bring out your dead!
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Bring Out Your Dead!. The Bubonic Plague. Impact of the Black Death in Europe. Demography: 1/3 of the population died (20 million) Displacement of the population Jews fled to Eastern Europe Peasants settled abandoned lands Families abandoned Cities grew as economic centers. In Europe. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Bring Out Your Dead!The Bubonic Plague
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Impact of the Black Death in Europe• Demography:
– 1/3 of the population died (20 million)
– Displacement of the population
• Jews fled to Eastern Europe
• Peasants settled abandoned lands
• Families abandoned
• Cities grew as economic centers
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In Europe
• Politically:– Peasant Revolt of
1381 in England (political instability)
– Power of monarchies increased as countries became urbanized: security
– Traditional authority figures challenged
– Scapegoats
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Still in Europe
• Economically:– Wages increased for
labor– Wealth distribution
changed– Monarchies increased tax
base & armies– Prices increased &
commercial activity decreased
– Extended work days (clocks)
– Labor shortage: invention of machinery to help
– Peasants & workers became aware of value
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And still in Europe• Religiously:
– Papacy became more secular & occupied w/ fiscal gain & universal power
– Disillusionment with church led to:
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Disillusionment with Church:
• Increase in religious fervor:– Increase in number of religious
holidays– Increase in religious
pilgrimages– Increase in indulgences by the
Pope• Increase in hedonism:
– People lived for the moment– Turned to drink, sex, and
materialism– Questioning of Church
authority; set stage for Protestant Reformation
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Impact of Black Death in the Islamic Middle East
• Inflation:– High cost of medicines &
ingredients:• Incense, cardamom,
camphor, white sugar, watermelons, Syrian pears, molasses, pumpkin seeds
– Cost of silver rose because of use as magic talismans and amulets
– Shortage of funeral cloths and burial shrouds
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Still in the Middle East
• Economically:– High cost of labor due to population decline– Doctors, druggists, herb sellers, and blood-
letters became wealthy
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Yup…still there
• Society:– Mosques closed due to
deaths of caretakers– Crafts disappeared
because of decreased demand: artists could earn more by transporting the dead
• Number of weavers in Alexandria dropped from 13,000 in 1394 to 800 in 1434
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And more Middle East• Governmentally:
– Increased endowments for religions, educational, and charitable purposes
– Government funds increased due to death duties and confiscation of victims’ property
– Technological stagnation
– Decline of Middle East as a trade center
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Medical Treatments in Europe• Flight: prefer low sites
away from wind• Pope Clement VI
went to Avignon where he slept between 2 bonfires
• Avoided the coast• Houses built facing
north with windows covered in waxed cloth
• Aromatic items burned to keep away the miasma
• Religious relics/magic amulets/talismans/hex signs
• Sleep first on right and then on left side to keep body steady
• Don’t sleep on back: vapors will get you through your nose and erase your memory
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More medical stuff• “Bad cures bad”• Bloodletting• Soothing potions:
apple, syrup, lemon, rosewater, & peppermint
• Emerald, gold, pearls = medicinal
• Eating eggs w/ vinegar
• “Ring Around the Rosie”
Ring around the rosie,
Pocket full of posies,
Achoo! Achoo!
We all fall down!
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Medical Treatments in the Middle East• Few people in the
streets• No flight b/c must
preserve society from disruption & disorder
• Clean & fumigate house
• Letter magic• Renewed enforcement
of Muslim laws, esp. against alcohol and moral laxity
• Have patience, piety, & visit the sick
• Curses were discouraged
• Burning fires• Sweet smelling shrubs
planted around the cities
• Avoid congested areas• No sleeping after
eating, avoid missing meals
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More Middle Eastern medical treatments• Sleep with room
opened to the north• Bloodletting• Keep morale high w/
joy, serenity, relaxation, hope
• Plague buboes were pierced & soaked w/ vinegar & oil of roses, apples and myrtle
• Dried egg yolk applied to boils
• Items to strengthen the heart: fruit juice, fragrant foods, lentils, meat in vinegar
• Beds covered with flowers
• Plasters on the hearts• Drink sour liquids• Seek pleasant &
attractive company
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List the reactions of:• Europe:
– Religion– Superstition– Folk belief &
tradition– Science or
medicine:
• Middle East:– Religion– Superstition– Folk belief &
tradition– Science or
medicine:
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Points to ponder:• How might people, while meaning well,
accidentally spread the plague?• Sometimes, during a crisis, things of little
value an suddenly seem precious and vice versa. Do you see any evidence of this in either culture?
• If plague were to strike today, what things do you think would escalate in value today? Any similarities?