Briefing to EOH3202 Occupational HealthGuide for Week 1-7

PJJ Bacelor Sains Sumber Manusia (Pembangunan)07 September 2013 Emilia Zainal AbidinDepartment of Environmental and Occupational HealthFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences

I am here to assist you

Emilia Zainal Abidin◦ BSc. Biochem, MSc. Com Health, PhD

Environ MedDepartment of Environmental and

Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia

Phone No.: 03-89472643emiliazainal@gmail.com

Course SynopsisThis course include a discussion

about the health, safety and welfare of employees and the organization and functions.

Health problems caused by disease agents associated with the various types of work will be developed further.

Course Synopsis (Cont.)This course also provides

exposure to workers' compensation issues as well as stress and violence at work.

In addition, occupational health principles, principles of prevention and control measures are also discussed in detail.

Where are you right now?

Course ObjectivesTo correlate occupational health services

and the role played by the government and other institutions in the field of occupational health in Malaysia (C5, TS)

To identify the source of exposure to biological, chemicals and physical agents and its hazardous effects to workers health and to control and manage the hazards (A4, LL)

To understand the details of the diseases that can be found in the workplace (P4, CS)

Never mind the course objectives, but the most important point, how will I be assessed?

Course Assessment

Assessment for this course is divided into:

(i) Overall Continuous Assessment 30 % Assignment 1 (group work) 10 % Assignment 2 (individual) 20 %

(ii) Mid-term Examination 30 %

(i) + (ii) 60%

(ii) Final Examination 40% Overall Total 100%

So far any questions?

AssignmentsTopics for Group Assignment [10%]Divide yourselves into a group of 10. Select any ONE [1] of the following topic for

research and write-up of report. Students are requested to search for information from reference books and from other sources available on relevant websites.1. Identify all relevant hazards in a semi-

conductor manufacturing sector/industry and methods (suggestions) to manage and control only THREE [3] major hazards which have been identified.

Tip: The management and control of hazards should be described in terms of hierarchy of control (Unit 4 page 36 in module)

Explain hazards in terms of these:Physical: elevated objects, noise,

high voltage, mechanical injuryChemical: hydrocarbon under

pressure, toxic materials, solvents

Biological: virus, needle stick injury

Ergonomic: poor body posture, carry heavy weights, repetitive work

Psychosocial: stress or violence at the workplace

Physical hazard

Chemical hazard

Biological hazard

Ergonomic hazard

Psychological hazard

Use the hierarchy of hazard control for your report

Individual assignmentsTopics for Individual Assignment 1 [2%]

◦Video Viewing of “One Night in Bhopal”◦Please answer the given quiz and submit by

the 4th week of this semester Topics for Individual Assignment 2 [9%] (SCL)

◦Submit your answers by the end of week 6Topics for Individual Assignment 3 [9%] (SCL)

◦Submit your answers by the end of week 13

Main ReferencesModule EOH3202Aw, T.C., Gardiner, K. & Harrington, J.M. (2007).

Pocket Consultant: Occupational Health. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

La Dou, J. (2007). Current Occupational and Environmental Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Sadhra, S.S. & Rampal, K.G. (1999). Occupational Health: Risk Assessment and Management. Blackwell Science.

Buku Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994.

Buku Akta Kilang dan Jentera1967.

Other ReferencesNational Institute of Occupational

Safety and Health. (2004). Overtime and Extended Work Shifts: Recent Findings on Illness, Injuries and Health Behaviours. Washington: DHHS (NIOSH).

Lingard, H & Rowlinson, S. (2005). Occupational Health and Safety in Construction Project Management. Oxon: Spon Press.

What will happen without good occupational health governance?

