Brain in active perception: Bloom & Lazerson, 1998

Scalp EEG

Blink artifact

Structural MRI with 64 electrodes

WJF courtesy of Jeff Duyn at NIH and Thomas Witzel at MIT

This photographic montage shows the pial surface of my ‘brain in a vat’,

projected to the scalp. Gyri are light, sulci dark. EEG were from 64 electrodes.

Scalp recording with high density linear array

Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

From Freeman et al. 2003

Extracranial arrays

Cat & Rabbit brains

Electrode arrays on rabbit brain

Left hemisphere of the rabbit brain with size and locations of 8x8 electrode arrays:rectangles 6x6 mm, spacing 0.8 mm.

The circles show typical sizes of activity domains.

Diameter: modal 15 mm, 95% inclusion 28 mm

Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley

EEG from 8x8 pial array, rabbit auditory cortex.Spacing: 0.79 mm 1st component PCA: 94%

Digitizing step: 2 ms Nyquist frequency: 250 Hz

8x8 recording in waking rabbit

Difference of scale is 33:1

Mus musculus

Beluga whale

Whale and mouse brains

Mouse and whale EEG

Acknowledgements

Walter J Freeman University of California at Berkeley40

The olfactory system

Walter J Freeman

End note

AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by grants from NIMH (MH-06686), ONR (N00014-93-1-09380, and NSF (EIA-0130352). Human EEG and EMG data were collected and edited by Mark D. Holmes and Sampsa Vanhatalo in the EEG Clinic, Harborview Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, and analyzed in the Dep’t of Molecular & Cell Biology in the University of California at Berkeley. Data processing and programming were by Linda Rogers and Brian Burke. The animal data were collected in collaboration withJohn Barrie, Mark Lenhart, and Gyöngyi Gaál.