bringing the net effect to 700 million rural indians
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Bringing the Net Effect to 700 million Rural Indians. with special reference to NE. Prof. Ashok Jhunjhunwala, IITM, Chennai [email protected]. Rural Magic !!. The next few slides are true stories which have “magically” impacted the lives of people in villages. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Bringing the Net Effect to 700 million Rural Indians
Prof. Ashok Jhunjhunwala, IITM, [email protected]
with special reference to NE
Rural Magic !!
The next few slides are true stories which have “magically” impacted the lives of
people in villages
Palaniammal’s eyes…
A 60 year old from a village near Melur
Photographs by an ordinary web camera:Remote feedback given by Aravind Eye hospital
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 4
Agricultural Consultancy
An Okra crop saved Top: Diseased with
yellow mosaic Below : Post treatment
Saving of Rs 140,000 for the farmers
Cost of information Rs 20
Built huge trust in the system
The Vet is on the Net ...
•This goat had a wound near its mouth and could not eat for a week
• The advice from the doctor cured its problem in 2 days
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 6
Remote Cardiac care
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 7
An Online Clinic …
*Dr Mala Fenn is a leading Gynecologist in Madurai
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 8
Emergencies are no longer Calamities …
In the village of T Ulgapitchanpatti, all hens are dying one by one. The symptoms for these hens are: First, their weight reduces and finally, their necks shrink. At this stage they die immediately. Until now, 300 hens have died in this way. How do we stop this? Please give us a solution immediately. From A. Sakkarai"
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 9
… because Help is at Hand
A visit from the Government Veterinary Officials to vaccinate all hens
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 10
Epidemics can be prevented with a Doctor on Call
A potential epidemic of Chicken Pox was halted by a simple email to the right people
Instant response from the Government Doctors
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 11
Empowerment of People- Attapatti
Veeramani, a man with disabilities, used to operate the pump for the Village Overhead Tank
The Village Head removed him from his job and gave the post to one of his relatives
Through the kiosk, he sent an email petition to the Chief Minister’s Cell, attaching his photograph
He got his job back !
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 12
Web- Durbar: DM talks to multiple villages on video
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 13
Inter Village Singing Competition
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 14
How is all this happening?
and where is this happening?
and can it scale?
and can it be done in North East?
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 15
How does one connect Rural India?
India has 600,000+ villages 700 million people
(about 1000 people per village)
Can Rural India afford Connections?
Needs Technology Sustainable Business Model Organisation which thinks and acts Rural
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 16
Innovative Technology to connect Rural India
To PSTN
To Internet35/70 kbps Always-on Internet plus simultaneous telephone
• Rs 7500 - 10000 per line price
•1 million lines being deployed
BSNL has fibre connectivity to most Talukas (county hq) CorDECT WLL developed at IITM
provides a telephone line and Internet connection in a 30 Km radius
can connect 85% of Indian villages start-up costs very low
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 17
Use Local Entrepreneurs to drive ICT
Today in urban areas: 950,000 such PCOs covering
every street of smallest town generate 25 % of total
telecom income 300 million people use these
PCOs Lesson for Rural:
To serve Rural people with incomes less than $ 1/day, aggregate demand and let Entrepreneurs drive it
Entrepreneur-driven operator assisted telephone booths (STD PCOs) introduced in 1987
Aid/ Grant does not scale Successful Enterprises can scale to all villages
102.1
1710
3.9 1.9 1 0.3 0.30
20
40
60
80
100
120
3 9 13 18 26 42 65 112
HH Income in thousand Rs/month
Nu
mb
er o
f H
H in
mill
ion
s
135 million rural households
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 18
n-Logue : A Rural Service Provider aggregate demand into a kiosk
Rs 50000 per Kiosk providing telephone, Internet, multimedia PC with web-camera, printer and power back-up for PC
plus Indian language software, video conferencing software, training and maintenance
set up by a village entrepreneur on the lines of urban PCOs provides telephone, stand-alone Computer and Internet
services needs Rs3500 per month to break even (Rs3:50 per person
per month)
Innovative Business Models
The Business Model
Services Revenues
n-Logue
LSP-1 LSP-2 LSP-3
Kiosk Kiosk Kiosk Kiosk Kiosk
Villagers
Provides Training and Technical Support Handles Licensing and Policy issues Provides Internet Backbone Connectivity Enables Kiosk Services through Alliance Partners Creates Awareness
Application & Solution Providers
Internet Backbone
ACCESS CENTRE
Local Service Partner
Markets Connections Provides Onsite Support and Training Manages Local Web & Email Services Manages Local Content Pages
Scope:3000 sq km400-600 connections (1 in each village)
Internet Kiosk Operator
School/PHC Private Business Government Office Rural NGO
Provides Internet Access to Local Community Provides Awareness and Training Channels Information needs of Community through
LSP to Application & Content Providers
Financing
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 21
A Suitably Positioned Kiosk Like this …
Tamil Nadu
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 22
Or these…
Maharashtra
Rajasthan
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 23
The Kiosk Owner
Should have studied up to Class 10
Need have no prior computer Training
Should be able to communicate to the people in the village
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 24
A Kiosk Owner/Operator
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 25
Kiosk: Bouquet of Services (besides telephony)
A variety of Services and Applications, relevant to Rural people, need to be enabled
No single service can stand on its own Education Livelihood Health Entertainment Communication E-Governance
Learning typingComputer educationPhotographyCD moviesDTP workEmail/voice & video mailE-GovernanceVideo conferencing providing Tele-medicine
Vet CareE-learning E-Agriculture
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 26
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 27
E-governmentservices at a Village
VILLAGE KIOSK
• Dispersal of • PDS coupons• Application forms for exams, etc
Physical Dispersal
• Payment of • Municipal taxes• Electricity Bills• Bus Tickets• Purchase of Seeds / Fertilisers• Entrance and Exam FeesNet Banking
• Distribution of Application Forms
• Information from Online Databases like
• BPL lists• Electoral Lists, etc
From Central Website
Information Dissemination
• Text, Audio, Video formats of various Government / Public service Announcements
• Video-conferencing between Collector and villagers• Physical Notice Board outside Kiosk on which Govt. Notices can
be pasted
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 28
The Dream
Current Rural GDP in India = Rs 700,000 Crores
For a Population = 700 million people
GDP / Person = Rs 10000 per year
DOUBLING per-capita Rural GDP
Rs 20000 per person per year
Rural Prosperity
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 29
Agriculture
AnimalHusbandry
Agricultural Processing
Industry
IT-Based Services
Trade & Commerce
Rural Micro-Enterprises are the Wealth Creators
Micro-enterprises need Finance Knowledge and
Training Buying & Selling Insurance
Can Communications Enable these ?
