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Brain Teaser. How could all of your cousins have an aunt who is not your aunt?. Minerals. Mineral - definition. Naturally occurring Inorganic Solid Specific atomic composition Definite atomic structure. Mineral Identification. 1. Hardness 2. Streak 3. Cleavage/Fracture - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Brain TeaserHow could all of your cousins have an aunt who is not your aunt?
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Mineral - definition
• Naturally occurring• Inorganic• Solid• Specific atomic composition• Definite atomic structure
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Mineral Identification
• 1. Hardness• 2. Streak• 3. Cleavage/Fracture• 4. Luster• 5. Specific Gravity• 6. Color
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Hardness• Is measured by how easy it is to
scratch. • Geologists order the hardness by…1. Scratched by a fingernail.2. Scratched by a penny. 3. Scratched by a nail. 4. Scratched by a diamond. These are not all of the tools geologists
use, but it will work for our experiment.
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Mineral Identification• Hardness – the ability to resist scratching; ranges from 1
(softest) to 10 (hardest)
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Mineral Systems
• If space is not restricted, a mineral will exhibit a crystal pattern with a definite number of sides and specific angles.
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Mineral Identification
• _________ – the color of the powdered form of a mineral
Streak
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Mineral Identification
• Cleavage (flat surfaces) or Fracture (no flat surfaces) – the way a mineral __________ breaks
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Mineral Identification
• Fracture: ___________________• Ex. Quartz or obsidian
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Mica is probably the best example as it splits into thin sheets. It is said to have
one perfect cleavage.
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Calcite and Galena cleave in three directions.They are said to have three good cleavages.
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Not all minerals show cleavage.Those that don’t break along cleavage
surfaces are said to have fracture.
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Luster• Refers to the way light
reflects from the surface of the mineral.
• There are two types of luster, –Metallic: looks like polished metal.
–Nonmetallic: does not look like polished metal. • Nonmetallic can be shiny or dull.
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Pyrite has metallic luster
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Quartz has nonmetallic luster
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Specific Gravity of a Mineral
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One mineral property we will not use…
COLOR
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A mineral can be many different colors. Below is Mica.
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Brain Teasers1. Mary’s father has 5 daughters – Nana, Nene,
Nini, Nono. What is the fifth daughters name?
2. In a one-story pink house, there was a pink person, a pink cat, a pink fish, a pink computer, a pink chair, a pink table, a pink telephone, a pink shower– everything was pink! What color was the stairs?
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Review
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Silicates Non Silicates
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COMMON MINERALS IN THE EARTH
• QUARTZ (Silica) SiO2
• CORUNDUM (Alumina) Al2O3
• HEMATITE Fe2O3
• CALCITE CaCO3
• DOLOMITE CaMg(CO3)2
• GYPSUM CaSO4
• FLUORITE CaF2
• PYRITE FeS2
• OLIVINE (Mg,Fe)2SiO4
• PYROXENE (Mg,Fe)SiO3
• AMPHIBOLE (Ca2Mg5)Si8O22(OH)2
• FELDSPARSAlbite NaAlSi3O8
Orthoclase KAlSi3O8
Anorthite CaAl2Si2O8
• KAOLINITE Al2Si2O5(OH)4
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Discovery Channel : Salt
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Common minerals and their uses