breed composition of dhia herds€¦ · •breed –animals’ recorded breed code (mandatory sire...
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Changes occurring in the breed composition of U.S. dairy herds
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Joint Interbull ADSA Meeting - Cincinnati, OH June 23rd , 2019
Fiona Guinan, H. Duane Norman and João Dürr [email protected]
• Pedigree based breed composition of Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) herds investigated from 1990-2018
• Breed – Animals’ recorded breed code (mandatory Sire ID)
• Crossbred – Animals’ breed code assigned as ‘XX’ or ‘XD’
• Year – Calving year
• Breed – AY, BS, GU, HO, JE, MS, XX-XD
• All remaining breeds
Breed Composition of U.S. Dairy Herds
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 2
Number of DHI Herds
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
451
99
0
19
94
19
98
20
02
20
06
20
10
20
14
20
18
He
rds
(Th
ou
san
ds)
Calving Year
No. of Herds
Number of DHI Cows with Sire ID
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 4
0
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
41
99
0
19
94
19
98
20
02
20
06
20
10
20
14
20
18
Co
ws
(M
illio
ns)
Calving Year
No. of Cows
Breed Composition of DHI Herds by Year(Scale 6.0)
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 5
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.01
99
0
19
94
19
98
20
02
20
06
20
10
20
14
20
18
Pe
rce
nta
ge o
f H
erd
s(%
)
Calving Year
Ayrshire
≥ 1 Cow 10% 25% 50% 75% 90%
Breed Composition of DHI Herds by Year(Scale 6.0)
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 6
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.01
99
0
19
94
19
98
20
02
20
06
20
10
20
14
20
18
Pe
rce
nta
ge o
f H
erd
s(%
)
Calving Year
Guernsey
≥ 1 Cow 10% 25% 50% 75% 90%
Breed Composition of DHI Herds by Year(Scale 6.0)
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 7
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.01
99
0
19
94
19
98
20
02
20
06
20
10
20
14
20
18
Pe
rce
nta
ge o
f H
erd
s(%
)
Calving Year
Milking Shorthorn
≥ 1 Cow 10% 25% 50% 75% 90%
Breed Composition of DHI Herds by Year(Scale 13.0)
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 8
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.01
99
0
19
94
19
98
20
02
20
06
20
10
20
14
20
18
Pe
rce
nta
ge o
f H
erd
s(%
)
Calving Year
Brown Swiss
≥ 1 Cow 10% 25% 50% 75% 90%
Scale 13Breed Composition of DHI Herds by Year(Scale 13.0)
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 9
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.01
99
0
19
94
19
98
20
02
20
06
20
10
20
14
20
18
Pe
rce
nta
ge o
f H
erd
s(%
)
Calving Year
All Other Breeds
≥ 1 Cow 10% 25% 50% 75% 90%
Breed Composition of DHI Herds by Year(Scale 37.0)
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 10
60.0
65.0
70.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
90.0
95.0
60.0
65.0
70.0
75.0
80.0
85.0
90.0
95.01
99
0
19
94
19
98
20
02
20
06
20
10
20
14
20
18
Pe
rce
nta
ge o
f H
erd
s
(%)
Calving Year
Holstein
≥ 1 Cow 10% 25% 50% 75% 90%
Breed Composition of DHI Herds by Year(Scale 37.0)
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019,11
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.01
99
0
19
94
19
98
20
02
20
06
20
10
20
14
20
18
Pe
rce
nta
ge o
f H
erd
s(%
)
Calving Year
Jersey
≥ 1 Cow 10% 25% 50% 75% 90%
Breed Composition of DHI Herds by Year(Scale 37.0)
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 12
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.01
99
0
19
94
19
98
20
02
20
06
20
10
20
14
20
18
Pe
rce
nta
ge o
f H
erd
s(%
)
Calving Year
Crossbred
≥ 1 Cow 10% 25% 50% 75% 90%
Breed Composition of DHI Herds
≥ 75% Threshold
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
19
90
19
95
20
00
20
05
20
10
20
15
No
. of
He
rds
Calving Year
≥ 75% Holstein
Holstein
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
19
90
19
95
20
00
20
05
20
10
20
15
No
. of
He
rds
Calving Year
≥ 75% Jersey
Jersey
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
50
100
150
200
250
19
90
19
94
19
98
20
02
20
06
20
10
20
14
20
18
No
. of
He
rds
Calving Year
≥ 75% Crossbred
Crossbred
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 13
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 14
Breed Composition of DHI Cows
All DHI CowsHolsteins & Jerseys
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 15
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.01
99
0
19
94
19
98
20
02
20
06
20
10
20
14
20
18
Pe
rce
nta
ge o
f A
nim
als
(%)
Calving Year
Breed Composition Holstein & Jersey (%)
Holstein Jersey
All DHI Cows of Other Breeds
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 16
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.01
99
0
19
94
19
98
20
02
20
06
20
10
20
14
20
18
Pe
rce
nta
ge o
f A
nim
als
(%)
Calving Year
Breed Composition (Excluding Holstein & Jersey) (%)
Ayrshire Brown Swiss Guernsey Milking Shorthorn Norwegian Red Red & White Crossbred
UNRECORDED Sires & Dams of All Cows
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 17
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
