Breast cancer Breast cancer And self breast exams And self breast exams

Yamilena NortonYamilena NortonEleanor PalacpacEleanor Palacpac

Jenna RobbinsJenna RobbinsAngie SterwaldAngie Sterwald

Breast Cancer Breast Cancer

What is breast cancer?What is breast cancer?

• Breast cancer is a malignant Breast cancer is a malignant (cancerous) tumor that starts from (cancerous) tumor that starts from cells of the breast. cells of the breast.

Tumor sizes:Tumor sizes:

3 spheres measuring 1 cm, 3cm, 5cm 3 spheres measuring 1 cm, 3cm, 5cm

Stage 0Stage 0

• This stage is used to describe non-This stage is used to describe non-invasive breast cancer. There is no invasive breast cancer. There is no evidence of cancer cells breaking out evidence of cancer cells breaking out of the part of the breast in which it of the part of the breast in which it started, or of getting through to or started, or of getting through to or invading neighboring normal tissue. invading neighboring normal tissue.

Stage I Stage I

• This stage describes invasive breast This stage describes invasive breast cancer (cancer cells are breaking cancer (cancer cells are breaking through to or invading neighboring through to or invading neighboring normal tissue) in whichnormal tissue) in which

• The tumor measures up to two The tumor measures up to two centimeters, AND centimeters, AND

• No lymph nodes are involvedNo lymph nodes are involved

Stage IIStage II

• The tumor measures at least two The tumor measures at least two centimeters, but not more than five centimeters, but not more than five centimeters, OR centimeters, OR

• Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes under the arm on the same side as the under the arm on the same side as the breast cancer. Affected lymph nodes have breast cancer. Affected lymph nodes have not yet stuck to one another or to the not yet stuck to one another or to the surrounding tissues, a sign that the cancer surrounding tissues, a sign that the cancer has not yet advanced to stage III. The tumor has not yet advanced to stage III. The tumor in the breast can be any size. in the breast can be any size.

Stage IIIA Stage IIIA

• Stage IIIA describes invasive breast Stage IIIA describes invasive breast cancer in which:cancer in which:

• the tumor measures larger than five the tumor measures larger than five centimeters, OR centimeters, OR

• there is significant involvement of there is significant involvement of lymph nodes. The nodes clump lymph nodes. The nodes clump together or stick to one another or together or stick to one another or surrounding tissue.surrounding tissue.

Stage IIIBStage IIIB

• A tumor of any size has spread to the breast A tumor of any size has spread to the breast skin, chest wall, or internal mammary lymph skin, chest wall, or internal mammary lymph nodes (located beneath the breast right nodes (located beneath the breast right under the ribs, inside the middle of the under the ribs, inside the middle of the chest).chest).

• This stage includes inflammatory breast This stage includes inflammatory breast cancer, a very uncommon but very serious, cancer, a very uncommon but very serious, aggressive type of breast cancer. The most aggressive type of breast cancer. The most distinguishing feature of inflammatory breast distinguishing feature of inflammatory breast cancer is redness involving part or all of the cancer is redness involving part or all of the breast. It looks like the peel of a navel breast. It looks like the peel of a navel orange , or even ridges, welts, or hives. orange , or even ridges, welts, or hives.

Inflammatory Breast CancerInflammatory Breast Cancer

Known as peau de orange,Known as peau de orange,

inflammatory cancer is often inflammatory cancer is often misdiagnosed as a simple cellulitis.misdiagnosed as a simple cellulitis.

• Note the aggressive progression of Note the aggressive progression of inflammatory breast cancerinflammatory breast cancer

Stage IVStage IV

This stage includes invasive breast cancer in This stage includes invasive breast cancer in whichwhich

• a tumor has spread beyond the breast, a tumor has spread beyond the breast, underarm, and internal mammary lymph underarm, and internal mammary lymph nodes, and nodes, and

• a tumor may have spread to the a tumor may have spread to the supraclavicular lymph nodes (nodes supraclavicular lymph nodes (nodes located at the base of the neck, above the located at the base of the neck, above the collarbone), lungs, liver, bone, or brain.collarbone), lungs, liver, bone, or brain.

