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Brazil and Korea on Green GrowthElements for a cooperation agenda based on science, technology and innovation.
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About Brazil
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Country Overview
• The largest economy in South America
and the 10th largest in the world;
• 5th largest country in the world in area;
• 192 million inhabitants (5th after China,
India, USA and Indonesia);
• Brazil has since 1985 a stable
democratic government;
• 10,000 Ph.D. graduate every year;
• Rank 13th in scientific publications…
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Country Overview
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Country Overview
4,288km
4,200km
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2/3 OF BIODIVERSITY CONCENTRATED IN
THE TROPICS
Country Overview
A Mega-diverse Country
Barthlott, W., Biedinger, N., Braun, G., Feig, F., Kier, G. & J. Mutke (1999): Terminological and methodological aspects of the mapping and analysis of global biodiversity. In: Acta Botanica Fennica 162: 103-110.
37% IN TROPICAL AMERICA
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Country Overview
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Brazil – The Natural Knowledge Economy
The Economist - Nov. 14-20, 2009
“A country with the world’s largest
freshwater supplies, the largest tropical
forests, fertile land that in some places
allows up to three harvests a year, and
huge mineral and hydrocarbon wealth.”
The Atlas of Ideas – Demos Institute, 2008
“It is helpful to think of Brazil as a ‘natural
knowledge-economy’… its innovation
system is in large part built upon its natural
and environmental resources, endowments
and assets.”
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Facing New Challenges
Decoupling Development and GHG Emissions
Fonte: OECD, 2009; Lomborg, 2010.
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Facing New Challenges
Source: Foresight for Smart Globalization: Accelerating & Enhancing Pro-Poor Development OpportunitiesThe Rockefeller Foundation – October 2009
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Global Change – Challenges to Brazil
Brazilian GHG Emissions
Source: MCT (2009).
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Global Change – Challenges to Brazil
Brazilian GHG Emissions
Source: MCT (2009).
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Global Change – Mitigation Plan
Source: MCT (2009).
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Green Growth Brazil - Agriculture
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Green Growth Brazil - Agriculture
Agricultural production started primarily in the Southern region and, later on, expanded to
other areas towards the middle-west of the country.
High levels of productivity as a result of investments in tropical technology allow coexistence
of expansion of food and energy production, along with environmental protection.
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Green Growth Brazil - Agriculture
Increase in grain production over the last 20 years has been a result of high levels of
productivity. Grain volume has increased by 2.5 in the period, while the harvested area
has grown less than 30%. Productivity in the area, therefore, doubled, thus avoiding
expansion to sensitive biomes.
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Green Growth Brazil - Agriculture
Brazil plays a leading role as a global supplier of agricultural products, exporting for
more than 180 markets.
Diversifi ed product range helps enhance food security for the world.
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Green Growth Brazil - Agriculture
Roughly 70% of the Brazilian agricultural production aims the national market. Domestic
demand ensures critical mass for market predictability, enabling expansion planning.
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Agriculture in Brazil – Food, Feed, Fiber and Fuel
83,70%
80,00%
100,00%
Brazilian vs World Energy Matrix
RenewableRenewable
NonNon RenewableRenewable
Green Growth Brazil - Agriculture
Brazil World
53,70%
46,30%
13,30%
0,00%
20,00%
40,00%
60,00%
80,00%
1 2
Source: MME, 2008
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Green Growth Brazil - Energy
Brazilian vs World Energy Matrix
World Energy MatrixWorld Energy Matrix BrazilianEnergy MatrixBrazilianEnergy Matrix
HYDROELECTRIC14,70%
BIOMASS 31,60%
NUCLEAR1,40%
NATURAL GAS
9,30%
MINERAL COAL6,20%
PETROLEUM36,70%
Source: IEA, 2008.Source: EPE, 2008.
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Green Growth Brazil - Energy
HYDROELECTRIC14,70%
PETROLEUM36,70%
Brazilian Energy Matrix (% Composition)
FirewoodFirewood & & CharcoalCharcoal
12,5%12,5%
Source: EPE, 2008.
BIOMASS 31,60%
NUCLEAR1,40%
NATURAL GAS9,30%
MINERAL COAL6,20%
36,70%
Sugarcane surpassed hydroelectric power in the Brazilian energy matrix. Everything
indicates that sugarcane will have growing importance in the country´s energy matrix.
SugarcaneSugarcane derivativesderivatives
16,0%16,0%
OthersOthers
3,1%3,1%
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Green Growth Brazil - Energy
More than 95% of light cars sold in Brazil are Flex-Fuel
Sugarcane Etanol as Energy Source in Brazil
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Green Growth Brazil - Energy
Changes in Ethanol and Gasoline use in Brazil
`Gasoline is Becoming the Alternative Fuel in Brazil`
Source: ANP, 2009 and Brito Cruz, 2009
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Sugarcane Bagasse as Energy Source in Brazil
Green Growth Brazil - Energy
Mills and distilleries also generate electric and mechanical power, most of it for self consumption. That is
equivalent to 3% of the electric power consumed in the Brazil.