Bhopal tragedy, India◦December 1984, a highly toxic gas

was leaked from a pesticide plant in city

◦Winds spread the poison through a densely populated area

◦Many died instantly, others as they tried to flee, more than 20,000 people died in total in the aftermath of the leak

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Bhopal and Union Carbide

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Recent tragediesChernobyl nuclear disaster, Kiev,

Ukraine◦April 26, 1986, a reactor at the Chernobyl

nuclear power plant experienced a catastrophic failure

◦Resulted in the worst nuclear power disaster in history

◦due to a flawed reactor design and poorly trained plant personnel

◦Amount of radiation released was at least 100 X that of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs combined

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Chernobyl

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Bright Sparklers fireworks explosion at Sungai Buloh

Tragedy happened in 7th May, 1991Fireworks factory and fire killed 22

people and injured 103 othersBright Sparklers Sdn. Bhd violated

many laws to carry out dangerous operation

Commission found that legislations pertaining to siting, construction, maintenance and operations of the factory were not adhered to

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What is Occupational Health? Definition 1: Occupational Health is the promotion

and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations by preventing departures from health, controlling risks and the adaptation of work to people, and people to their jobs◦ (ILO-WHO 1950)

Definition 2 - Occupational Health is the maintenance and promotion of workers’ health and working capacity, improvement of working environment and work to become conducive to safety and health and the Development of work organisation and working culture – safe, healthy and enhance productivity◦ (ILO-WHO Committee on Occupational Health 1955)

What would you suggest as an Occupational Health professional

(Figure 1).

Buried by mill scale at pier

What improvements would you suggest as an Occupational Health professional?

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(Figure 1)(Figure 2)

Around 8.45 am on February 24, 2012 a fatal accident occurred at Port Klang, Selangor involving a Bangladeshi employee who worked with the cleaning contractor

During the accident, the victim was collecting mill scale that has spilled on the pier floor under the path of the wharf crane (capacity 20 tons), which, at the time was unloading the mill scale from vessels into the hopper on the pier (Figure 1).

While the grab bucket used to transport the mill scale passing through the area where the victim was working, grab bucket had opened suddenly and cause the load carried to fall and buried the victim below (Figure 2).

Victim died on the way to the hospital.

OH accidents: ExampleBuried by Mill Scale At Pier

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Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control [HIRARC] should be done more thoroughly◦ Cleaning work should not be performed while the grab

bucket was operating◦ Safe work procedures

Supervision over a work Investigation should be carried out on every near

missed incident and dangerous occurrences The causes of these incidents, particularly those

involving mechanical failure of a machine must be identified

Activities such as scheduled maintenance and inspection of machineries should be performed

OH accidents: Example pier

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Self-learningMid semester’s testBased on Unit 1-11Self-learning according to the

given module

Mid semester’s testChapter 1 to 11 from moduleWhat would you prefer? Any

requests?◦2 hours examination?◦50 objectives?◦5 out of 8 short answer questions?

What to focus on?Chapter 1: Introduction to

Occupational Health◦Historical perspective of

occupational healthChapter 2: Roles of occupational

health professionalsWhat are the competencies in

occupational health

What to focus on?Chapter 3: History of

Occupational Health Services◦SOCSO◦DOSH◦NIOSH◦KKM

What to focus on?Chapter 4: Introduction to Hazard

◦What are the hazards in occupational health?

◦How to identify risks? What are the steps?

Chapter 5: Legal requirements of OSH◦How law in Malaysia evolved?◦OSH Act 1994◦FMA Act 1967

What to focus on?Chapter 6: Noise

◦How to control noise exposure?◦What are the laws regarding noise?

Chapter 7: Physical hazard – suspended particulates◦Fractions of dusts◦What are Aerosols?

What to focus on?Chapter 8: Physical hazard –

radiation and heat◦Ionizing and non-ionizing radiations◦Examples of each

Chapter 9: Ergonomic hazard◦Definition◦Examples of ergonomic health

problems

What to focus on?Chapter 10: Chemical Hazard:

Organic solvent poisoning◦The health effects◦The methods to control◦What tests are used in the workplace◦Why solvents are hazardous

Chapter 11: Chemical Hazard: Heavy metal◦What tasks will expose workers◦How to measure metals in worker’s

biological samples?

Thank you for your attention

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Success is in your hands!