Statistics in WomenStatistics in Women

• Breast cancer is the most common cancer Breast cancer is the most common cancer among American women, except for skin among American women, except for skin cancers. The chance of developing invasive cancers. The chance of developing invasive breast cancer at some time in a woman's breast cancer at some time in a woman's life is about 1 in 8 (12%). life is about 1 in 8 (12%).

• It is estimated that in 2008 about 182,460 It is estimated that in 2008 about 182,460 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed among women in the United diagnosed among women in the United States. Women living in North America have States. Women living in North America have the highest rate of breast cancer in the the highest rate of breast cancer in the world. At this time there are about 2.5 world. At this time there are about 2.5 million breast cancer survivors in the million breast cancer survivors in the United States. United States.

Statistics in MenStatistics in Men

• The American Cancer Society estimates that in The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2008 some 1,990 new cases of invasive breast 2008 some 1,990 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed among men in the United cancer will be diagnosed among men in the United States. Breast cancer is about 100 times less States. Breast cancer is about 100 times less common among men than among women. For men, common among men than among women. For men, the lifetime risk of getting breast cancer is about the lifetime risk of getting breast cancer is about 1/10th of 1% (1 in 1,000). The number of breast 1/10th of 1% (1 in 1,000). The number of breast cancer cases in men relative to the population has cancer cases in men relative to the population has been fairly stable over the last 30 years. In 2008, been fairly stable over the last 30 years. In 2008, about 450 men will die from breast cancer in the about 450 men will die from breast cancer in the United States. Breast cancer accounts for less than United States. Breast cancer accounts for less than half of 1% of cancer deaths among men. half of 1% of cancer deaths among men.

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StatisticsStatistics

• The prognosis (outlook) for men with breast The prognosis (outlook) for men with breast cancer was once thought to be worse than cancer was once thought to be worse than that for women, but recent studies have not that for women, but recent studies have not found this to be true. Based on looking at found this to be true. Based on looking at each stage, the survival rates are about each stage, the survival rates are about equal. In other words, men and women with equal. In other words, men and women with the same stage of breast cancer have a the same stage of breast cancer have a similar outlook for survival.similar outlook for survival.

• Meaning men also need to do breast exams .Meaning men also need to do breast exams .

ScreeningScreening• Mammogram.Mammogram. A mammogram is an A mammogram is an

X-ray of the breast. Mammograms X-ray of the breast. Mammograms are the best method to detect breast are the best method to detect breast cancer early when it is easier to treat cancer early when it is easier to treat and before it is big enough to feel or and before it is big enough to feel or cause symptoms. cause symptoms.

ScreeningScreening

• Clinical breast exam.Clinical breast exam. A clinical A clinical breast exam is an examination by a breast exam is an examination by a doctor or nurse, who uses his or her doctor or nurse, who uses his or her hands to feel for lumps or other hands to feel for lumps or other changes changes

Our educational screening Our educational screening today will focus on the Breast today will focus on the Breast self-exam.self-exam.• A breast self-exam is when you A breast self-exam is when you

check your own breasts for lumps, check your own breasts for lumps, changes in size or shape of the changes in size or shape of the breast, or any other changes in the breast, or any other changes in the breasts or underarm (armpit). breasts or underarm (armpit).

ReferencesReferences

• http://www.breastcare.com/bcc/http://www.breastcare.com/bcc/research/inflammatory.aspresearch/inflammatory.asp

• http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/breast-cancer/DS00328breast-cancer/DS00328

• Klossner, J., & Hatfield, N. (2006). Klossner, J., & Hatfield, N. (2006). Introductory Maternity & Pediatric Introductory Maternity & Pediatric NursingNursing. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott . Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Williams & Wilkins.