brief introduction into e-mobility€¦ · product manager power supplies ... ice + xev 2016...
TRANSCRIPT
Automotive
Ralf Oestreicher
Market Segment Automotive
BRIEF INTRODUCTION INTOE-MOBILITY
Anja Fenske
Product Manager Power Supplies
► Motivation
► Market Outlook
► Major Components
► Market Segmentation
► Take Aways
OVERVIEW
Rohde & Schwarz
MOTIVATION
1. Limited resources
2. Air pollution
3. Restrictions (no allowance to enter cities)
4. CO2 emission target
12.06.2020 Brief Introduction into e-mobility3
AUTOMOTIVE
Rohde & Schwarz
CO2 EMISSION TARGET
12.06.2020 Brief Introduction into e-mobility4
AUTOMOTIVE
Average CO2 emission 2019: 121.8 g/km
Penalty: 95 €/g CO2 per car
E.g.: 1 M cars 100 g CO2/km
(100 – 95) x 95€ = 475 M€ penalty
Rohde & Schwarz
HOW TO REACH CO2 EMISSION TARGET?
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AUTOMOTIVE
Balancing of different technologies
Rohde & Schwarz
MODE OF ELECTRIFICATION
Brief Introduction into e-mobility6
AUTOMOTIVE
12.06.2020
Rohde & Schwarz
BALANCING OF DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES
12.06.2020 Brief Introduction into e-mobility7
95 g CO2/km
ICE
AUTOMOTIVE
Rohde & Schwarz
BALANCING OF DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES
12.06.2020 Brief Introduction into e-mobility8
95 g CO2/km
BEV
ICE
AUTOMOTIVE
Rohde & Schwarz
BALANCING OF DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES
12.06.2020 Brief Introduction into e-mobility9
95 g CO2/km
PHEV BEV
ICE
AUTOMOTIVE
Rohde & Schwarz
BALANCING OF DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES
12.06.2020 Brief Introduction into e-mobility10
95 g CO2/km
PHEV BEV
ICEHEV
AUTOMOTIVE
Rohde & Schwarz
BALANCING OF DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES
12.06.2020 Brief Introduction into e-mobility11
95 g CO2/km
PHEV BEVICE MHEV HEV
AUTOMOTIVE
► Motivation
► Market Outlook
► Major Components
► Market Segmentation
► Take Aways
OVERVIEW
Rohde & Schwarz
GLOBAL OUTLOOKICE + XEV 2016 – 2031
12.06.2020 Brief Introduction into e-mobility13
AUTOMOTIVE
VW plans 150 GWh/yr battery capacity
for Europe in 2025 (2.5 Mcars x 60kWh)
Rohde & Schwarz
GLOBAL OUTLOOKICE + XEV 2015 - 2050
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AUTOMOTIVE
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BEV BATTERY COSTS OUTLOOK 2010 – 2030
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AUTOMOTIVE
Source: LMC
Rohde & Schwarz
GLOBAL BATTERY CELL PRODUCTION 2019
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AUTOMOTIVE
► Motivation
► Market Outlook
► Major Components
► Market Segmentation
► Take Aways
OVERVIEW
Rohde & Schwarz
MAJOR COMPONENTS ELECTRICAL VEHICLE
18
AUTOMOTIVE
12.06.2020
EV blockdiagram 48V MHEV blockdiagram
Brief Introduction into e-mobility
Rohde & Schwarz
MARKET SIZE EV COMPONENTS
12.06.2020 Brief Introduction into e-mobility19
AUTOMOTIVE
Rohde & Schwarz
MAJOR COMPONENTS – BATTERY
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AUTOMOTIVE
Rohde & Schwarz
AUDI BATTERY STRUCTURE
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AUTOMOTIVE
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CELL / BATTERY OPTIMISATION
Optimisation of battery performance prime target of car manufacturer
Improvement of range longer distances
Improvement of specific energy less weight, more energy
Improvement of costs affordable BEV
Distinguish from other car manufacturers
Comparable with combustion engine car development in the past:
12.06.2020 Brief Introduction into e-mobility22
Model: VW Beetle
Year: 1972
Engine: 1600 cm3
Power: 37 kW
Consumption: 15 l/100km
Model: VW Golf
Year: 2019
Engine: 1500 cm3
Power: 110 kW
Consumption: 5 l/100km
AUTOMOTIVE
Rohde & Schwarz
MAJOR COMPONENTS –BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
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Battery Management System (BMS) will be the key element in future cars such as the Engine
Control Unit (ECU) in today‘s cars
Features
Monitoring of Li-Ion cells
Cell balancing
Monitoring of cell temperatures
Battery current and voltage measurement
State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) calculation of battery cells
Controls internal and external actuators like fans for battery cooling, etc.
