breeding and genetics for improved productivity and resilience - claire domoney, john innes center,...
TRANSCRIPT
A 10-YEAR RESEARCH STRATEGYFOR PULSE CROPS
CHAPTER 1: BREEDING & GENETICS FOR IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY & RESILIENCE
FAO, Rome22-23 November, [email protected]
Genetics to underpin breeding• Yield, resilience & other agricultural
production objectives• End uses………… exploiting synergies
Franke et al (2016)
Genetics to underpin breeding• End uses
- Nutrition- Processing & cooking preferences- On-farm use
Nature Rev Neurosci 14: 551-564
Normal villi
Villi in coeliac disease
Yield vs quality: increasing delivery of high quality nutrition per hectare
Beta-oxalylamino-L-alanine
Genetics to underpin breeding• End uses
- Nutrition- Processing & cooking preferences- On-farm use
Weed suppression
Standing ability
Mihailović et al. (2016) Legume Perspectives 13
Intercropping
Genetics to underpin breeding………… exploiting synergies
Cool seasonW
arm season
Adapted from Lavin et al (2005) Syst Biol 54: 575–594 by Foyer et al (2016) Nature Plants
• Conserving & using genetic resources• Using sequence data in breeding
programmes• Crop modelling & foresight1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1U 2.1 2.2 U 3
Understanding germplasm & mutant resources- Novel mutant alleles of genes: fundamental & breeding
TTCGCCGCAAA--------------GTTTTGA
Sampson & Weiss (2013) Bioessays 36:34-38Lawrenson et al. (2015) Genome Biol. 16:258
- MAS/ SNP platforms/ KASPar assays- CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing (speed breed)
• Targeted mutagenesis• Gene insertion or replacement• Ease of design, flexible, affordable
& efficient
Non-homologous end joining
Homology-directed repair
• Conserving & using genetic resources• Using sequence data in breeding
programmes• Crop modelling & foresight
• Conserving & using genetic resources• Using sequence data in breeding
programmes• Crop modelling & foresight
Yield: integration of many traits• measure traits affecting yield in many agro-ecological
scenariosGhanem et al (2015) Agric Syst 137: 24–38
Probability of grain yield increase of simulating different sowing day-of-year (A) 201, (B) 229, (C) 243, and (D) 264 as compared to a sowing day of 152
• Crop modelling & foresight
Diamond (2002) Nature 418: 700-707
Centres of pulse domestication
Implementing coherent breeding & genetics programmes to deliver productivity
Data from FAO (www.faostat.fao.org) & Foyer et al (2016) Nature Plants
GL species/category
severe drought risk normal low drought risk
Implementing coherent breeding & genetics programmes to deliver resilience
Dai (2013) Nature Climate Change 3: 52-58