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 30
Operations
Project Summary & Plans
462719Totals615Others16151Gujarat
1486Maharashtra
1037TN
TotalActiveLiveState
Plans 78 Projects by March 2004
Maharashtra: 30 TN: 25 Gujarat: 16 Others: 7 125 kiosk/project
10000 kiosks by Jul-Sep 2004
Projected Breakup of Kiosks
3000
2500
3500
800
TN Gujarat Maharashtra Others
Technologies & people behind n-Logue
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 32
Technologies in Use
corDECT WiLL Midas will enable 100/200 dedicated and
2 Mbps shared connection next year
RAS & Router Banyan Minnow ISP in a box Nilgiri
Billing System Nilgiri Network Management NMSWorks Chiraag voice/video mail TeNeT Power back-up Alacrity Indian Language Office package CK
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 33
To PSTN
To Internet
corDECT Wireless in Local Loop
35/70 kbps dedicated Always-on Internet plus simultaneous telephone
100/200 kbps dedicated & 2Mbps shared connection in near future
Price target: Rs 5000 to Rs 7500 per line
802.16 in future
IITM - Midas
Office package in Indian Languages IITM - Chennai Kavigal
Network Management System
A must with distributed deployment of Intelligent nodes
Convergence of Telecom and Internet management Manage traffic, subscribers,
subscriber equipment and network health from management centers
IITM-NMSWorks
IITM-Nilgiri Networks
Rural communications software developed in a rural setting
BlueBill: real-time billing for voice, Internet and applications
Minnow: ISP Data Centre on redundant Linux/PCs
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 36
Major New Initiatives
Multi-party multi-rate video conferencing OOPS Live Lecture OOPS
Rural ATM Machine Vortex Finger print detection HP-IITM
Medical Diagnostic kit NeuroSynaptic LCD projection system TeNeT Web Terminal MeTeL Midas
Entertainment Terminal TeNeT Rural Banking SW TeNeT On-line eye-testing HP-IITM Sparse Area Comm System TeNeT-ISRO
TeNeT faculty and over 10 companies incubated by it (with 1000 engineers) working to make the dream true
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 37
Low bit-rate multi-party Video Conferencing (audio + video + chat at 20 kbps onwards)
On-line lecturing at low bit-rates
IITM - OOPS
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 38
Financial Services with ICICI Bank
Kiosk operators to have Credit cards Collect cash from villager and pay online
Govt. payments, Telephone bills
Kiosk operator to be an agent for agri-crop loans Rural Insurance, Health and Crop
Rural low cost ATMs at kiosks Works along with the PC already existing Breakthrough pricing envisaged of Rs30000
IITM-Vortex
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 39
VITAL centres : Next 3 months
A Diagnostic Kit Consisting of:BP MeasurementTemperatureECGStethoscope
Weighing Scales Height Chart
VILLAGE KIOSK
A remote medical kit can transmit all this data on the internet to anywhere In the world in real time ---- at a cost of about Rs 10,000
IITM - NeuroSynaptic
Online Eye Testing
Can this be done in North East?
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 42
North East
Plains Assam and Tripura : mostly plains rural population density exceeds 300
Hilly areas Manipur, Meghalaya & Nagaland: 100 plus rural population density Mizoram & Arunachal: 10 to 40 rural population density no fibre backbone
use microwave as backbone use satellite communications
satellite station in each village is too expensive use satellite for back-haul / backbone
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 43
Satellite backhaul
Satellite Remote will connect 50 villages 50 telephones at 0.1 E traffic and 5 kbps voice coding will
require 25 kbps Internet connectivity of about 100 - 200 kbps
appropriate caching and mirror server at hub can provide Internet connections to about 50 villages
RT requires a 128 / 256 kbps dedicated connection
To serve multiple RTs, a shared download of 2 Mbps will help uplink channels can be 128 / 256 kbps SCPC
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 44
• 8-10 voice channels + 64/128 kbps Internet satellite backhaul
• Each hub supports 16 to 20 remote sites with 2 Mbps download
• Rs 8000 corDECT + Rs10000 backhaul cost per connection
PSTN
Internet
2.4 m antenna3.8 m antenna
15 -25 Kms with 50 connections
2 M
bps
-->
128
Kbp
s --
>
<-- 256 Kbps
Sparse Area Communications where there is no fibre backbone
IITM - ISRO
TeNeT Group, IITM Nov 03 45
To Sum Up
ICT can reach everyone provided there is a big enough Vision behind it
Dream of Doubling per capita Rural GDP Finance, Commerce, Training &
Information are key Driving Education, Health and
Entrepreneurship is the means
Wireless Internet with fibre backhaul can enable these
Sparse Areas will require special technologies & efforts
Large number of innovative technologies and applications need to be developed catering specifically to Rural areas