Declaration• The following is an unbiased analysis of the events as

they took place in our history.• These are presented without prejudice to any ethnic,

linguistic, religious, cultural or other groups.• The principal objective is to understand the

background and to look into the future and to help chalk out a strategy to prevent more damage to Pakistan.

• The viewer can make his or her own analysis of the events and make his or her own conclusions.

• Any error is regretted and help is requested to correct it.

• The objective is also not to hurt anyone's feelings. Regret is solicited if it does so.

• Unconditional love for Pakistan and respect for its institution is assured.

Brief Historical Background of Bloodshed

in Karachi, Pakistan

BySayyid Mansoob HasanAs on August 29, 2011

The dots will help you draw a picture from past to the future of Karachi

The First Bloodshed

January 4, 1965 Massacre

• On January 2, 1965 Presidential Elections were held in Pakistan.• There were two contestants.• The first contestant was the first Military Dictator and Self-

proclaimed Field Marshal, General Ayub Khan and • The second one was Ms Fatima Jinah, Madir-e-Millat (Mother of

the nation) – the sister of the founder of Pakistan, Quad-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinah.

• Ayub Khan rigged the elections and defeated Ms Fatima Jinah. Elections were declared non-conforming to international standards.

• His son Mr. Gohar Ayub Khan came to Karachi, armed the Pathans, celebrated the win of his father and punished the Mohajirs for voting for Fatima Jinah by staging a massacre.

• This laid the foundation of Pathan Mohajir conflict.

1978Mohajir Movement Starts

• Mr. Altaf Hussain, the then student of University of Karachi, founded APMSO – All Pakistan Mohajir Students Organization.

The Subsequent Bloodsheds

April 15, 1986

• It started with an “Accident” of a girl student “Bushra Zaidi” on April 15, 1986 at Sir Syed Chowrangi, Nazimabad, Karachi.

• The Mini Bus driver was a “Pathan”.• The student was a “Mohajir”.• Mohajir-Pathan riots started.

April 16, 1986

• A bus carrying Mohajir students to the funeral of Bushra Zaidi was attacked by Pathans at Banaras Chowk who also tried to molest Mohajir girls.

• That aggravated the conflict and the movement against Pathans got more momentum.

Attack on Beharis

• Pathans also attacked Beharis starting a Behari-Pathan Riot.

December 12, 1986Operation clean-up against “Bara Market”

• The “Bara Market” was established and run by Pathans and Afghan Mohajirs near Al-Asif Square, Sohrab Goth, Karachi (An area on exit route to Hyderabad city).

• The area was heavily populated by Pathans and Afghan Mohajirs (immigrants).

• Drug, arms and other smuggled goods were available freely.

• Operation was started on December 12, 1986.

Operation Clean up

• It was initiated by the then Governor of Sind General Jehandad Khan (a Pushtoon).

• The Chief Minister was Ghous Ali Shah (a pro Sindhi).

• Indiscriminately most of the Sindhis deem Mohajirs as “Occupiers” of Sind and “Usurpers” of Sind Resources and land especially Karachi.

December 13, 1986

• Several hundred Pathans and Afghan Mohajirs (with the backing of NPP – National Peoples Party) attacked Qasba Colony, Aligharh Colony and Sector 1-D and staged a massacre of Mohajirs.

• More than 400 men, women and children were slaughtered in just a few hours. Many hundred were severely injured. Hundred of houses were burnt.

MQM Rises

• There was no established political party working for the rights of Mohajirs. As Mohajirs never identified them separately from Pakistan.

• Mohajirs were in mainstream politics.• Politically active “Mohajirs” were associated

mostly with Jamat-e-Islami, Muslim League, Pakistan Peoples Party and other religious parties.

• All of these parties failed to address the sufferings and deprivation of the Mohajirs.

MQM Rises• APMSO – All Pakistan Mohajir Students Organization gave

birth to MQM – Mohajir Qaumi Movement in 1984,• By that time both were insignificant organizations having

only a few members. Their corner meetings too had a few participants only.