Modular structure including Battery Management Controller and Cell Monitoring Controller
AUTOMOTIVE
Rohde & Schwarz
MAJOR COMPONENTS –BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
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AUTOMOTIVE
Cell 1
Cell 2
Cell n
Module 1
Cell 1
Cell 2
Cell n
Module n
Cell
Monitoring
Unit / Controller
(CMU / CMC)
Slave 1
Cell
Monitoring
Unit / Controller
(CMU / CMC)
Slave n
Battery
Management
Controller
(BMC)
Master
Battery Management System (BMS)
Rohde & Schwarz
MAJOR COMPONENTS –INVERTER / CONVERTER
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Modern power modules use
wide-bandgap materials such
as silicon carbide (SiC)
high switching frequencies
steep rising edges
high voltages
AUTOMOTIVE
Rohde & Schwarz
MODE OF ELECTRIFICATIONINCLUDING 48V FULL HYBRID
26 Brief Introduction into e-mobility
AUTOMOTIVE
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Rohde & Schwarz
48V MARKET
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48V MHEV (and 48V HEV) will dominate the market for the next years due to:
Less safety regulation (< 60V)
AUTOMOTIVE
Rohde & Schwarz
48V MARKET
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48V MHEV (and 48V HEV) will dominate the market for the next years due to:
Less safety regulation (< 60V)
Moderate additional costs for large benefit
AUTOMOTIVE
Rohde & Schwarz
48V MARKET
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48V MHEV (and 48V HEV) will dominate the market for the next years due to:
Less safety regulation (< 60V)
Moderate additional costs for large benefit
Covering additional applications
AUTOMOTIVE
Rohde & Schwarz
48V MARKET
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48V MHEV (and 48V HEV) will dominate the market for the next years due to:
Less safety regulation (< 60V)
Moderate additional costs for large benefit
Covering additional applications
With battery shortages ongoing, you can make at least
twenty 48V full hybrids for one Tesla
AUTOMOTIVE
Rohde & Schwarz
48V MARKET
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48V MHEV (and 48V HEV) will dominate the market for the next years due to:
Less safety regulation (< 60V)
Moderate additional costs for large benefit
Covering additional applications
With battery shortages ongoing, you can make at least
twenty 48V full hybrids for one Tesla
No government incentives required
AUTOMOTIVE
Rohde & Schwarz
48V BMS MARKET
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Major player in 48V BMS:
Continental:
2020 4 Million MHEV.
2025 15 Million MHEV.
Already received
orders worth 1B€ for
48V systems.
Bosch:
2025 15
Million MHEV.
AUTOMOTIVE
Rohde & Schwarz
R&S SOLUTION48V BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM► Function: Monitor, control and manage various functions and parameters such as:
interconnection of multiple low voltage battery cells (e.g. 3.7V) that form a 48V battery pack
voltage, current and temperature of the battery cells
state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of the battery cells
thermal management, energy management, cell balancing and performance of the battery pack
► Test issue:
Emulation of single battery cells in R&D (upto 16 cells with approx. 3.7V per cell)
Debugging of Cell Monitoring Controller (HW)
► R&S products:
Power Supply: 8 x NGL200 / NGM200
RTO, RTP
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AUTOMOTIVE
► Motivation
► Market Outlook
► Major Components
► Market Segmentation
► Take Aways
OVERVIEW
Rohde & Schwarz
AUTOMOTIVE
35 Brief Introduction into e-mobility
► Voltage level will go up from 400V to ≥ 800V to increase driving range and improve charging efficiency
► Wireless connection between cell management controller and battery management controller under
development; reduction of weight (cables) and price
► Cloud based BMS data and control management (e.g. Bosch)
► Customer specific design of battery cells driven by OEMs; production mainly at cell manufacturer;
differentiation and further improvement of specific energy and SoC/SoH; Cell To Pack (CTP)
► Li-Io batteries dominant, solid state batteries and fuel cells not relevant before 2030,
electrical drivetrain architecture remains unchanged
► Wireless in-wheel-Motor (W-IWM): inductive charging during driving
► Further integration of modules (e.g. converter and inverter)
► HV Inverter/Converter: IGBT, MOSFET; SIC more mature than GaN
► Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) / Inductive Charging:
standardization in advanced status (Standardisation Roadmap)
test phase started (e.g. BMW 530e + WiTricity)
TECHNOLOGY TRENDS
12.06.2020
Rohde & Schwarz
FURTHER QUESTIONS
Contact:
Ralf Oestreicher
Market Segment Automotive
Phone: +49 89 4129 14540
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AUTOMOTIVE
Webinar
Anja Fenske
Product Manager Power Supplies
POWER SUPPLIES OVERVIEW AND TEST OF BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND CELL MANAGEMENT CONTROLLERS
► R&S power supply portfolio
► R&S®NGL/M200 power
supply series
Common features
NGM200 exclusive
features
► Battery management
system testing
AGENDA
Rohde & Schwarz
R&S POWER SUPPLY CLASSES
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HMP2030HMP2020
HMP4040HMP4030
HM8143
NGL202NGL201
NGM202NGM201NGP802
NGP822
NGP804
NGP814
NGP824
B A S I C P E R F O R M A N C E S P E C I A L T Y
1 output 2 outputs 3 outputs 2 outputs 3 outputs 4 outputs1 output 1 output 2 outputs 3 outputs
NGE103BNGE102B
HM7042-5
HMC8041 HMC8043HMC8042
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Basic Power Supplies
Economical, quiet and stable
Manual and simple PC-controlled operation
In education, on the bench and in system racks
B A S I C
1 output 2 outputs 3 outputs
NGE103BNGE102B
HM7042-5
HMC8041 HMC8043HMC8042
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HMP2030HMP2020
HMP4040HMP4030
NGP802
NGP822
NGP804
NGP814
NGP824
P E R F O R M A N C E
2 outputs 3 outputs 4 outputs1 output
Performance Power
Supplies
Speed, accuracy and advanced
programming features
Features such as DUT
protection, fast programming
times and downloadable V and I
sequences
Used in labs and ATE
applications
more
channelsmore
power
Rohde & Schwarz
HM8143
NGL202NGL201
NGM202NGM201
NGM201S P E C I A L T Y
1 output 2 outputs 3 outputs
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Specialty Power Supplies
Tailored to specific applications
Unique capabilities such as
• Emulating the characteristics of a battery
• Electronic load to sink current and dissipate
power in an accurate and controlled
manner
Used in labs and ATE applications
more
functions
Rohde & Schwarz
R&S®NGL200 AND R&S®NGM200 POWER SUPPLY FAMILYINNOVATIVE OPERATING CONCEPT
Rotary Knob
fast adjustment of all values
Home Button
return to channel view at any time
User Button
set your preferred shortcut, e.g. screenshot
Output On/Off
easily switching on/off the output
Power On/Off Button
USB Interface
plug in USB stick to save e.g. log data
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5” Capacitive Touch Screen
intuitive user interface
Menu Button
all settings in one place
Channel Buttons
quickly switching on/off the channels
Rohde & Schwarz
R&S®NGL200 AND R&S®NGM200 POWER SUPPLY FAMILYKEY SPECIFICATIONS
R&S®NGL200 and R&S®NGM200 Specifications
Number of channels 1 or 2
Voltage per channel 0 V to 20 V
Max. current per channel ≤ 6 V: 6 A, > 6 V: 3 A
Max. output power per channel 60 W
Load recovery time < 30 µs
Ripple and noise < 500 μV (RMS) / < 1 mA (RMS) (meas.)
Programming resolution 1 mV / 0.1 mA
Max. Readback resolutionR&S®NGL: 10 µV / 10 µA
R&S®NGM: 5 µV / 10 nA
Electronic load 60 W / 3 A
Data LoggingR&S®NGL: 10 sample/s
R&S®NGM: 500 ksample/s
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Rohde & Schwarz
R&S®NGL200 AND R&S®NGM200 POWER SUPPLY FAMILY
Source and sink operation
Minimum ripple and noise
Fast load recovery times
6 ½ digit resolution
High speed data acquisition
Battery simulation
Multiple measurement ranges
Digital voltmeter input
NGL200 & NGM200 common features and NGM200 exclusive features
NGL200 & NGM200 common features NGM200 exclusive features
COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
Rohde & Schwarz
R&S®NGL200 AND R&S®NGM200 POWER SUPPLY FAMILYTWO-QUADRANT OPERATION
NGL200 & NGM200 common features
Operates as source and sink
The R&S®NGL200 power supplies automatically
switch from source mode to sink mode.
As soon as the externally applied voltage exceeds
the set nominal voltage, current flows into the
power supply.
Customer benefits►Simulates loads and batteries
►Charging and discharging of batteries
COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
Rohde & Schwarz
R&S®NGL200 AND R&S®NGM200 POWER SUPPLY FAMILYMINIMUM RIPPLE AND NOISE
NGL200 & NGM200 common features
Linear regulation
Advanced electronic circuitry is often very
sensitive to interference on the supply lines.
The R&S®NGL200 power supplies provide
extremely stable output voltages and currents.
Specifications (20 Hz to 20 MHz)
►Voltage ripple and noise:
< 500 µV (RMS)
< 2 mV (peak-to-peak) (meas.)