19
90
19
94
19
98
20
02
20
06
20
10
20
14
20
18
Pe
rce
nta
ge o
f A
nim
als
(%)
Calving Year
Unknown Sires & Dams of All Cows (%)
UNRECORDED SIRES % UNRECORDED DAMS %
Unrecorded Sires & Dams of Individual Breedsin 2018
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Ayrshire BrownSwiss
Guernsey Holstein Jersey MilkingShorthorn
NorwegianRed
Red &White
Crossbred
Un
reco
rde
d P
are
nts
(%
)
Breed (Cow)
Unrecorded Parents in 2018
UNRECORDED SIRES % UNRECORDED DAMS %
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 18
• Investigated the parents of each breed
• Graphed parents (≥0.1%) in 2018
• Interesting results for Norwegian Red and Red & White
• Crossbred discussed in next section
Individual Breeds Sires & Dams
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 19
Parents with same breed as progeny in 2018
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
Ayshire BrownSwiss
Guernsey Holstein Jersey MilkingShorthorn
NorwegianRed
Red &White
Crossbred
Sire
& D
am o
f Sa
me
Bre
ed
(%
)
Breed (Progeny)
% of Sires and Dams of the same breed as progeny in 2018
SIRES % DAMS %
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 20
Dam Composition of Norwegian Reds’2018
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 21
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
Holstein Jersey Norwegian Red All Other Breeds
Sire
& D
am o
f Sa
m B
ree
d(%
)
Breed (Cow)
Dam Composition of Norwegian Reds' in 2018
DAMS
Sire Composition of Red & Whites’2018
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 22
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
Holstein Red & White All Other Breeds
Sire
& D
am o
f Sa
me
Bre
ed
(%)
Breed (Cow)
Sire Composition of Red & Whites' in 2018
SIRES
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 23
Crossbred -5.2% of
Population
Crossbred Summary
Crossbred Cows
5.2% of Population
Sires
1. Holstein 51.3%
2. Jersey 33.6%
3. Montbeliarde 3.9%
Dams
1. Crossbred 54.6%
2. Holstein 25.8%
3. Jersey 18.0%
Maternal Grand Sires
1. Holstein 57.7%
2. Jersey 25.6%
3. Montbeliarde 4.8%
Maternal Grand Dams
1. Crossbred 60.6%
2. Holstein 34.1%
3. Jersey 2.7%
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 24
Maternal Grand Sires & Dams of Crossbreds
Sires & Dams of Crossbreds
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
20
11
20
14
20
17
% o
f A
nim
als
Calving Year
Unrecorded (%)
UNRECORDED SIRES % UNRECORDED DAMS %
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 25
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
20
11
20
14
20
17
% o
f A
nim
als
Calving Year
Unrecorded (%)
UNRECORDED MATERNAL GRAND SIRES %
UNRECORDED MATERNAL GRAND DAMS %
Maternal Grand Sires of Crossbreds
Sires of Crossbreds
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 26
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
20
11
20
14
20
17
% o
f A
nim
als
Calving Year
Sires (%)
Holstein Sires Jersey Sires
Montbeliarde Sires All Other Sires
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
20
11
20
14
20
17
% o
f A
nim
als
Calving Year
Maternal Grand Sires (%)
Holstein Grand Sires Jersey Grand Sires
Monbeliarde Grand Sires All Other Grand Sires
Maternal Grand Dams of Crossbreds
Dams of Crossbreds
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019, 27
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
20
11
20
14
20
17
% o
f A
nim
als
Calving Year
Dams (%)
Holstein Dams Jersey Dams
Crossbred Dams All Other Dams
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
19
90
19
93
19
96
19
99
20
02
20
05
20
08
20
11
20
14
20
17
% o
f A
nim
als
Calving Year
Maternal Grand Dams (%)
Holstein Grand Dams Jersey Grand Dams
Crossbred Grand Dams All Other Grand Dams
•Participating dairy producers for supplying pedigree and lactation data •Dairy Herd Improvement organizations (DHIs) and
Dairy Records Processing Centers (DRPCs) for processing and relaying the information to the Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding (CDCB)•Purebred breed associations for providing pedigree
data
Acknowledgements
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019,28
• https://hoards.com/article-2041-what-breeds-make-up-the-national-herd.html (Crossbred cow for Hoards)
• https://www.flickr.com/photos/l_iam/4706853263 (Ayrshire cow)
• https://www.worldguernseys.com/the-current-position-of-the-guernsey-breed (Guernsey cows)
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_Shorthorn#/media/File:Milking_shorthorns.JPG (Milking Shorthorn cows)
• https://culturecheesemag.com/farm-animal/brown-swiss-cows (Brown Swiss cows)
• https://www.wideopenpets.com/everything-need-know-holstein-cow/ (Holstein cow)
• https://www.progressivedairy.com/topics/people/prigel-family-creamery-plays-african-serengeti (Jersey cows)
• https://metro.co.uk/2009/12/09/holy-cow-calf-born-with-divine-sign-on-head-623427/ (Crossbred calf)
• https://www.askideas.com/cow-closeup-face-funny-picture/ (Funny cow)
Acknowledgements
Interbull Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, OH, June 22-24 2019,29
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
QUESTIONS?