• No other political or religious party condemned the killings and no one did anything for Mohajirs.

• The “Massacres” provided MQM the stage and opportunity to capitalize on the sufferings and deprivation of Mohajirs.

• The “Massacres” also provided MQM the “Jump Start”.• People flock in to join MQM and APMSO.• MQM became the third largest party in the parliament

after 1988 and subsequent elections.

MQM Rises

• Initially the vagabond, idle, unemployed and the victims found haven in MQM.

• Later educated youth and senior citizens started to join MQM.

• Militancy was thought to be needed for countering the armed attacks on Mohajirs but that militancy was later used for other purposes besides “Pre-emptive Strikes” against enemies of Mohajirs.

• Violence against Mohajirs paved way for violence by Mohajirs.

• And violence becomes the identity of MQM.

MQM becomes more vital

• Then after 1990 MQM Haqiqi was created.• More brutalities were committed against Mohajirs

through armed conflicts between MQM (Altaf) and MQM Haqiqi.

• That made Mohajirs more unsecure and more support fell for MQM (Altaf).

Mr. Altaf Hussain Leaves Pakistan

• In 1992 Mr. Altaf Hussain received attempt on life which made him leave Pakistan for Britain in self Exile.

• He later successfully applied for political asylum and became a citizen of Britain swearing “Oath of Allegiance to Her Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II, her heirs and successors”.

MQM Peaks Popularity

• 1993-96 Major General Naseerullah Babar, the then Federal Interior Minister, initiated crackdown on MQM.

• Apart from the militants of MQM approximately 10,000 young Mohajir boys were killed or kidnapped during that period.

• Criminal negligence of other political and religious parties was observed.

• In 1997 MQM enters mainstream politics and renamed itself from Mohajir Qaumi Movement to Muttahida Qaumi Movement.

• It was regarded as the third largest political party of Pakistan with liberal-secular ideology.

Were all these events accidents or co-incidents or something else?

Let’s look at what happened internationally

The Opium Wars

• Britain wanted to sell opium in China (a vast market) which was resisted by China and wars were mongered by Britain which were then called “The Opium Wars”.

• The First Opium War happened during 1839 and 1842.

• The Second Opium War happened during 1856 and 1860.

• Britain defeated China in both wars.

The Opium Wars

• After the defeat China had to:– Legally allow Britain to sell opium in China– Agree on cessation of Hong Kong to Britain

The Occupation of Hong Kong

• Hong Kong was handed over to Britain first under the Convention of Chuenpee January 20, 1841

• The occupation of Britain was extended through– The Treaty of Nanjing August 29, 1842– The Convention of Beijing October 18, 1860– The “Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong

Territory, 1898 also known as Second Convention of Beijing on July 1, 1898, which also includes New Kowloon, granting a 99 year Lease to Britain which was to end on June 30, 1997.

Hong Kong after Occupation by Britain

• Hong Kong became the “Hub” of all illegal businesses globally and a “Black Market” for many “Products”. These included:– Drugs– Weapons– Money laundering– Smuggling of prohibited goods

The 1984 Declaration of Hong Kong Hand Over

• On December 19, 1984 a declaration was signed by People’s Republic of China and the Kingdom of Britain.

• The declaration stated that China had decided to resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong (including Hong Kong Islands, Kowloon, and the New Territories) with effect from 1 July 1997 and the United Kingdom Government declared that it would restore Hong Kong to the People’s Republic of China with effect from 1 July 1997.

• In that document, the People's Republic of China Government also declared its basic policies regarding Hong Kong.

The Hong Kong Handover to China

• July 1, 1997 Hong Kong was handed over to China.

Before the Hong Kong Handover

• After signing the declaration in 1984 Britain started exploring the “Alternate” of Hong Kong.

• Britain analyzed all the port cities in Asia but no one did fit in except “Karachi”.

