2011p/ 64.2 92.8 7.2 19.4

Apr 2010

63.6 92.0 8.0 17.8

Apr 2009

64.0 92.5 7.5 18.9

Apr 2008

63.2 92.0 8.0 19.8

Apr 2007

64.5 92.6 7.4 18.9

April 2006

64.9 91.8 8.2 25.4

April 2005

68.1* 87.3* 12.7* 26.1

April 2004

69.0 86.3 13.7 18.5

April 2003

67.1 87.8 12.2 15.6

April 2002

69.9 86.1 13.9 19.6

Notes:

1. Data were taken from the results of the quarterly rounds of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) using past week as reference period.2. Details may not add up to totals due to rounding.3. The definition of unemployment was revised starting the April 2005 round of the LFS. As such, LFPRs, employment rates and unemployment rates are not comparable with those of previous survey rounds. Also starting with January 2007, estimates were based on 2000 Census-based projections. 4. Data are as of September 2011.

p/ - preliminary * - data are based on new definition

Source: National Statistics Office (NSO).

 

Employed Persons by Major Industry Group January 2006 - October 2009(in thousands)

Industry Group Oct 2009

Jul2009

Apr2009

Jan2009

Oct 2008

Total 35,478 35,508 34,997 34,262 34,533

Agriculture 12,072 11,940 12,313 11,846 12,320

   Agriculture, Hunting and Forestry 10,563 10,476 10,841 10,446 10,860

   Fishing 1,509 1,464 1,472 1,400 1,460

Industry 5,154 5,273 5,088 4,856 5,078

   Mining and Quarrying 169 177 166 152 176

   Manufacturing 2,937 2,947 2,841 2,849 2,897

   Electricity, Gas and Water 160 145 130 134 123

   Construction 1,888 2,004 1,951 1,721 1,882

Services 18,250 18,294 17,595 17,560 17,135

   Wholesale & Retail Trade, Repair of    Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles &    Personal & Household Goods

6,901 6,725 6,681 6,635 6,528

   Hotels and Restaurants 1,012 1,064 976 988 941

   Transport, Storage and     Communication

2,735 2,694 2,628 2,660 2,587

   Financial Intermediation 375 376 389 337 373

   Real Estate, Renting and   Business Activities

1,100 1,090 1,023 1,044 985

   Public Administration & Defense,    Compulsory Social Security

1,771 1,772 1,794 1,659 1,690

   Education 1,168 1,157 1,068 1,157 1,096

   Health and Social Work 412 428 408 435 406

   Other Community, Social &    Personal Service Activities

868 876 907 857 796

   Private Households with   Employed Persons

1,908 2,110 1,718 1,785 1,733

   Extra-Territorial Organizations &    Bodies

0 2 3 3

Notes:

1. Data were taken from the results of the quarterly rounds of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) using past week as reference period.2. Details may not add up to totals due to rounding.

3. The definition of unemployment was revised starting the April 2005 round of the LFS. As such, LFPRs, employment rates and unemployment rates are not comparable with those of previous survey rounds. Also starting with January 2007, estimates were based on 2000 Census-based projections. 4. Data are as of June 2011.

p/ - preliminary

Source: National Statistics Office (NSO).

 

Employed Persons by Major Occupation GroupJanuary 2006 - October 2009

(in thousands)

Major Occupation GroupOct 2009

Jul2009

Apr2009

Jan2009

Oct 2008

Jul2008

Apr2008

Jan2008

Oct 2007

Jul 2007

Apr 2007

Jan 2007

Oct 2006

Jul 2006

35,478 35,508 34,997 34,262 34,533 34,593 33,535 33,693 33,672 33,318 33,704 33,545 33,188 33,259

Officials of Government and Special Interest Organizations, Corporate Executives, Managers, Managing Proprietors and

4,794 4,902 4,662 4,531 4,300 4,529 4,481 3,997 3,817 4,005 3,958 663 3,874 3,980

1,641 1,600 1,584 1,608 1,585 1,524 1,471 1,523 1,503 1,435 1,422 291 1,437 1,411

Technicians and Associate 977 921 906 923 882 885 858 878 887 914 911 222 914

1,944 1,818 1,899 1,776 1,743 1,706 1,677 1,735 1,691 1,665 1,606 441 1,565 1,546

Service Workers and Shop and Market Sales Workers

3,735 3,729 3,617 3,606 3,445 3,474 3,352 3,306 3,141 3,271 3,298 511 3,177 3,136

Farmers, Forestry Workers and 5,815 5,739 5,939 5,911 6,127 6,057 5,699 6,115 6,314 6,003 6,046 25 6,265 6,110

Trades and Related Workers 2,608 2,764 2,704 2,573 2,721 2,758 2,683 2,759 2,812 2,897 2,826 455 2,689 2,795

Plant and Machine Operators and 2,268 2,181 2,153 2,272 2,345 2,251 2,213 2,605 2,603 2,508 2,592 452 2,534 2,487

Laborers and Unskilled Workers 11,530 11,700 11,387 10,923 11,239 11,245 10,965 10,636 10,768 10,485 10,905 1,022 10,589 10,744

Special Occupations 165 153 145 138 148 165 137 138 134 135 140 16 144

Notes:

1. Data were taken from the results of the quarterly rounds of the Labor Force Survey (LFS) using past week as reference period.2. Details may not add up to totals due to rounding.3. The definition of unemployment was revised starting the April 2005 round of the LFS. As such, LFPRs, employment rates and unemployment rates are not comparable with those of previous survey rounds. Also starting with January 2007, estimates were based on 2000 Census-based projections. 4. Data are as of June 2011.

p/ - preliminary

Source: National Statistics Office (NSO).

Deployed Land-Based Overseas Filipino Workersby Major World Groupings

1999-2008

Year 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999

Total 1/ 974,399 811,070 788,070 740,632 704,586 651,938 682,315 662,648 643,304 640,331

Africa 16,434 13,126 9,450 9,103 8,485 8,750 6,919 4,943 4,298 4,936

Asia 219,598 218,983 222,940 255,084 266,609 254,520 288,481 285,051 292,067 299,521

Europe 51,795 45,613 59,313 52,146 55,116 37,981 45,363 43,019 39,296 30,707

Middle East 631,828 487,878 462,545 394,419 352,314 285,564 306,939 297,533 283,291 287,076

Oceania 15,030 10,691 5,126 2,866 3,023 1,698 1,917 2,061 2,386 2,424

The Americas 31,916 28,019 21,976 14,886 11,692 11,049 11,532 10,679 7,624 9,045

Trust Territories 5,461 6,674 6,481 7,596 7,177 5,023 6,075 6,823 7,421 6,622

Unspecified 2,337 86 - 135 1 46,279 10,882 11,530 6,921

1/ Based on the report of POEA's Labor Assistance Center on the actual departure of OFWs at the international airports, NAIA Cabin Crews and POEA Regional Extension Units.

Source: Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA)