EMERGENCY INTERVENTION

An Imperfect OfferingThe need for improved interventions in water and sanitation aid

Kevin RumseyIWRM, Department of Bioresource EngineeringApril 14, 2016

Outline

IntroductionStatisticsObjectives of WASH InterventionsTop 10 mistakes of InterventionsRecommendations Conclusion

Last 20 years - 6900 natural disasters, with ~ 2 million deaths, ~ 500 million people impacted.

Source: Global Disaster Statistics (2015)

Kevin Rumsey (KR) -

Source: UN, 2011 GLAAS ESA survey; OECD (2012)

Source: UN, 2011 GLAAS ESA survey; OECD (2012)

Objectives of WASH Intervention:15 l/DAY/personDRINKING, bathing, cooking and cleaningensure vector control, solid waste disposal and drainage

Provide culturally appropriate containers and supplies

Provide safe supply of water Prevent the spread of excretaPromote hygiene behavior practices

Within 1 week - infectious disease outbreaks

Within 3 weeks an epidemic

Source: Center for Disease Control (2016)

less than 5 % of all WASH interventions are revisited after completed and less than 1% are monitored over the long term

Source: Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP, 2012)

Top 10 Mistakes in WASH interventions1

2

3

Top 10 Mistakes4

5Greater focus on access to water only

6Women are not empowered in decision-making

Top 10 Mistakes7

8Short-term durations of only one year, if lucky

9

Top 10 Mistakes

10

Recommendations:

#1Improved Water Governance decision-making and engagement

Recommendations:

More comprehensive & integrated needs assessments

BOTTOM UP approach with community leaders & women to design interventions.

More focus on sanitation coverage & hygiene promotion are essential.

Recommendations:

Empower women and include them as decision-makers.

Increased capacity-building of beneficiaries: mechanics, caretakers, committees.

Increased monitoring, evaluations & research of projects.

Recommendations:

Longer duration of support by NGOs, govt.

Avoid military (if possible) to gain the trust of the beneficiaries.

Preparation training for disasters at local & regional levels

Conclusion:

We cant solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them.

Albert Einstein

Questions

References: Sphere Project. (2016). Applying humanitarian principles and standards. Retrieved April 2, 2016 from http://www.sphereproject.org/news/applying-humanitarian-principles-and-standards-in-real-life/waterThe Water Project. (2014). Statistics of the Water Crisis 2014. Retrieved April 2, 2016 from https://thewaterproject.org/water_statsUnited Nations. (2015). Preventing and controlling infectious diseases after natural disasters. Retrieved April 2, 2016 fromhttp://unu.edu/publications/articles/preventing-and-controlling-infectious-diseases-after-natural-disasters.html#info

UN Water. (2014). Updates report of the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP). Retrieved April 2, 2016 from http://www.unwater.org/publications/jmp/en/United Nation. (2012). UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment 2012. New York: WHO library cataloging-in-publication data. Retrieved April 1, 2016 from http://www,unorg/waterforlifedecade/pdf/glasa_report_eng.World Disaster Report. (2012). State of Global Disaster 2012, A primer. Retrieved April 1, 2016 from http://worlddisastersreport.org/en/data/index.htmlWHO. (2015). Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions and the prevention of diarrhoea. Retrieved April 2, 2016 from http://www.who.int/elena/titles/bbc/wsh_diarrhoea/en/