• But the infrastructure of Karachi was weak and needed “50 years” to develop to the level of Hong Kong.

Let’s come back to Pakistan

1999 – Military Coup

• October 12, 1999 – Nawaz Sharif’s elected government which enjoyed 2/3 majority was toppled by General Pervez Musharraf.

Local Government System

• General Pervez Musharraf introduced Local Government System on August 14, 2001.

• MQM boycotted first election of local governments• Jamat-e-Islami won first election of local governments,

Mr. Naimutallah Khan was made first Nazim-e-Karachi (the Mayor).

• Special package (over Rs. 22 billion annually) for development of Karachi was approved and funded by international agencies.

• Mr. Nematullah set example of development work at Karachi.

• Jamat-e-Islami made and proved Local Government System a success.

Local Government System

• MQM participated and won 2nd Local Government Elections in 2004.

• Syed Mustafa Kamal was made 2nd Nazim-e-Karachi (the Mayor).

• MQM learned from the work of Mr. Nematullah and Jamat-e-Islami.

• Special Package for development of Karachi continued.

• Unprecedented development took place in Karachi.• Syed Mustafa Kamal declared MQM had done

development work of “50 years” in just a few years.

Governor of MQM

• Dr. Ishrat ul Ibad Khan was made Governor of Sind province on December 27, 2002.

• Despite all the ups and downs in politics (MQM coming in and out of governments) he remained the Governor, maintained a decent public figure and was appreciated by all.

• He became the longest serving Governor of Sind province.

MQM is trained to Govern

• Having Governor of Sind, Interior Ministry and Nazim-e-Karachi (Mayorship) positions with it MQM learned how to govern a city and a province.

• MQM learned to become a true political party by having a civilized face for a long time until May 12, 2007.

The Year 2005Defense Housing Authority’s (DHA)

Facilitation

DHA’s Waterfront Development

• DHA’s started Waterfront Development Project in 2005 (estimated over US$ 1.5 billion) over a stretch of 14 kilometers of land from Sindbad (Old Casino) up to the Golf Course in Clifton Beach.

DHA’s Waterfront Development

• The plan divides the coastline into seven distinct zones (A to G) and envisages high-rise commercial building complexes, hyper marts, food courts, cinema, amusement park, five-star hotel, an underwater world with a Dolphin Park and aquarium, amphitheatre complex with a capacity of 6,000 people and water sports facilities.

• The plan also includes a 600-feet Monumental Tower, with a revolving restaurant and observatory deck.

• Besides this, a Water Park with water sports, rides, swimming zones and a wave island is planned on 11 acres of land.

• The plan also allows for viewers’ deck, parks, a promenade and piazzas but these public access areas seem to make a very small part of the plan.

DHA’s Waterfront Development

• American and Dubai-based companies are involved in the whole enterprise.

• Coastal development is planned to complete by 2015.

Karachi Administration’s Facilitations

Resettlement Plans• Plans have been made to resettle the various markets located in

the surroundings of Merewether Tower, near Native’s Jetty, Karachi.

• These markets will be moved to areas allocated near Northern Bypass.

• City Courts have also been planned to be moved to a new Judicial Complex being built near Northern Bypass, Karachi.

• On December 28, 2009 bomb blast were made in Ashura Juloos (Shia Religious Procession to remember martyrdom of Imam Hussain) at MA Jinah Road near the abovementioned markets.

• About 1,000 shops were burnt by unknown terrorists. Possibly a “Motivating Factor” for “the unwilling” to move the markets to new location.

• City government surprisingly offered alternate shops at the proposed new location, which was rejected by the affected people.

• A vast piece of land will become vacant when the “Resettlement Plan” is complete.

What will they do with that vast vacant piece of

land?

Use of Vacant Land• The vacant piece of land will be adjacent to the

Native’s Jetty which provides a route to deep sea.• Most probable utilization of that vacant piece of

land is a Military/Naval Base of a “Foreign Country”. • An ideal for Multi Ballistic Missile Site like that of

Cuba in South America, which almost triggered a war between USA and USSR.