For every additional 100 million tons of sugar-cane, 12.6 million tons of CO2
equivalent worth of emissions could be avoided usingethanol, the bagasse and the additional electric power surplus.
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Green Growth Brazil - Energy
Other sustainable energy
sources - Biodiesel
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Green Growth Brazil – Land Use
Since 2006, private representatives of the soybean segment declared “moratorium“ tothe soybean produced in the Amazon Biome - a comprehensive commitment prohibitingto buy or sell the product of such region. Satellite monitoring controls the origin of the
product and ensures the rain Forest protection.
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Green Growth Brazil – Land Use
Brazil increases environmental preservation measures with sugarcane zoning proposal
New bill based on a zoning plan developed by Embrapa establishes that
areas for cultivation of sugarcane may reach a maximum of 64 million
hectares.
http://www.cnps.embrapa.br/zoneamento_cana_de_acucar/ZonCana.pdf
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Green Growth Brazil – Land Use
Coupled with the areas not
suitable for sugarcane
farming, the Bill will effectively
Brazil increases environmental preservation measures with
sugarcane zoning legislation
farming, the Bill will effectively
make 92.5% of Brazil’s national
territory off-limits for sugarcane
farming and processing, thus
suppressing expansion into
sensitive biomes.
http://www.cnps.embrapa.br/zoneamento_cana_de_acucar/ZonCana.pdf
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Green Growth Brazil – New Industry Paradigms
“Green Cars”
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Green Growth Brazil – New Industry Paradigms
“Biological Nitrogen Fixation”
Crop Innoculated with bacterium Bradyrhizobium
Without Bradyrhizobium
Avoids use of
nitrogen fertilizers
Anual economy:
~ US$ 5 billion
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Green Growth Brazil – New Industry Paradigms
http://www.braskem.com.br/site/portal_braskem/en/sala_de_imprensa/sala_de_imprensa_detalhes_10182.aspx
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Green Growth Brazil – New Industry Paradigms
http://domesticfuel.com/2008/04/23/ethanol-powered-crop-dusters/
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Ethanol Power Plant, Brazil
Green Growth Brazil – New Industry Paradigms
Juiz de Fora power generation station is powered by two 43MW GE LM6000 PF gas turbines
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Green Growth Brazil – New Industry Paradigms
Special fibers - Naturally colored cotton – no use of industrial dye
http://www.mundocor.com.br/algodaocolor.htm
http://www.cnpa.embrapa.br/jornal/embrapainfo1.html
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Green Growth Brazil – Infrastructure
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Green Growth Brazil – Korea
Perspectives for a cooperation agenda based on science, technology and innovation
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Brazil and Korea relations
� 50 years of diplomatic relations
� Since 1959: Several agreements of trade, immigration and law.immigration and law.
� 1991: Science and Technology Cooperation.
� 2005: Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy Agreement.
� 2010: First Joint S&T Committee in Seoul.
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Brazil and Korea relations
� Traditional partners on trade
� 42 private Korean companies in Brazil;
� Relevant institutions: KOTRA, Exim Bank, KDB, SMBA among others;
� Trade boost from U$2bi in 2002 to U$8.5bi in 2008
� Dawn of joint ventures
� KOBRASCO:
� Posco + Vale � steel
� HT Micron:
� Hana Micron + Altus � semiconductors
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Science and Technology
• Agricultural Innovation – Biotech, Bioenergy, Genetic Resources
• Labex Korea
• Rural Development Administration
• Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation• Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation
• Neglected Diseases
• Institute Pasteur Korea
• Fiocruz
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Science and Technology
http://labexkorea.wordpress.com/
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Science and Technology
• Information Technology
• Cloud Computing• ETRI – SERPRO
• Cognitive Radio
• ETRI – INATEL
• Aerospace
• Satellite images • KARI - AEB
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Science and Technology
• Nuclear Energy
• New power plants in Brazil • KAERI – CNEN
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Education
• Education
• Foreign Students
• Hankuk University
• UFRGS
• Engineering
• KAIST
• USP University of Sao Paulo
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The 2+2 model
Brazil-Korea S&T cooperation agreements
S&T policies including government financial support
Research Institute /
University
Research Institute /
University
BrazilSouth Korea
University University
Private company Private company
Internal / Global market
Partnership
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Brazil-Korea Cooperation
It is feasible to think about a strong collaboration between a resource-rich country, such as Brazil, and an innovation-driven
country, such as Korea, to jointly pursue a scientific and technological advances in the green growth arena.
MUTUAL
BENEFITS
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Thank You - 감사합니다감사합니다감사합니다감사합니다
Daniel Fink Daniel Fink -- Advisor of Science and Technology at the Embassy Advisor of Science and Technology at the Embassy
of Brazil in Seoul, Republic of Korea. of Brazil in Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Email: Email: [email protected]@brasemb.or.kr
Mauricio Antonio Lopes Mauricio Antonio Lopes -- PhD, Coordinator of PhD, Coordinator of EmbrapaEmbrapa LabexLabex
Korea, in Suwon, Republic of Korea. Korea, in Suwon, Republic of Korea.
Email: Email: [email protected]@ymail.com
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See you in Brazil!