breast anatomy
DESCRIPTION
Breast anatomy. What area does the base of the breast cover?. Extends from lateral border of sternum to midaxillary line From 2 nd to 6 th ribs Small part may extend towards the axilla – the axillary tail. What two muscles does the breast overly?. Pectoralis major Serratus anterior. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Breast anatomy
What area does the base of the breast cover?
• Extends from lateral border of sternum to midaxillary line
• From 2nd to 6th ribs• Small part may extend towards the axilla – the
axillary tail
What two muscles does the breast overly?
• Pectoralis major• Serratus anterior
What separates the breast from the underlying muscle?
• Retromammary space• A potential space filled with loose connective
tissue
How is the breast attached to the skin that overlies it?
• Suspensory ligaments of Cooper• Helps support the lobules of the breast
On what line does the nipple lie?
• Mammary ridge/milk line• From the anterior axillary fold to the groin• Supernumerary nipples can be occur along
this line• Also axillary breasts
How is the breast divided for descriptive purposes?
• Quadrants
What glands are found on the areola?
• Sebaceous (Montgomery) glands
• Secrete oily substance following pregnancy
• Oily substance protects the nipple from irritation
How many lobules are in the breast? How are they separated?
• 15-20 lobules of glandular tissue• Separated by suspensory ligaments of Cooper
Describe the drainage of milk from a lobule?
• Each lobule drains into a lactiferous duct• Each lactiferous duct opens on the nipple
What arteries supply the breast?
• Medial mammary – From internal thoracic (mammary)/anterior intercostal
• Lateral mammary – From lateral thoracic artery & posterior intercostals
What is the nerve supply to the breast?
• T4-6 intercostal nerves
What different areas do the lymphatics of the breast drain to?
Auxiliary nodes
Parasternal nodes
Contralateral parasternal nodes
Contralateral breastSubdiaphragmatic/hepatic nodes
Inguinal lymph nodes (rare)
Interpectoral (rotter’s) nodes
What changes does the breast go through during pregnancy? (6)
• Lengthening and branching of ducts• Development of secretory alveoli• Vascularity increases• Nipples enlarge• Areola becomes more prominent• Lobular structure more prominent
What effect do progesterone and oestrogen have on breast tissue?
• Progesterone – lobular development (growth)• Oestrogen – ductal growth• Combined – suppress lactation
Benefits of breast feeding• Bonding• Infection• Cheap• Convenient• Sterile
Who should not breast feed
• Alcohol misuse• Certain drugs-methotrexate, cyclosporine,
lithium• Active TB• HIV• Breast Cancer Rx• Infant with galactosemia
Difficulties with Breast feeding• 2/3 of women have some problem• Cracked nipple• Mastitis• S. Aureus• Preemie• Need advice and support