• This missile site can cover Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq and Saudi Arab on the West ; Russia and China on the North; and India on the East. And the rest of Pakistan in between.

• “Additional facility” of Military Airports will make it more “Effective”.

• That will have tremendous effects on international Diplomacy.

December 27, 2007Assassination of

Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto

PPP Movement Peaks

• A blast occurred in Karachi in front of Ms Benazir Bhutto’s Truck in the rally to celebrate her return to Pakistan on October 18, 2007.

• She escaped the death and PPP gets local and worldwide support and attention.

• On December 27, 2007 in Rawalpindi during a rally while returning from a large public meeting she was assassinated, and “PPP Movement” reached a peak never seen before.

• Public sympathies and sentiments worldwide windfall in favor of PPP.

General Elections 2008 of Pakistan

General Elections 2008

• After completion of infrastructure development in Karachi, on February 18, 2008 General Elections were held in Pakistan in which Pakistan Peoples Party PPP became the ruling party.

• Syed Yousuf Raza Gilani got unprecedented support to become Prime Minister of Pakistan.

• Internationally influenced local political pressure made General Musharraf to resign from the office of the President on August 18, 2008.

President Zardari

• Mr. Altaf Hussain proposed Mr. Asif Ali Zardari to contest for presidency.

• Mr. Zardari became President of Islamic Republic of Pakistan with an unprecedented support by most of the parties.

• An unprecedented support for a person regarded as the most corrupt person in Pakistan.

PPP Government

• PPP government has failed in all the areas of governance rather it has set new standards of bad governance.

• With lawlessness, crimes and corruption rampant everywhere, disrespect of judiciary, murders, killings, kidnapping and lootings. land, bhatta and other mafias were never so flourishing.

• A Corrupt Government which has made Pakistan a “Failed State” enjoying such an unprecedented support in the name of democracy is astonishing.

• The very foundation of Pakistan is now suffering from seepage, water lodging and salinity of crimes, corruption, distinction & discrimination, ethnic, linguistic and other divides.

Current Bloodshed

Current Bloodshed

• Mr. Altaf Hussain suddenly started alarming about Talibinization of Karachi in 2009.

• ANP (Awami National Party) started strengthening in Karachi following the footsteps of NPP and MQM.

• Heavy movement of heavily armed Pathans were noted in Orangi Town and other Pathan dominated areas of Karachi.

• These armed Pathans were labeled as Talibans.• A few Taliban Leaders were also arrested from

Karachi mostly from Pathan dominated areas.

Small Clashes

• Since 2009 small “Trial Clashes” between Mohajirs (MQM) and Pathans (ANP) took place.

• In almost all the clashes Mohajirs suffered the most from killing, kidnapping of men, women and children to rape and looting.

• The tension between Pathans and Mohajirs has never been so high since 1986.

Sindhis Participate in Bloodshed

• Sindhi Nationalists (present in all political parties) found the ideal time to play their part in the current bloodshed and to take control of the city, Karachi.

• The Sindhi and Baloch majority areas and pockets became active and share the blood-shedding especially in Orangi Town, Gulistan-e-Jauhar and Layari.

Division of Sind

• Overnight wall chalking were seen in Karachi for a Mohajir Province. MQM disowned the wall chalking.

• Sindhi Nationalists found more reasons to be active in the battlefield.

• Ruling PPP all of a sudden made demand for Saraiki Province which sparked debate on new provinces on linguistic and ethnic basis.

• Foreseeing the apparent distribution of Sind the Sindhi Nationalists went berserk and Karachi saw more bloodshed and destruction.

August 28, 2011Dr. Zulfiqar Mirza

Dr. Zulfiqar Mirza• He has been outspoken against Mohajirs (Urdu Speaking)

and MQM. His speeches and statements have resulted in bloodshed.

• On August 28, 2011 he again made some bold statements and claims by swearing on oath of Holy Quran.

