brooklyn navy yard perry avenue building building mounted wind – a case study

BROOKLYN NAVY YARD PERRY AVENUE BUILDINGBuilding Mounted Wind – A Case Study

The Brooklyn Navy Yard

•Located on the Brooklyn waterfront between the Manhattan and Williamsburg Bridges

•Founded in 1801 as a Federal Ship Yard

•Decommissioned and sold to the City of New York in 1967

•Currently operated by the Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation

•300 acre industrial park

•Over 40 buildings

•4 million square feet of usable space

•Over 240 tenants

•More than 5,000 workers

Artist Rendering - 1837

Sands Street Gate - 1900

Current


A Commitment to Sustainability

Sustainability Goals:

• Coordinated strategy to offset the Yard's environmental footprint;

• A national model for sustainable industrial parks; and

• An attractive location for green manufacturers and businesses.


A Commitment to Sustainability

Sustainability Initiatives:

• Reusing Navy-built buildings for their original industrial intent • Constructing first multi-tenant, multi-story industrial LEED Silver buildings in U.S. • Requiring new buildings and full-building renovations to be certified LEED Silver • Using green technologies for renovations and maintenance, i.e. Energy Star roofs, energy efficient windows and light bulbs • Undertaking a major water / sewer project to upgrade the Yard's aging infrastructure and improve water conservation; rebuilding the road system with improved stormwater management systems, expanded landscaping with water-loving plants, and permeable asphalt

• Establishing a tenant sustainability committee • Purchasing hybrid and low-emission vehicles for the Yard's fleet • Installing solar-powered trash compactors and exploring use of solar-powered street lamps • Purchasing eco-friendly cleaning products • Installing bicycle racks and lanes • Providing setbacks along perimeter of Yard to enable the first phase of the Brooklyn Waterfront Greenway for bicyclists and pedestrians

BNY - Perry Avenue BuildingAKA Building 25

• 90,000 square foot ground up construction completed in 2008

•LEED Core & Shell Gold Certified •Sustainable features include:

•Energy efficient building systems•Natural ventilation•High percentage of recycled and regional materials•Collected rainwater flushes toilets•High efficiency and waterless plumbing fixtures•Materials with low VOC contents•Onsite renewable energy generation


Onsite Renewable Energy – 2 Systems

•Six unit building mounted wind turbine array, each unit rated at 1KW for a total of a 6KW array

• Units manufactured and installed by Aerovironment Inc. of Monrovia CA.

• Mounting structure design by Stantec and installation by local contractor

•Roof mounted 10KW photovoltaic array• Designed, installed, and funded by

National Grid under pilot program.• Mounting structure design by Stantec

and installation by local contractor


Wind Turbine Array

•Aerovironment Inc. Model AVX1000•Each unit is 8’-6” tall and 6’-0” wide and weighs 310lbs•5 blades•Integrated bird protection canopy and wires•Start up wind speed 5mph•Peak power generation of 1000 Watts at wind speeds of approximately 29mph


Wind Turbine Structural Installation

•Parameters•Unit weight – 310 lbs x 6•Design load perpendicular to blades -375lbs with 120mph wind at hub

•Installation•Mount spacing at approx 72” on center•Turbines mounted on W12x79 steel beam above roof level• W12x79 on stub columns affixed directly to building steeland braced back to roof beams•Center line of W12x79 is 18” off inside face of parapet


Wind Turbine Electrical Installation

•System Features•DC Bus Line Safety Switch Box at roof to electrically brake all turbines•Inverter panel in electrical room with DC disconnect, inverter, and AC disconnect•Data logger


Wind Turbine Environmental and Safety Concerns

•Unit Stability and Construction Safety• Full engineering strain testing on blades and other

component parts• To date, no noted issues with unit construction

•Avian Safety• Integral bird safety canopy and wires• To date, no noted instances of bird kills on site• Noise• Noise testing by manufacturer noting that within 15”

of units the noise level rarely exceeds 65 db or the volume of normal conversation or a passing car going 40mph @ 50ft away.

• To date, no noise complaints from tenants or general public

• Vibration• To date, no vibration complaints from tenants• Ice Throw• To date, no reported instances of ice throw

BROOKLYN NAVY YARD PERRY AVENUE BUILDINGBuilding Mounted Wind – A Case Study


LEED CS EACredit 2

“Use on-site renewable energy systems to offset building energy cost. Calculate project performance by expressing the energy produced by the renewable systems as a percentage of the building annual energy cost.” USGBC LEED CS V2.0

1% = 1 point

Projected annual energy cost of building = $126,388.

To achieve credit the on-site renewable energy systems must offset at least $1,268.38. Using a blended utility rate (gas and electric) of $0.106 kWh the renewable energy systems must generate a minimum of 11,919 kWh per year.

AVInc estimates that each turbine is capable of generating approximately 2400 kWh per year for an array total of 14,400 kWh.


Actual Power Generation

According to data collected for the week of March 8, 2010 for the preceding 192 days since the system was connected to the inverter and grid, the turbines had generated a total of 126.92 kWh of electricity.

This is far below the target. Prorated for 192 days the system should have produced approximately 6269 kWh in this time frame according to AVInc estimates. The critical issues seem to be the following:

1)For maximum efficiency, wind turbines need to mounted within the area of laminar wind flow, commonly found at 80 to 120 meters above the ground. Turbulence closer to the ground caused by terrain and landscape features, especially in urban areas, disrupts the required flow.2)The AVInc estimate of peak output (1 KW per turbine) happens at a minimum sustained wind speed of 29 mph. This is an uncommon occurrence in the metropolitan area. In fact the turbines don’t even spin below 5mph. According to data collected in Central Park, NYC wind speeds average between 7.5 and 10.7 mph depending on time of year.


Capital Costs

Cost of installation for the system including design, materials and labor for the turbines, mounting structure, and electrical components was approximately ????????

Operating Costs

Yearly operating and maintenance costs for the turbine system, including inspection, cleaning, and data tracking is estimated to be $7200.00

Average Retail Price of Electricity to Ultimate Consumers

According to the Energy Information Administration the average price of electricity to commercial customers in New York State, thus far in 2010, is 15.09 cents per KWH.


Payback

brooklyn navy yard perry avenue building building mounted wind – a case study

Documents

building energy cost

annual energy cost of

building annual energy

mph wind

current slide

parapet slide

mounted wind turbine

onsite renewable energy