►Current ripple and noise:
< 1 mA (RMS) (meas.)Customer benefitsSupports power amplifiers and MMIC development
COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
Rohde & Schwarz
R&S®NGL200 AND R&S®NGM200 POWER SUPPLY FAMILYFAST LOAD RECOVERY TIME
NGL200 & NGM200 common features
Best load recovery time in its class
During challenging load conditions most power supplies
react with slow recovery time and overshoot.
Optimized control loop design in the R&S®NGL200
achieves a load recovery time of < 30 µs with
minimum overshoot.
Customer benefits►Perfect when testing IoT and battery powered devices
►Qualifying of sensitive designs, e.g. semiconductors
COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
Rohde & Schwarz
R&S®NGL200 AND R&S®NGM200 POWER SUPPLY FAMILY6 ½ DIGIT RESOLUTION
NGL200 & NGM200 common features
Customer benefits►Perfect for characterizing devices with low standby power consumption
and high full load current
►Saves bench space and needs less connections to the DUT
►Replaces an additional DMM in many applications.
Readings with 6½ digit
resolution
Voltage, current and power measurement
values are shown with up to 6½ digits
resolution.
COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
Rohde & Schwarz
BATTERY BASICS
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Battery modelling►Real batteries show different
characteristics depending on the
type of battery and its charging
condition.
►Capacity, open circuit voltage
(Voc) and equivalent series
resistance (ESR) are important
battery characteristics that depend
on its state of charge (SoC).
►Example shows typical
characteristics of a AA type battery 0 %80 % 20 %30 %40 %50 %60 %70 %100 % 90 % 10 %0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Internal resistance
Open circuit voltage
[V] [Ω]
State of charge
Application
Rohde & Schwarz
BUILDING BATTERY MODELS WITH THE R&S®NGM200
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Application
Versatile battery simulation► Capacity, Open Circuit Voltage (VOC) and
Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) are
important battery characteristics that
depend on its State of Charge (SoC)
► To define a battery model, the battery’s
data can be entered in a pre-defined table
► Running a battery in discharging mode, the
real output performance can be simulated
► On the other side, also the charging
behavior of a battery can be simulated
► Using an R&S®NGM202, even two
batteries can be simulated at the same
time
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Battery capacity testing and discharging curve
►For the battery capacity test the R&S®NGM power supply is connected as load to the charged
battery of the mobile phone under test.
►An application note is available to perform the measurement automatically
►Start measurements with a fully-charged battery
►The application software will discharge the battery and display the capacity
► The discharging curve can be compared to the reference curve
BATTERY INCOMING INSPECTIONApplication
BATTERY CELL SIMULATION FOR BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TESTS
BMS Testing
Rohde & Schwarz
BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ARE USED IN MOST DEVICES THAT USE RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES
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BMS Testing
Electric vehicles
Consumer
electronics
Healthcare
All lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries require a BMS. This is due to the fact
that all Li-ion batteries will fail if overcharged, completely discharged
or operated outside their safe temperature window. Each Li-ion cell
type has its own safe operating area, which makes it necessary to
program the BMS accordingly.
Rohde & Schwarz
BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
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Battery management system ►Intelligent Battery Management Systems (BMS) are required to actively ensure
the monitoring, controlling and managing of various battery cell parameters
such as
voltage, current, thermal and energy management,
cell balancing
state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of
the battery cells
►A typical BMS consists of one or more Cell Monitoring
Controller (CMC) and a Battery Management
Controller (BMC) depending on the voltage level of the
battery pack;
BMC and CMC are set up in a master & slave architecture
BMS Testing
Rohde & Schwarz
TEST CASES
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Battery management system requirementsTo optimize the monitoring, controlling and managing of the battery cells is a great challenge in
BMS development and validation.
Testing includes:
► Protection: Protect the cells from being operated outside the threshold
conditions
► Cell balancing: Balance the charge in the individual cells to maintain symmetry
between the cells
► Aging: Continuous change of voltage level per cell
► Mission profile: Customized profile simulating different scenarios
► Error simulation: Disconnect the battery during emergency conditions in a safe way
► Communication: Communicate relevant data for the driver displays and alarm
functions
BMS Testing
Rohde & Schwarz
► Support in every step of BMS development
► Customizable test system scalable to the needed number of cells
► Simulation and control of single battery cells with multiple power supplies:
set up of pre-defined and programmable cell models (e.g. Li-Ion)
real time monitoring of battery cell parameters:
terminal and open circuit voltage
charge and discharge current
state of charge (SOC)
internal resistance
► Fast regulation of output impedance (adjustable from -50 mOhm to 100 Ohm)
► Data acquisition with 500 ksample/s for in depth analysis and documentation
► Digital I/O interface ensures synchronous and fast control of all battery cells
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BMS Testing
R&S SOLUTION
Rohde & Schwarz
The R&S®NGL200 and
R&S®NGM200 power supplies
meet your battery testing
challenges ;)
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summary