• Before that he resigned from the government and party positions which made him “free to SAY and DO what he wanted”.

• The bold statements and claims against MQM and USA of conspiring to break Pakistan and killing of Pathans have caused hurricanes in Pakistani politics.

• He has started a “Personal Struggle” against the culprits i.e. Mohajirs/MQM.

• He has also opined that killing 10,000 or so people would not matter to “Make Peace in Karachi”.

• PPP has disowned the statements and claims of Dr Zulfiqar Mirza as his personal. He too has declared them to be personal.

MQM is waiting for what?

Behavior of MQM

• MQM surprisingly keeps low profile, despite its “Capacity”, in the game of death and keeps counting dead bodies of Mohajirs.

• It seems it is waiting for the killings or massacre or slaughter and molesting to reach to a level where it can be declared a “Genocide of Mohajirs”.

• That will help Mr. Altaf Hussain to approach the United Nations.

What will the UN do?

The UN and Eastern Timor

• The UN has a precedence of Eastern Timor, once part of Indonesia.

• International political players staged clashes and killings which led to a UN supervised referendum for freedom.

• The referendum favored Eastern Timor’s freedom from Indonesia.

• The Security Council decided to “Free” Eastern Timor and ordered Australian Navy to reach Indonesian waters, and Eastern Timor was free.

MQM and the UN

• When the killings and destruction in Karachi will reach the level of “Genocide”, MQM may approach the UN to follow the Eastern Timor Model.

Conclusion• International drug and arms dealers; smugglers and

other “Similar Business Persons” needed an “Alternate” of Hong Kong to continue their business.

• They selected Karachi but they needed independence like that of Hong Kong.

• For independence of Karachi they needed a “Reason”.• The personal struggle of Dr Zulfiqar Mirza in company

with the Sindhi Nationalists simultaneously with the support of ANP may result in the massacre of Mohajirs.

• That massacre can be labeled as “Genocide of Mohajirs”.

• Genocide of Mohajirs can be the “Reason”.• And Karachi can become an “independent”, “secular”

and “free” territory governed under supervision of the UN.

Chronology of events

• 1898 – Britain gets 100 year lease of Hong Kong from China (ending in 1997)

• 1965 – First bloodshed in Karachi was staged by Gohar Ayub Khan s/o Gen. Auyb Khan

• 1984 – Britain and China signed declaration to handover Hong Kong to China

• 1984 – MQM took birth out of APMSO• 1986 – Bushra Zaidi case triggered Mohajir-Pathan and Behari-

Pathan riots• 1986 – Operation Clean up resulted in Massacre in Mohajir

areas by Pathans and Afghans• 1992 – Mr. Altaf Hussain moved to Britain under Self-Exile• 1993-96 – Crackdown on MQM and killings of over 10,000

young Mohajirs• 1997 – Hong Kong was Handed over to China• 1999 – Mr. Nawaz Sharif government was toppled by General

Pervez Musharraf

Chronology of events (Cont..)

• 2001 – Local Government System was introduced by President General Pervez Musharraf

• 2002 – MQM got Governorship in Sind• 2004-7 – MQM got Nizamat (Mayorship) in Karachi• 2005 – DHA initiated Waterfront Development to be complete

by 2015• 2007 – Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto was assassinated• 2008 – Elections were held in Pakistan, PPP became the ruling

party• 2008 – General Musharraf resigned from the post of President• 2008 – Mr. Asif Ali Zardari became President of Pakistan• 2009 – Mr. Altaf Hussain warned of Talibanization of Karachi• 2009-11 – Clashes between Mohajirs and Pathans, Mohajirs

and Sindhis, Mohajirs and Baloch• 2011 – Demand of Mohajir Province enraged Sindhi

Nationalists and more bloodshed in Karachi• 2011 – Dr. Zulfiqar Mirza starts Personal Struggle to make

Peace in Karachi.• 2013 – Expected General Elections• 2015 – Expected completion of DHA Waterfront Project